CO s d KY THUAT HA TANG • NANG LlfCiMfi • MOI TRUbNG
Q U A N LY M d R O N G D O T H I
& V A N O E N G A P LUT d T R H O C H I M I N H
TS. NGUYEN N G O C HIEU & T h S . TRAN HOANG NAM
DAI HOC VIET DLTCTOM TAT
Nhu cau md rdng ranh gidi dd thj la tat y6u trong quS trinh do thi hoa; tuy nhign, viec md rong d6 thj ludn tiem ^n nhieu van aa Mn quan (jgn phM triln b6n viJng. Bai viet thSo luan ve m5t s6 li/a chon cd Unh chi^n li/dc trong mfl rong ranh gifli do thi 6 ph6 H 6 Chi Minh diJng trifdc cac thach thiJc v^ ngap lut vi bifin ddi khi hau hien nay.
Tif fcftda: dd thi hoa. ngip lut d dd thi. chi phi an. ranh gidl phat tri^n d6 thj, quan ly mig tn/dng do thj.
ABSTRACT
Urtjan expansion is an inevitable phenomena during the urbanisation process; however, the expansion often goes along with hidden unsustainable problems. This article discusses about some strategic options in managing urban growth in Hochiminh city in responding to the challenges of Hooding and climate change.
Keywords: urbanisation, urban flooding, hidden cost, urban growth boundary, managing urban expansion.
1. Md r d n g ranh g i d i do t h j va ngap lut Viet Nam cung gi6ng nhi/ h^u h^t cac qu6c gia dang phdt t r i l n dang trai qua giai doan dfl thj hoa nhanh. Ba thap ky do thi h6a vira qua 6 Viet Nam cho thdy, tflc dfl m6 rong dien tfch do thj da tang g4p ba
\kn so vcfi t6c dp tang dkn s6 do thi cung thfli ky^. Dac d i l m cCia giai doan nay \k xu hinSng phat trien nong 6 vung ven dfl hay con goi la hien tifcfng "do thi hoa viJng ven" {peri-urbanisation).
Bfln miiofi nam qua, qud trinh do thj hoa viJng ven d TP. HCM dSn t(5i s u md rong dang ke ranh gidfi dfl thj. TCr nam 1975 d§n 2000, thanh phfl da m6 rong ddng k l nhung v i n chu yflu n§m 6 phfa Bac k§nh Tau Hu. HmSng md rong chu y4u \k vfl phia bSc, ndi ddt cao va khong bj dnh hu&ng bcrt tri4u ci/fimg (Xem hlnh 1).
Tuy nhien, ttr nhijng nam 2000 d i n nay, thanh ph6 bSt diiu m6 xudng phia Nam va phia Dong cung vdi sir md rdng nhanh chong tren cdc hudng (Xem hlnh 2).
Viflc m d rong ranh gidi thanh phfl trong giai do^n gdn day da t i l n vfl cdc khu virc v6n co nfln ddt thdp (1 m-1,5m) [Xem hinh dudi). Chii y rang cflt cao dp 2m ia chu£n muc vfl quy hoach chiflu cao cho phat t r i l n dfl thj mdi. NhU vdy, hdu h i t cac khu vuc mdi md rong
Hinh 1: Qui trinh md rang noi thinh TP. HCM giai doan 1975-2000.
Nguon: trich tir bio cio Sd QHKT HCM. 2013.
til sau nam 2000, (triy Tdy Bac) da phdn cd cot ttf nhifln narp dudi cflt san n i n quy hoach. hay ndi each khac la nam d khu vuc trung thdp.
Vdi xu hudng m d rong n h u hien nay, ti Ifl difln tfch ddt xdy dung do thj d khu vuc ndm du'di miic dinh t r i i u cudng ngay cang m d rong. Dua tren s6 liflu tinh todn nam 2010, ti le dien tfch ddt nam dudi muc dinh t r i i u la 32%. D u bdo cho d i n nam 2025-2030 cd the len tdi 47%.
So vdi cac khu cu, cdc khu vuc mdi it ducte ddu t u ha tdng thodt nudc. Nam 2010, cac qudn ndi thanh (1,3,5) CO tl le t i l p can d i n he thflng thoat nudc Id 100% thi quan ke can (4,6,8,10,11,Tdn Binh, Phii Nhudn, Binh Thanh) chi dat tir 8 0 % - 90%; cac quan m a thanh lap gdn ddy (2, 9 , 1 2 , Tdn Phu, ThQ Ddc), tl le chi dat tir 30% - 70% .
Vdi dac diem n h u vay, khong khd de gidi thfch tai
NGUdi XAY DUNG SO THANG 5 & 6 - 2016
Q U A N LY M d R 6 N G P 6 T H I . . .
Hinh 3: Xu hiJ6ng md r6ng lan toa v^ phia tf4( triing c6 cao rffi dtlffi 1m dTR HCM. Ngudn: [31
Hinh4: Wcftfl^ra/ro ngap lai tTP. HCM itin nam 2025-2030.
in: 14]
Hinh 5: Hi$n bang cickhuvtic npi Mnh ttu/Sng bi ngip (tnJSc 2010} Ngudn: IS].
sao da phan cac khu v u t trung th§p mcrt phat trien d6i mat vd( tinh trang ngSp l u t . Ban do danh gia ngap lut nam 2010 cho th§y cac l<hu vyc mdi do thj hoa tai cac quan 6, 8 Binh Tan, Tan Phu, Go VSp, 4, Binh Thanh ia i<hu vuc CO tan s u i t n g j p iut cao (Xem hinh dunSi).
NhOng die] ChilUllnh
Hinh 6; 66 diim ngip d TR HCM sau tran mUa ngay 15/9/2015.
Ugubn: tu6i tre online
Vdn d l ngdp ung gdn day co cdi thidn do ddu t u cai tao thodt nudc; tuy nhifln, qua trinh ddu t u chua dflng bfl nen tinh hinh ngdp ung cdn phirc tap. Bdn dfl ngdp sau trdn mua ky luc ngay 15/9/2015 phan dnh cac khu vuc ngap lut co ca nhung vj tri l i i n k l vdi cdc d u dn phat trien ttr phdt giai doan vira qua va co ca 6 nhOfng khu vuc vfln cd cflt n i n cao d qudn G6 Vdp (Xem hinh dudi).
Mot sd nghien cilu cho rang qudn ly phat trien la nguyen nhdn ddn tdi tinh trang ngap ung cue bo .Viec san nfln d khu vuc ven dd tdt y l u phai be tong hda, ndng cflt n i n , ddng thdi san Idp mot phdn kflnh rach va hd ao chiia nudc vd lam suy gidm kha ndng tiflu thodt nudc. N h i l u d u dn san n i n khflng theo quy hoach, phdt t r i l n k i l u da beo, khflng l i i n khoanh t^o nhieu khodng trong ve ha tdng va la nguyen nhdn gdy ngap ung cue bd va khd k i t ndi cac khu vuc. Viec san nfln khdng thdng n h l t va k i t ndi kem ddn tcfi khu sau
" d l y ngdp" lan sang khu vuc khac.
Ben c^nh do, ddc d i l m thiJy van vd t r i i u d khu vuc TP. HCM rdt nhay cdm vdi xu hutifng m d rdng san Idp vfl khu vuc trung thdp. Nghifln cdu cua TS Bill Viet Hung chdng minh mdi quan he giCra viflc Idm suy giam kha nang hdp thu luwig nudc t r i i u vd xu hudnp gia tang cua dinh triflu . Md hinh tfnh di/a trfln sd li^u quan trac v l xu hudng ttr nhung nam 1975 cho t h i y mdc triflu cue dai chi bifln ddng tang khi m d rong di$n tfch san Idp 6 vung ven Cdn Gid ttr nam 2000 trd lai day. Cd the hinh dung mfli 1000 ha dien tich ddt bj san Idp cd nguy ccf lam dinh trieu ddng Ifln 1cm tai tram Phu An tren song Sdi Gdn.
Co the ndi, nang It/c han che v$ vi diu tif ha tang ddng bp tnfdc sdc ep phat trien, kha nang quan ly phat trien do thj khi md rong vao cac khu vifc trung thip, vi tac dpng hai chieu cua san lap lam cho dinh trieu dang cao la nguyin nhin gia tang ngap lut 6 vung ven TP. HCM.
2. Ca sdr d j n h h i r d n g phat trien v § Ichu v i r c t r u n g t h d p
Djnh hudng quy hoach phat trien TP. HCM duoc
NGUdi XAY DUNG s6 THANG 5 & 6 - 2016 I D
Q U A N L V M < S R O N Q P ^ T H I -
phe duyet nam 2010 xac dinh 4 hudng phdt trien gdmla Dong, Nam, Tdy Nam, va Tay Bac (Xem hinh dmS).
N h u vdy djnh hudng t i l p tuc phat trien v l nhOfng khu virc trung thdp. Heu hudng v l hai thanh phd va tfnh Idn can (Bifln Hoa va Thu Ddu Mot) khdng dupc nhdc tdi.
Hinh 7: Biiu chinh quy hoach chung TP HCM dBn 2025. Ngudn:
CBRE: quy hoach do thi & cU hoi ^uttl &Sd OH-KT TP HCM 2015.
Cau h o i dat ra la v l sao t h a n h p h o v a n l i / a c h o n phat t r i e n vho cac k h u v i r c t r u n g t h i p t h i r d n g c d c h i phf s a n Idp, Isao ve c h d n g ngap lut cao horn?
C d n h i i u each giai t h i c h c h o ly d o nay va c h u n g ta thi? f i m Idi giai.
a) Phat trien theo quy dat hien cd Cdch gidi thfch t h d nhdt cd t h i id trudc sue ep gia tang ddn sd nhU vira qua thi ngudn quy ddt trong cd t h i tao ngudn thu n§m trong thanh phfl chi cdn d cdc khu trung thdp. Bdng chdng true t i l p ciia lap luan nay khd xac dinh; xong thdng kfl cho thdy thanh phfl nhdng nam 2010 xay dung ngdn sach dua vdo ngudn thu tir ddt khd Idn.
Giai doan 2001 - 2010 ti 1$ ngudn thu ti/ dit tSng IBn tdi lT§n 30% ng&i sach: hong idii nam 2012. chi Oiu dUdc fiioSng 1.&)0Sviff IB [Oiu thudc n^ giam cdn IdioSng 21%
^U^tuc 0m xi^ng dtki 75% nSm 2014. Tinh theo t6ng ngudn 9u] tin dia bm, cic ngudn thu & dk chi cdn khoang 5,23% t&m 2014,
Tuy nhien, vdn dfl Id cjuy ddt npi thanh cung chi cd gidi han. Thanh phd n l u chi trflng vdo ngudn ciia minh se lam gi khi quy ddt ndi thanh can kiet?
BikJ Bo cua Sd Tai nguy^ Mdi tnidng cho thiy trong 13 nSm e 20011^ 2014. dit chua sd dung chi cdn 10% va ngu^ ^ ndng n0^ duiy^ sang lam do thj da chiem tdi 60% ^ n/iu f^u. Vdi guy ^ nhi/hiSn tai. thanh phd se md K dSu 1^ d^ Ohg nhu clu do Wi hda sau 30 nSm nOa khi thinh phd c^ it nhit Ik gip ddi di$n tictf. Niu Can Gid Qlda di/Wsii^ qi^ ffii CO nSn sap nhap ffnh ISn cin nhif mNaimUm?
N I U quan sdt anh vfl tinh ban dem chung ta thdy
vungTP. HCM khflng con ranh gidi vdi Ddng Nai hay Binh Duong (xem hinh dudi). Nflu chi lo phat t r i l n trong ranh gidi ciia minh thi cd tdi uu hda dupc ngudn luc phdt t r i l n khi dd thj hien nay da la mdt vtJng coMn he hCfu CO vdi nhau n h u v§y?
Hinh 8: Anh ve tinh TP HCM ban dem Nguon: landsat map, khai thac tU internet, 2015.
Vay thi viec phat trien tap trung vio quy dM minh cd da trd nin lac nhjp vdi thtfc te phat triin vung, ndi ranh gidi thifc ti khong con li thupc vio ranh gidi quy tfdc?
b) Phit trien theo "hiiu qua"kinh ti Cach giai thich t h d hai cd the la vl tinh hieu qud kinh t l . Chi phf thdp vfl gid ddt dfln bii vd chi phf cc hdi thdp do giai tda nhanh la ca s d de cd Ipi nhudn.
Nha nudc cung "cd Ipi" bdi tifln s d dung ddt hoac cho thufl ddt tuong dng.
Tuy nhifln, viec lap bai toan loi ich cdn tfnh toan d l y du. Chi phi ciJa Nhd nudc so vdi \a\ fch thu dui?c thyc s u id bao nhieu? Qua trinh ra quyflt ^ n h da tfnh tren co s d chi phi va Ipi ich cua mdt "vdng ddi" d y an hay khu vyc phdt t r i l n chua hay mdi cht Idc xay cflng trinh? Vong ddi cua dua dn quan trpng khi cdc nha ddu t u cd t h i rdi di sdm vd de lai chi phf cho ngubl d iai giai quyflt.
Sdi vdi khu vuc trung thdp, chi phi de cai tao va nang d p ha tdng thoat nudc cua khu vyc d Ihupng ngudn" khu vyc san Idp thudng d dang "an". Viflc ton nen cac khu trOng thdp (vdn la khu vuc thoat nudc cii) thudng khdng tfnh d i n chi phf lam lai he thdng thoat nudc d khu vyc bj anh hudng. Tuy nhien, sdm hay mufln thi cac chi phf ndy cung se bde Id va lam gia tang ganh nang chi phf cho chfnh q u y l n v l Idu ddi.
Cdch thdc chi frtif an cd the gay dp lye tdi ngdn sdch thdnh phd cd ttil hinh dung d so dd dudi day:
Ghi chu: Hinh ben trdi: chi phf chua tfnh chi phf an va ben phdi: cd chi phf an
Khdng chi Id mfl hlnh, dp luc chi ngdn sdch thyc t l vdn d l chdng ngdp la rat Idn. Bdo cdo tir Trung tdm
N G U d i X A Y D U N G SO T H A N G 5 & 6 - 2 0 1 6
Q U A N LY M d R 6 N G P O T H I .
Hinh 9: SUkhic biSt vi tong chi phi do chi phi an doi vdi ngin sich. Ngudn: tic gia.
chflng ng$p cho thdy nhu c l u chi cho thoat nudc tang nhanh, nhung thyc chi kha thdp ch! khoang # d i n 1/3 nhu cau (Xem hop thdng tin d dudi).
^ Hi$n thSJih phd dang ffjyc hi$n song song 2 quy hoach chdng ng$p Ik 752 va 1547. Quy hoach theo Quyit dinh 752/2001 fUg tSp tmng diu tuc&c cdng trinh thoAt nt/dc vk x&l$'n^c cho Aftu VI/C tmng tim: vdng Bic, Bdng Bac. ddng nam vk tiy thanh phd. cin 87.418 tidbng. Trong dd dS c6 ngudn vdn Ih: 32,608 ti ddng, chU5 cd ngudn cin huy d0ng Ik: 54.810 ngkn tl Quy hoach thuy Idi theo Quyit dinh 1547l2008fUg lap cic dtJin dd bao vk cdng ngan tieu c6 tdng Idnh phi Ik 12.823 tl ddng. Ngudn di cd 813 ti ddng.
vk cin huy ddhg Ik 12.010 tl ddng. TRHCM dang cin them 66.820 ti ddng d4 thuc hidn.
Md phdng tinh hlnh dya trfln s6 lieu cua Cyc t h u l TR HCM va ngudn bdo cdo cua Trung tdm chflng ngdp, chung ta cd the hinh dung xu hudng ddng t i l n dfln tir t i l n sir dyng ddt dang giam xudng, cdn chi thi tdng nhanh (Xem hinh dudi). Giai doan sdp tdi, thdnh phfl mudn thyc hifln quy hoach va gidrn ngap co ban se chi cho thodt nudc n h i l u hon ngudn thu tifln s d dung ddt. Du bdo 5 nam tdi nhu cdu chi cho thodt nudc Idn gdp 10 Idn tifln thu dupc do m d rong dd thj nam 2014 (66,8 ngdn ti/6,03 ngdn tl).
Chd ;^ rdng cdc d u bdo trfln mdi tfnh theo thyc thi quy hoach 2008, cd nghTa Id chua phdi t i t ca chi phf, bfl^ quy hoach 2008 cung chua tfnh dfln cdc bifln phap va chi phf ddu t u bo sung nflu dinh t r i i u t i l p tuc ddng cao do m d rdng thdnh phd vd nudc bien dang do b i l n d l i khf hdu.
Ti^ gdc dp thj trudng, nflu khdng phdi trd phi thi
Hinh 10: So sinh ddng tiin thu - chl Sng vdi md r0ng Mnh phi va ching ngap.' Ngudn: tic gii.
nhung ngudi ddu co mua ddt va bdn trudc khi vdn d l ngdp Id difln se cd Ipi. Nflu thdnh phd ddu t u t i l p 6e ndng cdp cdi tao, gid ddt lai tang t i l p . Khdng phdi vfl c d dan d i u co truyfln tai nhau r i n g muon giau thi mua dit cang rS cing ngip ping Idi vi khi din keu qua thinh phd se dau tu chdng ngip va di/ an phat then se tiin ve hudng niy. Nhu vdy, md hinh kinh tfl v l chi phf d 6ay id s y c h u y i n hda chi phi cho ngdn sdch thanh phd trong khi Ipi nhuan v l nhd ddu co.
Ben cgnh chl phf "an", viflc danh gid khdng dung gid tri ciJa khu vyc ddt trung th^p khi san l i p cd t h i Idm mo hinh tfnh sai lech. Thuc t l cho thdy cac gidi phap chflng ngdp b l n g cdch ddp de bao cd nhupc d i l m lam nudc triflu ddng cao hdn. Gidi phdp dao lifl mdrt hoac nao vet kdnh sdu thflm 6i chuB nudc thuc chdt tuong duong vdi giij' cac khu vuc trung thdp d l lid ehda nudc t y nhien. Ndi cdch khde, gid tri dat ngdp nudc phdi tfnh bang chi phi thay t h i khi ddu t u ha tdng thodt nudc vd gid trj ndy cd xu hudng tdng nhanh cung vdi thach thiirc b i l n doi khf hgu vd m d rdng dd ttij. N l u
"ddu tu^ vdo giiJ ddt ndy, "tai sdn" cdng cung tang (chi phf chdng ng^p giam) va tdi sdn t u (gid tri bdt ddng san trong khu vyc) cung se tdng.
Nhif vay, phai chang tfnh hieu qui da khong dWdc xem xet diy du. Hieu qua chi cho nha phit trien, chi phi dang phan bo vao ngin sach nhi nifdc ngay cang ting vi xu hifdng phit triin tSng the kem hifu qui?
3. Nhi}ng van de can nhae a) £>6 thj hoa d cap dp vung
Viic md rdng dd thi nin x6t td quan diem vung.
Vi?c chuyen doi quy ddt t y nhifln d T R HCM theo cdch idm nhu hien nay rat cd the ddn tdi phdt t r i l n t h i l u bfln viJng. Nfln chang hudng s y phdt t r i l n cdc khu cdng nghiflp vd dfl thj vfl Dong Nai vd Binh Duong, noi cd quy ddt ddi ddo, khflng bj ngdp, va chi phi cudc sdng thdp hon. Thanh phfl chl thu hdt cd chpn Ipc cdc ngdnh cd gia trj gia tang cao khdng cdn n h i l u d i t nhu dich vu tdi chfnh, y t l , dao tao nhdn lye chdt lupng cao, va du Ijeh. Nhln ra nudc ngodi, vung Idi eua Paris, Tokyo, hay London d i u khdng qud 8 tri^u ddn. Lao dpng d khu vyc loi chO yflu Idm djch vu cd gid tri gia tang cao. Viing Bangkok hay Manila khi m d rflng thdnh cdc ehtim dfl thj vdn gid dupc khflng gian sinh tdn cho khu vuc idi.
Tdt nhien viflc co cdu lai khdng gian cdn to chdc song hdnh vert day manh hpp tdc phdt t r i l n vung.
Bude ddu tifln cdn iam Id ddnh gia tdi nguyen ddt, ha t i n g kinh t l , lao ddng, vd ddc biet la giao thdng viing lien tinh. Dya tren tfn hieu thj trudng, chfnh quyfln cdc thdnh phd cdn k i t ndi tdt de ddu t u c h o giao thdng ndi viing vd d i l u chinh chinh sach lien quan dam bao cho mdi thanh phd vd tinh phdt huy t h i manh trong khdng gian vung. Cd the ndi, quy hoach va chinh sdch phat trien vung cd trach nhiem dam bao ranh gidi hanh chi'nh khong can trd sir phat t r i l n b i n vi?ng.
b) Chi phi an va danh gii tai nguyen dit phuc vu phat trien
Mo hinh tfnh sd bd vi chi phf an cho thiy nhung N G U O l X A Y D U N G SO T H A N G 5 & 6 • 2 0 1 6
Q U A N LY M d R O N G P O T H I — chi phi chua duoc tinh dij khi cin nhae phit Men vao
cac khu vuc trung thip. Chi phi xa hoi cdn phdi tinh ca ehi phf nang cdp he thdng thoat nude khu vyc cu, chi phf ndng cao dfl bao vd xdy dyng cdng ngan triflu do ddng chay can trd va tare tilp phat sinh do san Idp difln rong cac khu trung thdp. Nlu gid dupc cdc khu chiia nudc mua vd thodt nudc tnjdc tam thdi trudc khi bom ra sdng hoac chd dfln khi nudc triiu xudng se giup gidm ngap lyt vd dng phd hieu qua hon vdi biln doi khi hdu.
v l danh gid lai gid tri ddt ngdp nudc cdn to chdc nghien cuu bdi bdn. Viec djnh gid lai ddt ngap nudc vd chi phf an cd thi ddn tdi danh gia lai tdi nguyfln dit phuc vu cho phdt trien d pham vi thanh phd. Mdt ban dd cap nhat cdc khu vuc khdng thudn loi cho xdy dyng cdn dupc lap tren pham vi cho ca viing d l cd the lap chiln lupc phdt triin cua vung dfl thj.
Tdt nhien khdng phdi chd nao trung cung khdng nen phat trien, nhung cin phai ddnh gid tong thi, so sdnh mdc dp thuan Ipi, vd nflu phdi lam thi lam sdm va ai vao dd phdi gdnh dtj chi phf "an". Niu da danh gia rd lai fch thi kien tri dinh hifdng phit trien vi cic khu vifc thuan Igi vi lau dii.
c) Quan /y md rong do thi thong minh Tham khao bai hoc qudc ti, cic chinh quydn do thi ludn xac djnh rit nghiem tuc va tfnh to^n cin thin ranh gidi md rdng vdi su tham gia cOa cac ben lien quan vdi cdche Ihdng minh". Co chl thdng minh bao gdm ca gidc dd ky thuat va xa hdi. v l mat ky thudt, co chfl thdng minh la he thdng ra quyflt djnh dya tren cdc chi sd dupc theo ddi vfl thay doi trong chdt lupng cuflc sdng, chdt lupng hp sinh thai, va tai nguyen ddt, danh gia tdc dpng, va dp bao tang trudng. Vfl mat xd hfli, dd la CO chl ddi thoai ddn chu da ngdnh vd da cdp dp d l cdc chu the tham gia dupc bdo ve Ipi fch cua minh. Vi ca ban, ca chi ^ng trifdng thdng minh se lifa chgn til ifu cac ifu tien wu tien md rpng do thj theo tdng giai doan .
Viflc xdy dyng co chfl ndy ddn tdi mflt sd diflu chinh trong the chl, tuy nhien, v l co ban viec qudn ly phdt triln dd thj theo cac chuwig trinh phat trien dd thj (Nghj djnh 11/2013) cd nhiflu dilm tuong ddng vcri each lam ndy . Vfl Idu dai, qudn ly thdng minh bao gflm xdy dung khudn kho phap ly va ky thuat de quan ly quy hoach vd kilm sodt phat trien tfch hpp, ddng thdi dam bdo qud trinh ra quyflt djnh dya trfln nfln tdng ddn chu va minh bach.
4. Kit luan
Quan ly md rdng dd thi thflng minh vd ed tinh chiln lupc Id vdn d l sdng cdn cho sy phat triln cua vung do thj trong giai doan dfl thj hda nhanh. Cac d l xult nhdm thay doi cdch tilp can vd ddnh gid vfl vdn d l trfln dii chua di kem vol kit qua nghien curu bai bdn nhung cung la nhung gpi y v l vdn dfl chflng ngap va gidm thilu tdc hai eua biln doi khf hdu. Mong rdng cdc dfl xudt trfln se duge chuyin hda thdnh cac nghifln eCru vd dng dung de TR HCM sfl cd nhijng lya chon tdi uu cho sy phdt triln bfln vi3ng trong tuong lai.b
liA lieu ttiam khSo:
|1] Ha \ ^ Dong. Hien trang su dung dat dai: ntiin tu 3 cuoc tong dieu tra Ion. Kinh te va du bao (Economy & Forecast Review) 2013. (2013).
12] HCMC DOmE. Bao cao thuyel minli tong hop quy hoach su dung dat den nam 2020, ke hoach su dung dat 2011 - 2015.2011 - 2015.2013.
Ret Type: Report
[3] N. D. Dung. T^uc trang va giai [riiap ung pho voi ngap lut thanh pho Ho Chi Minh. 2015. RefType: Video Recording
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thi diSn tich do ttij tang tif 1.5% ahn 3%. Dien tich dat d 66 thi tSng binh qu&i 8Vnam trong cDng giai doan, nhanh hdn gan ba lln l6c dO tang dSn sdtai khuvircaOthi(~3%nam)[11
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^ Ngu6n thu mo ta so lieu th6ng ke tl^n sir dung 6k do Cue thu^ TR HD Chi Minh cOng bd. Nhu c l u chl diu tif thoat nifdc md tS binh qudn theo giai doan cdn cd'theo sd li^u cua Trung tam ch6ng ngdp thdnh ph6. S6 liSu vl chl Oioat ni/flc trudc nam 2015 \i s6 thi/c te da chi: nhu cllu chi 2015-20^
b'nh binh quan theo nhu c l u di/ bao quy hoach d i u W cua Trung tam chdng ngdP.
