38 9(ghien cdu - Trao doi
/ ^ / ^
VE PHAM VI DIEU CHINH VA KHAI NIEM VIEN CHLfC
THEO LUAT VIEN CHL/C NAM 2010
Nguyin Thj Thiiy' (*)
LTS: Ludt Vien ehdc ndm 2010 dd dugc Quoc hpi khda XII thdng qua vd cd hieu lUc td ngdy 01/0112012. Di bgn doc hiiu ro han ve Lugt Vien ehdc ndm 2010, Tgp chi Khoa hqc chinh tri gidi thieu bdi viit cua thac si Nguyen Thi Thuy (gidng vien khoa Nhd nUdc vd Phdp lugt, Hqc vien Chinh tri - Hdnh chinh khu vUc II).
lap lenh Can bd, cdng chftc nam 1998 dupe thay the bdi Luat Cdn bd, cdng chftc nam 2008 va Ludt Vidn chftc nam 2010. Ludt Vign chftc ndm 2010 gdm cd 6 chUdng vdi 62 dilu, trong dd tap trung quy dinh nhftng van dl cd ban nhU: Quyln vd nghia vu cua vien chftc; TuyIn dung, sft dung vign chftc; Quan ly vien chftc; Khen thudng vd xft ly vi pham vign chftc. Luat Vien chftc dupe Qud'c hdi khda XII thdng qua vao ky hpp thft 8, se cd hieu lUc tft ngay 01/01/2012.
Trdi qua cdc thdi ky lich sft cua phdp luat Viet Nam tft nam 1945 de'n nay, Nha nUdc da cd nhilu van ban phdp luat quy dinh vl can bd, cdng chftc va vien chftc.
'ThS.Luathpc.HocvienChinhtri-Hanhchinh khu viTc li, Hoc vien CT-HCQG Ho Chi Minh
Tuy nhien, ddy la l i n diu tidn nhftng van d l v l cdn bd, cdng chftc va vidn chftc dupe quy dinh cu the vd cd ban rd rang trong cdc van ban luat. Dilu nay khdng chi la dau mdc quan trpng trong hch sft lap phdp cua Viet Nam, ma cdn Id bftdc hodn thien he thdng phdp luat ve cdn bd, cdng chftc vd vidn chftc. Tinh ddc thu gifta can bd, cdng chftc vd vien chftc dftpc phan biet rd, gdp p h i n quan trpng vao viec ndng cao hieu qua hoat ddng cua he thd'ng vidn chftc vd'n di rat phftc tap d Viet Nam. D l nhan thftc dftng ve Luat Vidn chftc nam 2010, chftng tdi dl cap de'n hai van d l : Pham vi dilu chinh cua Ludt va khdi niem "vign chftc"
1. P h a m vi d i e u chinh ciia Lu|it Pham vi dilu chinh cua Luat bao gdm cac quy dinh v l vign chftc, vide tuyIn dung, sft dung vd qudn ly vien
Khoa hoc chinh tri - So 5/2011
"Hghien cdu ^ Trao doi 39
chftc; Nhftng quyln va nghia vu cua vign chftc va cdc dilu kien bdo dam viec thUc hien nhiem vu cua vign chftc trong cac
ddn vi su nghigp cdng lap.
Vdi cdch xdc dinh tren, hilu theo ddi tftdng dilu chinh cua Ludt thi vign chftc la nhftng ngUdi 1dm viec trong cdc ddn vi sft nghigp cdng lap. Dilu nay de chung ta phdn biet gifta nhftng ngUdi dang lam viec trong ede ddn vi sU nghiep cdng vdi nhftng ngudi dang lam vide trong cdc cd quan nhd nUdc.
Vl ddn vi sU nghigp cdng, Khoan 1 Dilu 9, Luat Vidn chftc nam 2010 quy dinh: "Ddn vi sU nghiep cdng lap la td chftc do cd quan cd tham quyln cua Nha nude, td chftc chinh tri, td chftc chinh tri xa hdi thdnh lap theo quy dinh cua phdp luat, ed tu cdch phdp nhdn, cung cap dich vu cdng, phuc vu quan ly nha nUdc"
Nhu vdy, theo cdch hilu cua Ludt, cdc ddn vi sU nghigp cdng lap la mdt ylu td ciu thdnh cP cau td chftc cua cdc cd quan nha nUdc, trong dd chu yeu la cua cdc Cd quan hdnh chinh nhd nUde vd cac td chftc chinh tri, chinh tri xd hdi.
Do dd, cac don vi ndy phai dftpc cd quan nha nude cd tham quyln thdnh lap, ed tir cdch phdp nhan, ed tai khoan, eon dau ridng, tru sd rigng... Cdc ddn vi sU nghiep cdng thUc hien nhftng nhiem vu cu the thude chftc nang chuyen mdn eua minh; muc dich chinh la cung ftng dich vu cdng, phuc vu quan ly nhd nUde chft khdng Idm chftc ndng quan Iy nha nftdc.
Cdc ddn vi sft nghiep cdng cua nUdc ta dftpc td chftc trdn quy md rdng Idn, tft Trung Udng de'n dia phUdng. VI du: O Trung Udng, cdc cd quan thude Chinh phu nhu Hpc vien Chinh tri Hanh chinh qud'c gia Hd Chi Minh, Dai Tilng ndi Viet Nam, Ddi Truyln hinh Viet Nam, cdc trudng dai hpc thude bd, cdc benh vien trung Udng... la ddn vi sU nghiep cdng; O
Khoa hoc chfnh trj - So 5/2011
cap tinh dd la cdc trUdng dai hpc thude UBND tinh, cdc benh vien tinh, trung tdm day nghi cua sd, trung tdm boat ddng thanh thieu nhi...; (j cap huyen bao gdm cdc trudng hpc, benh vien eftng cap, trung tam vdn hda the thao, ddi phdt thanh, truyln hinh cua huyen...; O cap xa, bao gdm tram xd, trudng tilu hpc, m i m non.
Trdn thUe t l , vign chftc lam viec khdng chi trong cdc ddn vi sU nghigp cdng lap ma cd ed vien chftc 1dm vide trong ddn vi sft nghigp ngodi cdng lap.
Sft khac nhau gifta vign chftc lam viec trong ddn vi cdng lap va vidn chftc lam vide d cdc ddn vi ngodi cdng lap la d phuong dien quan ly. Vi t h l , viec tuyIn dung, sft dung, quan ly, chi dp, chinh sdch, dai ngd, khen thftdng, ky luat vien chftc dang lam trong cdc ddn vi cdng lap cd nhftng yeu ciu khac so vdi cdc ddn vi sft nghiep ngodi cdng lap. Dl dam bao Nhd nude cua ddn, do ddn va vi dan thi Nha nUdc hoan todn ed t h l quy dinh mdt sd nghia vu mang tinh chat rang budc, menh lenh dd'i vdi vien chftc trong cdc ddn vi sft nghiep cdng lap. Trong khi dd, cae ddn vi sU nghiep ngodi cdng lap hien nay d nUde ta dang dUpc td chftc va boat ddng ehu ylu theo md hinh doanh nghiep, viec tuyIn dung, quan ly, sft dung, dao tao, bdi dudng, sa thai lao ddng trong cdc ddn vi nay cd ban dua tren quan he lao ddng theo quy dinh eua Bp luat Lao ddng. Tuy nhien, dft lam viec d "trong'' hay "ngodi", hp diu la nhftng ngUdi lam vide trong ciing mdt llnh vUe vdi yeu ciu vl chuygn mdn, nghiep vu nhat dinh.
Ludt Vien chftc nam 2010 chi dilu chinh vign chftc 1dm vide trong cac dPn vi sft nghigp cdng lap. Ddc thft cua cdc ddn vi cdng lap vl cd ban diu dfta tren ngudn tdi san, ngudn vdn, kinh phi tft ngan sdch nha nUdc. Nhiem vu cd ban cua cdc
40 ^Ighien cdu Trao doi
ddn vi sU nghiep cdng lap chinh la sU tan tuy phuc vu nhan dan vd vi lpi Ich chung cua mpi ngUdi trong xa hdi. Do dd, muc tidu cua cdc ddn vi cdng lap la: phuc vu ngUdi ddn bang tam huyg't, bang tam Idng vd sft hdng say nghi nghiep, cdng hiln chuygn mdn dftpc dat Idn hang diu.
Vi vdy, CP che tuyen dung, sft dung, dai ngd vd quan ly vidn chftc cung dUpc quy dinh rat cu t h l trong Ludt. Hien nay d nude ta, ddn vi sU nghigp cdng lap gdm hai loai: (1) Ddn vi sU nghigp cdng lap dupe giao quyln tU chu hodn todn v l thUe hien nhiem vu, tdi chinh, td chftc bd may, nhan sU; (2) Don vi sU nghigp cdng lap chua dftpc giao quyln tu chu hoan toan v l thftc hien nhiem vu, tai chinh, td chftc bd may, nhan sft.
2. K h a i ni$in v i e n chvic
Phdp lenh Can bd, cdng chftc ndm 1998 khdng dfta ra khdi niem v l vign chftc md chi dUa ra cdc khdi niem chung vl edn bd, cdng chftc. NhUng tai Nghi dinh 116/ND-CP ndm 2003 cd quy dinh viec tuyIn dung, sft dung vd quan ly cdn bd, cdng chftc trong cdc ddn vi sU nghigp ciia Nhd nUde, td chftc chinh tri, td chftc chinh tri xa hdi (sau day gpi chung la vidn chftc). Theo dd, vdi quy dinh tai Dilu 2 Nghi dinh trgn thi: Vign chftc la cdng ddn Viet Nam, trong bign che, dupc tuyen dung, hd nhigm vao mdt ngach vidn chftc hodc giao gift mdt nhiem vu thudng xuydn trong don vi sU nghiep cua Nha nUdc, td chftc chinh tri, td chftc chinh tri - xa hdi, hftdng IftPng tft ngdn sach nha nUde va cac ngudn thu sU nghigp theo quy dinh cua phdp luat.
Phdp lenh Cdn bd, cdng chftc nam 1998 vd he thdng cdc vdn ban hUdng d i n thi hdnh da gdp p h i n quan trpng vdo xay dUng vd phdt t r i l n dpi ngu vidn chftc. Trgn cP sd dd, dd'n nam 2003, cdc van ban ludt v l cd ban da xdc dinh
rat rd sft khde nhau gifta khu vUc hanh chinh mang tinh quyln lUc nhd nUdc vdi cdc khu vUc sU nghigp cdng.
Vdi quy dinh tai Luat Can bd, cdng chftc nam 2008 thi vidn chftc Id ngiTdi trong bien che cua Nha nudc, dUdc bd nhiem hoac tuyIn dung vdo mdt ngach vidn chftc hoac giao gift mdt nhiem vu thudng xuygn, hp dUpc hUdng lUdng tft hai ngudn: Ngan sdch nha nUde vd cac ngudn thu sU nghiep. Do dd, rat kho phan biet gifta vien chftc vdi cdng chftc.
Bdi le, ca cdng chftc va vidn chftc deu dupe hudng nhftng chg' dp, chinh sach nhu nhau, diu trong bidn che va hudng luong tft ngan sdch nhd nUdc. Trong khi dd, ban chat hoat ddng cua cdng chftc la hoat ddng cua Nhd nUdc, cua td chftc Dang, cdc td chftc chinh tri - xd hdi, ludn mang tinh quyen Iftc nha nUde chft khdng mang tinh hoat dpng nghi nghiep; cdn boat ddng cua vidn chftc lai gin vdi boat ddng nghi nghiep d trong cdc ddn vi sft nghigp, khdng t h l hien quyln Iftc.
D l khac phuc nhftng ban ehl tren, Dilu 2 Ludt Vign chftc nam 2010 da dUa ra khdi niem "vign chftc" nhft sau:
"Vien ehdc Id cdng ddn Viet Nam dugc tuyin dung theo vi tri viec lam, Idm viec tgi dan vi sU nghiep cdng lap theo chi dp hqp dong lam viec, hudng luang td quy cua don vi sU nghiep cong lap theo quy dinh cua phdp lugt"
Bgn canh Luat Cdn bd, cdng chftc nam 2008 phdn dinh cdn bd va cdng chftc, Ludt Vien chftc ndm 2010 cung da Idm rd dftpc khdi niem "vign chftc', phan biet vign chftc vdi cdn bd va cdng chftc.
Sft khde biet cd ban cua vidn chftc so vdi cdn bp, cdng chftc chinh la che dp tuyen dung gdn vdi vi tri vide lam, thdng qua chd' dp hop ddng lao ddng 1dm viec vd (xem tiip trang 80) Khoa hoc chfnh tri - So 5/2011
80 9\Chin ra the gidi
cd tinh truyen thd'ng cua cdc chinh quyen Trung Hoa. Ngudn tai nguydn khoang sdn vd sinh vat la ed tinh hOtu ban nhUng vi tri chig'n lUdc, khdng gian sinh tdn la thft tai nguyen vd tan, quy gid nhat, la pham tru vinh viln, la ldi Ich mang tinh sd'ng cdn cua mdi qud'c gia ddn tdc trong mpi
thdi dai. Do dd, cdc qud'c gia cd tranh chap khdng gian biln Ddng vdi Trung Qud'c cin nhan thftc rd dilu nay de cd chiln lUdc ddi phd Idu dai nham bao ve nhftng quyen ldi ciiinh ddng cua minh dupc ludt phdp qudc t l thfta nhan.Q
/<^
VE PHAM VI DIEU CHINH VA KHAI NIEM VIEN CHl/C...
(tiip trang 40)
t i l n lUdng dUpc hudng tft quy IftPng cua dpn vi sU nghigp cdng lap.
Theo quy dinh cua Ludt Vidn chftc, vien chftc cd nhiing dac tinh sau:
Thd nhdt, lao ddng eua vidn chftc khdng mang tinh quyln lUc cdng, chi t h u i n tuy Id boat ddng nghi nghiep mang tinh chuygn mdn nghigp vu; la boat ddng nghi nghigp mang tinh phuc vu, khdng thu t i l n hodc cd thu t i l n nhUng khdng dat muc tidu ldi nhudn Ign trgn he't nham cung cap cho xd hdi cdc nhu ciu ed ban, c i n thig't. Dilu nay cho thay sU khde nhau rat rd gifta vien chftc vdi nhftng cdng chftc dang lam vide trong cdc cd quan nhd nUde nhU Qud'c hdi, Tda dn, Vien Kilm sat, Chinh phu, Bd, Uy ban nhan dan...
Thd hai, vidn chftc chi dupe tuy I n dung theo vi tri viec lam, hpp ddng lam viec vd Iftdng dupe tra theo k i t qua cdng viec, khdng cdn trong bidn e h l ciia Nhd nUdc. TuyIn dung la viec lUa chpn ngUdi cd pham chit, trinh dp vd ndng lUc vdo 1dm vidn chftc trong ddn vi sft nghiep cdng lap. Hpp ddng lam vide la sU thda thudn bang vdn ban gifta vign chftc hodc ngftdi dupc tuyen dung Idm vign chftc vdi ngftdi dftng diu dpn vi sft nghigp cdng lap v l vi tri viec 1dm, t i l n Iftdng, chg' dp ddi ngd, dilu kien lam vide, quyln va
nghia vu cua moi bgn. Do dd, vien chftc se 1dm vigc trong cdc ddn vi sft nghigp cdng, vi tri vide Idm cua vign chftc dftpc t h l hien rd trong cdc linh vUc sU nghiep nhu gido due, y td', khoa hpc, van hda, t h l thao, du lich..
Thd ba, vidn chftc khdng cdn dUdc bd nhiem vao ngach vign chftc, khdng dupc hudng lUdng tft ngdn sdch nhd nUdc nhu trUdc day md dUpc quy dinh v l "'chftc danh nghe nghiep'' nhu giao vien, bde sy, y td... Chftc danh nghi nghigp ciing vdi vi tri vide lam se la cdn eft cho viec tuyIn dung, sft dung, ddo tao, bdi dftdng, quan ly, xft ly ky ludt vidn chftc. Do do, Iftdng cua vign chftc se dupe hUdng tft quy cua cdc ddn vi sU nghiep cdng.
Cftng vdi sft hodn thien cua bd mdy nha nudc, ndng cao chat lUpng vd hieu qua hoat ddng cua can bd, cdng chftc, vidn chftc, Luat Vign chftc ra ddi dd kip thdi khac phuc p h i n nao nhftng ban che trong quy dinh cua phdp luat trftdc ddy;
xdc dinh rd hoat dpng nghe nghiep cua vien chftc nhdm thftc bien chftc ndng phuc vu xa hdi trdn cac linh vftc, ndng cao chat Iftdng hoat ddng cua cdc dich vu cdng; phdt huy hg't tai nang, sdng tao cua minh, tao ra dpi ngft vidn chftc cd chat Iftpng cao tham gia ddng dao vao cdc ddn vi sft nghigp cdng Idp.Q
Khoa hpc chfnh tri - Sd 5/2011
