C H U Y E N MUC
VAN H 6 A - NGHE THUAT
M6I GIAO LUU GIUA CAC VAN NHAN VIET NAM - TRUNG QU6C THOI NHA DUONG
N G U Y E N PHLr&C T A M '
Vdi khoing thdi gian dii ngdt ngin nam Bic thuge, nin vin hda Viet Nam - bao gim ci ITnh vwc vin hoc vi nghe thuit, da chiu anh hwdng siu rgng tir nin vin hda Trung Hoa. De hiiu siu han vi moi quan he giao Iwu van hda giira cic vin nhin Viet Nam - Trung Quoc thdi nha Dwdng, tir gdc nhin tii lieu thi hgc, bii viit trinh biy mdt birc tranh vi mil giao hao giira cac van nhin thdng qua nhirng bii tho chu- Hin mi ho tirng danh tang cho nhau.
TCr khda: giao du, van nhan. An Nam, n h i Duong
Nhin bii ngiy: 3/1/2020; dwa vio bien tip 15/1/2020; phin bign: 20/1/2020; duygt ding: 10/4/2020
1. DAN NHAP
Sich Dgi Viit sir ky toin thw c h i p : vio thirl Thanh Vugng nha Chu the ky thir X Irud'c C6ng nguyen, Hiing Vyong tirng cCr sir gia sang giao hao vfl Trung Quoc va hien chim IrT tring, Vua nha Chu sau d6 sal lam xe chi nam, dua sir gia ve nuo'c (Ng6 SI Lien, T6n Hieu, 2015: 41-42). Ve s u kifn niy, sach An Nam chi Iwac eOng c6 chep tugng t u (Le T i e , Vu Thugng Thanh, 2000: 12-13). That ra, sir kifn trong hai saeh sir vira neu deu dugc chep lai tCr mot trong nhung
Tnrdng Bai hoc Tri Vinh.
sach co eua Trung Qucc nhu True thw ky nien. Hin thi ngogi truyin, Thwgng thw dgi truyin, Hgu Hin thw ( H i Quang Nh?c, 1992: 176). Tir chi t i i t "eing chim trT t r i n g " va vua n h i Chu "sal lam xe chi nam dua sir gia ve nuoc" eho thiy, truiJc thoi B i c thupc nguo'i Viet co d i co nhO'ng cufc tiip xiic qua lai vol Trung Hoa vol m i l quan he bang giao giua hal mien Nam B i c .
Tuy nhien, tir khoang cuii the ky thir 111 truo'c Cong nguyen lo'i d i u t h i ky thir X, Vift Nam duoi ach thing trj eua e h i do phong kiin phuong Bic, tir day b i t d i u mpt tho'i ky tiep xiic mgi gitra hai n f n van hoa.
NGUYEN PHl/trc TAM - UOi GIAO LLfU Glt?A cACVANNHAN_
Tho'i ky nha Ducmg, a Trung Hoa h i u nhu mpi m f t deu phit trien dat d i n dinh eao, kbif n cac nuoc khu vuc va ca the gkji phai kinh ngac va to ra nguo'ng mp. Trong so nhi/ng thanh ti/u d f phai k l den v i n h6a, bao gom van hoc va nghf t b u f t Dung nhu Murdoch n h i n dinh: "ThOfi do, hien nhien i i Trung Hoa dirng d i u cac d i n t f c v i n minh trfn t h i gid'i. De q u i c i y himg cudrng nhat, v i n minh nhit, thich s u tien b f nhit v i dugc cai trj m f t c i c h t i t nhit t h i gioi Chua bao gifl n h i n lo^i dugc thiy m f t nud'c khai h f a , phong tyc d^p de nhu vfy"
(din theo Will Durant, Nguyen H i i n Lf, 1990: 125). Tho'i ky n i y x u i t hifn nhieu van n h i n gioi tho phu, kheo v i n chugng. Do hoin canh buc f p, trong s i hp c6 nhirng ngufi'i bufc phai luu d i y sang khu vuc An Nam s i n g nhbr, nhu: Do Tham Ngon, T h i m Thuyf n Ki, Bui Dl True... Mot s i khac dugc dieu phai den An Nam cai quan, nhu:
Vuong Phiic Chi"', Biii Ttiai, Vugng Ngpc T i l , Ma Th6ng... Ben canh do, c6 mpt s i t i n g nhin den truyen dgp hpfc giap du, nhu Vo Ngon ThOng, Van Khanh... Nhtrng nguo'i n i y v i nha cam quyin k i t hgp vd'i dan cu ban dja to chuc truyen d?y kinh dien Nho gia. Ph|t giao, v i i t sach lap thuyet. C i c hoat dfng nay da truyen b i v i n h f a Trung Hoa g khu vuc An Nam.
Vao nhirng nam 80 cua the ky thir VII, thupc d6'i nha Ducmg (618 - 907), xuat hifn phong trao di Tay Tmc thinh kinh, cau p h i p cua nhtrng nha s u ca
phugng B i c l i n phuong Nam. d phugng B i c nhieu vj tang nhin den Thien TnJc c i u phip thucrng di duong bien, p h i n ldn phai ngang qua An Nam dirng c h i n (Truong Kim Lifn, 2005: 112), c h i c chin Ihd'i gian d lai truoc khi Ifn dud'ng T i y du, gllJ-a hg v i nguoi ban dja c6 nhu'ng tugng tac qua Igi. Dgi Dwdng Tay vwc ciu phip eao ting tniygn chip e6 6 vj, gom:
Minh V i i n , Ting-gla-bgt-ma, Dam Nhufn, Huf Mfnh, Tri Hoang, Vo Hgnh (Nghia Tjnh, Vugng Bang Duy, 1988. 97). Sieh n i y ghi e6 6 tang nhin Vift Nam cung Tay hinh, gom:
V f n Ki, Khuy Xung, Mgc Xoa De B i , Huf Difm, Tri Hanh v i Dal Thira D i n g , trong d6 c6 b i n vj nguo'i Giao C h i u (viing B i c Bp ngay nay) va hal vj khic la ngu6i Ai Chau (Thanh Hea ngiy nay). Thd'i ky nay Vift Nam cung e6 nhieu t i n g nhin n i l tling khic, nhuV6 Nggi, Duy G i i m , Djnh Kheng...
Tir nhu'ng t u lieu thi ca thi Irud'c the ky X, kheng it tang sT, van sT V i f t Nam thugng xuyen qua Igi Trung Hpa giao luu, tham chi dugc hoang de Trung Hoa moi vap cung dien thuyet giang giip nghTa Phat giao, nhu phap su Djnh, phap s u Duy Giam. Vao thoi ky nay. An Nam x u i t hifn kha nhieu t i n g si, v i n si n i l tieng co m i l quan hf mat thiit vd'i cac van sT lirng danh Trung Hoa, nhu: V6 Nggi, Quang Tuyen, Lieu Htru Phugng... Dti la thgi ky B i c thupc, nhung dieu dang chii y l i c i c van nhan hai nuoc da de lai khong it ang van tho dep de trong nhirng lan g^p gd, tien bift, hoac g
TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HQI so 5 (261) 2020 An Nam hoac g Trung Nguyen. Oe c6 mpt cai nhin cu the v f m i l giap hap gitra cac van si xir Nam va xir B i c luc biy gi6, bai viet se trinh bay trung din mgt s6 truo'ng hgp dien hlnh.
2. NOI DUNG
2.1. Giao du giira Vo Ngai v o l Tham Thuyen Ki
Vo Nggi ( S i i ) , chua ro nam sinh va mit, sing vap the ky thir VIII, gee An Df, djnh eu va tu o chiia Tjnh Cu, niii Ciru Chan, huyen Nhgt Nam, Ai Chau, thupc tinh Thanh H6a ngay nay'^'.
Ong la mpt thiin su, gioi thifn djnh va thuyet phap, dugc Tham Thuyen Ki ton xung l i "Thugng nhan", "Dai sT' v i c6 lam mgt bai tho khen nggi Dal sT nhu i i mgt h6a than cua Phgt.
Oirng truo'c Vo Ngai, T h i m Thuyf n Kl IM' cam t h i y minh nho be va mong mupi. Ve cupc digi s u nghifp cua Vo Nggi, t i i lieu Ijch sir de khac sat cho t f l thcri diem nay r i t It oi, trong Thiin uyin tip anh, cuon sach viet xong v i o khoang thgi thjnh Tran va dugc cho la tii lifu day dil nhat ghi chep lai hanh trgng cua cac thien s u trong vuon thiin Vift Nam tu' cuoi the ky VI den the ky Xlll cung khong tim thay, VI vgy thien su chi dugc biet qua su mo ta trong mpt bai tho cua nha tho Tham Thuyf n Kl ma thoi,
Tham Thuyen Ki (ite)t8, khoang 656 - 714), t y Van Khanh, nguo'i Ngi Hoang, Tugng Chau (nay la huyfn Noi Hoang, tinh H i Nam), Theo sir lieu cho biet, ong la mpt trong nhung nha tho n i l tieng thoi so Duong bj day sang An Nam. Trong tho'i gian g An Nam, ong
da v i i t khoang 13 bai tho'^'. Mot trong nhtrng bai tho d f cap td'i m i i giao hao giua nha tho vol V6 Nggi ia bai Ciru Chan san Tinh Cw tw yit Vd Nggi thwang nhin ( ( ( J L j ! a i » l l * i l j E ! # ± A ) / B i i kien thugng nhan V6 Ngai chiia Tinh C u 6 niii CCru Chan:
* ± t S » , S-SltBBI™. AtiHatSi , 01 '>B»»!Sil , / 6 I « 5 * * . «»»MS, , S!»
s?as«, Ena*«. «iH«^=, mm fiitsasa , wKftssi. Bta.Ami',««
(Binh Dinh Cau va c i c cpng sy, 2015:
1047-1048).
Han Viet:
Dal si sinh Thifn Triic, phin thin hca Nhat Nam. Nhan trung xuat phien nap, son ha tire gia lam. Tieu gian huong vi sat, nguy phong thach t i e khim.
Hau thiin thanh coc nhO, khuy giang bgch vifn tham. D i n g ai van gian bich, hoa lan thach hg dam. Tuyin hanh u cung hao, lam quai due y kham. D f tir ai v6 thirc, y vuong tich vi d i m . Cg nghi van b i t nhj, mong mupi tire trieu tam. Due ciru nhan duyen li, lieu khoan ph6ng khi tam. Sieu nhien Ho khf tjch, song thp hg hu lam.
Dich nghTa:
Oai si sinh ra tir Thien Triic (An Dp), phan than hpa dp g Nhat Nam. T r i n gian h i t phiin nao, duo'i nui la Gia lam (chi chiia Tjnh Cu). Ngoi chiia
NGUYEN PHUOC TAM - MOI GIAO LUU GlCfA CAC VAhmjAN^
b f n khe s u i l nho quyfn toa hugng khdi - chiia trong khfi t6a - giong nhu chiia duge tao nen boi khbi huong, mom nui cao chot v6t l i y d i 16 l i m ngi thf' tugng Phgt. Bo cau den uong nud'c ben khe s u i l dang trong dgi ngoi thien eting thiin su, trfn c i y chu vugn tring dang ngoi lfng le trpm nhin giang kinh phip. D i y thich m i y q u i n l i y v i c h tuo'ng, hca thugng d i dui^i d i m h i . S u i l d^p n i m p' I i i s i u , rirng cao tree i p t i m . D i n g buon l i d f tir ehua biet, d i n g tiie l i nhtrng d i i u n i y Phft chua tirng n6i qua.
Dang liie hud'ng ve Phat m i ldng v i n c f n t i n tgi nghi hofc, nghe dugc Vo Nggi giang ve Phip m6n B i t nhj, nhtrng m f m u f i liin tan bien. Mucn tim hiiu ly nhan duyf n, d i m dgo quf n x i u h i . Mai bud'c vugt qua ranh gioi khe Ho, hoing h f n nha nhem chgm k h i p c i y Sa-la khi n i o kh6ng hay biit.
Tir tifu d i b i i tho eho biet Tham Thuyen Kl tirng den tham v i h i u ehuyfn vdi Dgi sT Vo Nggi tai chiia Tjnh C u niii Ciru Chin - An Nam.
Nhung cau tho d i u , t i c gia mo ta vj tri chiia VO'i khung canh thifn nhlfn thg mpng. 0 dp cc mpt vj Dal si uy luc, nhu hoa trong birc tranh thifn nhien mpt m i u xanh t h i m . . . Vgn vgt nhu chim choc, khi vugn... dang huong ve Dgi sT, trong chf' Nguoi tga thien, giang phip, nhu m u i n hoa giai nhCrng noi kho dau an t i n g bfn trong ciia minh: "Bo c i u den uing nud'c ben khe suoi dang trong dgi ngoi thiin ciing thien su/ Tren eay chil vugn
tring dang n g i i ling le trom nhin giang kinh phip",
Dirng trudc mpt vj tu thiin cao minh v i d i y uy lyc nhu vfy, nha tho cam thiy minh b f n h i , m f mufl; nhung d i n g thoi cung cam thiy r i t may man khi c6 duyfn duge h i u ehuyfn va nghe Ngugi tuyfn giang v i ly nhan duyfn: "Oing buon l i d f tir chua biit/Ding tiic l i nhii'ng dieu n i y Phft chua tu'ng ndi qua/Dang lue huo'ng ve Phit m i Ifng v i n eon ton tgi nghi hofc/Nghe dugc V6 Ngai giang ve Phip mon B i t nhj (vgn vgt binh d i n g , khOng Ifch ben n i y hgy ben kia), nhu'ng me muoi lien tieu tan". Xet t u
"df tir" g e i u 13 trong bai thg - Tham Thuyfn Ki t y nhan minh l i de tir eua Vo Nggi, cO the phin doin l i n h i thg da quy y tam bao. Bo'l, theo If thugng mot khi d i la "df tir" ciia Phat, cua to hay ciia su nao d i y , thi thugng phai quy y Phgt Phip Tang. Neu suy Iugn n i y la diing thi day l i mpt cau ehuyfn h i t sire thil vj, vl lan dau tien ta bat ggp hlnh anh cua mpt n h i tho Ion dd'i Duong quy nguong truoc mot vj tang nhan Viet Nam iuc b i y gig.
D i i m 161 cuin cua bai tho han kh6ng chi CO t h i . Lifn quan den dien tich "Ho khe" (khe suil Ho) o hai cau k i t cua bai tho cling co sue h i p d i n khong kem: "Sif u nhien Ho khf tjch/Song thp hg hu lam", khi lifn he giai thoai dan gian " H i khf tam tieu"'^'. Qua day cho thiy nha tho T h i m Thuyen Ki coi trpng Oai si Vo Nggi, m i l quan hf giao du qua lgi giua hp cung v6 ciing t i t dpp.
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQI so 5 (261) 2020
2.2. Giao du giira Lifu HOu Phucmg vd'i Liiu Tong Nguyen
Lifu Htru Phuong (IS * * , khoang 773-?), hp Lifu, t y Du Khanh, sau lay tu lam t f n , ngup'l Giap Chau - An Nam, Thud nho eham ch! dpc s i c h , thupc nhieu thg van. Ong thi d6 T i i n si v i p n i m thir 11 Nguyen H6a ddi Budng Hien T6ng, tung dam nhlfm eie quan h i m nhu Huyfn Ifnh V i n Duong phii Kinh Trifu, Hifu thu lang trieu dinh'*'. Lifu Huu Phugng l i mpt ngudi c6 tiing tam d viing d i t Giap Chi, dieu nay dugc the hien trpng dfng chQ' ghi trfn mp chl hifn ccn cua ong; "Do hoi tre khie kho hpc hanh, vin chuong thong s u i t , danh tieng khip Giao Chr'^', Htru Phuong tung c6 m i l quan hf giao hao vdi khong it eie nha thg, nha van, nha t u tudng ldn ddi Dudng nhu Lieu Tong Nguyen (773 - 819), Han Du (768 - 824)... Vdi mft van si gioi van chuong nhu vay, sing t i c thg van cua ong c h i c rang khong ehi co mot, nhung luu truyin din nay ma ta b i i t dugc thi ehi duy nhat mpt bai tho tir tuyet co thi kem ldl ky, nhan de la Di Iwsan ( «|JJ6S) lJfia]A/iit Ifn quan tai ke sT d q u i n trp [kfm Idi ky]). Bai tho nay con eo nhan de khie la Ting Biru Ke nghich lir sT nhin minh thi ( ( 8 | ! S ) ( | i I K ± A a i f / M g t bai tho ghi nhd eh6n cat ke si d quan trp Biru Ke) (Banh Ojnh C i u va c i c cpng sy, 2015; 5550).
Lifu Tong Nguyfn (UiisSS, khcang 773 - 819), ty Tir Hgu, ngudi Ha Oong (nay la thanh p h i Vinh Te, tinh Sgn Tay).
Nam 21 tuoi, Tong Nguyen 36 t i i n si.
26 tuoi do Khoa hong tir b i c hoc, dugc trao ehue Chinh t u thu vien difn tap h i i n . bng tirng dam nhiem c i c chuc Huyen iiy huyfn Lam Oien, Ly h i n h ngy sir g i i m sat. Nam thu 21 (805) nien hifu Trinh Nguyfn, fng ciing c i c T u ma khac tham gia tgp d o i n Vuong Thiie Van v i Vuong Phi, chii trugng cieh tan chinh trj (liic n i y Tong Nguyfn thing nham Lf bp vifn ngogi lang). Cupc c i c h t i n bj thit bgi, sau dp ke thi bj gift, ngudi thi bj giing chuc l i m T u ma d cac chiu huyfn xa x6i, Lifu T6ng Nguyen bj giing ehirc lam T u ma d Vinh Chau (nay l i huyfn Linh Lang, tinh H6 Nam). Sau 10 n i m , f n g duge ve kinh thanh, nhung kheng bao lau Igi bj giing chuc di l i m quan Thich sir Lifu Chau (nay la thanh p h i Lieu Chau, tinh Quang Tay) 4 nam...
(Lifu Tong Nguyfn, 1979: 1). Thdi gian l i m quan d LTnh Nam, fng giao du vdi Lieu Hiru Phuong, ngudi Giao Chau - mot thanh nien t i l hoa, n i l tiing. M i l giao hao i y duge the hifn qua hal bai: Tdng thi nhin Liiu Hiru Phwang tw ( « i S i t A 8 S S » > /Ldl tya tang n h i thg Lieu Htru Phugng), c6 doan: " . . . ^ * t f f l « t « B • # « ( t i J : ' I^IS
¥ + ( - f P r t ) IBS:?*!-. » S i » W A » l i
[...Nay Lifu sinh tinh cich mgnh me, c i n trpng, lai trung hau; hifu de, thinh that, khiem nhudng. L i y pham chat d ben trong i y ma the hien ra b f n ngoii thanh van chuong, co c i i dgo phong nhg cug tho Dudng, phai chang day la dugc tap hgp d cho anh sing mgt trdi chieu sol? La hiem co vgy] (Lieu
NGUYEN PHUi^C TAM - MOI GIAO LUU GlCJ'A CAC V A N N H A N _ T6ng Nguyfn, T i p Minh Cuong, 1997:
207), B i i Dip cong sT Lieu Hiru Phwang luan vin thw ( « S S ± 8 W * i 6 s w ; "His, m%&: a»»:r*'aa«-(i-»
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* . S S e . " [Ngiy 3, Tfng Nguyfn thua: t u sau khi nhfn dugc thu ciia Tu t i i 6ng, biit 6ng m u i n t6i viit ldl tya, Nhung 161 v i i t v i n chuong, kh6ng de d i n g tiiy t i f n viit. Con d i i vdi Tii t i i f n g , t6i kh6ng d i m ich ky khong viit. Luc 161 d kinh thanh, hay diing v i n chuong 6e to I6ng tran trgng Idp sau; t h i h f sau do v i n chuong ciia toi m i khOng it ngudi biet den (nil tieng). Tir sau khi toi roi vao canh bj d i y al, e i m tham chinh, cang bj bpn tieu nhin g i f m pha reu rap cgt nha, ciing t h f m p h i n tpi trgng v6 danh - kh6ng dang tin tudng, ngudi n i m chinh quyen cho ring tdi 6 ue nang ne, deu tim each xa lanh t61. Nay ban than khong ngd se viet Idi tua cho Til tai dng, Tu t i i 6ng chang If kh6ng co dugc nhtrng difu t i t dep cua ngiy xua, m i s g bj lifn Igy viec t f i bj biim trich? Toi vl the cam thiy lo nggi. Ma trang phuc lpng l i y ggn gang nhu the Igi qua lai vdi ngudi than nho ban nhu 161, thi c6 gi de tr6ng cay dau? Tuy
v i y , t h i y Tu t i i 6ng ehin thinh, suy nghi v6 ciing s i u xa, kh6ng vi tu lgi nhit thdi, ma m u i n l i y dieu n i y de d i n t h i n v i o s y nghifp van hgc nghf thuft. If nhgc. T h i thi, toi l i m sao dam t u c h i i dugc? Nen v i i t vai d i n g cho Tii t i i ong; nhung m i , neu hoin t o i n kh6ng n i i trpi hgn nhung gl d ddi ngiy n i y , thi chpn nhung npi dung khfng bj ngudl the tuc xui b f y - kich dpng, mdi viit ra chp mgi ngudi xem. Vira khdng c6 gi lien luy tdi Til t i l Ong, lgi kh6ng thfm nhue ma t f i , xem ra khong c6n gl thich hgp hgn nhu t h i . N i u diing l i co t h i nhu the, vfy thi nhtrng ldl n6i sao ring ciia t61 vugt khdi khuon s i o roi. Tong Nguyen thua.] (Lifu Tong Nguyfn, T i o Minh Cuong, 1997:281).
Tir hai b i i viet tren, co the t h i y Lifu Tfng Nguyfn rat coi trpng Lifu Hu-u Phuong, gitra hp ee m i i quan he qua lgi. Ofc bift khpang thdi gian T f n g Nguyfn bj giang chirc, bj mpi ngudi xa linh, vi bj trieu dinh quy tpi cau k i t Igt d i trieu dinh, Huu Phuong da den vdi ong vdi m f t tam hon cao thugng, mpt nhan each, mpt tai nang ldn luc b i y gid.
2.3. Giao du gi&a Quang Tuyen vdi van nhan n h i Dudng
Quang Tuyfn ( r t ) , nam sinh nam mat hien ehua ro, song vao t h i ky t h u Vlll, hp Lieu, ngudi Giao C h i u - An Nam (Phf Toan T6ng, 1987: 541), gitr chuc quan Cung phung. Ong tung c6 thdi gian d nhd tren dat Ba Thuc. T u hai bai thg Cung phung Dinh phip sir quy An Nam ( mm-S.mm3Sm) ) vi
TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HQI so 5 (261) 2020
Ting Dinh phip sw quy Thue, phap sw Hrc Hing lau vign Cung phung Quang Tuyin thwgng nhin huynh dg [ ((Sfttt
ffiss, ftwPttisis(»*rK±AaB> ]
(Binh Djnh Cau va cac cpng s u , 2015:
10-3722) ciia Dugng C u Nguyen, cho biet Quang Tuyen cd mpt ngudi anh em ten Ojnh. Nha nghifn cuu Tran Nghia co If da dua vao dong chu thich trong nhan de b i i tho thir hal xic djnh vai v i glira hp ring: "Thugng nhin Quang Tuyfn la anh cua p h i p su Djnh... Phap s u [Djnh] la em cua fng Cung phung V i f n hcng lau Thugng nhan Quang Tuyen" (Trin NghTa, 2000: 131). M i c dii nhan de bii tho c6 ehu thich la "huynh df", nhung tren thyc t i khfng co tai lifu hio xac thyc al la anh ai la em. Chi cd thi biet hai anh em hp deu gitr chue Cung phgng, dja vj cap trong xa hoi biy gid. Ve t i e p h i m van hoc, sach Suu fam va khao luin tic phim chu- Hin ngwdi Viet Nam trwdc thi ky X ciia Tran Nghia khfng t h i y lift ke t i c pham n i o cua Quang Tuyen. Tuy nhif n, trong Toin Dwdng thi t h i y hien luu 17 b i i tho (Banh Djnh Cau va c i c cfng sy, 2015: 9269-9272) va 6 bai lien cu (Banh Djnh Cau va cac cpng sy, 2015: 8889-8890) [hlnh thirc lien cil la g i m hal ngudi trd len, moi ngudi l i m mpt hpgc tren mpt cau roi ghep Igi thanh mpt bai tho], Ngoai ra, cf Hing liu tap, nhung nay chua tim Ihiy, Tir tai lieu hien con cho biit, Quang Tuyen tung ngao du khip noi, tir Ba Thuc den Trudng An, tung l i m tho xudng hpa ciing vdi nhieu si phu (vin nhan, thi sT, danh than) trung ky
ddi Dudng. Tho van ciia dng nhgn dugc s u ca nggi cua cac si phu thdi i y . Dudi day, chiing tdi chu y i u diem qua mpt s i tua de b i i tho the hifn m i i quan he giao luu giira Quang Tuyfn v i <:ac dgi sT phu nhg Dudng:
Glgo du vdi VT Cao « * , 745/746-805).
VI Cao, t y Thanh Vu (cung gpi la Vu Thin), ngudi Van Nifn, Kinh Trifu (nay l i thinh p h i T i y An, Thiem Tiy), cu sT Phat giac, dong thdi l i mpt danh tudng thdi Oudng Dire T6ng. Tir bai tho Quing Tuyen thwgng nhin ky tgi Thue dw Vi lenh edng xwdng hga thi quyin, nhin dTlgnh cdng thit trie dip
thi thi chi («rs±Asa«»*'&aiiH«i»
i g H J . : i - ^ & ¥ t L S B * i > /Bai tho xudng hpa cOa Thugng n h i n Quang Tuyfn liie s i n g nhd d Ba Thgc vdi VI Lf nh ceng vi the Lenh cong l i y tho viet tay tgng d i p Igi Phip su) (Banh Ojnh Cau v i c i c cpng sy, 2015: 4058) ciia Luu Vu Tich chP biet 6ng tung d Ba Thuc v i tung giap luu xudng hpa tho ea vdi danh tudng nay. T i i c ring tho ca xudng hpa i y da m i t .
Giao du vdl Luu Vu Tich ( * l S ffi , khoang 772 - 842). Luu Vu Tich t y Mpng D i e , ngudl Banh Thanh (nay la thanh p h i Tir Chau, tinh Giang To), dugc Bgch C u Dj suy t6n l i "thi hio".
Thg ca xudng hpa giira hp hifn ccn 3 bai: Tuyen thwang nhan vien ky hda le bg Vwang thi lang phdng bing hiu thi nhin nhi ki hga ( C a i A i S ^ W i f L a i B ^ a a « i e H H i i i i « S > /Thugng n h i n Quang Tuyfn girl tho ehiie Vuong Khdi nhgm chirc Le b f thi lang sau khi do d f nhi bang, theo d f hai b f n t i i p
NGUY6N PHUOC TAM - Mill GIAO LUU GltfA CAC VANJjHAN^
tuc c f tho d i i d i p qua lgi), Quing Tuyin thwgng nhin ky tgi Thgc dir Vt Linh cdng xwdng hga thi quyin nhin dT lenh cdng thtj trie dip thi thi ehi ( « r i : ± A 1 f f f i S 4 - * * £ « f l - » l i f « H H « 4 >
¥+LSi>f*2.) ), Tong Tue Tie phip sw quy thwgng dd nhin trinh Quing Tuyen thwang nhin ( <(Sw;!jsj[sa±ffi H E r t t ± A > n"ifn Phip su T u f T i c ve Kinh 0 6 n h i n d6 girl Idi cam on d i n Thugng nhan Quang Tuyfn). Tuy nhlfn, p h i n tho Quang Tuyfn d i n nay khfng cdn. NOI t h f m , trong Idi dan eua b i i tho Ting Tui Tic phip sw quy thugng dd nhin trinh Quing Tuyin thwang nhin eua Luu Vu Tich c6 e i u : "Trudc day d i tung g f p g d Thugng nhan Quang Tuyfn, nay nhd (ngil Tue T i c ) girl Idi cam on ciJa t f i den Thugng nhan/iTiEBLhA , S S ^ i l l "
(Luu Vu Tich, Cu Thoii Vifn, 1989:
955), v i theo Dwdng thi ky sw hiiu tiin (quyen 72) cung eho biet, gitra n i m H f l Xuong, Quang Tuyfn co nhung b i i tho n i i tieng, c6 m i l quan hf r i t t i t vdi Luu Mfng D i e (Ke Huu Cong, Vuong Trpng Dung, 1989:
1919). Tir nhirng thOng tin trfn chp thiy Luu Vu Tich, Quang Tuyen ( v i ca Tuf Tic) la nhung ngudi bgn t i t . Giap du vdi H i n Du (8:8:, 768 - 824).
Han Du t y Thpii Chi, ngudl H i Dugng (nay l i thanh p h i Manh Chau, tinh Ha Nam). Ong t u xung l i "Qugn vpng Xuong L f , nfn ngudi ddi gpi f n g la "Han Xugng Le" hay "Xuong Lf tifn sinh". Ong l i mpt nha van hpe, nha triet hgc. Han DO tung giao luu vdi cac van si ddi Dudng nhu Gia
Oao, Ly Hg, Lu D i n g , Mgnh Giao, Ly Cao...; ong cDng c6 qua Igi vdi Quang Tuyfn. D i i u n i y dugc biit qua b i i : Quir7g Tuyin thwgng nhin tin kiin q u i ( « r i ± A « ! t « i > rruwgng nhan Quang Tuyfn nhieu l i n tdi tham hoi):
HH(-f^+)A'B*a». ^»RMaia>«. ^ Si ( - * * ) W±S»»1- . S 1 S i « « ! » t t « .
» A * , ttiH-«««n«.
(Binh Ojnh Cau v i c i c epng sy, 2015:
3854).
Hin Viit:
Tam bich (nhit t i c thgp) Igc tuan trudng nhieu nhieu, bat xung phong vu tuc t r i n ai. Ciru t i m (nhat t i c vl) triiu si v6 tl b i , khfng quy cao t i n g s i ving lai. Hpc dgp ciing nifn h i s d die, ngim thi cinh nhgt vj n i n g hoi.
Thifn h i n e i t y du n h i n thiiu, hong difp song t i i n huu ky d f i .
Dich nghTa:
Thugng nhan Quang Tuyfn thudng xuyfn tdi tham toi vdi dang ve be bpn, gif mua khfng can bui bam khd n g i n , Cu cam thiy minh khfng cc t i i can gi de giiip ich che cac dai t h i n trpng trieu, cung kheng xung vdl t i m Ifng cao t i n g da nhiiu lan tham v i i n g , Trai bao thing ngiy hpc tgp tim hieu dao thinh hien Nho gia ma kh6ng ggt h i i dugc bao nhieu, cao t i n g t i n g thg ma ta tu cam thiy minh t i i hen hpc it s u i t ngiy can n h i c chua the phuc d i p . Thdi tiet dan d i n lanh leo du khach vieng chiia moi luc mpt thua thdt, nhirng chiec la do n i m chdng chenh trudc eua so da chat day may Idp.
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQI so 5 (261) 2020 Giao du vdi Duong C y Nguyen ( f t E i g , 755 - 833?). Duong C y Nguyen t u Cinh Son, sau doi ten l i C y T i , ngudi Ha Trung (nay thupe huyen Vinh T i , tinh Son Tay). Ong thi d i tiin si n i m 789 ddi Dudng Dire Tdng, tirng kinh qua cac chirc quan nhu Bi thu lang, T h i i thudng bac si, Q u i c tCr ti nghifp, Duong C u Nguyfn l i nha thff n i l tling thdi trung Dudng, tung xudng hpa vdl; Bach C u Dj, Han DO, Nguyfn Chan, Truong Tieh, Vuong Kifn, Luu VD Tich, Gia Dao, Hua Hin... Ong hien con khoang 150 b i i thg, de t i i kha rgng, chii de tho tifn bift xudng hpa eo khoang 80 bai, trong d6 c6 3 bai de tang Quang Tuyfn, gom: Xuin tuyit di Hwng Thiin tw Quang Tuyen thwang nhin Tnie viin ( « » » H « S # r a : ± A t « t >
/Viit v i khi tiet nhu cay true eua Thugng n h i n Quang Tuyfn d chiia Hung Thifn v i o djp Xuan tuyit bay ngip loi), Hda Quyin twang cdng Nam viin nhan thigp ky Quang Tuyin thwgng nhin ( aamB-&mm»»^rtJi A ) /Cung Quyen tudng cfng dgo budc trong Ngm vien girl Thugng nhin Quang Tuyen) v i Hda Ttinh twdng cong tim Tuyen thwgng nhgn bit ngd ( ( ( f t » f f l f i # « ± A ^ i a > /Cung Trjnh tudng c6ng tim Thugng nhan Quang Tuyen m i khong gap). Dang liic l i thg Quang Tuyen da that truyen.
Trong cai nhin cua Duong C u Nguyen, Quang Tuyfn khi chat Hem khiet, kien oudng, the hifn qua b i i Xuan tuyit di Hwng Thign tw Quang Tuyen thwgng nhin True viin:
« i g « a « , 'ASitmm. vsmmmm. ffiiw tt»m.
» « f t g S i , ^.tfi-.-k-^'. R E S B f l , He=F ffltSS.
(Binh Ojnh C i u va cac cfng su, 2015:
3720).
Hin Viet:
Giap khiit thanh lifn khich, p h i n huong dpi tuyet trieu. True npi th6i tich lich, hca vu nhugng phieu dieu.
Xuc thach hoa van tich, uynh tri phit thiiy tifu. Chi tugng tugng nhft nguyet, nhan s i c bat tuong nhieu.
Dich nghTa:
Vj khaeh (tang, chi Quang Tuyfn) s i n g trong tya hoa sen la xanh ngit, dot huong (tinh tga) ngim tuyit roi.
Hang true khua ti tach, mua hoa theo l i n gio bay phit phdi. Ngpn niii cao chbt vot vdi nhirng d i m may cuf n bay, ho nudc bao quanh xanh ngit gif ggn nhp. Theo ngiy thing troi qua, vgn v f t theo do cung ua tan (tang nhan eung gia di).
Theo Dwdng tii tir truyin hieu tien, v i o nam Nguyen Hoa, Quang Tuyfn den Trugng An, d chiia Hung Thifn, Duong Cy Nguyfn da l i m b i i thg tren (Phf T o i n Tong, 1987: 541). C y Nguyen noi ve pham chat v i khi tiit eua Quang Tuyfn, t i i p d f t i c gia mifu ta khong gian vj tang nhan dang ngoi n g i m tuyet miia xuan. C f the n6i n i u kh6ng ngudng m f v i quy trpng t i l nang va cot eich ciia Quang Tuyen thi tac gia khfng mieu ta tudng tgn nhu vay.
Giao du vdi Bgch C u Dj ( e g f i , 772 - 845). Bach C u Di t y Lgc Thifn, hieu C u si Huong Sgn hgy Tiiy Ngam tien
NGUYEN PHUtiC TAM - MOI GIAO LUU GlCfA CAC VAN NHANL sinh, g Ha Khuf (nay la huyfn Vj Nam,
tinh ThiimTay). Bgch C u Dj gioi thg v i n , thong nhac luit; la mpt trpng ba nha thg ldn nhit ddi Dudng (Bgch C u Dj, 0 6 Phii, Ly Bach). 0 6 Phil duge ngudi ddl xung l i "thi thinh", Ly Bgch dugc xung l i "thi tifn", c f n Bgch C u Dj dugc xung la "thi ma". Theo Dudng tii tu' truyin hiiu tiin, v i p gitra nhirng n i m Nguyfn HOa, Quang Tuyfn ddi d i n d Vifn Hong L i u chiia An Q u i c (Phd Toan Tfng, 1987: 541), do gioi tho ca nen duge cac Hoing d i eoi trpng, v i p hai triiu Hiin Tpng v i Mgc Teng, 6ng d i u l i m chuc Npi Cung phgng, d i n g thdi hoing d i cho phfp Ong d V i f n Hing L i g trcng chiia An Quic, c6 the thiy ring Quang Tuyfn l i m f t t i n g nhin gidl l i m tho v i cp nhirng van tho n i i tiing. Thdi gian d Vifn H i n g L i u , Bgch Cu Dj co lam bai tho Quing Tuyen thwgng nhin dt img chi thi kiin thi nhin dT tgng ehi chiiu hira thwang nhin ew An Quic tl/ Hing Hu viin dT thi cung phgng ( ((ra:±AaEfflSm7nE31UI92«i!^±AB S a # f l ; » K i : H t « * > /Thugng nhan Quang Tuyfn diing tho irng t i c biiu thj, theo d f t f i diing tho t i n g lgi thugng nhin. Thugng nhan dugc ban chiiu d Vien Hong L i u chua An Quic lay thg cung phgng). M i l giao dg xudng hga gitra Quang Tuyfn va Cu Dj con t h i hifn qua bai tho k h i d i e bift khac la 7"^ng biet Tuyin thwang nhin ( mmU±A.) /Tang tho tien biet Thugng nhan Quang Tuyfn):
iAtesi?. mffpsmu ? 014 ajSTE, ffi*5p
vtn (-ffKS) i s s a (-fffls) • R'"
«'£.^. »iMSIEJLW.*L-«Slllft?
(Binh Djnh C i u v i cac cpng sy, 2015:
4849).
Hin Viit:
Thugng nhin xir the gidi, thanh tjnh h i sd tu? Tu bi bgch lien hoa, tgi thily b i t trude thuy. Tinh ehin (nhit t i e c h i n khfng) ngf b i o huyfn (nhit t i e huyin bao), hgnh khiit ly tran tir. Tu dgo lai ky thdi, t h i n t i m cu d i o thir.
Ta d u khlf n t h i v6ng, b i t d i e trudng y chi. Ly nifm d u bich van, thu lai trifu tjch khdi.
Dich nghTa:
Thugng nhan song d chon tran gian, Igc c i n thanh tinh giong vdi c i l gi day?
Nhu d f a sen tring kia, song d ngi do ban nhung van glu' dugc minh trong sach, Quang Tuyfn tam tinh tjch tinh ngp duge t i t ca c i c tudng (vgn s y vgn vat) deu la bpt bdng va ap anh, pham hgnh thanh cap khong bj nhtrng Igi danh trin the troi bupe. N g i l tu hinh trai qua bao nam thing, than tam d i u d i den duge col Phft roi Chang? Than 61 ta bj troi buoc bdi tran t h i suit ngay b i n bju, khdng dugc thudng xuyen g i n gui vdi thugng nhan de duge nghe nhtrng Idi day bao. Bift ly ciing may biic, thdi gian mtia thu, cu thf trfi di.
B i i tho dugc lam khi Bach C u Di l i n dau lam quan g kinh d6 Trudng An, la bai tho tifn bift tang nhan Quang Tuyen. Trong tho, Bgch C u Dj ca nggi
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQl so 5 (261) 2020 v i ngudng mg Quang Tuyen tuy song d chon pham t r i n nhung pham hgnh thgnh tjnh, cao khiet nhu hoa sen, da hiiu s i u s i c giao ly nha Phat, g i i c ngO vgn vat tren ddi chi nhu ao anh m i th6i, Nhin ngudl t h i y ta, nha thg phan tinh, cam t h i y xau h i khi ban thin c6n q u i ban bju vdi cugc ddi, kh6ng dugc thudng xuyfn nghe nhtrng Idi giao h u i n cua Thugng nhin. Tir b i i tho eho t h i y m i l quan hf gida Bach C u Dj va Quang Tuyen l i rit mat thiit, tung co giao du xudng hpa tho ca, tuy nhien, dieu d i n g t i i c l i , phin tho Quang Tuyfn d i n h cho Cu Dj da t h i t Igc.
Giao du vdi Ly leh (mtt, 748 - 829). Ly Ich tu Q u i n Ngu, ngudi C6 Tgng, Luong Chau (nay la khu Lugng Chau, thinh p h i Vu Uy, tinh Cam Tuc; l i mft nha thg n i l tieng tifu bleu cho tnrdng phai tho bifn tai thdi ky trung Dudng. Theo Dirdng thi ky sw hiiu tien thi Ly Ich dugc xem la mpt trpng mudi til tir v i p nhii'ng nam Dai Ljch Oudng Sgi T6ng (776 - 779). Mudi t i l tir nay gom: Lf Luan, Tien Khdi, Lang SI Nguyfn, T u Khong Thy, Ly Dpan, Ly Ich, Mieu Phat, Hoang Phu Nhiem, Canh Vi, Ly Gia Huu. Ly Ich giap luu rpng rai vdi nhiiu van si, dac biet c6 mil quan he mat thiit vdi Quang Tuyfn. O l i u nay the hien qua it nhit 11 b i i tho cua Ly Ich trong Toin Dudng thi, nhu bai: Hi nhgp Lan Lang vgng Tir Cic phong trinh Tuyin thwgng nhan ( mAi±mmiSmma,M±.
A ) /Vui den djnh c u phudng Lan Lang n g i m nui Tu' Cac trinh Thugng
nhan Quang Tuyen), Dip Quing Tuyen Cung phung vin Lan Ling cw ( { { S r i : l » » r " T M H B > /Tra ldi quan Cung phgng Qgang Tgyfn v i nhtrng Idi hoi han v i c h i d Lan Lang [cua tfi]), Nghe Hong Lau viin tim Quing Tuyen bat ngg Iwu di ( ( ( i i B : » K # r »
=FiISH> /Bai tho n g i u hung khi den Vifn Hong Lau tim Quang Tuyfn nhung khfng ggp). Kbit Khoan thiin sw anh san Idi trinh Tuyen Cung phyng ( « £ 3 E ! « » « l i l S B « : « » > /Xin binh dyng cua Thien su Duy Khoan trinh Cung phgng Qgang Tgyen), Tang Tuyen dai sw ( ( ( l i i A a ) /Tfng Dgi s u Qggng Tgyen), Hing Lau hg liin cil { ((SUSTK-SJ)) /Lifn cil [gom 3 ngudi, m i i ngudi gom 2 ciu] dudi Vifn Hong Liu), Lan Lang tjch cw liin cit ( « s i S » ) l K < g ) /Lifn oil [3 ngudi]
s i n g d noi heo l i n h Lan Lang), Tuyen thwang nhan benh trung twang tim lien cu ( « l : ± A ( H * H » K - e ] > /Lifn cii [2 ngudl] tim nhau luc Thugng nhan Quang Tuyfn lam bfnh). Bat nguyet ngu thip da, Tuyen thwang nhan dgc du An Quic tw San Dinh vien bd nhin, tri minh twang chi, nhin thogi tie tiiu, thira hwng lien eu ( iiAM - h i S l J i A S t
» S l B # U i e K * A i g i ! i J f i 5 H i S » ? * « « «
•S])> (-fts ( ( A f l - I - I B S , l i A a i i f S H
# a i E l S * ^ , ¥ # A - | - H i g i i i i S 5 , Egisms W , ^ri^^)) /Lifn cu [2 ngudi] dem ngay 15 thing 8 Thugng nhan Quang Tuyen mpt minh dao bude dudi i n h trang trudc Sgn dinh vifn [noi trong khu vye chiia An Q u i c ] , Trung thu ly xa nhan thgp de Ly leh den mupn, tro ehuyen t h i u dem, v6 ciing vui ve).
NGUY£N PHU(5C TAM - M6i GIAO LUU GlCfA CAC VANJIMAi'i_
Trung dwong da tip Lan Ling ew dir Tuyen thwgng nhin tiin eu ( '(SEaS^
S I S B ! S » ± A K « ] > /Lifn cu [2 ngudi]
d f m Trung Duong hpi tg tgi Lan L i n g eiing vdi Thugng nhan Quing Tuyen), v i DO Tuyin Cung phung hui anh tdn quy Hgnh Khe viin tien oil ( -^^ a t f t * tUtfWSSiSHK'Sl) /Lifn cil [2 ngudQ eiing Cung phgng Qging Tgyfn mang theo b i u rugu tdi vudn Hgnh Khf). 0 day, chung tdi xin dan t o i n v i n b i i Tuyin thwgng nhin binh trung twang tim tiin cii Se biet thfm t h i thg hlnh thuc lien oil cua ngudl xua v i m i i quan h f t h i n thiet eua c i c v i n n h i n :
Siffii#s, iaBas9. ««*»!?. a s «
HA (rs) .»*»=Fa . »*i=iA». a » - B r t . a * II135SS mm '°'-
Hin Viet:
Sieh trugng nghfnh thi khich, quy phong ly bjnh t h i n . Nhin t h i u v f hifu duge, biin ky hCru tinh nhin (Quang Tuyfn).
Thao mpc p h i n thifn p h i m , phuong thu v i n Igc trin, Hoan tri nhat that n f i , nga nhi tire thien t h i n (Ly Ich).
Dich nghTa:
Ching ggy don tiip nha tho tdi tham, ve phong chua trj chifc than bfnh tat.
Thuic thang d i u khong cd hieu qua, tim khap gCri tdi ngudi ban tham giao (Quang Tuyen).
Thao mgc chia thinh nghin logi, sich y duge tra hoi s i u loai lugng thye.
Lufn cam thay trong can phdng i y , toi v i n g i i than thiet tg nhu nhtrng ngudl Chung m f t n h i (Ly Ich).
Bai tho n i y dugc sang t i c trong khoang thdi gian Quang Tuyen lam bfnh, Ly Ich tdi v i n an ong.
Ngoai ra, Quang Tuyfn cung tung giao luu tho van vdl nhieu sT phu khic, nhu Truong Tjch ( * » , khoang 767- 830) qua bai tho Ting Quing Tuyin sw ( ( ( w r a f f i ) ^ S n g thiy Quang Tuyfn), Trjnh Nhan ( » « , 752 - 829) c6 Phung thii Tuyin thwgng nhin cwu nguyit thip ngu nhit Ddng dinh vgng nguyit kiin tgng, nhan hoii Tir Cie
cwu du (nmii.tKxsi+iLB-K^nns.
m ' l i l l f S?IS)IBiS> /Tg dap Thugng nhin Quang Tuyen dem trang trdn ngiy 15 thing 9 d dinh phia ddng, bdi nhd lai l i n dgo choi ngay trudc dudi Tir Cic), Ung Oao (aptj, 805-?) c f An Quoc tw ting Quing Tuyin thwgng nhin ( I'S.n^mrS.l.Kt / O dudi m i l chiia An Quie lam tho tang Thugng nhin Quang Tuyfn), Tao Tiing (WIS, khoang 830-903) c6 Tgng Quing Tuyen dgi sw { imrm.:lz<M} /Tang Ogi su Quang Tuyen), Do Cao ( t t m, ?-821) CO Lan Ling tieh cw lien cu ( « = KIB?BK-S)) / Lien cii [3 ngudl]
sing d ngi heo linh Lan Lang), Nguyen Chan ( a « , 779 - 831) cn Hda Vwong thi lang thii Quang Tuyen thwang nhan quin phdng bang hiu twang ha ( {(fiiE(#6llSHr«J-.Al!Si!<gB«
H ) /Ciing Vuong thj lang d i i d i p vdl Thugng n h i n Quang Tuyfn sau khi thi dp chuc nhau), L f nh Ho Sg (-S-as, 766/768 - 837) CO Quang Tuyen du- Lgnh Ho Sd xwdng hga ( (<I"t.^-^uti 1 ft)) /Thugng nhan Quang Tuyfn xudng hpa vdi L f nh Ho Sd), Chuong
TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HQI so 5 (261) 2020 Hiiu Tifu ( « # f i i , 791 - 873) cd Thuc tnrng ting Quang Tuyen thwang nhin ( ( ( B t ' l B r ' t - t A ) ) /Tang Thugng nhan Quang Tuyen luc d Thue), Chu Loan (stciJS, song vao the ky Vlll) eo Qua Tuyin thwgng nhan hi thwgng lan nhwge ( < ( i ! t i ± A i i H J i ^ « ) /Sang c h i n yfn tinh ven ho c h i Thugng nhan Quang Tuyfn cutrii)...
3. KfiT LUAN
D i u thdi Bac thugc, mpt lugng dan khi ldn, chu yeu la tir trung nguyfn di eu d i n khu vyc An Nam, bdi nhieu ly dp khie nhau, Trcng s i nhung di d i n niy, c6 nhiiu vj hpc si, van nhan t i l hoa. Qua c i c i n g thg tifu b i i u d i dugc lift k f t r f n eho t h i y cac hogt dfng giao luu qua lai giua cae van nhin Nam B i c dudi thdi Oudng dien ra r i t s6i dpng va eo tinh thudng xuyfn. Oieu n i y cho t h i y gidi tri thuc ff Giao Chi thdi ky nay da co trinh dp rit eao; d i n g thdi nhung cupc giap luu difn ra hai chiiu - tuong kinh l i n nhau. Nhirng danh s u Viet Nam dugc mdi sang giang kinh phap cho n h i vua trong cung d i f n , hay nhu van nhin n i l tieng Tham Thuyen Kl ddl Dudng quy ngudng trudc thugng
nhan V6 Nggi - An Nam l i nhung minh ehirng dien hlnh.
Su giao du giua van nhan Vift - Hoa thdi nha Oudng khfng chi gldi hgn bdi eae trudng hgp vira neu trfn, m i edn nhieu hon t h i . Vi du m i i quan h f giao luu giua p h i p su Dmh va Duong C u Nguyfn (qua bai tho Cung phung Dinh phip sw quy An Nam/ ((ltt*SSffl i 3 $ l « > ) , Duy Giam va Gia Oao (qua b i i tho Tong An Nam Duy Giim phip sw/ «i*S:i«lf Sffi»> ), Hoang Tri Tan v i Gia Oao (qua bai tho Tong Hoang Tri [CO ban ghi la Hda] Tin quy An W a r n / ( ( a s * (-i¥m »r)3Sm>), m f t vj tang khuyit danh An Nam v i Truong Tjch (qua bai tho San trung [CO ban ghi la thwang quoc] tgng Nhit Nam tang/m<p ( - f f ± l l ) W B S f t ) ), Khuong Cong Phg va c i c sT phu xir Bac. Tuy nhlfn, trong gidi hgn b i i nghifn cuu nay chung toi chi chpn djch nghia va phan tich mflt vai b i i thg t i f u bleu, eon cae b i i tho lifn quan m i l giao hao hay tinh htru nghj giira van n h i n hai xu con lai, chii y i u chi diem qua nhan d f , mang tinh ggi y. •
CHU THiCH
'" Li phu thin cua Vyong Bdt. Vuong Bot (khoang 650 - 676) duo'c menh danh l i mft trong bin nhi tho xuit chung dau ddi Budng, sanh ngang vdi Duong Quynh (khoang 650 - 693), Ly Chiiu Lin (khoang 630 - 698) v i Lac Tin Vuong (khoang 638 - 684), goi l i Sa.Dudng tCrkiil. hoic hop gpi l i Vuang Du-ang Lir Lac.
™ Nhiiu nhi nghiin ciiu lien boi v i vin hpc co dai Vift Nam va lien quan ming niy deu xem VO Nggi l i ngydi An Nam, dien hlnh nhy Le Manh Thit trong sich Lich sir Phit giio Viit Nam (tip 2 2001) khing dinh: Vd Ngai l i "thien sy Vift Nam"; Nguyen Lang trong Viit Nam Phit giio 'sir luge (tip 1, 1992) d muc "Mot s6 cic vi ting sT (Vift Nam) khdng dugc
78 NGUYgN PHUOC TAM - MPl GIAO L U U GIO'A CAC VAN NHMI^
T h i f n u y i n t i p anh n h i c tdi" trong i!6 cd lift k i P h i p s y VO Nggi (xem tr. 107-112); s i c h Siru lim vi khio luin tic phim chir Hin ngudi V/f ( N a m tardc thi ky X (2000). T r i n Nghia cung l i f t V6 Nggi l i ngydi viing d i t An Nam; s i c h VSn hoc Phit giio Ihdi Lf - Trin: Diin mao v i d i e aim (2016), t i c gia N g u y i n COng Ly cd n h i c tdi s y khen nggi ciia T h i m T h u y i n Kl v f V6 Nggi, vdi y ca nggi t i i hoa dire d f ciia ngudi V f t Nam luc b i y g i * (xem tr.
90-93).
' " S o dgt Hoan Chiu (2 b i i ) , Hoan ChSu Nam dinh da vpng. Bi da tir thu. BO An Hii nhip Long BiSn. LCr ngu An Nam. Unh biSu phiing hSn thuc. Tdng Hoan ChSu giii trsch di trO son gian thuy Oinh tSng T6 sir quSn, Tam nhSI ddc tea Hoan Chiu lu ire cgu du. Tdng sOng san hudng Viit Thudng. BSp si mi dai thu ky gia nhSn. Thiiu Long It/ llnh tu vi Cthi ChSn san Tinh Cw tuyit Vd Ngai thugng nhSn ( B i n h Binh C i u v i c i c c f n g sy. 1960 ( t i i b i n 2015).
T o i n B u d n g (hi (quyen 4). B i c Kmh Tmng Hoa thu cyc, tr. 1029-1055
" ' " T i n q u i n . Vung d i t n y d c V i f t T h u d n g xua. N h i T i n chia l i m Tugng q u i n . Thdi H i n VO B i n i m t h y 6 n l i n h i f u Nguyin Binh thift l i p q u i n N h i t Nam, ddng 4 huyfn Chu N g i (nay l i thi x i B i n g Hdi, tinh Q u i n g Binh. Thdi B i n g H i n ddi ddng it huyfn T i y Q u y i n (nay l i thi x i Bdng H i , tinh Q u i n g Trj), khu v y c cai q u i n n i m d vung d i t Trung B f V i f t Nam n g i y nay. N y d c Ngd thdi Tam Q u i c chia N h i t Nam l i p q u i n Ciru BUc, n h i Tiiy lgi doi t h i n h Hoan C h i u " ( H i CCru Doanh, Vucmg Nmh, B i n g COn (chii biin), Thirong vu in thw quin biSn lip bd biin. 2015. TCr NguySn ( b i n thir 3, quyen Thypng). B i c Kinh' T h y o n g vy i n thy q u i n , tr. 1383).
*^' Theo t n i y f n t h u y i t P h i t mdn, p h i p s u T u f V i i n ddi Bdng Tan tyng s i n g d chua Bdng L i m n i m d y d i nui Ld. T r i i qua hon 30 n i m d d i y , d i t h i h i i n q u y i t t i m tu h i n h dng l i p m f t t h i y d c , r i n g : bdng khdng rdi khdi nui Ld, d i u khdng dinh v i o tran tgc, t i i n k h i c h b i t k i sang h i n , d i u khdng v y g l q u i c i y c i u b i c ngang con suoi, l i y khe s u i l Ho t r y d c chtia l i m ranh gidi. Tuy n h i i n . cd m f t l i n nho sT B i o U y i n Minh a L i t Ly (nay t h u f c t h i n h p h f Ciru Giang tfnh Giang T i y ) v i dgo si Luc Tu TTnh (sinh d t r i n Bdng T h i i n , He C h i u , C h i i t Giang) khdng hen m i cung d i n t h i m p h i p s y T u f V i i n . & dd, ba ngudi ciing trO e h u y f n vdi nhau r i t t i m d i u y hgp, m i n d i m budng x u i n g , T u f V l i n lyu luyen t i i n hai ngudi bgn v i . Od m i l m i c h u y i n trd m i q u i n m i t minh d i b y d c qua " H i k h i " m i y t r i m bydc, luc n i y d y d i khe s u i i bdng cd t i i n g h i gam Idn, T u f V i i n c h o i n h i n ra minh d i b y d c qua ranh gidi v i c i ba d i u p h i l i n c u d i roi tgm bift nhau, tir dd luu truyin trong d i n gian giai thogi " H i k h i tam t i i u " . C i u ehuyfn n i y cd t h i chi l i truyin ky giao du mang thdng d i f p "dung thOng"
t y t y d n g giOa ba vi T u f - B i d - Luc hay ndi r f ng ra v i eg the hon l i s y dung hgp tam g i i o Thich - Nho - Bgo, m i khdng phai l i s y t h i t Ijch sir. Bdi, T u f Vien (334 - 416) v i Lgc Tu TTnh (406 - 477) von l i nhCrng ngudi khdng ciing thdi dgi.
'" Xem c i c s i c h nhy: B i n h Bmh Cau v i c i c c f n g s u . 1960 ( t i i ban 2015), T o i n Dudng thi ( q u y i n 15), B i c Kinh: Tmng Hoa thy cyc, tr. 5550; L i T i c trudc t i c , Vu T h y g n g Thanh n g i t c i u , h i f u dinh. 2000. An Nam chl luge. B i c Kinh: Trung Hoa thy cgc, tr. 349; K i H&u C i n g sogn. Vycmg Trpng Dung hieu dinh v i chu thich. 1989. Dirdng thi ky si/ hiiu tiin ( q u y i n Hg). T h i n h B d : Ba Thgc t h y x i . tr. 1338.
•^ N g u y i n v i n : "iSftlnMSS, H n S K " (Xem Dudng co Kinh Triiu phu VSn Duang huyin linh LiSu quin mi minh ( ( ( « a E * W £ H l & % » » » ) ; > ) , |n trong Ho Kha Tien. 2009. Tin xuil thi Dudng dgi thi nhin Liiu Hiru Phuong md chl khio luin, Tnmg Son Bai hoc hgc bio - XS hit khoa hgc bin, ky 05, tr. 37.
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HOI so 5 (261) 2020
™ Bii the niy dugc gidl thifu trong cic cdng trinh: Binh Binh Cau v i cic cfng sy. 1960 (til bin 2015). Toin Dudng Ihi (quyin 22), Bic Kinh: Tmng Hoa thy cyc, tr. 8889; Vuong Difc Quin, Bui Dy Min chu biin (1989). Ly Ich tip chO. Lan Chiu: Cam Tuc Nhin din xuit bin xi, tr. 428.
TAI LI$U TRiCH D A N
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«(*.«: <«PSSS:«), ±iS : ±ii*!iai,»fdtMg , 1997*).
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*. atsnaiiE: (siis««aii» (-t) . ±is: ±»*Httiiisa, i989).
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wmmKmttmn , HM • 'p'f-vm • 1988 *Bg).
80 NGUYSN PHUO-C TAM - MOI GIAO LUU GlCfA CAC VAN NjjAN^
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