Giao due cong dan toan cau
qua mon Ljeh sii va Dja li cap Tieu hpc
Nguyen Tuyet Nga', Nguyen Hong Lien^
I Email. [email protected] ' Email; hongli Vien Khoa hoc Giao 101, Tran Hung
due Viet Nam I, Hoan Kiem, H^
TOM TAT: ChUdng trinh mdn Lich sif vi Dia li cap Tieu hoc mdi baa gSm cic m^ch ndi dung cd bin, thiet yeu ve dia li, Ijeh sd eija dia phuang, visng mien, dat nude Viet Nam, cae nudc ling gieng vi mgt s6 net cd ban vS dia li, lich sd the gidi. Bdn canh do, ehuang trinh edn duge tich hgp vdi met so ndi dung van hda, xa hgi, eic van de ve bio ve mdi trudng, giio due gia tri nhin vin,...
Vdi die diem do, mdn Lich sif va Dia li cap Tieu hoc co nhieu cd hdi dS cung cap cho hoc sinh nhQng nhan thde ve cie van de toin ciu, phit trien kTnang, nang ldc cung nhu giao due thii do, gia tri eCia cdng din toan cau. Bai viet chi ra nhQng ed hdi tieh hap vi dinh hudng phUdng phap, dinh gii trong giae due cdng din toan ciu thdng qua men hge.
Tii KHOA: Cong dan toan cau; giao due cong dan toan cau; mon Ljeh SIJT va Dja li; tieu hoc.
• * Nhgn bai 07/7/2019 - • NhSn ket qua phan bien va chlnh sila 20/8/2019 -> Duyet dang 25/9/2019
1. Dat van de
Vcri qua trinii toan cau Iioa ngay cang mania me va su pliu tliuoc lan nliau giQa cac quoc gia, cac cgng dong tren (he giai, thuat ngii "cong dan toan cau" (CDTC) (global citizenship), duac dua ra nhir mgt y tucmg rang mgi ngirai deu CO quyen va trach nhiem cong dan di kem voi viec tra tfianh mpt thanh vien cua the giai rong Ion, ben canh la cong dan cua mgt quoc gia cu the. CDTC dong vai tro tich cue trong cong dong ciia hg va cimg vai nhijtig nguai Idiac lam cho hanh tinh ciia chung ta binh dang, cong bang va ben vimg han.
Trong b6i canh do, giao due (GD) CDTC" (Global Cti- zenship Education), dugc nhieu to chuc va quoc gia quan tam, UNESCO coi day la mgt chien luge cua chuong trinh GD. 0 Viet Nam, vai cam ket thuc hien cac muc tieu phat trien ben vimg ciia UNESCO va muc tieu quoc gia ve GD theo Nghi quyet s6 29-NQ/TW la "Chuyen manh qua trinh GD tli chii yeu trang bi kien thtic sang phat trien toan dien nang lire va pham chat nguoi hoc", viec nghien ciru va thirc liien GD CDTC tra nen c§p thi§t. Tiep theo mgt so bai bao ve GD CDTC, bai viet nay de cap den nhimg dinh hucmg ve GD CDTC trong mon Lich sii' va Dia li cap Tieu hgc.
Bdi viit nam trong khuon kho Be tai "Nghien eu'U ve CDTC Viet Nam " thugc Chwffng trinh Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe cap Quoc gia giai dogn 2016 - 2019 "Nghien cmt phdt trien khoa hoc GD ddp urtgyeu cdu doi m&i can bdn, toan difn GD VietNam".
2. Npi dung n g h i e n CL^U
2.1, Cong dan toan cau va giao due cong dan toan cau Theo UNESCO, quy6n CDTC dg cap d8n f thiic thuoc vg mgt cgng dong rong Ion han va nhan loai chung cua cong dan. No nhan manh su phu thugc lan nhau ve chinh tri, kinli te, xa hpi, van hoa va sir ket noi giira dia phuang, quoc gia
va toan cau (UNESCO, 2015). GD CDTC nham muc dich bien doi, xay dimg kien thirc, kT nang, gia tri va thai do ma nguoi hgc can de co the dong gop cho mgt the giai hoa binh, cong bang va toan dien hem vai cac khia canh cot loi la: Nhan thuc, cam xiic xa hpi va hanh vi. Ba khia canh nay lam ca sa dg xae dinh muc tieu GD CDTC, muc tieu hpc tap ciing nhu cac uu tign vg danh gia ket qua hpc tap (xem Hinh 1).
Theo nhom nghien ciiu, quan nigm CDTC Viet Nam la nguai: Co kha nang hanh dgng hpp tac, co trach nhiem, sang tao giai quyet nhirng van de chung cua cgng dong, gop phin lam cho dia phuang, dat nuoc, the gioi tot dep va phat trign bgn viing; Giao tigp, thich img trong nhijng moi tnrong van hoa khae nhau, moi trucmg da van hoa; Ton trpng quyen con nguai, sir da dang; tran trpng, phat huy nhirng gia trj van hoa cua dan tgc, dat nuac minh d6ng thoi CO y thiic hoc hoi nhung dnh hoa van hoa ciia cac dan tgc, qu6c gia khae. Cu thg, muc tieu cila GD CDTC Viet Nam huong den phat trign hpc sinh (HS) co nhan thirc, kT nang, nang luc, thai do va gia tri nhir sau:
Ve nhan thiJc:
- Higu bigt vg cac vSn dg mang tinh toan can (nhu 6 nhigm moi truang, nguy ca can kiet cac ngu6n tai nguygn thien nhign; Doi ngheo va dich benh, sue khoe cgng dong;
Cac vin dg vg dan chii, cong bSng xa hgi, binh dang giai;
Cac vSn dg ve xung dot va bao luc; Bao ve hoa binh tren thg giai...).
- Hieu bigt vg m6i quan he gdn ka, tuang tac va pliu thuoc Iln nhau giua cac vSn dg cua cac cgng dong a cac cap dp dia phuang, dat nuac va toan can.
- Higu biet vg su da dang van hoa cua cac dan toe, quoc gia.
Ve kl nang, nang lye:
- Tu nhan thirc vg ban than (ca tinh, dnh cam, mong muon, gia tri s6ng...; xae dinh vi tri/vai tro cua ban than
So 21thang 9/2019 87
O i c k h t a c ^ n h c S t i a i
Cac ket qui hpc tap d l u ra o5t loi
- Ngir*i hoc hinh dSng hiSu
aia phirons. quae «!" "^ Mi"
d u vl iii«tth(gl«l hba binh vi bgn vOng hcffl
- NEirW h9C phit trl6n dSns Itfc v i sin sing t h ^ hign cic hinhil«n|!ianthl«t
//i/i/; 7; Cdc khia canh cdt loi de xdc dinh muc tieu GD CDTC trong cflng dong (o' cac cap dp khae nhau nhu a dia phuong,
qu6c gia va toan c§.u)).
- Phan tich vg nhiing van de mang tinh toan cau; Nhan ra, danh gia, phan bien cac quan diem khae nhau ve nhirng van de mang tinh toan cau.
- Giao tiep, hpp tae trong moi truang da van hoa, vai ban be quoc tg.
- Thich ling trong tinh huong mai, trong moi truang mdi khae biet vg van hoa, xa hpi.
- Hpp tac giai quygt van dg thuc tign (phat hien, tham gia giai quyet van de thuc tien cua cgng dong, mang lai Ipi ich cho cpng dong a cap dp dia phucmg, quoc gia va toan can, giai quyet cac xung dot).
- Sir dung ngoai ngir trong giao dep, hgc tap.
- Sir dung cong nghg thong tin, dac biet la intemet (trong hgc tap, giao tiep,...).
V^ thai do va gia trj:
- Yeu nirac, que huang, gia dinh.
- Ygu thuang con nguai, quan tam, dong cam, chia se, doan ket voi nguai khae.
- Ton trgng su khae biet giira mgi nguoi va sir da dang van hoa.
- T6n trong cac gia tri vg hoa binh, dan chu, cong bSng xa hgi, binh ding gidi; Ton trpng va ung hg thirc hien quyen tre em, quyen con nguai.
- Tran trpng, phat huy va hpc hoi cac gia tri van hoa ciia dan tpe va ciia cac qu6e gia tren thg giai.
- Quan tam tdi moi truang song (co y thiic bao ve va cai thien moi truang song).
- Co trach nhiem, tich cue va sin sang tham gia cac hoat dpng CO ich cho cgng d6ng d cap do dia phuong, quoc gia va loan cau.
2.2. Giao due cong dan toan cau qua mon Ljcti %\i va Oja li cap Tieu hpc trong OiiTting trinh Giao due pho thong mdi (ban hanli nam 2018)
2.2.1. Cd hpi ve giao due cong dan toan cau qua mon Ljeh sil va Dja li
Mon Lich sir vit Dia li cap Tieu hpc eo nhieu ca hgi gdp phan GD CDTC. Digu do dugc the hien nhu sau.
- Chuang trinh nhan manh den viec giiip cho HS nhan thirc dugc mpt so van de vg: 6 nhilm moi trudng va bign doi khi hau; Cac van de xung dot, bao lire, bao vg hoa binh;
Su da dang van hda, ton trgng su da dang va khae biet.
Chuang trinh dong thdi ciing nhan manh cac gia tri, truyen thflng kgt ndi con ngudi Viet Nam, mgt sd nln van minh tren the gidi, mpt s6 vSn de ma nhan loai dang ddi mat.
- Chuang trinh di theo cac mach npi dung tir dia phuang va cac viing mien cua Viet Nam va thi gidi. Do do, HS se CO ca hgi duge higu bigt cac vdn dg tii cip do dia phuang, vimg, dat nudc va toan ch\x.
Ocdp do dia phucmg, HS dupc dm hilu vl thjen nhien va con nguoi, lich su va van hda truyin thdng dia phuong, HS se CO hieu biet ve mot sd vin dg cua dja phuang, dac biet van de mdi trudng.
Ocap do cdc vung (Trung du va miln nui B§c Bd Dong bang Bac Bp, Duyen hai miln Trung, Tay Nguygn, Nam Bg): HS duoc tim hieu ve sir da dang van hda, dan tpe cua cac vimg mien tren dat nudc Viet Nam. Ben canh do tren ca sd tim hilu vl tu nhien, ldi sdng cua cu dan, HS duac higu bilt thgm vl cac vin dl mdi trudng, van hda ma mdi vimg mien dang ddi mat.
O cdp do quoc gia (Dat nudc va con ngudi Viet Nam)- HS dupe tim higu vg thien nhign, con ngudi, van hd I li
B8 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
si Vigt Nam, trong dd HS cd ca hgi dupc hilu bilt cac v3n dg v6 v5n hoa, hoa binh (cac cugc chiln tranh gianh va bao v^ dgc lap dan tgc), mdi trudng d pham vi quoc gia.
O cdp do thi gi&i: HS cd ca hdi dugc tim higu ve van hoa, con ngudi, m^t sd net vl lich sir ciia mpt sd qudc gia tren thi gidi: Trung Qudc, Lao, Campuchia, cac qudc gia Dong Nam A, Ai Cap, Hi Lap, qua do HS se nhan thirc dugc su da dang van hda, lich sir la tSt ylu va tdn trpng su da dang vl van hoa, lich sii cua timg quoc gia, khu vuc. HS Cling dupc tim hilu vl cac chiing tgc trgn the gidi va bilt
B^ng 1 : Ma tran tich hdp GD CDTC trong mon Ljeh sd v a Dja li
mum
Lap 4
img xir phu hgp dl the hien su tdn trpng sir khae biet chung tpe. Chuang trinh cd mpt mach ndi dung vl Chung tay xay dung thg gidi, trong dd hai van dl chinh dugc dua ra la:
Xay dung the gidi xanh - sach - dep va Xay dung thg gidi hoa binh. Qua do, HS cd nh&ng nhan thiic diy dii hon vl van de d nhilm mdi tnidng, bien doi khi hau, chiln tranh va hda binh.
2.2.2. Ma tran tich hdp giao due cong dan toan cau trong mon Ljeh s t f v a f l i a l i (xem Bang 1)
Muc tlcu GD CDTC hMng Her qua chu (S
Oia - The hien diJdc tinh cSm vdl dia phi/ong v& san sang hSnh phifdng dong b&o ve mDi tnidng xung quanh.
em - Md ta mdt so net ve van hoa (Vi du: Nha fl, trang phuc, tap quin, le hdi, trang phuc. am thifc,...) ciia dia phddng.
- Nhan thi3c dddc mat sd van de ve mol trudng d (^a phUflng.
- Hieu biet ve sU da dang van hoa.
- HdP tSc giai quyet van de thuc tien dia phUdng.
-Yeu que hddng.
- Quan tam den moi trudng song.
- Trong boi c i n h toan cau, chu y tdi vi6c giii gin nft van hoa dia phifdng
- GlLip HS hieu dUdc v i n de d dia phUdng nhif: bien del khi hau, o nhiem mOi tnJdng, da dang van hda ddng thdi cilng la cac van de cua quoc gia, toan cau- Tfung du - flua ra dudc mdt so biSn phi p bao ve thien nhien va
va mien phong chong thien tai d viing trung du va mien nui Bac Bp.
nui Bac - Ke dUdc mot so c i c h thde khai thae tif nhien (Vi du: Lam Bo mdng bac ttiang, x i y ddng cSe cdng trinh thiiy dien, khai
thae khoang s a n , . . . ) .
- M6 tti mdt sd nSl v^ van hda ciia cac dan tdc d viing Tmng du v i mien ndi Bac Bg fVi du: Le hdi Gau Tao, hat Then, mua xde Thai, l l hgi Long Tong, chd phien vung cao,...).
Doig bang - Difa ra dddc mdt sd bign phap bao ve thien nhien d vung Bac BO dong bang Bac Bd.
- Md t i mdt sd net ve van hda d lang que vung dflng bang Bac Bd.
Duyen - Oe xuat duflc d miic dd ddn g l i n mdt so bign phap phdng hai miSn chong thien tai d vung duyen h i i mi§n Tmng.
Tmng - Neu dddc mgt so hoat dong kmh te bien dyiing duyen hai mien Tmng (lam muoi, danh bat va nuoi trong hai san, du lich bien, giao thong dddng bidn,...).
- xae dinh cac di san van hda the gidl 6 vung duyen hai mien Tmng.
- Trinh bay mdt so diem ndi bat ve van hda ciia vung duyen hai mien Tmng, cd sd dung tu lieu (tranh cinh, cau chuyen,...).
- Md ta dudc mdt so cong trinh kien tnic tieu bleu d pho cd Hpl An.
- Hieu biet ve cac van Se mang tinh toan cau nhu nguy cd can kiet ve tai nguyen thien nhien.
- Nhan ra moi quan he gida dieu kien td nhien va hoat dong san xuat cua con ngifdi.
- Hieu biet ve sd da dang van hda gida cac vung mien.
• Oe xuat phildng an giai quyet van de thifc t i l n d cac vung mien - Quan tam tdi mdl tnidng song - Tran trpng gia tri cQa viec dau tranh giiJ gin hda binh va tdn trpng gia tri van hoa cua cac dan tdc.
- Can chu y de nang cao nhan thiic eua HS ve tiem nang phat trien kinh te va van de vlec tam cua mdl vung mien dat nildc.
- Giup HS hieu dddc can khai thae hdp li cac ngudn lai nguyen thien nhien de phat trien ben vQng. oay khdng chi la van de eua tifng vung mien ma cdn la van de ciia qudc gia va toan cau.
Tay - Oda ra diJde mflt sd bien phap bao ve rdng d Tay Nguyen.
Nguyen - Trinh b i y ddde mdt sd hoat ddng kinh te chii yeu d vung Tay Nguyen (Vi du: Trdng cay cong nghiep, ehan nudi gia sue, phittrien thuy dien,...).
- fJeu difdc tmyen thdng d l u tranh yeu niJdc va each mang Clia ddng bao Tay Nguyen, cd sif dung mpt sd tif iieu, tranh anh, cau chuyen lich sir ve anh hung Nup, NTrang Ldng, Can Ljeh,...
- Mo ta dddc mpt s6 n i t chinh ve van hda eiia cac dan tdc d vung Tay Nguyen.
- IWd ta ddde nhiing net chinh v l l l hpi cong chieng Tay Nguygn.
So 21 thang 9/2019 89
Y6u cau can ffal trong chi/dng trinh c6 cd ho! GD CDTC Wluc tieu GD CDTC hUdng den Ltfu j khi thtfc hien qua chil de
Nam Bd - Neu dUde anh hudng ciia mol tnfdng thign nhien den san xuat va smh hoat cua ngudi dan vung Nam Bp - Trinh bay dddc mdt so hoat ddng san xuat ciia ngudi dgn d VLing Nam Bd (Vi du: San xuat lua, nudi trdng thiiy san,...).
- Ngu ddde truyen thdng dau tranh yeu nude va cach mang CLia dong bao Nam Bo, cd sd dung mdt sd tu lieu, tranh anh. cau chuyen lich sd ve mpt sd nhan vat tieu bieu eua Nam Bo nhu TrUdng Djnh, Nguyen Trung Tnic, Nguyen Thj Oinh, ..
- Md ta dddc mdt sd net van hda tieu bleu (nha d, cha n6i, ) Ldp 5
Oat nifdc - Difa ra mflt sd bign phap bao ve tai nguyen thien nhien va va con phdng chong thien tai
ngifdl Viet - Nhan xet dUdc sU phan bd dan cil chUa hdp ii d Vi^t Nam, Nam e6 sir dung tranh anh, b i l u dd hogc bang so lieu.
- Nhan xet diTdc sd gia tang dan so d Viet Nam va mdt sd hau qua do gia tang dan sd nhanh, cd sd dung tranh anh.
bieu do hoae bang sd lieu.
- Trinh bay dUdc cong cude bao ve chii quyen, cac quyen va Idl ich hdp phap ciia Viet Nam d Bien Ddng trong lich sif, CO sil dung mot so tif lieu, tranh anh, eau chuyen Hen quan (Hai ddi Hoang Sa, L l khao le the linh Hoang Sa, ).
- Hieu biet v l eae v5n d l mang tinh toan eau nhd nguy cd can kiet ve tai nguyen thign nhien, v i n de dan sS va dl cil, xung ddt va hda binh.
- D l xuat phUdng an giai q u y l t van de thuc tmn.
- Quan tam tdi mdi trddng song - Tdn trong gia trj van hoa cua cac dan tdc.
Can chu y de nang eao nhan thifc ciia HS ve hau qua do gia tang dan sd nhanh khdng chi tac dpng d i n sd phat trien ciia tilng qudc gia ma con tac dpng den sil phat trien toan cau.
Nhu'ng qudc gia d l u tien tren lanh thd Viet
Nam
- Hieu biet ve sd da dang van hda - Lifu y bo sung mdt so net van ciia cac dan tdc. hda ciia cif dan Van Lang - Au - Ton trong sif da dang van hoa. Lac, Cham-pa, Phu Nam.
Xay dung - Tdm tat difdc cac cuoc khdi nghla va khang chien gianh, va bao ve gio Soc lap dan tdc
dat nifdc - Neu difdc mdt sd thanh tuu kinh te - xa hoi ciia dat ndde vg hda binh.
Vigt Nam Viet Nam trong thdi ki doi mdi co sil dung tu ligu iich sit - Hieu biet ve sU phat trien kinh te (tranh anh, cau chuyen,...), ciia dat ndde
- Ton trong ban sac van hda dan tpe
Hieu biet ve cac van de hda - Ldu y bo sung mdt so net van binh va xung ddt, dau tranh bao hoa tieu bleu ciia dan tde qua c i c
thdi ki.
cac nildc - Tim hieu va md ta dUdc mot so cdng trinh tieu bieu ciia lang gieng Trung Qudc (Van li trudng thanh, Cd cung Bac Kmh,...).
- Tim hieu va md ta dUdc mdt sd cong trinh tieu bilu ciia Lao (That Luong, Cach dong Chum, Co dd Luang Prabang,..,) - Tim hieu va md ta dildc mdt sd cdng trtnh tieu bieu ciia Cam-pu-ehia (Angi(or Wat, Angkor Thorn, Tifpng dai cac chien SI tinh nguyen VietNam,,,,).
Tim hieu - Tim hieu va md ta dUdc mdt so thanh tUu tigu bleu ciia thegidi van minh Al Cap (Kim tu thap, dong hd mat trdi,.^.),
- Tim hieu va md ta dildc mpt sd thanh tUu tigu bieu ve kien true, digu k h k , .. ciia van minh Hi Lap,
- Hieu biet ve sU da dang van - Lifu y GD thai dp ton trong sif hda, lich sif ciia cac dan toe, da dang van hda va gia trj van - Tran trong gia tn van hda ciia hda ciia e i c quoc gia tren the cac quoc gia gidi
Chung tay xay ddng
- SO dung kien thOc lich sil, dia li ket hdp vdi mdt sd td ligu (tranh anh, cau chuyen,.,,), liet keva trinh bay mdt sd van d i moi trddng (VI du: Thien tai, bien ddi khi hau, suy giam tai nguyen thien nhien. o nhiem moi tnidng, ..), - Oe xuat dUdc d mifc do ddn gian mdt sd bien phap de xay tiling the gidi xanh - sach - dep.
- t h i hien difdc si/ quae tam de'n van de mdi tnfdng tren the gidl qua htnh thde ve tranh, viet thd,. .
- Sif dung mdt so to lieu (tranh i n h , mdt sd cau chuyen ve ddng vi nhOng dieu tot dep cho Lien higp quoc, tmyen thuyet v l chim bd cau va canh olive, cdng dong.
phong trao ehd thap dd, the van hdi Olympic, ), trinh bay dude mong udc va cd gang ciia nhan loai trong viec xay
dOng mdt the gidl hda binh ^ _ ' Hieu biet va phan tich, phan
bien van de toan cau nhu: 0 nhilm moi trddng, sd dung hdp li nguon tai nguyen, bao ve hda binh.
- Hdp tac giai quyet van de thde t l l n .
- Cd trach nhiem, san sang hanh
LOu y gan ket cac van de toan cau vdi cac van d l ciia dia phifdng.
90 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VET NAM
2.2.3. Djnh iiifdng id ciiulc day fioG va danti gia giao due Khi thuc hifn GD CDTC, chn chu y tdi cac dinh hudng sau: "Dinh hu&ng todn cau " va "chd y hdnh dgng thuc nin, thay doi tich ciec ". Chn y tdi "dinh hucmg todn cdu "
latdchuccachoatdOnghoc tap trong ddHS tim higu, trao dli, phan tich, phan bidn cac van de mang tinh toan cau, phan tich nhiing moi quan \xk tae dong, phu thuQc lan nhau giira cac v§n de (Vi du, phat trien kinh te va moi trudng cr ding dja phuang; Tiing vung miln (Ldp 4) hay tung quflc gia (Ldp 5), ...), giiia nhiing van de ciia dia phuang va toan ciu, khia canh toan cau ciia vin dg dja phuang (Vi du, cac van dg ve 6 nhigm mdi trudng, da dang van lioa (Ldp 4),...)...; Kham pha cac van dg dja phuong tii quan diem toan cau; Tao ca hoi cho cac em trai nghigm hpc tap trong cac bdi canh da dang, tuang tac xa hgi trong cac nhdm d cac pham vi khae nhau bao gdm trong ldp hpc, hoat dpng toan trudng va trong cdng ddng va vupt ra ngoai dia phuang, quoc gia; Cd ca hoi giao tigp hay hgp lac vdi nhiing ngudi cd sd thich, hiing thii, tii cac ngn van hoa khae nhau... Qua do, GD cho cac em y thiie tdn trgng SIT da dang, khae biet. Chii y tdi "hdnh dgng thuc tien, thay ddi tich cue" la khuygn khich HS, bat dau tir nhiing hanh dgng nhd, tao ra nhiing thay ddi tich cue ciia ban thSn va cho ngudi khae; GD cho cac em long nhan ai, y thiic trach nhiem qua cac hanh dgng; xay dung ket ndi dia phuang - toan clu; Giiip HS higu vi sao hanh dgng ciia cac em lai tac dgng tdi thg gidi; Tao ca hgi cho mgi HS tham gia ra quygt dinh d cap do nha trudng. (Vi du, khi thuc hien cac ngi dung ciia chii dg "Chung tay xay dung thg gidi" (Ldp 5), giao vign can hudng dgn td chiic cac hoat dpng trong do chii trgng dgn ddng gdp vao thuc tien d dja phuong, gop phan giai quyet van de toan cau, nhu chign dich thu gom rac thai (chai nhua, giay vun), chign dich giam thigu sii dung cac dd dung nhua (mang theo binh nirdc ca nhan, mang theo tin vai khi di mua do,...) nham gop phan giam thigu d nhiem mdi trudng).
Ve Id chicc dgy hgc mdn Lich sir vd Dia li, can nhan manh vao su da dang trong su dung phuong phap day hgc, uu lien day hgc giai quyet van de, day hgc theo du an, day hpc hpp tac nhdm nh§m phat huy kha nang tu hoc ciia HS, boi duong cac nang luc cdt loi, giiip HS van dung cac kien thiic, kl nang da dugc hgc vao cugc song. Vi du, klii thuc hien mach ndi dung "Dia phuong em" (Ldp 4), va "Chung tay xay dung thg gidi" (Ldp 5), khuygn khich cho HS thuc hien cac du an hgc tap gan vdi giai quyet cac van de thuc lien dia phuang va toan cau. Ben canh cac phuang phap neu tren, can tang cudng sir dung cac phuong phap: Ddng vai, xii li tinh hudng, tranh luan, digu tra, di thuc tg tai cac bao tang, di san qudc gia,...Khi su dung cac phuang phap day hoc, giao vign can tao co hgi cho HS:
- Kham pha the gidi (kham pha cac van de ciia dia phuong, toan cau, cac ngn van hda, ...). Nhan ra, danh gid cac quan diem va each nhin khae; Giao tiep, trao ddi cac y tudng; Hanh ddng.
- Cd ca hdi trai nghiem, giai quygt cac vin dg thuc tiln (tu duy toan cau, hanh dgng dia phuang), giitp cac em cd nhung higu biet vg cac vin de ctia cdng ddng, cd kT nang tim higu, phat hien van dg va giai quygt cac van dg, cilng nhu bdi dudng cho cac em y thirc thai do quan tam tdi ngudi khae, tdi cgng ddng - tu d mdi trudng xung quanh rdi md rdng hon
- Trinh bay, the hien quan diem cua minh. Vi du: Viet
"phan anh" trong dd HS the hien nhan thiic, quan digm, giiip cac em tu duy sau vg nhiing vin dg lien quan tdi CDTC (Vidu ve cac van de toan cau, ve cac ngn van hda khae...);
ddng vai, ddng kich, tidu pham: Giiip HS nhin nhan cac tinh hudng tir cae gdc canh khae nhau; ...
- Tuang tac qua thao luan va tranh luan. Cung cip cac co hdi cho ngudi hoc trao ddi, thao luan vg nhiing gi dugc hgc, nghien cuu, nhin va nghe thay, khuyen khich tu duy phe phan Clia cac em. Vi du, khi tign hanh day hge cac mach ngi dung ve cac vung mien ciia dat nudc (Ldp 4) va "Dat nudc va con ngudi Vigt Nam" (Ldp 5), khuyen khich td chirc cac hoat dong hgc tap trong dd HS tim higu, trao ddi, phan tich, phan bien cac van de mang tinh viing mien, dat nudc, phan tich nhiing mdi quan hg tac dgng, phu thugc lan nhau giira cac van dg digu kien tu nhien va hoat ddng san xuat, digu kien tu nhien va dac trung van hda.
- Tang cudng sir dung cong nghe thdng tin trong day va hgc: Gidp HS cd ca hdi giao tiep, hgp tac, giai quyet van de trong mdi trudng sd vdi su ho trg ctia cdng nghe thdng tin. Vi du, d cac mach ngi dung "Nhiing qudc gia dau den tren lanh thd Viet Nam", "Cac nudc lang gieng", "Tim higu thg gidi" (Ldp 5), tao ca hgi cho HS dugc su dung may tirdi va Intemet dg khai thae thdng tin, trao ddi va trinh bay san pham,...
Vg danh gia, HS se dugc danh gia thdng qua nhieu hinh thiic, bao gdm bai kidm tra, cac bai tap, san pham hgc tap, ddng vai, thao luan, phdng vin, bieu dien, danh gia kha nang van dung kign thu:c, kT nang cua HS vao cac tinh hudng cu thg. Nhiem vu danh gia cd the dua trgn ca nhan hoae nhdm. Viec su dung hinh thirc danh gia da dang de thu thap thdng tin vg cac ket qua hoc tap ciia HS giiip giao vien cd thg dua ra cac kgt luan cd gia tri va dang tin cay ve miie do dat dugc cac muc tigu GD CDTC. Tit ea cac danh gia dua ra phai dugc dat trong hoan canh cd y nghia. Bgn canh vigc giao vign danli gia HS, viec HS tu danh gia va danh gia ISn nhau dugc chii y ket hgp.
3. Ket luan
Bai vigt da chi ra mdt so ca hoi, dinh hudng GD CDTC trong chuang trinh mdn Lich sii va Dia li d cap Tieu hgc theo Chuang trinh GD phd thdng mdi. Tuy nhign, dg thuc hien mgt each hieu qua giao vign can dugc nang cao nhan thii'c vS cac vin de toan cau, higu bigt cua ban than vd CDTC, GD CDTC ciing nhu tang cudng bdi dudng ve phuong phap day hgc va danh gia HS.
Sd 21 thang 9/2019 91
Taili|u tham khao
[1 UNESCO, G. C. E, (2015), Topics and Leaming Objec- tives, In. UNESCO, Paris.
OXFAM, (2019), What is Global Citizenship?, trich din tir: https://www.oxfam.org.uk/education/who-we-are/
what-is-globai-citizenship (ngay truy cap: 3 - 10 - 2019).
UNESCO, Global Citizenship Education, trich din tir:
https;//en.unesco.org/thenies/gced (ngay truy cap: 3 - 1 0 -2019).
United Nations, Goal 4: Ensure inclusive anti quality ed- ucalionforallandpm„iotelifclo„gleani!"f;^"'"""'"'"
Development Goals, Retrieved from" hnp://www.un.org/
sustainabledevelopment/education/
Bo Giao due va Dao tao, (2018), Chicangtrinh giao due phd thdng: Mon Lich sic vd Dia II (cap Tieu hgc).
GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION IN TEACHING HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY AT PRIMARY LEVEL
Nguyen Tuyet Nga', Nguyen hlong Lien^
' Email' ntnga61@yahoo com.vn
= Email- hoiiglien2601@9mail com The Vietnam National Institite of Educationai Sciences 101 Tran Hung Dao, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
ABSTRACT: The new primary History and Geography curriculum includes basic content strands about geography and history of different regions in Vietnam, neighbouring countries as well as seme basic geographic and historical features of other countries all over the world. Besides, the contents ef cultural and social, environmental protection, andhuman values education are also integrated in this curriculum. With these characteristics, the History and Geography subjects at primary level provides opportunities for students ta get knowledge on global issues, equipping students to be global citizens. This article points out the chances of integration, and a number ef orientations on teaching method, and assessment of global citizenship education in teaching History and Geography at primary schools.
KEYWORDS: Global citizensliip; global citizenstiip education; History and Geography subjects; primary level.
92 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GiAO DUC VIET NAM
