Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
TRUC TAI VA THAP GIENG CUA CAC MO HAM LO SAU CO CONG SUAT LdN
In this paper, the authors provide an overview on the development history of the pit head frames together with hoisting equipment as well as their application to mineral mining activities at some countries on the world. Basing on the advantages from the analysis, the paper also propose opinions on the selection of proper hoisting equipment and pit head frame for high capacity coal mine Khe Cham II - IV.
TS. TRl/ONG Dirc DU • ^ . - KS. IRAN VAN YET v C KS.VU DAC DAT ' ' ' Vien Khoa hgc Cong nghe Mo-TKV
^ ^ ^ ^ i e n nay, tai Viet Nam,
< : ^ t / d o nhu cau san lu'dng than khai thac tang cao, va cac mo than ham 16 phai tien hanh khai thac d mifc sau nen cac du" an khai thac se phai lap cho cac mo ham 16 sau c6 cong suat ldn. Theo d6, thiet bj true tai va thap gieng cf cac mo sau, cdng suat I6n dt/dc Ilia chon c6 nhu'ng dac diem khac so vdi thiet bj true tai va thap gieng thong thu'dng d cac mo ndng va sau vifa nhif mo Mdng Duong hay mo Ha Lam.
Bai viet nay se cung cap cac thong tin giai thich ve sU thay doi khac biet nay.
Thap gieng mo ia cong trinh tren mat mo, difdc xay ddng tren khu vifc mieng 16 gieng difng, nham lap dat cac puli cCia cd cau true tai mo hoac trifc tie'p phue vu lap dat thiet bi true tai mo. Vdi muc tieu tren, thap gieng phai tie'p nhan cac ifng lUc xua't hien khi cac cd eau true tai lam viee va truyen eae ifng life do xud'ng de mong eCia thap. Ngoai ra, thap gieng e6n thue hien them mot so chifc nang khae nhU eae ed eau d6 tai do'i v6i eae skip va thung cui, cac cd eau tay dam, rung lae, khi dUdc true tai trong cae thung true va cac dudng d i n phue vu eho cac thung true tai va eae cd ca'u khae...
Trong thdi ky dau eCia qua trinh phat trien nganh eong nghiep khai khoang, khi eae khoang san c6 ich dUdc khai thac ham 16 ci cac mifc nong, eae thap gieng dUde ke't eau bang gd (the ky 19). Khi chieu sau khai thae va sUe nang tai cua eae thung true mo (skip) tang len, eae thap gieng bang gd dUde thay the bang eae thap gieng eo ke't eau thep (hinh 1a). Cac thap gieng bang thep dUdc xay dung pho bie'n tai cae nu6e tren the gidi cung nhu tai Lien X6 (eu) trong nhung nam thuoc thap nien 40 ciia the ky trudc.
TUdng ifng vdi cac thap gieng thep nay, may true thudng su"
dung loai tang tru eo it cap true va bd' tri may true tren mat da't. Hien nay, vdi tie'n bo ky thuat cua vat lieu ke't eau, cac thap gieng thep eua mo c6 do sau vUa eo the suf dung ket eau betdng cot thep (hinh 1 b) va may true van dUdc bd tri tren mat da't. _ .,
Thap gieng thong thudng eho eae gieng mo ndng va sau vUa CO dang 4 ehan (hinh 1).
Chieu eao eua thap c6 the dat de'n 60 met va ldn hdn. Loai thap gieng nay dUdc ca'u tao bcti cac phan: dinh thap, gia
Hinh 1- Thap gieng va bo trf may true a mo ham Id nong va sau vua
KHCNM SO 5/2010* CNKT HAM LO
k T h o n g tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo
thap, chan ehdng nghieng va khung ty. Cd eau nay dam bao cho thap gieng e6 do on djnh can thiet khi phai ehiu cae Cfng luc keo cua eae cap true tai.
Ddi vdi loai thap kieu 4 chan thi gia thap la phan ehiu tai cung vdi chan chdng nghieng do may true bo tri tren mat da't c6 day cap true nghieng gdc de thdng qua puli d dinh thap.
Trong may chuc nam trd lai day, do ehieu sau va eong suat khai thac mo tang len rat Idn, nen tai Bi, CHLB Difc, Nam Phi, Lien Xd (cu) ... da phai chuyen sang sCf dung cac loai may true tai nhieu cap.
Dong thdi vdi thay ddi tCf may true it cap sang sCr dung may true nhieu cap thi hinh dang, ket cau cua thap gieng cung phai thay doi phu hdp, theo dd da ra ddi eae thap gieng dUde ket ca'u bang thep hoac betdng ed't thep cd dang hinh tru va may true nhieu cap dUde dat tren dinh thap (hinh 2b). 6 Lien Xd (eu), tif nam 1957 tai cac mo than va quang ed do sau khai thae va cdng sua't mo Idn da sCf dung cac thie't bi true tai loai tang ma sat dat tren thap gieng nhU tai cae mo "Gigan - Glubokaia (mo Ldn - Sau)", mo
"Can ve", mo "Binh Minh" v.v. CO chieu eao thap dao dong tif 72 ^ 99,6 m. Cu the tai gieng difng ciia mo "Gigan - Glubokaia" thap gieng ed ki'eh thudc 21,0x28,5 m, cao 96 m; mo "Le Nin" va "Can ve" thap gieng c6 kich thudc 19,5x22,5 m, cao 99,6 m. Ngay nay, do chieu
sau khai thac tang, cong suat mo Idn, nen b nU6c ngoai da chuyen sang suf dung may true tai tang ma sat dat true tie'p tren thap.
Tong quan ljch sCf phat then cac loai may true it cap va nhieu cap eung nhU cac loai thap gieng tUdng ifng c6 may true dat tren mat da't va may true dat tren dinh thap neu tren ma nganh mo the gidi da ap dung eho tha'y true tai va cae ke't eau thap gieng mo da rat phat trien va tren con dudng khai thac xudng sau cua eae mo ham Id Viet Nam se nghien cifu Cfng dung cae tie'n bp ky thuat true tai gieng nay. Tuy nhien, luan cif khoa hoe cua qua trinh phat trien tren day nhu the nao, la van de can dUde lam ro.
Hien nay tren the gidi dang SlJ' dung 2 loai may true de
Hinh 2 - Thap gieng va may true bd tri tren dinh thap 6mo ham Id sau co cong suat Idn
true tai tai cac gieng difng la may true tang tru (dat tren mat dat) va may true tang ma sat (dat tren thap gieng).
May true tang tru (loai dan hoac kep - hinh 3a): khi may true lam viec, tang quay 1 day cap dUde quan vao tang keo cija thung c6 tai tif day gieng di len, dong thdi day cap thif 2 quan vao tang theo chieu ngUdc lai nen nha khoi tang de thung khong tai tU mieng gieng di xudng day gieng. Qua trinh nhu tren, may true da thUc hien dUdc 1 chu ky lam viee. Chu ky thif 2 se lap lai nhu tren.
Vdi may true tang tru, do tai trong tac dung len 1 sdi cap, nen khi mo sau va cd edng sua't Idn, yeu cau thung skip ed kich thUdc va trong lUdng Idn, dan de'n dudng kinh 1 sdi cap phai Idn va may true can dong ed, kieh thude tang rat
Idn. Viec ehe tao cac thiet bj true tang tru rat idn de dap ifng yeu cau van tai neu tren rat khd thuc hien va chi phi che tao Idn; dong thdi de phu hdp thi nha true eung phai c6 kich thudc Idn nen chi phi xay dung cao. TU van de ky thuat neu tren nen loai may true tang tru thudng ehi dung thich ifng vdi nhCfng mo nong hoac ed chieu sau vifa. Vi du tai Viet Nam d cac mo khai thong bang gieng dCfng CO ehieu sau va cdng sua't nho de'n vifa nhU mo Mong DUdng tdi mCfc - 100, cong sua't 900.000 ta'n/nam; mo Ha Lam tdi mCfe -300, cdng sua't 2.400.000 ta'n/nam da sCf dung cac loai may true
KHCNM s o 5/2010* CNKT HAM LO
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
Tang tru ddn
tang tru.
Tang tru kep Tang ma sat K; ! , n u r ' 6 ; l e a p Hinh 3-30 dd may true theo dang tang eudn cap
Trong tinh toan true tai gieng chfnh, ngudi ta da tdng ke't va dua ra khuyen cao:
- Khi the tieh thung skip
<20 m^ chon may true tang tru 1 cap.
- Khi the tieh thung skip >
20 m^ chon may true tang ma sat nhieu cap.
md than Khe Khi ehieu sau va edng suat
md Idn, ngudi ta ehuyen sang SLf dung loai thie't bi true khac - may true tang ma sat.
May true tang ma sat (hinh 3b): khae vdi may true tai tang tru la moi day cap ed 2 dau day ndi vdi 2 thung true va day cap vdng qua tang. SU truyen dong tu tang sang cap nhd ma sat giCfa tang va cap. True tai tang ma sat cd the suf dung 1 cap hoac nhieu cap, thdng thudng sCf dung loai nhieu cap.
Vdi may true tang ma sat, tai trong tae dung dUdc chia deu len nhieu sdi cap, nen ehi can dudng kinh cap nho, theo dd dudng kfnh tang va kfeh thudc may true nho. Do vay, viec che tao may true tang ma sat de dang, ddn gian va ed chi phf nho hdn nhieu so vdi ehe tao may true tang tru khi phuc vu cung mot dieu kien gieng mo sau, edng suat true tai Idn. Vdi kha nang va tfnh nang ky thuat neu tren, d cac gieng mo sau, cong suat Idn ngudi ta thudng suf dung may true tang ma sat nhieu cap (4 cap, 8 cap, 12 cap...).
Cu the d Cham I I - I V :
- Khi chon may true tang tru : khdi lUdng 1 met cap se la 22,7 kg/m; dudng kfnh cap dK= 104 mm; dudng kfnh tang may true D=104x80 = 8320 mm.
- Khi chpn may true tang ma sat: khdi lUdng 1 met cap se la 7,68 kg/m; dudng kfnh cap dK=44 mm; dudng kfnh tang may true 0=44x95=4180 mm.
Mdt Uu diem khae la do kfeh thude va trpng lUdng eua loai may true tang ma sat nhd hdn rat nhieu so vdi loai may true tang tru trong eung dieu kien edng sua't va ehieu sau true tai, nen eho phep bd trf may true true tie'p tren thap gieng. Khi bd trf may true tren thap gieng se phat huy lUe true tai theo phUdng t h i n g
dCfng, loai trU khang lue day ngang vao thap gieng (xay ra khi SLf dung may true tang tru dat tren mat dat, ed dudng cap nghieng tdi puli true 6 thap gieng), nen khdng can ed cac ed ca'u ehdng day Tang ma sat ngang nhu chan
nhieu cap chdng nghieng, cac dam thap gieng dat may true tang ma sat ed dang hinh tru, dam bao dp dn djnh cao va hieu sua't true tai Idn.
Thap gieng dang hinh tru cdn cd Uu diem phu hdp vdi cac mat bang cd dien tfch chat hep.
Chieu cao cua thap gieng phu thudc vao vi trf dd tai, kfeh thude dai cua thung skip, gia tdc true... Do vay, vdi cae gieng md sau cdng sua't idn thi ehieu cao thap gieng Idn (bat ke thap gieng dd dung cho may true dat tren mat da't hay dat tren thap).
Hien nay Vien Khoa hpe Cdng nghe Md -TKV dang phdi hdp vdi Vien Thiet ke mo GIPROSAKHT (LB Nga) lap du an khai thac md than ham Id Khe Cham ll-IV. Gieng md cd ehieu sau Idn (gan 600 m), edng suat md cao (3,5 trieu ta'n/nam va ed kha nang tang len 7,0 -^ 8,0 trieu tan/nam ne'u hdp nha't 3 md thupe khoang sang than Khe Cham d dudi mCfc -350 m). Do vay, viec lUa chpn may true tai tang ma sat LI,lU-5x4 dat tren thap gieng hinh tru eao 115 m la hdp ly./.
KHCNM s o 5/2010* CNKT HAM LO
