From the connotation and nature of ecotourism, this article uses the external theory to analyze the external diseconomy in the development of ecotourism. Thus, the government should play a leading role in the development of ecotourism to undertake the necessary intervention and regulation of the ecotourism.
The definition of eco-tourism
The external analysis of eco-tourism 1 External theory
Non-ecological behavior in the scenic spots of ecotourism causes environmental pollution in the scenic spots of ecotourism, deterioration of the quality of the landscape and eventually causes a decline in the overall attractiveness of the tourist destinations, which will reduce the value of tourism. So much abandoned and haphazardly accumulated waste in the tourist area has destroyed the natural landscape, polluted the water in the attractions and brought eutrophication to the water in the tourist areas.
The strategies and measures of eco-tourism environmental protection 1 Establish the strict examination and approval system of scientific demonstration
In order to ensure the effectiveness and quality of environmental management, we must handle the relationship between the government and the market well, and rationally divide the jurisdiction and scope of the role between the two. At present, Chinese ecotourism areas are mostly changing based on the original nature reserves, forest parks and scenic areas at all levels, with typical characteristics of fragmentation in the management system.
Conclusion
The tourism industry in Malaysia is in the process of development and the service sector is the main driver towards its growth. In Malaysia, the tourism industry has been identified as the main driver of service sector growth (Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister's Department, Malaysia, http;//www.epu.jpm.my).
Methodology
To date, no studies have been conducted to investigate the turnover rate of kitchen staff or head chef in the kitchen of many hotels. This study focuses on the relationship between the chef in charge of the kitchen and his/her lower level kitchen staff and the effects it has on the turnover rate of the kitchen staff as a whole.
Findings
In relation to the literature, many studies regarding employee turnover have mainly focused on other industries, and turnover studies carried out in the restaurant industry have largely focused on management, service staff, theme park, hotel staff as a whole and part-time. or hourly employees.
Results
Discussions
Another aspect that appears to play a large role in kitchen staff turnover is the length of time they have been in the industry. This particular study found that the relationship between the supervisor and the kitchen staff is an important aspect in reducing the turnover rate in the kitchen, so the findings agree that while monetary benefits appear to be an important aspect in job satisfaction, it is definitely not the only aspect that an organization should look at in declining turnover.
Conclusions
In the 1980s and 1990s, tourism and associated development in Petra increased greatly, as did the number of visitors to the site. There are some potential economic, sociocultural and environmental negative impacts that threaten the future of the site in the absence of a sustainable management plan for the site.
Tourism Impacts
Commercialization of Bedouin culture was one of the results caused by the great interest of tourists in Petra region; this would affect the stand of the Bedul tribe in Petra as well as the 'Ammarin tribe in Baidah (5 km north of Petra), tribesmen were aware of the tourist attraction of the traditional Bedouin tent, so they started to set up their own camps where they built refreshment stalls, women also started selling different Bedouin items to tourists. Another impact is seen in the change of values, the young Bedul try to imitate Westerners in dress and manners, although these Westerners are seen as corrupt with negative values such as alcoholism and illicit relationships, indicating a kind of confusion about the values of the West and the strong points of ties with the Bedouin culture by some of the local residents.
Local and International Efforts to Reduce Negative Tourism Impacts in Petra
Also sexual relations of local adults with tourists, however, there are some long-term marriage relationships (one of the most famous marriage stories was that of Marguerite van Geldermalsen, a tourist from New Zealand who came to Petra in 1978, at which time she met Mohammad Abdullah, a resident from Petra, they married and had 3 children, she became a widow in 2002 and then moved to Sydney, she published her story in her famous book "Married to a Bedouin" in 2006). Petra in these plans, such as those of relocation and rural development, the aspect of their perceptions of tourism development was not one of the basic issues to be addressed, a fact that raises the need to focus on the perceived benefits and causes problems through tourism for these residents, including capacity building involving them and all other stakeholders.
Understanding the Perceptions of Local Community of Petra about Tourism Impacts
Another commented that most of the conservation takes place in the Treasury and Museum areas, some of these respondents hope for more efforts to improve the cleanliness and conservation of the site. It was observed that 22 respondents agreed with the fact that tourism contributes to the breakdown of the family, but not to the increase in the number of divorces; they justify this by the willingness of some male family members to have girlfriends (mainly American and European tourists).
Discussion and Conclusion
This paper investigates community perceptions of the economic and environmental impacts of tourism in Shiraz, Iran. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the community's perceptions of the economic and environmental impacts of tourism.
Study area
To date, very little research has examined residents' perceived impacts of tourism on local communities in Iran (Zamani-Farahani & Musa, 2008). In one case, communities in Shiraz, Iran have never been surveyed by such.
Literature review
The environmental impacts of tourism on the community can take the form of the quality of the physical environment and access to these resources in which the positive environmental impacts of tourism on a community (Liu et al., 1987; Mason, 2003). In contrast, the negative environmental impacts that are often highlighted include litter, overcrowding, traffic congestion as well as water and land pollution along with the deterioration of natural resources as a result of the construction of tourist services, such as the construction of hotels (Liu et. al. , 1987; Mason, 2003).
Research methodology
The data collection process in this research involved a variety of methods which included collection of data in the field through questionnaires, FGD and use of secondary data and information. Five FGDs were planned in the new district and also five FGDs in the old district.
Results
FGD participants were selected from the local community in the old and new areas of Shiraz. In accordance with the findings, the data in this study showed high concern for the tourism process among the residents of the communities.
Conclusion
These include positive impact on socio-economic development in rural areas, development of social capital as well as increasing the quality of life among participants in the homestay programme. The tourism industry in Malaysia has become more important in the era of globalization in the 21st century.
Literature Review
The study by Hall (2001) found that homestay programs also contribute to the care and preservation of the environment through the control of logging activities that can affect river water pollution.
Methodology
Section A consists of demographic factors such as gender, age, marital status, level of education, length of time working as a live-in participant, monthly income, housing, land and transportation ownership status.
Findings and Discussions 1 Demographic Profiles
The influence of quality of life determinants on host family satisfaction. For example, the level of general well-being according to the determinants with an average of 1.75.
Literature review
Author: Kobi Cohen-Hattab (2004) Historical Research and Analysis of Tourism: The Case of the Tourist-Historical City of Jerusalem Studies of tourist-historical cities often rely on evolutionary models, which describe the development of tourism in historic cities. The article will do all this by tracing the origins and flourishing of tourism in Jerusalem - one of the world's most famous tourist-historical cities - during the time of the British Mandate.
The problem of the study
Among these models stand out: Ashworth and Tunbridge's model of the touristic-historical city; models of development of the central tourist district; Model of functional spaces of a tourist town; and the accommodation services model. The article tries to prove that the use of such models without simultaneously studying the roots and development of tourism in these cities from a historical perspective will provide only a partial and occasionally inaccurate picture of the birth, development and unique character of a tourist-historical city.
Study questions
South Wales, Australia, in relation to tourism and discusses the influence of institutional history on how tourism is treated in this country. Moreover, given the fact that tourism is a widespread and dynamic phenomenon that touches many aspects of the human urban experience – social and political, environmental, economic, etc. - probing the roots and rise of tourism in historical cities can also shed light on various characteristics that, characteristic of historical cities, stimulated their final transformation into tourist-historical cities.
The importance of the study
Type of study and its methodology
The data collection tool and procedure for validity and reliability
Hypotheses
Analysis and hypotheses testing
There is no statistically significant relationship between the existence of the maintenance and restoration of historical and religious archaeological sites in Madaba and their role in tourist attraction. From this result, the hypothesis is accepted which says "There is no statistically significant relationship between the existence of the maintenance and restoration of historical and religious archaeological sites in Madaba and their role in tourist attraction".
Results
To test this hypothesis, the researcher calculated the arithmetic mean and standard deviation of the ratings of the members of the study sample on the items related to the sixth hypothesis, the t-test was used for one sample for testing the hypothesis to examine the existence of a difference between the ratings of sample regarding the existence of maintenance and restoration of historical and religious archaeological sites in Madaba and their role in tourist attraction, and the average extent of the response to the questionnaire questions. From table (13) it is shown that there is a statistically significant difference in the arithmetic means of the Ratings of the categories covered by the study regarding variable price tourism programs as requested by the customer in Jordan and their role in tourist attraction, and the average extent of response, according to the calculated value of t which is equal to (-1.386) and is statistically insignificant at the significance level of 0.05 or less.
Recommendations
Arithmetic mean, standard deviation and degree of approval of members of the study sample on the points of existence of historical and religious archaeological sites in Madaba and their role in the process of tourist attraction. Arithmetic mean, standard deviation and degree of approval of members of the study sample on the existence issues of maintenance and restoration of historical and religious archaeological sites in Madaba.
Objective of the Paper
In 2008, the Department of Statistics [DOS] conducted for the first time a survey covering Jordanian households that toured within the country during that particular year, the survey revealed characteristics, trends, preferences and trips. The data show that the total expenditure by local tourists has reached 61.4 million JD, while the total income of tourism in the country is 2,088.3 million JD, which shows that the contribution of this market to the total income benefited from tourism is at the minimum levels.
Problems Facing Domestic Tourism Worldwide
Other factors that influence the size of domestic tourism are: the wealth of the tourist-generating country in terms of tourism resources, the size and distribution of the population, the proximity of other countries, the size and number of geopolitical divisions, the degree of national pride of the local community and restrictions on travel visa authorization (McKercher 2000). Most of these factors apply to Jordan, making domestic tourism low compared to both inbound and outbound tourism; this will be discussed in the following sections of this document.
Tourism Attractions and Markets in Jordan
In 2008, the total number of domestic tours in Ajloun's government reached 44,000 trips; 51.6% of these trips were for recreation and 48.4% for other purposes. Domestic trips in Ma'an Governorate totaled 19,000 trips, 46.1% of these trips were for recreation and 53.9% for other purposes.
Problems Facing Domestic Tourism in Jordan
92.2% of domestic trips were to the city and pine forests, and 7.8% to Ajloun Castle. Karak Governorate had a total of 34,000 domestic trips; 38.1% of these trips were for recreational purposes and 61.9% for other purposes.
Conclusions
Peace through domestic tourism and tourism rights: Inclusion of Muslim ethnic minorities in the context of social tourism. One of the most important issues in the permanent progress of an organization or any business is the human resources involved in the business.
The Importance of Empowerment
Empowered Human Recourses Functions
The Objectives of Tourism Industry
Winning Customers’ Satisfaction in Tourist Environments
Provision of Optimum Services to Tourists
Enhancing Job Satisfaction
Teamwork and the Feeling of Belonging to the Organization
Innovation and Creativity at Work
Problem Solving
If staff are not trained and empowered to overcome difficult situations, they tend to whitewash the problems instead of solving them and this will definitely discourage the situation and put organizations at risk. Constant growth and sustainable progress in the tourism industry can only be achieved by creative and competent personnel, just like in any other industry.
Authorization
Conclusion
Due to the potential of host families for additional income and employment within the community, more participants are motivated and encouraged to run the host family program. The Malaysian government had provided a specific fund through the Ministry of Culture, Arts and Tourism to assist in the growth and expansion of the Homestay program.
Problem Statement
This gives them choice of accommodation and flexibility in terms of travel time (Chan et.al, 2004). Therefore, it has significantly strengthened the economy of the communities involved in certain Homestay locations and also helped in the development of rural communities (Ibrahim et.al, 2004).
Significance of the Study
Since 1995, the Homestay program has gained a lot of popularity and has become a good tool to promote rural tourism. Therefore, this research can identify the challenges faced by Homestay operators in particular and the community in general.
Related Literature 1 Homestay Operation
Community involvement is considered to be extremely essential in the success of the Homestay, in addition to the Homestay operator itself. Therefore, community involvement is very crucial to ensure the sustainability and success of the Homestay program.
Methodology
The development of the Homestay program was seen as attractive and moving in the right direction for the benefit of the local community. There are many challenges that affect the effectiveness of the Homestay program and each can vary from one community to another.
Findings of the Study
Sometimes a passive community is seen as an internal challenge to developing a homestay program because community members have become too dependent on a government agency that overlooks their homestay program. Lack of exposure and understanding of the tourism business has also hindered the progress of Homestay development.
Discussion and Conclusion
Weakness in creating a smart collaboration or networking between stakeholders can also become the external shortcoming of the Homestay program. In this regard, ecotourism has become one of the tourist's favorite tourist activities.
The Needs of Ecotourism in Sustainable Tourism
However, the sustainability can only be achieved if they really adopt the practices of ecotourism. With the growing concern about the negative impacts of the ecotourism industry, it is imperative to follow sustainable tourism guidelines.
Discussion
The tourism industry in Sichuan Province is still open to improvement, and the international tourism income is open to increase. In addition, Yin Shulu et al also investigated the influential factors affecting China's inbound tourism income.
Selection of economic variables
Thus, full-time employees in the tertiary industry in Sichuan Province are also selected as an influential factor affecting international tourism income. Therefore, expanding and increasing the mileage of civil aviation coordination is an important factor for accelerating the development of the international tourism industry.
Model specification
In recent years, the expansion of civil aviation in Sichuan province has been put into action rapidly. Where, Yt stands for international tourism revenue in Sichuan province in year 2.
Parameter estimation and test
X1 for the number of international tourists, X2 for the total number of international star hotels, X3 for the total number of scenic spots above the provincial level in Sichuan Province, X4 for full-time salaried workers in the tertiary industry in Sichuan Province, X5 for mileage of highway stretch, X6 for civil aviation stretch mileage, X7 for rail stretch mileage, and X8 is GDP per capita. In order for the model estimation to be accurate and more applicable in practice, we used Frish synthesis analysis to calculate the regression of Y on X1ǃ ǃ ǃ ǃ ǃ ǃ ǃ ǃX2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8.
Conclusions and suggestions
The purpose of this study is to investigate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of tourism development in Khon Kaen. The SWOT analysis of tourism development in Khon Kaen that we conducted is shown below in Table 1.
Conclusion
Therefore, an assessment of the past and recent positioning of ecotourism destinations is an essential undertaking. This paper, therefore, aims to evaluate how ecotourism placemaking evolved from the past to the current Tasik Chini Biosphere Reserve (TCBR).
Pratiwi et al.'s study on rural ecotourism posits the two formal and informal ways of making a destination into a place (Pratiwi et al., 2010). It is also clear that placemaking from a tourism perspective has been getting more attention recently, especially in terms of the insights into the real meanings of their experiences.
Methods 1 Study Area
From the perspective of the host, place-making is usually the construction of attractions that local communities can display and offer. From the guests' perspective, on the other hand, place-making often means the construction of a place that tourists want to experience and see.
Results and Discussions
In the late 1980s, the DARA, a regional development agency, undertook a study aimed at promoting Tasik Chini as one of the tourism destinations. The concept was successfully incorporated into the report of the Commission on Sustainable Development in 1999.
This intervention is critical as most of the poor families in the poor rural areas cannot afford to pay school fees for their children. SWOT Analysis of Religious Tourism in the Roi Kaen Sarn Sin Cluster of Northeast Thailand.
Objective
The Roi Kaen Sarn Sin (RKSS) cluster was established through the Thai government's strategies in 2003 for four provinces: Roi Et, Khon Kaen, Mahasarakham and Kalasin. However, this study of the clusters was conducted based on the following questions: What are the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for tourism in the Roi Kaen Sarn Sin (RKSS) cluster area.
Literature Review 1 Tourism Elements
Nevertheless, this result can be further developed to improve and strengthen religious tourism in the future. Tourism in this area is unique, especially in terms of cultural and natural attractions such as Phra That Kham Kaen Monastery, Pueai Noi Castle, National Museum of Khon Kaen Province, Phra That Na Dun Monastery (Mahasarakham) Prang Ku, Ku Ka Sing, Phra Maha Chedi Chai Mongkol Pagoda (Roi Et), Kalasin City Museum, Phu Por Phra Monastery and Phra That Ya Coo Monastery (Kalasin).
Research Methodology
Parque nacionalni Phu Pha Man, parque nacional Phu Wiang, jez Ubonrat (Khon Kaen), parque de gozdni Ko Sum Pee, Pa Doon Pan Lum (Mahasarakham), ribnik Plan Chai, parque de gozdni Pha Nam Yoi (Roy Walo), muzej dinosaurov Sirindhorn, Dam ti Lam Pao idiay Laem Non Wiset (Kalasin).
Results and Discussions
SWOT Analysis of Religious Tourism Resource Elements in RKSS Provincial Cluster Strength Weakness. Tourism elements of religious tourism in the RKSS cluster include 1) attractions, 2) accessibility, 3) accommodation, 4) safety, 5) activities that support tourism, and 6) social issues.
Results and discussion
The average scores of perceptions of the respondents (Table 3) indicate that there is no participation of the local community in park management. Mann-Whitney test (Table 3) shows that (i) local people can freely share their knowledge and opinions about steps/arrangements in service delivery, and (ii) park management provides technical support to the local people who want to improve their skills in for the provision of ecotourism have differences in meaning in relation to their participation in park management.
Conclusions
However, some local people work in the national park for the tourist services. Park administration shares their latest information with the local population for the development of BNP.
The Development of Eco-Tourism Products
Generally, a geopark is under the jurisdiction of the federal government and the local authorities (Farsani et al., 2011). In turn, the development of geotourism can further contribute to the growth of the local economy, improve support for local communities and protect and promote geoheritage sites.
Tourism Product Satisfaction and Tourist Preference
Tourists' perception of a particular product usually depends on individual needs, preferences, expectations and motivation (Kelly et al., 2007). Tourist preference is usually related to individual decision making, which is a complex process with several interrelated elements (Hsu et al., 2009).
Attraction and Development of Kilim Geopark, Langkawi
Tourist preference is particularly influenced by the size of the tour group, the purpose of the trip, length of stay, location and type of accommodation, as well as the activities undertaken during the visit (Kelly et al., 2007). Thus, tourist preference is defined as the behavior of selecting the most desirable product from a range of choices, being influenced by individual motivation (Tran & Ralston, 2006; Decrop, 2000; Hsu et al., 2009).
Research Methodology
The development of tourism in Kilim started with the initiatives taken by the Kilim Community Cooperative Society (KCCS). The cooperative also acts as an intermediary with the local authorities for tourism development issues in the area.
Analysis
As can be seen, all the products in Kilim Geopark (except Crocodile Cave) achieved a significance level of p<0.01. Significant differences were found between the services offered in Kilim Geopark, as indicated at the p<0.05 level.
Discussion
The study reveals that there is a significant positive attitude among tourists. level of satisfaction and their propensity to purchase tourist products offered by Geopark Kilim. The present study provided an in-depth understanding of the level of tourist satisfaction regarding the tourism products offered by the Kilim Geopark.
Conclusion
Briefly, geology is the study of the structure (ie, rocks, minerals, and physical structure) of a particular region. Satisfied tourists can indirectly promote their experience of the natural beauty of geoparks to other tourists.
Introduction
All the above types of tourism are abundant in virtually every one of the thirty-six (36) states in Nigeria (Eja et al., 2012). This is one of Mary Slesso's greatest achievements, as contained in the 2006 Nigeria Tourism Development Master Plan.
Challenges of Tourism Sector in Nigeria
Investment and Incentives: The Enabling Environment
The author has attempted to x-ray some of the potentials and challenges of tourism development in Nigeria with a view to exploring the power of poverty alleviation in tourism development for overall benefits to the people. Towards the Implementation of the Nigerian Cultural Policy for the Promotion of Culture in Nigeria.
Objectives
However, Khon Kaen faces many problems, such as traffic jams and a lack of public transport (Economic Intelligence Center, 2014). Good public transport is very important for Khon Kaen due to poor public transport and traffic jams, which are an obstacle for both local residents and tourists visiting Khon Kaen (Kantawateera et al., 2014).
Literature Review
However, Khon Kaen has several problems related to tourism and transportation, as shown in Table 1. There are no city buses in Khon Kaen; there are only minibuses (a car with two rows of seats and a roof over the cabin).
Discussion
Establish an electric bus line that can transport passengers to the bus station, airport and tourist attractions around Khon Kaen. In addition, tourist destinations in Khon Kaen need not only improved public transport, but also public facilities, such as toilets and walkways for the elderly, in all tourist attractions with clear signs in Thai and English.
Conclusion
One of the simplest models using the life cycle process was provided by Christaller (1993). The aim of the study is to identify the psychographic group of travelers at each stage of Malaysian tourism development.
Plog’s Applied to Malaysia Destination
This idea was to demonstrate to the private sector the profitable nature of the tourism industry. 1 State Government Funded Educational Institution for Higher Professional Training under the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation "Volgograd State Medical University", Russia.
Methods
Results
Jerusalem), Sheba Medical Center Tel-Ha Shoher (Ranat Gan) and the Sourasky Medical Center at Ichilov Hospital (Tel Aviv), centers of medical tourism. American Medical Association has established a list of medical tourism principles to be followed by all participants in this market.
Discussions
They must understand the principles and operation of the tourism industry, the organization of health systems in different countries, as well as insurance and health care financing, international legal and legal aspects of the provision of health services and, last but not least, the management of the quality of health services. The main stream of medical tourists go abroad for treatment alone, finding the necessary clinic on the Internet on the advice of their acquaintances.
Conclusions
In particular, we would like to point out the increase in the share of households that rent rooms to lodgers (2 times) and tourists (for 20%). These results are associated with the decrease in the average number of tourists who led rooms per household: tourists - for 12%, relatives - for 7%.
