I l l KiiDUl[ HDC PHiiN GIflO DUC HOC I D i CHI d TRUmiG DAI HOC CAN THQ
O TRAN L J O N G *
1. Co sd cua viec thiet ke module hqc p h d n G i d o dye hqc theo tin chi d Dqi hqc Cdn Tho I) Ve mat li lugn, thiet ke module hqc phdn Gido dye hqc (GDH) theo tfn chi Id cd'u true kie'n thuc GDH thdnh cdc module dqy hqc (DH) tuong i/ng vdi sd luqng tin chi, bao gdm viec xdc djnh he vdo, thdn, he ro vd sd luqng tfn chi cuo module hqc phdn GDH.
Module DH Id mpt dan vj chuang frinh DH tuong ddi dpc lap duge cdu true dge bief nhdm phye vy eho ngudi hge vd chua dyng cd mye tliu DH, npi dung DH, PPDH eung nhu he thdng cdc cdng cy ddnh gid kef qud linh hpi gan bo vol nhau tgo thdnh mpt ehinh the (1).
Cd'u true cuo mdt module DH bao gdm:
+ He vdo cua module boo gdm: - Ten gqi hay tieu de cuo module; - He thdng myc tieu cuo module; - Test vdo cuo module: Nhdm kiem tra dieu kien tien quyet cuo ngudi hqc tuong ung vdi cdc myc tieu cuo module; - NhQng khuyen cdo ddnh cho ngudi hqc sou khi hq thom dy test.
+ Thdn cua module boo gdm mqt loqt cdc heu module tuong ung vdi myc tieu dd duqc xdc djnh d he vdo cuo module. Cung cd trudng hqp thdn cuo module tuang ung vdi mdt tieu module duy nhdt. Cdc tieu module lien ket vdi nhou bdi cdc test trung gion vd deu cdn den mdt thdi gion hqc tdp nhdt djnh. Cdc tieu module duqc cd'u true bdi cdc thdnh phdn:
A'id ddu: Xdc djnh nhQng myc tieu cy the cuo tieu module, cung cdp cho ngudi hqc nhQng tri thuc diem h/o vd huy ddng kinh nghiem dd cd cuo ngudi hqc, cung cdp cho ngudi hqc cdc con dudng gidi quye't vd'n de nhdn thuc de hq ty lyo chqn.
Npl dung vd phuong phdp hgc tap: Quo dd ngudi hqc se ndm duqc mdt so myc tieu cy the ctJa tieu module.
Test trung gian: Odnh gid xem ngudi hqc dd dqt den muc do ndo dd'i vdi cdc myc tieu cuo tieu module vd ket qud cuo test cd the duqc xem nhu dieu kien tien quye't de ngudi hqc thyc hien tieu module tiep theo.
Khi cdn thiet, thdn module cdn duqc bd sung cdc module phy dqo giup ngudi hqc bd sung kien thuc cdn thieu, sua chuo nhQng sai sdt vd dn tdp.
Tin chi: duqc sir dyng de tinh khdi luqng hqc tdp cuo SV. Mdt tin chi duqc quy djnh bdng 15 tiet li thuye't, 30-45 tie't thyc hdnh, thi nghiem hoqc thdo luqn ; 45-90 g i d thyc tqp tqi co sd ; 45-dO g i d ldm tieu ludn, bdi tdp Idn hoqc dd dn, khda luqn tdt nghiep. Ddi vdi nhQng hqc phdn If thuye't hoqc thyc hdnh, thi nghiem, de tiep thu duqc mdt tfn chi SV phdi ddnh it nhdt 30 g i d chudn bj cd nhdn. Mdt tie't hqc duqc tinh bdng 50 phut.
2) Ve mat thyc tien, DH Cdn Tho dang ddo tqo theo hqc che tfn chi (HTTC). De ddp ung vdi phuong thuc ddo tqo mdi, hqc phdn GDH dd duqc chuyen tu don vj hqc trinh song tfn chi nhung cdu true chuong trinh sou khi chuyen ddi van theo chuong trinh truyen thdng: - Phdn - chuong - myc - tieu myc. Cdch cdu true chuang trinh nhu vdy khdng phu hqp vdi phuong thuc ddo tqo theo HTTC. Odo tqo theo HTTC ddi hdi kie'n thuc phdl duqc cd'u true thdnh cdc module DH tuong ung vdi sd luqng tfn chi. Dieu ndy tqo dieu kien thudn Iqi cho ngudi hqc tich luy tin chi thdng quo viec tich luy cdc module DH. Bdi vqy, viec thie't ke module hqc phdn GDH theo tin chi d Trudng OH Cdn Tho dong trd thdnh mdt yeu cdu cd'p thie't de ndng coo chdt luong vd hieu qud cuo qud trinh DH mdn GDH.
2. Khdi q u d t chung ve thiet ke module hoc phdn G D H
Cd'u true cuo tung module hqc phdn GDH theo tfn chi duo tren cdc nqi dung sou:
* Tnrcing Dai hpc Can Thd
Tap chi Giao due so 2 2 8 (ki 2 -12/2009)
1) Thie't kemyc tieu: Chung tdi thiet ke module GDH duo tren 3 cdn cu: - Myc heu, ndi dung vd sd luqng tin chi ddnh cho hqc phdn GDH vd theo hudng hep cqn 4 try cdt gido dye cuo UNESCO:
hqc de biet (learn to know); hqc de ldm (learn to do); hqc de chung sdng (learn to live together);
hqc de ty khdng djnh minh (learn to be).
2) Thiet ke kiem tra, ddnh gid ddu vdo vd ddu ra:Thie't kecdu hdi trdc nghiem khdch quon de kiem tro, ddnh gid ddu vdo vd ddu ro cuo module DH.
Loai dot: A (8,5-10) = Gidi; B (7,0-8,4) = Khd;
C (5,5-d,9) = Trung binh; D (4,0-5,4) = Trung binh ye'u; Loqi khdng dqt: F
3) Thiet ke hogt dpng nhu: nghien cuu tdi lieu, thuyet trinh, thdo ludn, xir li tinh hudng...
4) Thiet ke npi dung: cung cdp hoqc ldm rd thdng hn cho cdc hoqt ddng.
Chung tdi xin trich ddn mdt heu module cy the (trong he thdng cdc module cua hqc phdn GDH) de minh hoo cho co sd li thuyet neu tren:
GIAO DUC VA SLJ PHAT TRIEN N H A N CACH 1 . Myc heu cua module. Viec vdn dyng 4 try cot gido dye do UNESCO de xudng vdo gidng dqy tieu module «Gido dye vd sy phdt trien nhdn each"dugc the hien nhu sou:
1) Hgc debiet: Sou khi hqc xong tieu module ndy, SV cd khd ndng: - Phdn biet khdi niem nhdn cdch vd mdt sd khdi niem cd lien quon nhu: eon ngudi, cd nhdn, cd the, cd tfnh...; - Hieu duqc sy hinh thdnh vd phdt then nhdn cdch; - Xdc djnh duqc voi trd cua cdc yeu td dnh hudng den sy hinh thdnh vd phdt trien nhdn cdch.
2) Hgc de ldm: Cd khd ndng vdn dyng, phdt huy uu diem vd khde phye nhung nhuqc diem cuo cdc ye'u td bdm sinh - di truyen, mdi trudng, gido dye vd hoqt dqng cd nhdn trong qud trinh hinh thdnh vd phdt trien nhdn cdch.
3) Hgc de tu khang djnh minh: Ddnh gid dung voi trd cuo cdc ye'u td bdm sinh - di truyen, mdi trudng, gido dye, hoqt ddng cdc nhdn trong su hinh thdnh vd phdt trien nhdn cdch.
4) Hgc de cung chung sdng: Khde phye nhung nhuqc diem vd phdt huy uu diem cuo cdc ye'u td dnh hudng de'n sy hinh thdnh vd phdt trien nhdn cdch.
2. Kiem tra ddu vdo. Phdn ndy, chung tdi tien hdnh trdc nghiem bdng mdt sd cdu hdi nhonh kiem tro kien thuc chung cuo SV. Cy the:
/. Nhdn cdch ehu yiu ndi den: a. Phdn «con"
Tap chi Giao duc so 2 2 8 (ki2.12/2009)
vd phdn «ngudi"; b. Phdn phdm chdtvd ndng lyc;
c. The chdtvd tinh thdn;d. Phdn h/nhien vdxd hqi.
2. Nhan each dugc hinh thanh va phat frien khi: a. Con ngudi mdi sinh ro; b. Con ngudi len 3 tudi; c. Con ngudi di hqc; d. Con ngudi tham gio cdc hoqt dqng XH.
3. Sdp xep ede yiu td d cpt A cho phu hgp vdi vai fro d cpt B frong sy hinh thdnh vd phdt frien nhdn edeh:
A
a. Bam sinh - di truyen b. Moi traong
c. Giao due
d. Hoat dpng ca nhan
B Quyet dinh Chu dao Tien de vat chat Oieu kien
4. Quan diem ndo sau ddy phdn dnh dung vai trd eiia mdi frudng ddi vdl sy hinh fhdnh vd phdt trien nhdn cdch: a. Gdn myc thi den gdn den thi sdng; b. O bdu thi trdn d dng thi ddi;
c. Gdn bun md chdng hdi tonh mui bun; d. Cd nhung trudng hqp gdn myc thi den gdn den thi sdng.
5. Quan diem ndo sau ddy phdn dnh dung vol frd eua gido dye ddi vdl sy hinh fhdnh va phdt frien nhdn cdch: a. «Gida dye Id vqn ndng";
b. «Tre em nhu td gidy trdng nhd gido dye mud'n ve gi len cung duqc"; c. «Hdy cho tdi mdt duo tre, tdi se gido dye nd thdnh mdt ten khung b d " ; d. «Hdy cho tdi mdt duo tre, tdi cd the gido dye nd thdnh mdt ngudi tdt".
6. Dira tre sinh ra cd fu chd't ve dm nhgc:
a. Nhd't djnh duo tre se trd thdnh nhqc sT; b. Trong dieu kien thudn Iqi duo tre se trd thdnh nhqc sT;
c. Duqc gido dye duo tre se trd thdnh nhqc sT;
d. Duo tre se hoqt dqng hieu qud hon trong tTnh vuc dm nhqc.
7. Vai trd cua gido dye trong sy hinh fhdnh vd phdt frien nhdn cdch the hiin: a. Gido dye Id qudc sdch hdng ddu, ddu tu cho GD Id ddu tu cho phdt trien; b. Gido dye Id ehia khdo md cuo tien vdo tuong lai; c. Gido dye Id dqng luc thuc ddy sy phdt trien nhdn cdch; d. Gido dye vqch phuong hudng, td chuc sy hinh thdnh vd phdt trien nhdn cdch.
8. Dl truyen fdl tgo d tre: a. NhQng phdm chdt dqo due gidng cho me; b. NhQng ndng lyc gidng cho me; c. NhQng ddc diem the chdt gidng cho me; d. Nhung thj hie'u thdm mT gidng cho me.
9. Van dyng vol trd cua yiu td mdi trudng trong su hinh thdnh vd phdt frien nhan cdch de ehgn cdch gidi quyef phu hgp nhdt: a. Ddu tu nhieu tien cho viec hqc; b. Cung cdp ddy du che
< #
do dinh dudng cho ca the; c. Thorn gio tich cyc cdc hoqt ddng; d. Xdy dyng Idi sdng Idnh mqnh cd vdn hdo.
3. Cdc hoqt d d n g cu the
Hogt dpng 1: Sou khi hqc xong heu module ndy, SV phdi phdn tfch duqc khdi niem con ngudi, cd nhdn, nhdn cdch vd phdn biet duqc sy khde nhou cuo cdc khdi niem ndy: - Nhiem vy (NV) 1:
So sdnh sy gidng nhou vd khde nhou giQo khdi niem con ngudi, cd nhdn, cd tinh, chu the vd nhdn cdch; - NV 2: Phdn tich de ldm rd nqi hdm cuo khdi niem nhdn cdch.
Hogt dpng 2: Tim ede yeu td dnh huong de'n ket qud hgc fpp ciia HS
- NV 1: Chio Idp thdnh 4 nhdm. Cdc nhdm di hm nguyen nhdn HS hqc kem mdn hqc ndo d d , liet ke cdc nguyen nhdn dd Iqi vd xep chung thdnh tung nhdm; - NV 2: Cdc nhdm bdo cdo ke't qud thdo ludn; - NV 3: Gido vien vd cdc nhdm chfnh xdc hda cdc vdn de thdo ludn; - NV 4: Gido vien vd cdc nhdm ddnh gid vd'n de vuo thdo ludn.
Hogt dgng 3. Bdi tap xu li tinh hudng - NV 1: Chio Idp thdnh 4 nhdm thdo ludn gidi quyet hnh hudng sau ddy: «Tom vd Alton Id hai duo tre cijng cha khde me, nhung chung khdng biet dieu dd. Cd hoi deu ro ddi tir vdt lieu di truyen
«Donor Coral", mdt mdu tinh trijng tuyet hdo cuo ngdn hdng tinh hung vdi li ljch trich ngong trong hd so nhu sau: «Nhd khoo hqe xud't sdc, chi sd thdng minh tren 1 dO, choi cd, piano, yeu thich tre con".
Alton Ion len trong mot vung ngoqi 6. Cqu di hpc mpt truang thupc logi «truang chuyen, lap chon"
vd luon dung ddu lap. Cqu Id mpt toy choi piano tuyet vdi vd nhdy rdt gioi. Mpt buc tuqng do cqu sang tdc da duqc trung bdy tqi mpt trien lam cac tdc
hdm cua tre em tdi nang tgi dgi hpc Hovcrd. Alton d mpt duo tre kien tri, tu tin vd ddy khat vpng.
Ngugc Igi, Tom Id mpt duo tre luon bd't o n , ldn len trong mpt khu tdm thudng tgi mgt thdnh pho d mien Toy nuoc MT. Cgu theo hgc tgi mgt trudng cung thupc vao logi tdm tdm vd chi mong ve nhd diem so trung binh. Cgu khong chai piano ma hdt nhung boi hdt kho can trong mot ban nhgc rap. Me cgu van giu bi mgt ve ngudi cho di truyen. Cho de'n khi Tom tuyen bo bo hgc thi me cgu bugc phdi noi vdi cgu Id cgu mong trong ngudi gene thong minh. Tuy nhien, tren thuc te, hai dua tre Igi phdt trien hodn todn khac nhau.
4 . N q i dung (thdng tin) cho cdc hoqt d q n g 1) Npi dung cho hogt dpng I: khdi niem con ngudi, cd nhdn vd nhdn edeh
Con ngudi: - «Bdn ehdt eua eon ngudi Id tdng hoa ede mdi quan hi xa hpi" (C. Mdc); Con ngudi
re
vua Id mdt thuc the ty nhien, vuo Id mdt thuc the xd hdi.
Cd fhe\d mqt don vj hodn chinh dqi dien cho gidng lodi nhung mong nhung net ddc thu rieng.
N d cd y nghTa phdn biet mdt cdi rieng cd tinh ddc ldp trong mdt top hqp chung.
Cd nhdn Id mdt con ngudi, mdt thdnh vien trong xd hdi lodi ngudi nhung cung mong nhung net ddc thu rieng le de phdn biet vdi cdc thdnh vien khde trong mdt tdp the, mqt cdng ddng.
Nhdn cdch Id td hqp nhung thudc tfnh tdm li cuo mdt cd nhdn, bieu hien d bdn sdc vd gid trj xd hdi cua ngudi dy.
2) Ngi dung cho hogt dgng 2: Sy hinh thdnh vd phdt trien nhdn cdch
Nhdn cdch duqc hinh thdnh vd phdt then trong qud trinh sdng, hoqt ddng giao luu cuo cd nhdn vdi ngudi khde trong xd hdi. Su phdt trien nhdn cdch Id qud tnnh tdng trudng, tich luy vd hodn thien ve the chdt, ve tdm li vd ve xd hdi cua cd nhdn.
3) Ngi dung cho hogt dgng 3: Cdc yeu to dnh hudng den sy hinh thdnh vd phdt then nhdn cdch: - Vai frP eua bdm sinh - dl truyin: Ld mdm mdng. Id hen de vdt chdt trong sy hinh thdnh vd phdt trien nhdn cdch. Bdi hqc rut ro: cdn ddnh gid dung, quon tdm tqo dieu kien tdc ddng td't de'n ye'u td bdm sinh, di truyen: gido dye the chdt, gido dye ndng khie'u, gido dye tre khuyet tdt; - Vd; fro cua mPl frudng: Mdi trudng Id dieu kien trong sy hinh thdnh vd phdt trien nhdn cdch. Bdi hqc rut ro:
- Ddnh gid dung yeu td mdi trudng; - Tdn dyng, phdt huy, cdi tqo vd xdy dyng mdi trudng tdt;
- Vai fro cua hogf dpng cd nhdn: Hoqt ddng cd voi trd quyet djnh trong su hinh thdnh vd phdt trien nhdn cdch. Bdi hqc rut ro: - Quon tdm, tqo dieu kien cho con ngudi thorn gio tfch cyc vdo cdc hoqt ddng vd cdc mdi quan he tiep xuc, gioo luu; - Cdc hoqt dqng vd cdc mdi quon he hep xue, gioo luu cuo con ngudi phdi duqc td chirc mdt cdch hqp li vd cd hieu qud. Trong dd, phdi phdt huy duqc tinh chu ddng, tich cyc, ty gidc vd sdng tqo cua cd nhdn trong qud trinh tham gia;
- Vai frd eua gido dye: Gido dye ddng voi trd chu dqo trong su hinh thdnh vd phdt trien nhdn cdch. Bdi hqc: - Ddnh gid dung voi trd cuo cua gido dye trong su hinh thdnh vd phdt then nhdn cdch; - Cdn phdi quon tdm tdi gido dye, ddu tu cho gido dye, phdt then gido dye.
(Xem flip trang 46)
Tap chi Giao due so 2 2 8 (ki 2.12/2009)
HS d l ddng nhdn ro ddy Id he PT Id he dd'i xung loqi 1, tudn thu PP gidi he ddi xung loqi 1, to dqt dn phy S = x -i- y vd P = xy, to se hm duqc nghiem cuo he Id x = 0; y = 2 hoqc x = 2 ; y = 0.
Bdy g i d , to thoy x bdng kx, chdng hqn k = 2 . - , I . \4x^ +2xy-i- y^ = 4 / i n
ta se CO he sou: < (11) [2xy + 2x-i-y = 2
Thay x b d i , y duqc thoy the bdng mdt hdm ndo dd cuo y, chdng hqn y^ to se duqc he mdi:
jx + -Jxy^ +y' =4
Cd the thoy x vd y bdng cdc hdm sd cp, chdng hqn thoy x bdng cotx, y bdng tony to se duqc:
I cot" X-I-cot x.tan X-I-tan" V = 4
^ (IV). C u tiep tuc [cotx.tanji'-Hcotx +tan>'= 2 ' • chung to se cd vd so he PT mdi.
HS cd the hieu tdt vd gidi thdnh thqo cdc he PT dd'i xung loqi 1. Nhung budc hq phdl dieu tiet Iqi khi yeu cdu gidi cdc he PT (II), (III), (IV); vi cdc he PT ndy khdng phdl Id he ddi xung loqi 1. Hq gap chudng ngqi ve phuong phdp gidi ddi vdl cdc he ndy, budc hq phdl cd'u true lqi. Xem he (II) Id he ddi xung vdl (2x) vd (y), he (III) Id he dd'i xung vdl Vx vd y^, vd he (IV) Id he dd'i xung vdi cotx vd tony.
Thdng qua bien phdp ndy, HS duqc ren luyen hnh linh hoqt cua qud trinh tu duy khi gidi todn, nd the hien trong viec chuyen d l ddng vd nhonh chdng tu mqt thoo tdc trf tue ndy song mdt thoo tdc tri tue khde, trong viec thodt khdi dnh hudng kim hdm cua nhung phuong phdp gidi rdp khudn;
trong finh do dqng cuo cdc phuong thuc BDTTvd ren luyen hnh tich cue hod hoqt ddng nhdn thuc cua HS.
o-.n
Viec ren luyen ndng luc BDTT todn hqc cho HS theo quan diem thfnh nghi tri tue Id mdt cdng viec rdt quon trqng vd cdn thiet, nd cd tdc dyng tich cyc hod hoqt ddng hqc top cho HS, tqo cho cdc em khd ndng fim tdi vd gidl quye't vd'n de mdt cdch ddc ldp, sdng tqo, gdp phdn ndng coo hieu qud DH mdn Todn d trudng PT.Q
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Nguygn Phu Loc. "Su thich nghi tri tue trong qua trinh nhan thue theo quan diem eiia J.Piaget". Tgp chi Gido due, so 183/2008.
2. Dao Tam - Le Hien DuOTig. Cac phuong phap day hoc khong truyen thong trong day hoc Toan u tnrong dai hpc va tniung pho thong. NXB Dgi hpc suphgm, H.2008.
3. NguySn Ba Kim. Phuong phap day hoc Toan. NXB Dgi hgc suphgm, H.2002.
4. V.A. Korutecxkt. Tam If nang luc toan hpc cua hpe sinh. NXB Gido t/Mc, H.1978.
Thiet ke module...
(Tiip theo trang 28) ' Tdm lqi, qud trinh hinh thdnh vd phdt trien nhdn cdch Id qud trinh con ngudi gio nhdp vdo cdc hoqt ddng vd cdc mdi quan he xd hdi de chiem h'nh nhQng gid trj xd hdi, bie'n nhQng gid trj xd hdi thdnh g i d trj cuo bdn thdn de hinh thdnh nhdn cdch. Trong qud trinh d d , con ngudi chju dnh hudng cua 4 ye'u tdtren, chung cd mdi quon he, tdc dqng quo Iqi vdi nhou rdt mdt thiet, trong dd bdm sinh - di truyen g i u vol trd Id fien de, mdi trudng Id dieu kien, hoqt ddng cd nhdn giu vol trd quyet djnh, gido dye g i u vai trd chu dqo. Bdi vdy, mqi su tuyet dd'i hdo hoy hq thdp mqt yeu to ndo deu Id sal ldm. Nhiem vy cuo nhd gido dye Id phdl phdt huy nhung yeu td tich cyc, hqn che vd ddy lui nhQng ye'u td tieu cyc tdc dqng den sy hinh thdnh vd phdt trien nhdn cdch. •
Tai lieu tham khao
1. D6 Huan. Tiep can module trong xdy dung cdu triic chuong trinh ddo tgo nghe. Luan an tien sT khoa hpc su pham Tam li, H 1995.
2. NguySn Thj My Lpc (ehii bien). Mpt so van de ve Giao due hpc dai hpc. NXB Dgi hgc qudc gia Hd Ngi 2004.
3. NguySn Loc - Phan Van Nhan - NguySn Xuan Bao.
Td ehiie ddo tgo theo HTTC cho cdc truang cao ddng vd trung edp chuyen nghiep. Trung tam tu van phat triSn ngu6n nhan luc, H 2009.
4. Quy ehe dao tao dai hoc va eao dSng he chi'nh quy theo he thong tin ehi, so' 43/2007/QD-BGD&DT.
5. Tran Thi Tuyet Oanh (ehii bien). Giao trinh Giao due hpc. NXB Dgi hgc suphgm, H 2006.
6. Phan Thi Hong Vinh. Xay dung, phat trien va quan ll chuong trinh day hpe. NXB Dgi hgc qudc gia Hd Ngi, 2007.
7. Pham Viet Vuong. Giao due hpc. NXN Dgi hgc qudc gia Hd Ngi, 2008.
