KHOA HOC, CdNG NGH§ VA MOI TRUONG
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Trong san day tai xa Thing Long, nuyen i\inn Mon
Anii: N G U Y I N THUAN
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Q nhieu nam nay, huyen Kinh Mdn khdng chi dugc biet den la nai trdng nhilu hanh tdi ciia tinh Hal Duong ma cdn la nai ndi tieng vdi nghi trdng sin day mang lai hieu qua kinh te cao. Hay ndi dung hon, eay sin day la cay trdng truyin thdng eiia ndng dan huyen Kinh Mdn.Cach day khoang may chuc nam tmdc, ba con ndng dan da trdng loai cay nay nhung dien tich khdng Idn, khdng tap trung. Nhung nhung nam gan day, dien tich trdng sin day cua Kinh Mdn ngay cang dugc md rgng, dat dien tich tir 300 400ha/nam. Dien tich trdng tap trung d cac xa An Phu, Thugng Quan, Hoanh San, Hiep San va Hiep An chiem khoang 50% dien tich, sd cdn lai trdng rai rac d cac xa, thj tran trong huyen. Viec trdng
san day gid day khdng cdn la san xuat nhd le tai dja phuang ma mang tinh chat san xuat hang hda vdi trinh do tham canh cao.
Trao ddi vdi chung tdi, dng Nguyin Van Bien, Trudng phdng Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn huyen cho biet: Sin day la mgt loai cay d l trdng, khdng ken dat, ed the trdng tan dung d eac vLing dat: ven kenh muong, ao, rudng trung, trdng xen trong vimg, vudn chuyen ddi. Dat trdng san day thudng la dat trdng mdt vu liia, hoae la dat chuyen trdng sin day nhung cd xen canh vdi mgt sd loai cay rau mau khac nhu bau bi, mudp, rau cai...dat tan dung. Cay sin day thudng duge trdng 1 vu/nam. Nam 2011, dien tich trdng sin day tai huyen Kinh Mdn dat khoang hon 500 ha.
Ong Nguyin Difc NghTa, Chii tjeh UBND xa Thugng Quan cho biet: trong tdng dien tich dat ndng nghiep cCia xa la 343,52 ha thi cd den 75 ha dat trdng sin day. Nang suat, chat lugng sin day phu thudc rat nhieu vao trinh do tham canh, each sii dung phan bdn va phdng trif benh hai. Cay sin day cd the trdng tren mgi chan dat, song thich hgp nha't la dat thjt pha cat, dat phii sa ven sdng, neu la ehan dat la hoae tofdc dd la dat trdng cac eay rau mau ngIn ngay thi sin day se phat trien nhanh hon, cho lugng cii va tinh bdt nhilu han. Thugng Quan hien cd 8 thdn: Bo Ban, Trai Sin, La Xa, Thugng Xa, Vu Xa, Que LTnh, Khue Bich va Bai Mac thi tat ca 8 thdn diu trdng sin day, nhung trdng nhilu nhat la thdn Bai Mac. Tmdc day, dat d Bai Mac chi cay 2 vu lua, nang suat khdng cao, thu nhap tif cay Itia thap nen ba con da chuyen sang trdng sin day, chudi va mgt sd cay rau mau khac nhung sin day vIn la chu yeu.
Hau hit trong sd 240 hd ciia thdn diu da trdng sin day.
Dat trdng sin day dugc trdn diu vdi phan chudng, dam, lan, kali trudc khi dua vao u dat danh theo hinh ndn cut, mdi u khoang 2- 3 m^ dat, mat do trdng tif 14-16 u/sao, cac u each nhau 1,5m den 2m. Thdi vu trdng sin day tii thang 3 den thang 6 duong ljch hang nam. Lugng phan bdn Idt (theo kinh nghiem cCia ndng dan) cho 1 u khoang 100 kg phan chudng hoai muc, 10 kg supe lan, 3 kg dam ure va 3 kg Kaliclorua. Trdng 1 sao sin day can 30-32 chile egc tre dai 2,6 - 3 m, dudng kinh 6-8em va khoang 15 kg day thep de lam gian eho sin day leo, khi sin leo gan kin gian thi elm bd sung 25 - 30 cay dde dai 3,5 4 m, dudng kinh 3cm de chdng gian va tang kha nang quang hgp anh sang cho
TAP CHl' KHOA HOC, CONG NGHE & MOI TRUONG HAI DUONG So 6 * 12/2011 \
KHOA HOC,
C 6 N GNGK §ifiF'
san. Ngoai ra trong qua trinh trdng, ngudi trdng cdn tudi bdn thiic, tudi giOf am va phdng tni mdt sd sau benh hai.
Nang suat sin day tmng binh dat tif 55 60 kg/u, 1 sao cho thu tif 850 - 900 kg cii tuoi vdi gia ban tmng binh 7.500/kg, thu dugc 6,3 6,5 trieu ddng/sao. Nhilu gia dinh thu duge 80 kg/u, thu nhap 9 trieu ddng/sao. Vdi mifc thu dat binh quan 200-300 trieu ddng/ha trdng sin day, cao hon han so vdi cac loai cay trdnp khac tren dja ban huyen. Cu san day sau khi dugc thu hoach v l ed the dugc ban tuai, luge chin an hoae cd the nia, nghiln, Igc va say khd ehl biin thanh bdt sin day thuang pham ban ra thj tmdng. Nlu ehl biin cu sin day thanh bdt thi trung binh 5,5 6 kg eu san day se thu dugc 1kg bdt khd. Tinh hieu qua, mdi sao trdng sin day thu hoach trung binh 800-900kg san tuoi, tuong ling 1,8 ta bdt khd, ban vdi gia 90.000 -100.000 ddng/kg se thu dugc tren 16 trieu ddng/sao, eho 400 - 450 trieu ddng /I ha.
De viec che bien sin dugc thuan Igi, hien xa Thugng Quan da cd 12 hd gia dinh mua may nghiln.
Mdi gid may nghiln duge 1,5 - 2 ta cu tuai, nen tiet kiem dugc rat nhilu thdi gian so vdi lam thu cdng. Mudn bdt sin day ngon phai Igc sin eho that ky de loai bd hit tap chat.
Xa Thang Long cd gan 30 ha dien tich dat trdng sin day, nhilu hd gia dinh d day da tan dung dat ngoai de, dat vudn, dat bai de trdng sin day tang them ngudn thu. Ong Le Van Lgi, thdn Ben Thdn, xa Thang Long cho biet: Do thay nhilu gia dinh trong xa trdng sin day cho thu nhap cao, nam 2010 gia dinh dng da tan dung 4 sao dat vudn cdn trdng trdng sin day. Kit qua, sau 9 thang trdng da
eho thu hoach tren 800 kg/sao, vdi gia ban 6000d/kg (vao thdi diem gia thap) dng da thu duge hon 5 tri^u/sao. Vdi 4 sao vudn trdng san day n5m 2010 da dem lai eho gia dinh dng miic thu trin 20 trilu ddng. N§m 2011, ngoai vile trdng 4 sao hanh tai rudng bai dng vin tiep tyc trdng 4 sao sin day tai dit vudn. Trdng sin day, ngoai uu diem d l trdng, d l cham bdn, d l bao v$, ehi phi it edn tidn Igi eho chuyen djeh co cS'u cay trdng ddi vdi nhu'ng vimg chuyin ddi tCf rudng trung, dg chua cao.
Xa An PhM la noi chiem nhilu dien tich trdng sin day so vdi nhilu xa khac trong huyen, dng Luang Van Doan, can bd Van phdng Thdng ke ciia xa An Phu cho biet: xa An Phu cd 44 ha dien tich trdng sin day, tap tmng chu yeu d thdn Hul Tri cd 25 ha, edn lai rai rac d cac thdn An Lang, Phuang Luat, Ddng Ha, Co Tan, nha trdng nhilu nha't gan mgt mlu nha trdng it nhat cung khoang 2 sao. Ba con ndng dan trong xa ngoai viec cay lua, trdng hanh cdn tan dung dat bai, khu vuc ven sdng, khu chuyen ddi de trdng sin day mang lai thu nhap. Dien tich dat bai chuyen trdng sin day cd thdi gian trdng tCr thang 3 nam trudc din thang 1, thang 2 nam sau thu hoach, mgt phan dien tich dat trdng sin day xen canh vdi trdng cae loai rau mau nhu rau cai, dd, bau bi, mudp (tan dung gian sin day), ngoai ra ba con cung lay mdt phan dien tich nhd cay lua chiem luan canh vdi trdng sin day.
Gidng sin day la do ba eon ndng dan tu chilt hoae mua gidng tai mdt sd hd chuyen lam bau gidng, thdi gian chilt giam trong bau khoang tii 18-30 ngay. Khi eay phat trien leo len gian va bit dau tao eii thi ngifng bdn phan, tap trung tudi nude. Day cung la thdi ky
sau benh xua't hien nhu sau due than, rep vang. Neu khdng phat hign va phun thudc phdng tni kjp thdi thi cay se bj rung la va tan lui din tdi nang sua't cii tha'p. Kinh nghiem qua nhilu nam trdng va cham sde sin day, ba eon nong dan thudng thu hoach khi trong sin day dugc 9-12 thang, khdng thu hoach vao thdi diem mua phun, gid ddng vi khi che biin bot khd dgng, khd tach bgt.
Trdng sin day mang lai hieu qua kinh t l cao cho ba con nong dan, vi the dien tich trdng sin day ngay cang md rgng, san pham san day cua ndng dan Kinh Mdn vdi dac tinh bgt thom, mat dang trd thanh san pham hang hda khong chi dugc ngudi tieu dimg trong tinh ua dting ma cdn tieu thu rgng rai tai nhilu tinh thanh nhu: Ha Noi, Hai Phdng, Quang Ninh...
Tuy vay, mac du tilm nang kinh te tif viec trdng san day rat Idn song ba con ndng dan trong huyen thudng canh tac theo phuang phap tmyin thdng, chii yeu dua theo kinh nghiem tii cac quy trinh: chgn, nhan gidng, trdng, cham sde, thu hoach, che bien va bao quan ciia dja phuang ma chua ed su dau tu hgp ly, hudng din ky thuat mgt each khoa hgc nen cho nang suat, chat lugng cua san vIn cdn han che. Tmdc thuc trang tren, UBND huyen Kinh Mdn da cd ke hoach trong thdi gian tdi trien khai thuc hien De tai "Xay dung md hinh tham canh nang cao hieu qua san xua't sin day tren dja ban huyen
Kinh Mdn" nhim gdp phan nang cao hon nQa nang suat chat lugng, san lugng eay san day tren dja ban huyen, nang cao thu nhap cho ndng dan, day manh chuyen ddi co eau eay trdng tang gia trj thu nhap binh quan tren 1 don vj dien tich dat canh t a d
s N TAP CHi KHOA HOC, CONG NGHE & MOI TRUONG HAI DUONG So 6 * 12/2011
