lAiiAanmic MTiiniiunfiiiiiM -stii/zni KlAl SAT Tifc TIARfi TIAM IIA I I LjCI Tll^ TIAO
CiA NCMl IAN TAI TIANI N f i f CII MINI
Nguyin H o i n g Minh T h u f n * -mti N i l p n i p i
tertalnment..
ff
Tdm tit^ Trin CO sd phdng v i n 2.335 ngudi tir 1 8 - l i i n 65 tajii dang tham gia du Hch t h i thao (DLTT) t9i c i c d|a diim d Tp. H i Chi Minh, tiin hinh dinh g i i thvrc trfng v i ngudi tham gia DLTT t^i Tp.HCM v i thye tr^ng hoft ding DLTT bao g i m : DLTT sv kifn, DLTT d i t Uin, DLTT miin biin, DLTT mao h i ^ , DLTT sirc khde v i DLTT giii tri.
Tir khda: Du ljch, t h i thao. du ljch t h i thao. thvrc trfng. DLTT sv kifn, DLTT d i t liin. DLTT miin biin, DLTT mfo hiim, DLTT sue khde v i DLTT ^ tri
Survey the currant status of sports tourism participation of people in Ho Chi Minh City
Swnmary:
Based on 2,335 interviews of people aged 18-65 years oM are engaged in sport tourism at kxatk>ns in Ho Chi Minh dty, assessing the status of partkapants in Ho Chi Minh City and B the current status of sport tourism activitiesinclude: sport tourism events, spori tourism inland, Pcoastal sport tourism, adventurous sport tourism, heialth and sport tourism entertainment.
V Keywords: Tourism, sports, sports tourism, current status, sport tourism events, sport tourism inland, coastal sport tourism, adventurous sport tourism, health and sport tourism en-
• ^mmBtSK.'imA-^^Mi w hinh thinh vi phit triin. Khio sit ve thye
trfng ngirdi din tham gia Du Ijeh thi thao tfi Tp. Hi Chi Minh li eo sd di dinh gii tbyc trfng hoft ddng DLTT eiia thinh phi, ding thdi giup tie dfng eie bifn phip, giii phip phit ttiin DLTT tfi dja phuang niy.
PHUdNG P H A P N G H | £ N C0U
Trong qua trinh nghiin eim, ehung tdi di sir dyng eie phuong phip nghiin eiru sau:
- Phuong phip ting hpp vi phin tieh eie tii liiu
- Phuang phip diiu tra xi hdi hpe - Phuang phip chuyin gia
- Phuong phip toin hpe thong ki. Trong dd sir dyng:
+ Phin tich thdng ki: Trung binh, dp lieh chuin, max, min....
+ Phin tich thdng ki md ti suy dien gdm phan tieh t hai mau dde Ifp (Independent sample t - test) vi phin tich phucmg sai mft ycu ti (One - way ANOVA).
-^ Phin tich dd tin cfy ndi tai: Bude diu tiin trong phirong phip Phin tich dp tin cfy ndi tfi. nhdm nghiin eiru su dvmg phan mim phin DAT VXN 0^
Trong nhiing nim gin diy, du ljch thi thao (DLTT) di vi dang phit triin mfnh d mdt si khu vvrc tfi Vift Nam, nhu eiu tham gia DLTT eiia ngudi din trong vi ngoii nude dang ngiy eing ting eao. Phit triin du Ijch trd thinh nginh kinh ti miii nhpn trin eo sd khai thie cd hifu qui vi cie diiu kifn ty nhiin, sinh thii ttuyen thing, vin hda, Ijeh sir, huy ddng tii da nguon lye trong nude vi tranh thii tot sy hpp tic quic ti di dua Vift Nam ndi ehung vi Tp. Hi Chi Minh ndi riing ttd thinh ttung tim du Ijeh. trong dd DLTT dft tim ed d khu vyc vi quoc te dang li yiu cau eip thiit. Tp. Hd Chi Minh li mdt ttong nhiing trung tam ehinh tti - kinh ti - thucmg mfi ldn nhit nude ta, \ ifc tiin hinh edng trinh nghiin cim khoa hpc nhim khio sit, ting kit dinh gii thye trfng hoft ddng tham gia du ljch thi thao li rit cin thiit. lim co sd di xiy dvmg tiiu chuin vi chicn lupc phit ttiin du Ijch thi thao d Tp. Ho Chi Mmh mdt cich phii hpp. Vdi uu thi li mdt uung tam kinh ti Idn nhit, Tp. Hi Chi Mmh hifn nay co cic hoft ddng DLTT dang
•ThS Kho« Quin ly TDTT. Tnr6ng 091 hoc TDTT Tp H4 Ch. IWinh
lAiBAemoANpc
tieh so liiu SPSS cho Windows phiin bin 16.0 de phan tieh nhin td (factor analysis! cae sd Iicu viia thu thip dupe d i lofi bd nhiing thang do eiia cic mye hdi khdng cin thiet.
Nguyin tic di giii Ifi eae thang do can thiit:
-^ Moi myc hdi phii ed h i sd tai (factor loading) > 0,3.
+ Khdng cd hon mdt hi sd tai (factor loading) trong bing Ma trfn nhin td sau khi xoay (Rotated Component Mamx).
+ Chi s i KMO > 0,5 (Kaiser-Mcyer-Olkin, li ehi s i diing d i xem xet sy thieh hpp eua phin tich nhin td) li diiu kiin dii d i phan tieh nhin td li thieh hpp.
Dii tupng nghien eiru: Tdng sd lupng khich du Ijch tham gia phdng \ i n li 3.000 ngudi, trong dd nhdm khio sat phdng vin 12 dja diim cd liin quan din hoft ddng DLTT d Tp. Ho Chi Minh, moi dja diim phdng vin 250 khich du Ijch.
Dja diem phdng vin li cie mmg tim TDTT, cic khu du ljch, cic khu du Ijeh/khu du ljch sinh thii. ... Cie dja diim phdng vin ndi tt^, tuong iing vdi 6 lof i hinh DLTT hifn nay d Vift Nam (dd li DLTT sy kifn, DLTT dit liin, DLTT miin biin, DLTT mfo hiim, DLTT sue khde vi DLTT giii m. Vifc tiin hinh phin lof i lofi hinh du Ijeh thi thao dupe tien hinh theo Hall (1992): "DLTT bao gdm hai phin lofi li du Ijch d i tham gia cie hoft dfng thi thao vi du Ijeh de xem thi diu thi thao. dong thdi ehii y tdi 3 phin dofn du Ijch dupe quan tim dfc bift: Du Ijch sire khde, thi thao vi mf o hiim"). Trong dd:
DLTT sy kifn: Gim cie sy kifn TDTT, giii thi diu eie mdn thi thao...
DLTT dit liin: Di bf/ di bd dudng dii, xe df p. Ico niii, ttio thuyin, eiu ei, Ba mdn phoi hpp. Chfy djnh hudng. Cudi ngya, tron tim, thi diiu. ttd choi din gian, bdng d i dudng pho, keo eo, diy gfy, quin vpt...
DLTT miin bicn: Ludt vin, cau ci, thuyin buom, dua thuyin, Ifn khi tai. Boi Ifi, Lfn ing thd, Bdng chuyin bii biin. Bdng d i bai biin...
DLTT mfo hiem: Leo nui. Trupt die, khim phi him niii. Trupt nude. Md td trupt nude.
Dii kio trupt nude, leo niii nhan tfo, Nhj Bungee....
DLTT siie khde: Di bp, the dv^ dudng sir Yoga...
DLTT giai m': Cic mdn thi thao nghf thuft, Cie mdn doi khing (diu kiim. Boxing, Judo.
Diu \ft. Kendo, Vd gfy. Karate, Bdng di.
Quan vpt, Bdng nim )
K^T QUA NGHliN ClJfU VA BAN LUAN
1. T h ^ trfing v i vifc tham gia DLTT if TPp. H i Chi Minh
Trong 2335 ngirdi tham gia diiu tra thi ed 1555 nam (chiim 66.6 %) va 780 nCr (chiim 33.4 %). Cie dii tupng tham gia diiu tra phin bo diy dil trin eie lira mdi. trong dd lira tudi chiim da s i li hi 18 din 25 tuii (chiim 49.3%), lira hiii Tir 26 din 35 hiii it hon (chiim 25.1 %) v i sau dd li lira mii Dudi 18 mii (chiim 11.1 %); Tu 36 din 50 mii (chiim 10.6° o), eie lira tuii cdn Ifi khdng nhiiu, dudi 10% cho mSi Ilia tudi (bao gdm lira tuii dudi Tir 51 din 65 tuii v i trin 65 tuii phan b i lin lupt li 3.4 %, vi 0.5%.
v i tinh trfng hdn nhin thi nhdm dde thin chiim da s i (60.2%). ki din li Ifp gia dinh (32.5 %), ly dj/ly thin chiim ty If thip (5.1%), cdn Ifi li gda ehing/vp chiim (2.2%).
Trinh dd hpe vin eiing phan bo khdng ding diu, nhdm Dfi hpe vi Cao ding (chiim 54.6%), ki din li nhdm dii ttipng trung hpe phi thdng (chiim 25.6 %), nhdm thii ba li nhdm Sau Dfi hpe (chiim II.I %) vi nhdm edn Ifi li dudi THPT (chiim 8.7%). Hon phin niia dii nrpng tham gia phdng vin ed miic thu nhfp hing thing rtr 2 din 5 ttifu ding (chiim 36.5%), nhdm thu nhfp dudi 2 trifu ding (chiim 32.6 %), nhdm thu nhfp ttung luu Tii 5 din 10 ttifu ding (chiim 16.1 %), hai nhdm dii ttrpng ed thu nhfp eao tir 11 din 20 ttifu ding v i ttin 20 hifu ding chi chiim 7.8% vi 7.0%.
Cuoi eimg li nginh nghi lao ddng ciia cic dii hrpng tham gia phdng vin. Cin bf/Viin chiie Nhi nude chiim s i ddng (vdi 35.1%).
tiip thcp li nhdm Nginh nghi khie (chiim 23.3 %), dung thii ba li nhdm Sinh viin/Hpc sinh (ehiem 15.3%), nhdm Kinh doanh ca thi
liimAMiiiifiiiiiii -soi/iti4
(chiim 14 3 %), cic nhdm nginh nghi cdn lai chiim mpt sd lupng khdng ding ki gdm Giang Men Giio viin (4.4 %). Bie sTY ti/Nhin vien y ti (3.1%), Ndng din/Ngu din (3.0%) va Npi ttp (1.5%).
Theo kit qua cua di tii thi lofi hinh DLTT giii Qi vi sue khde chiim sd ddng ngudi din tham gia nhit (lin lupt li 42.9% vi 16.9%), ki din li DLTT miin biin ( c h i ^ 13.1%), DLTT sy kifn vi dit liin ed si lupng ngudi tham gia lin lupt li 12.8% vi 10.1 % vi cuii cimg li lofi hinh DLTT mfo hiim (chiim 4.2%).
Mue dp tham gia eie lofi hinh DLTT:
Trong dd, da sd doi tupng nghiin cim tham gia DLTT 2 din 4 lin/nim (chiim 28.7%), ki din li nhdm 1 lin/nim (chiim 23.3%), nhdm tham gia 2 din 4 lin/thing, trin 4 Ian/thing vi 1 lin/thing tucmg duong nhau (lin lupt li i3.8%, 12.7% vi 12.1%), cuii eiing li nhdm 5 din 10 lin/nim (chiim 9.8%).
Thdi gian tham gia DLTT: Trong dd da phin ngirdi tham gia DLTT vio tir thing 1 din thing 3 (chiim 45.2%), ki din li nhdm tham gia vio tir thing 4 din thing 6 (chiim 22%)
va cudi cung li 2 nhdm tham gia vio tu thing 10 den thing 12 va tir thing 7 din thing 9 (chiim 16.8»o v i 16%).
Ddi tupng tham gia ciing khi tham gia eac lofi hinh DLTT: Trong dd, phin Idn khich du ljch di ciing 5 bfn trd len (chiim 34.5%). tiip theo li nhdm di ciing gia dinh vi nhdm tii 2 din 4 bfn chiim ty li tuong duong nhau (lan lupt li I9.700 vi \s.S\). ki din li nhdm di mpt minh v i nhdm di vdi mdt ngudi bfn (chiim 10.5° o vi 9.6%) va cuii eiing li nhdm di eiing ddi tie (chiim 6.9%).
Chi phi tham gia DLTT eiia eie dii tupng nghiin eiru: Chi phi ttung binh eho mpt lin tham gia eie lofi hinh DLTT hiin tfi li khoing 1.3000.000 d.
2. Thvrc tr^ng v i vifc tham gia cua khich du ljch theo 6 lofii hinh DLTT ir Tp.
H i Chi Minh
Thvrc trfng tham gia DLTT dang diin ra tfi TP.HCM thi hifn qua 6 lofi hlnb DLTT (DLTT sy kifn, DLTT dit liin, DLTT miin biin, DLTT mfo hiem, DLTT sire khde vi DLTT giii tri.) dupe trinh biy ttong bing I.
TT 1
i 5
4 5 6 7
t
^ l6 11 l iBing 1. Ting hp^) c i c lo^i hinh Du ljch thi thao & Tp. Hi Chl Minh
D|ADI£M Trung tam TD IT Fhinh Long Khu du ljch Sudi Md Nhi thi dau Phu Thp Sin vfn dpng Thdng Nhat Trung tam TD TF Thanh Da Bien Can Gid
Khu du ljch Dio khi Dja dfo Cil Chi
Cung vin hda Lao Dpng Tnrdng dua Phu Thp Khu du ljch Binh Qudi Khu du Ijch Sudi Tien
CAC LOAI HiNH DLTT Slf kifn
V V
Ddt lien
<
Mien hicn
V
VMgo hiem
\
Sirc khoe V
V
Gidi tri
V
V
%/V V
Sv khic bift vi nhin khiu hfc
\'c gidi tinh. nam gidi li ddi tupng tham gia ehu yiu d tai ci 6 lofi hinh DLTT tfi Tp. Hi Chi Mmh. Sy khic biit ldn nhit li d lofi hinh DLTT sv kifn, khi si lupng nam gidi tham gia gip 4 lin nii. \ i lira hiii d lofi hinh DLTT sirc
khde, nhdm khich du ljch d lira tudi 36 den 65 chiim hon phin nua (trong dd du khich tir 51 den 65 tuii chicm khoing 30%); vi tinh trfng hdn nhin, khich du ljch thi thao cdn dde thin chiem ty If cao trong eic doi tupng tham gia d hiu hit cie lofi hinh DLTT tfi Tp. Ho Chi
lAnA>OMI|C
Minh; vi trinh df hpe van, d tofi hinh DLTT sv kifn, ty If khaeh du ljch cd hpc thiie eao (sau dfi hpe) chiim ty If tuong ddi ldn, khoing 20%. Dii vdi yiu to ngbi ngliifp, d k>fi hinh DLTT siie khde, iJ^i hipng khich du ljch li cin bp/viin chue nhi nude chiim bon 1/3 tdng sd
Bing 2. Sv khic bift v i nhin khiu htfc giOa 6 iof i hinh DLTT dii hipng (khoing 40%). Vi vi thu n h f p ^ hinh DLTT mf o hiim, dii tupng cd mue nhfp hi 10 din 20 ttifu chiim gin 1/3 tdngi dii hipng tham gia (khoang 30%). Cv dii dugc ttinh biy d bing 2.
Nhin k h i a bpc
Dal liin /. Gi&itinh
Nam Nii
73-J 26.7 2. Lira tuoi
Dudi 18 tudi 18 den 25 nidi 26 den 35 tudi 36 den 50 tudi 51 den 65 tudi Tren 65 luoi
13.6 48.7 22 13.6
2.1 0 3. Tinh trpng hon nhin
Dpc than Lf p gia dinh Ly dj/ ly thin Gda chdng/ vp
61 31.8
5.9 1.3 4. Trtnh dp hpc vin
Dudi THPT THPT
Dfi hpc/Cao ding Sau dfi hpc
14 27.5 47.5 II 5. Nghi nghifp
Cin bp/Viin chirc Giang vicn/GV Hac si NV y ti
N(ii tr(,T
kmh doanh ca the Ndng ngu dan HS-SV Nghe khae
16.5 3.4 4.7 3 15.7
2.1 30.9 2.V7 6. Thu nhgp
lluiTi : i r i c u W I ) : -5 tncu \ N D 5 - lOmcu VNO
10-20trifu \ N D Trcn 20 mcu
.'2.2 3 7 J 17.4 7.2 5.9
Lofi hinh du ljch thi thao CiVii
tri
Mgo hiem
Mien
bien SHrckhoe
64 36
59.2 40.8
59.8 40.2
64.2 35.8 10.9
50.9 24 10.6
2.9 0.7
10.2 36.7 46.9 5.2
1 0
10.8 47.4 28.1 7.8 5.9 0
13.3 18.8 13.7 22.4 30.5 1.3 61
32.2 4.4 2.4
46.9 42.9 4.1 6.1
58.4 34 5.6 2
59.9 30.2 7.6 2.3 7.3
17.3 57.1 18.3
8.2 20.4 61.2 10.2
11.4 22.2 54.2 12.2
7.9 26.1 5 4 J 11.7 14.1
5 2.')
1.6 15.1 0.7 37,8 22.9
11.2 3.1
2 2 25.5
I5..1 26.5 14.3
18.6 4.9 2.3 0.3 12.4 f..2
31 24.2
3 9 J 4.6 3.6 1.5 14.2
2.8 21.6
12.4 31.9
36.1 18.1 7.7 6.3
27.6 28.6 7.1 30.6
6.1
28.1 43.1 144 5.'»
8 5
13.7 30.7 38.6 7.1 9 9
Sv kifn
H23 17.7 7.3 42.8 29.3 10.3 3 7.3
633 32 3.7 1
1.1 22.3 50.7 19.3 20.3 2.7
3 1 29 1 30.7
12.3 33.7 41
16 4.3 5
MiT|millUB$l]lilMI -rtl/Wi
Sv khic bift vi ahdm dii tvvag tkam gia cung:
Ddi vdi eie lofi hinh DLTT dit liin, giii tti, sue khde va sy kifn, nhdm hr 5 ngudi bfn trd lin di ehung vdi nhau diiim ty li Idn; tuy nhiin, d lofi hinh DLTT sy k i ^ sy khic bift giiia nhdm tii 5 ngudi bfn trd lin di cbung vdi nhau vdi eic nhdm khic khdng ed sy khic bift ldn, ty If kha tuong ding. Dii vdi DLTT mfo
hiim thi nhdm tii 2 din 4 bfn chiim phin nira so lupng khich tham gia, cie lofi hinh nhdm cdn Ifi tuy tuong ding nhung chiim ty If khdng eao, dudi 15%. Lofi hinh DLTT miin hiin, ban 1/3 ngudi tham gia di eiing vdi gia dinh, ciing Ii nhdm chiim ty If cao nhit;
nhdm chiem ty If cao ki tiqp, khoing 1/3 thi di ciing 5 vdi ngudi bfn tt^ lin. Cy thi dupe ttinh bay tfi bing 3.
Bing 3. Svr khic bift v i nhdm d i l tiring tham gia giira 6 io^i hinh DLTT Dii tuvng tluun gia
Mft minh Giadfaih Ddi tic Mpt ngudi bfn Tir 2 den 4 bfn 5 bfn trd lin
Bitliin 16.1 21.2 10.6 7.2 13.6 31J
Lofi hinb du l|ch the thao Giii tri
6.5 19.5
5 12.5 18.7 37J
Mpo hiem 9 12
5 10 50 14
Miin bien 8 37
4 5 12 34
Sue khoe 8 13
9 8 20 42
Spkifn 19 13 13 16 17 22 Sv khic bift vi mdc df tham gia cic lofi
hlnb DLTT:
E)a phin, khich du ljch tham gia eie lofi hinh DLTT d miie thip, td 1 lin/nim dii vdi lofi hinh DLTT dit liin vi giii m; hay 2 din 4 lin/nim dii vdi lofi hinh DLTT mfo hiim, miin biin vi sy kiin. Cd sy khie biit d lofi hinh DLTT sire khde khi din 26% du khich tham gia trin 4 lin/thing; diy eung li mpt kit qui thufn Ipi cho vifc phit triin lofi hinh
Bing 4. Svf khic bift v i mi>c df
DLTT niy d Tp. Hi Chi Minh. Kit qui cy thi dupe trinh biy tfi bing 4.
Sv khic bift vi thdi gian tham gia cic lof i hinh DLTT:
Da phin, khich du Ijeh tham gia eie lofi hinh DLTT trong thdi gian hi thing 1 din thing 3 chiim ty li cao nhit; chi ed khich du ljch tham gia lofi hinh DLTT miin biin eao nhit vio thing 7 din thing 9. Kit qui cy thi dupe trinh biy tfi bing 5.
tham gia gifra 6109I hinh DLTT
Mdc df tham gia 1 lin/nim
2 din 4 lin/nim 5 din 10 lin/nim
1 lin/thing 2 din 4 lin/thing Trin 4 lin/thing
Dit uin 28 25 14 14 8 11
Lof i h'wh do ljch thi thao
Giai tri Mpo hiim Miin biin Sirc khde 28 18 33 19 26 47 40 15 14 9 10 10 14 13 7 11 11 7 6 19 7 6 4 26
Stf kifn 17 28 10 14 21 10 Bing 5. Svr khic bift v i thdH gian tham gia gifra 6 lo?! hinh DLTT
Thdi gian tham gia Thing 1 den thing 3 ThinK 4 din thing 6 Thing 7 din thing 9 Thing 10-uiing 12
Lof i hinh du Qcli thi thao
oh uin
50.4 22.9 14 1?
Giai tri 42 23 17 18
MpohOm Tl
8 9 11
MOn biin 23
19 48 11
Sue khde 42 24 18 16
Stfki^
46 21 13 20
W ^ H W^^W RaWP^* ^^^^9
Nhin ehung. ehi phi tham gia eic lofi hinh DLTT eiia du khich DLTT mfi hiim vi DLTT miin bien chiim gii trj cao nhit. khoang 2,3 trifu dong/lin tham gia. Ki tiip li nhdm DLTT dit lien, giii m vi sue khde. du khich ehi khoang 1.2 trifu ding/Ian tham gia. Thip nhat li chi phi tham gia lof i hinh DLTT sy kifn khi trung binh. cic du khich ehi ehi khoang 800 nghin ding,1in tham gia; mfc dii, thco thdng ki vi nghiin cihi trin thi gidi, lofi hinh DLTT sy kifn li lofi hinh thu hiit du khich tham gia vi ed tie ddng tucmg dii ldn din Sv khic bift vi chi phi tham gia cic lof i „ v^ j^j^^ ti dja phuang. Kit qui ey thi dupe hinh DLTT jrinh biy tfi bing 6.
B i n g 6. Svr khic bift v i chi phi tham gia gifra 6 lo^i hinh DLTT Leo nui l i mdn t h i thao thufc tofi hinh du ljch t h i thao
ntfo hiim dirvc nhiiu ngirdi ira thich
Chi phi (lO.OOOVND) Chi phi tham gia
Lofi hinh du ljch thi thao Dat lien
1,215
Giaitri 1,215
Mpo hiim 2,295
Miin biin 2,302
Siec khde 1,199
S if kifn 830
KITLUAN
1. Vc dii tupng tham gia DLTT: D6\ tupng tham gia DLTT d Thinh pho Hi Chi Minh khdng ding dcu vc lira tudi, gidi tinh, trinh dd hpc vin vi eie nginh nghi lao ddng. Cy thi, doi tupng tham gia DLTT li nam ddng ban nii. lira tuii phd bicn tir 18 tdi 25 tuii, nhdm ngudi dde thin chiim da sd. Trinh dd hpc \ an eiia nhdm tham gia DLTT chii ycu la eao ding, dfi hpc va sau dfi hpe. Nginh nghi ehii yiu ciia doi tupng tham gia DLTT li can bp edng chirc nhi nude, hpe sinh - sinh viin, kinh doanh ei the va eie nginh nghi khie vdi muc thu nhtip phd bien tii 2-5 triiu dong/ thing.
2. Thinh phd Hi Chl Minh tin tfi ca 6 lof i hinh DLTT, trong dd doi hrpng tham gia timg lofi hinh DLTT co sy khic nhau ding ki
mue dd, thdi giam vi ehi phi tham gia.
TAI LI^U THAM KHAO
1. Bone, V. (1995), Culture club. The Leisure Manager, 13 (4). 16-17.
2 Boniface, B. & Cooper, C. (1994), TTie Geography of Travel and Tourism, Oxford:
Buherworth - Heinemaim
3. Coakley, J. L. (1990), Sport in Society:
Issues and Controversies (4ih edn). St Louis, MO: Times Mirror/Mosby College Publishing.
4. Collins, M. F. (1991), The economics of sport and sports in the economy. Some international comparisons.
5. Nguyen Vin Dinh, "Phat tricn nguon nhin lye Viit Nam", www.baomoi.com
6. Tdng eye du ljch (1994), Quy hogch tdng the phdl trien Du Hch Hfi Sam 1995-2010, vc
nhan khiu hpc. dfc dicm nhdm dii hrpng,
(Bii n ^ ngiy 11/11/2013. phin btfn ngiy 14/1M013, duyil m ngiy 12/1/2014)
