LUAT PHAP VA THUC TIEN QUOC TE VE XAC DINH RANH GIOI NGOAI CUA THEM LUC DIA
C i c quy dinh phap ly ve xac djnh tanh gioi ngoai cua them luc dja
Bidu 76 Cdng udc Luit Bien ndm 1982 xdc djnh them lpc dja cda qude gia ven bien l i day biln va Idng d i t cda phan kio d i l ty nhidn cua lanh thd quic gia ven biin ddn mep ngoii cda ria Igc dja. Ndu ria lyc dja nhd hon 200 hdi ly kd td dudng co sd ddng d i tinh ehidu rdng lanh hdi tht thim lpc dja cda qudc gia ven bien id 200 hii ly. Niu ria lyc dja eda qude gia ven blln ring hon 200 hdi ly tinh td dudng eo sd ddng d l tinh ehidu ring lanh hii eda qudc gia ven biln thi qudc gia ven biin dd ed quyin md ring thim lye dja cda minh ra q u i 200 hii ly, nhung tdi da khdng q u i 350 h i i ly hoic khdng qud 100 hii ly k l td dudng dang sdu 2500m.
Cdc qudc gia ven bien cd t h i i p dung cae phuong thdo khdc nhau d l xae dinh ranh gidi ngodi eda thdm lyc dia qua 200 hai ly Id edng thuc 1 % b i ddy Idp d i trim tich hodc cdng thuc tdi da 60 hdi ly ngoii chdn ddc lyc dja. Ranh gidi ngodi niy dupc the hipn bing mot loat cic dopn thing ndi liin c i c dilm cd djnh cd tpa dd eg t h i v i khoing cich giua c i c dopn thing dd khdng dupc q u i 60 hdi ly.
D l xdc djnh ranh gidi ngoii them Ige dja qud 200 hdi ly, qudc gia ven biin phai npp Bdo cde lin Cly ban Ranh gidi them lue dja vdl d i y dd cic thdng tin do dpc khdo sit, khoa hpc, ky thudt theo Bdn hudng ddn eda Uy ban d i chdng minh thim Igc dja q u i 200 hdi ly cda minh. Cdc qudc gia ven biin cd the ty nOp Bdo cdo todn diin hodc Bio c i o tflng phin vd cung cd t h i phdi hpp vdi nhau trinh Bio c i o chung chp Cly ban. Thdi hpn d l qudc gia ven biln ndp
Bao cdo qudc gia la 10 ndm k l tu ngdy Cdng uoc Lupt Biln nam 1982 ed hidu lyc ddl vdi hp.
Riing ddi vdi cae qudc gia ven bien dd trd thdnh thanh vidn Cdng udc trudc ngiy 13-5-1999, trong dd cd Viet Nam, thi thdi han cudi cung dd nop Bao cao qudc gia l i ngiy 13-5-2009. Niu qudc gia ven bien khdng ndp Bio cde qude gia trong thdi hpn dd thi hp sd mit quydn md rdng them iyc dja ra q u i 200 hai ly.
Dya trdn co sd c i e khuyin nghi cda Oy ban, cac qudc gia ven biln sd quy djnh ranh gidi ngodi thim lyc dja eda minh v i ranh gldl dd cd tinh chat ring bupc cudi edng.
To chuc v i hoat ddng cfla Oy ban Ranh gidi them luc dja
Gdng udc Ludt Biln ndm 1982 quy djnh idp mdt CO quan mdi id Oy ban Ranh gidi thim igc dja vdi 21 dy viin. Cdc dy vien eda Oy ban dupc cae qudc gia thdnh vidn Cdng udc biu vdi nhiem ky 5 ndm vd sau dd hp cd the dupe biu lai. Cdc dy vidn hopt ddng vdl tu cich e i nhdn, nhung mpi khodn ehi phi cda hp khi Idm vipc ehe Oy ban Ranh gldl Thdm lyc dja hoan toin do qudc gia cu ngudi chju. Cie dy vidn cda Oy ban dupc hudng quy c h i cdc chuyen gia LHQ theo Cdng udc 1946 v i uu dai va miin tru cda LHQ. Chuc ndng chinh cda Oy ban Ranh gldl thdm Igc dja Id xem xet c i c sd lidu vd cdc thdng tin khdc do cdc qudc gia ven biln trinh Idn lidn quan ranh gidi ngodi cda thim lyc dja qud 200 h i i ly v i dua ra c i c khuyin nghj liin quan cho qudc gia ven biln. Ngoai ra, cdc dy vidn cda Oy ban dui^c phip cung c i p y kiin tu v i n v i khoa hpc v i ky thuit cho c i c qude gia ven biln trong qud trinh chuin bj bdo c i o qudc gia v i ranh
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gidi thdm luc dja qud 200 hai ly.
Sau khi qudc gia ven biln nop Bdo edo qude gia, Bae cdo qudc gia sd dupc dira vao chuong trinh nghj sy khda hpp g i n nhat cda Uy ban.
Theo Quy tdc thd tuc, cdc dy vidn cda Oy ban da giup mpt qudc gia ven bien chuan bi bde cdo se khdng duoc tham gia Tieu ban lien quan bdo cdo cda qude gia dd. Sau dd Uy ban hpp toin the d l xem xet v i bo phieu kin thdng qua cdc khuyen nghj do Tilu ban chuan bj bing da sd 2/3. Cie qudc gia nop B i o cdo dupc quyen tham du khi Oy ban xem xet Bdo c i o cda hp.
Oy ban sd chuyen cdc khuyen nghj eda minh che qude gia ven biln. Ndi dung c i c khuyin nghj da dang, cd t h i l i khuydn nghj ddng y vdi dudng ranh gidi ngoai do qudc gia ven bien trinh len, hodc khuyen nghj sda doi pham vi dudng ranh gidi, hoac khuyen nghj d l lai chua xem xet, hoac khuyin nghi trinh Bae cae mdi.
Ndu qude gia ven bien khdng ddng y vdi cdc khuyen nghj cda Oy ban thi ho ed quyen trinh Bdo cdo mdi hodc Bao cdo sda ddl.
Thuc tidn qudc t i xac djnh ranh gioi them luc dja qua 200 hai ly
Cudi ndm 2001, Nga ndp Bdo cao qudc gia vd ranh gidi them Ige dja qud 200 hdi ly d 4 khu vuc. Nam 2009 tien dp nop Bao cao qudc gia didn ra hdt sue khan truong vdi 34 Bao cao dupe ndp cho Uy ban Ranh gioi thdm lue dja.
Den ngdy 2 3 - 4 - 2 0 1 3 tdng cdng cd 65 Bdo eae duoc ndp cho Oy ban, trong dd khu vyc chdu A vd Thdi Binh Duong cd 22 B i o cao (Nhdt Ban, In-dd-nd-xia, Phi-lip-pin, Viet Nam, Mi-an-ma, An Od, Uc, Niu Di lan, Phl-gi, Trung Quoc, Han Qudc v.v...).
Phin 16n cdc qude gia ven biln (Phip, Anh, Md-hi-ed, Phi-llp-pln, In-dd-nd-xi-a, Vipt Nam, Y-d-men, Dan Mach, Phi-gi ..) nop Bdo eao tung phan d l dap ung duoc quy dinh ve thdi han 13-5-2009 va bao luu nuyen nop tier -.n Bao cao lidn quan ranh 7 - _ - - khdc sau ndy. Trong s"^
ndp nhieu Bao cao khac 5 Bao cdo, Anh nop s
2 Bao edo v.v...). Mdt sd nudc nhu -ga, Uc, Bra-xin, Nhit Ban, Ac-hen-ti-na nop Sao cap toin b i . V i Bdo c i o chung, cho ddn nay da ed 5 Bio c i o chung dupc trinh l i n Uy ban la Bdo cao Chung cda Phdp, Ai-len, Tdy Ban Nha vd Anh, Bdo cao ehung cda Md-rl-xo v i Xiy-sen, Bdo cdo chung cda Phdp vd Nam Phi, Bdo cdo Chung cda Ml-crd-ni-dia, Pa-pua Niu-Ghi-nd v i quan dao Xd-ld-mdng v i Bdo cao chung cda Vipt Nam vd Ma-lai-xi-a.
Phan Idn ranh gidi ngoii cua t h i m luc dja md rdng cda c i c qudc gia ven bien d i u dudi 350 hai ly. Ddi vdi mdt sd qude gia khic, phin Idn thim Igc dja md ring cda hp cung dudi 350 hai ly, nhung d mdt sd khu vuc nhit djnh lai dat gidi han 350 h i i ly. Chi mdt sd rat It qudc gia mo rdng pham vl thim Igc dja d i n trpn 350 hai ly.
Phan ldn cdc qudc gia khdng ndu cg the trong Bao c i o diin tich cda khu vyc thdm igc dja md rpng. M i t sd Bao c i o qudc gia khdc cd ndu r i dien tich khu vye t h i m lyc dia q u i 200 hai ly (Ml-crd-nd-dia, Pa-pua Niu Ghi nd v i X i - Id-mdng hode Bio c i o cda Bra-din, Pa-lau).
Sau khi Nhd nudc ta p h i chuin Cdng udc Ludt Blln ndm 1982 cdc co quan huu quan cua ta da khin truong trien khai nghidn cdu, khao sat t o i n diin ve tinh hinh dja chat, dja mao cda them lyc dja Viit Nam. Chlnh phd da cu mdt sd chuydn gia tham dy cde khda ddo tao do LHQ td ehdc tpi Bru-ndy vd Ma-lal-xla Hin quan vlec chuin bj xdy dyng Bdo cdo qude gia. Ddng thdi ta cung hpc hdi kinh nghiim cda c i e nudc dd cd sy chuan bj Idu ddi vd v i n de xdc djnh ranh gidi thdm luc dja.
Phd hpp vdi c i c quy djnh cda Cdng udc Luit Biln ndm 1982 va B i n hudng ddn v i khoa hpc, ky thuit cda Oy ban Ranh gidi them lyc dja, nude ta da xdy dyng B i o edo qudc gia ve khu vyc thim lyc dja phia B i c ( B i o c i o tung phan) va phdi hpp vdi Ma-lal-xi-a xay dyng Bdo cdo
;hu ig vd khu vyc phia Nam Biln Ddng vdi day '•'•n sd phdp ly qudc td vd khoa hpe, ky thudt.
. cong thdo dupc dp dyng d l xde dinh ranh
;t'- igoai cda t h i m lyc dja Id cdng thdc 60 hii
^.A
ly ngoii chan ddc thim lyc dja v i cdng thuc 1 % dp diy trim tich. Chilu d i i c i e doan thang xic djnh ranh gidi thim lyc dja d c i hai khu vyc co bin la 1,0 h i i ly, mdt sd doan khic d i i tdi 26, 45, 57 va 59 hii ly.
Ngiy 6-5-2009 Dgi diln Thudng true nude ta tgi LHQ v i Dai diln thudng trye Ma-lai-xia tgi LHQ da thay mat Chinh phii hai nudc ndp Bio cio chung cua Vipt Nam va Ma-Iai-xia v l ranh gidi ngoii thim lyc dja khu vyc phia Nam Biln Ddng. Tilp dd ngiy 7-5-2009 N h i nudc ta ndp tilp Bio cio qude gia v l ranh gidi ngoai thim
lyc dja cua Viet Nam (khu vyc phia Bic). Vipc nudc ta trinh Uy ban Ranh gidi thim lyc dja cic Bao c i o tren l i viec l i m binh thudng nhu nhilu qudc gia ven bien trong khu vyc Ddng Nam A cung nhu cac khu vuc khac da lim de thyc hiln quyin v i nghla vu ciia mdt qude gia thinh vien Cdng udc Luit Biln nim 1982. Bio c i o v l khu vyc phfa Bic khing djnh Viet Nam cd bd bien d i i hon 3260km, cd chu quyen ddi vdi hai quin dao Hoing Sa va Trudng Sa v i hon 3000 hdn dao d Biln Ddng /.
Luit gia Nguyen
CONG UOC CUA LIEN HOP QUOC VE LUAT BIEN
(Ky ket ngay 10 thing 12 n i m 1982)
DIEU 313. Viec sua ddi bang thu tuc don gian hda
Qua vin b i n gdi l l n cho Tdng thu ky U i n hpp qudc, mpi qudc gia thanh viln cd the d l nghi mit dilu sua ddi ddi vdi Cdng udc, khdng phii l i mOt dilu siia ddi nhim v i o c i c hogt ddng tiln hanh trong Vung, v i y i u c i u ring dilu sua ddl dd dupc thdng qua thep thu tuc don gian hda dupc tru djnh trong dilu niy, khdng cin tripu tip mpt hpi nghj d l xem x i t dilu sua ddi do. Tdng thu ky Liln hop qudc chuyin v i n bin dd cho tat e i c i c qudc gia thinh viln.
Nlu trong 12 thing sau ngiy ehuyen v i n bin niy, mdt qudc gia thinh vien cd y kiln phin ddi dilu siia ddi da dupc d l nghj hay phin ddi y kiln d l xuat nhim lim cho dilu siia ddi dd dupe thdng qua theo thD tue don gian hda, thi dilu siia ddi coi nhu bj b i c bd. Tdng thu ky Lien hop qudc thdng bao ngay vide dd cho tat c i cie qudc gia thinh viln.
Nlu 12 thing sau ngiy chuyin v i n b i n , khdng cd mdt qudc gia thanh viln n i o cd y kiln phin ddi dilu sua ddi da dupc d l xuit hay
phin ddi d l nghi nhim lim cho dilu dd duoe thdng qua theo thu tyc don glin hda, thi dilu siia ddi dupc d l xuat eoi nhu dupc chap thuin.
Tdng thu ky thdng b i o cho tat c i cic qudc gia thanh vien vile chap nhin dilu sda ddi da dupc d l xuit niy.
DI^U 314. Nhirng dieu sua ddi ddi vdi cic qui djnh cua Cdng udc chi lien quan den cac hoat dgng tiln hinh trong Vung
1. Qua biln ban gdi l l n Tong thu ky eiia Co quan quyin luc, mpi qude gia thinh vien cd t h i d l nghj mdt dilu siia ddi ddi vdi c i c qui djnh ciia Cdng udc chi lien quan den cac hoat ddng tien hinh trong Vung, k l c i c i e qui djnh eua Mye 4 thupc Phy lyc VI. Tdng thu ky gdi van ban niy cho tat e i cie qude gia thinh viln. Mdt khi Hdi ddng ehuan y, diem sua ddi dupe d l xuat phii duoc Dai hdi ddng ehuan y. Dai bilu ciia cic qude gia thinh viln cd toan quyin d l xem xet va thdng qua dilu siia ddi dupc d l xuit. Q^
nghj sda ddi, nhu da duoc Hdi ddng v i Dgi hpi ddng chuin y, coi nhu dupc chip thuin.
2. Trudc khi chuin y mdt dilu sua ddi theo
Thdng 5-2013
