NGHIEN curu L I ' L U A N
Djnh hi/6ng xay dUng npi dung giao due dja phifdng theo ChUdng trmh Giao due phd thong mdi
Dao Van Toan', Biii Digu Quynh^
Le Tfij Song Htfdng^
' Email, tl
^ Email dieLquynhvaro@yahoo com
^ Email' songhuong120'l@gmail,com Vien Khoa hoc Giao due Viet Nam 52 Lieu Glai, Ba Oinh, Ha Noi, Viet Mam
TOIW TAT: Trong xu the "dia phUOng hda chUOng trinh dim bio phu hdp chUOng trinh giio due phu help vdi bdi canh, dieu kien cua dia phUOng" nham phit huy tdi da hieu qui cda chuang trinh cung nhu tan dung dieu kien san cd cua dia phuong, hudng tdi muc tieu thinh cdng cua ngUdi hgc trong nha trUdng tai dia phuong dd. Bai viet tdng quan chung tinh hinh xay dung ngi dung giaojiuc dia phuong tai mgt so qudc gia lin can, nol dang trien khai manh xu the n^iy vi tong quan thuc trang irlen khai ndi dung nay d Viet Nam, td dd de xuit dinh hudng xay dung ngi dung giao due dia phuong theo ChUOng trinh Giio due pho thong mdi. Nhdm tac gii dua ra mdt so vf du cu the cho viec lUa chgn ngi dung giao due dja phuang sao cho phu hop vdi boi canh cua dia phuong vi dieu kien trien khai cua nhi trudng.
T O KHOA: Npi dung dja phuldng; chUdng trinli mdi; chifdng trinh nha trUdng; ke hoach giao due nha trddng.
•» Nhan bai 27/8/2019 4 Nhan ket qua phan bien va chinti sto 06/9/2019 -^ Duyet dang 25/10/2019,
1 . Dat van de
Mgt trong nh&ng tu tirong dugc nhan manh trong tien trinh doi niai can ban va toan dien giao due (GD) la tu tuong phan quyen, huy dong sir tham gia ciia cac cap trong viec xay dung va trien khai Chuong trinh (CT) Giao due ph6 thong (GDPT). Nghi quy^t 29 - BCH TW khoa XI [1]
nhan raanh yeu cau: "Day manh phan cap, nang cao tracii nhiem, tao dgng luc va tinh chii dgng, sang tao cila cac ca saGD, dao tao".
Nghj quygt S6 88/2014/QH13 [2] ciia Qu6c hgi xae dinh:
"Thuc hien mgt CT GDPT thong nhat nhung mSm dec, linh hoat. Bg Giao due va Dao lao (GD&DT) chu tri xay dung, tham dinh va ban hanh CT GDPT, quy dinh nhirng yeu cau ve pham chat va nang luc ciia hgc sinh (HS) cin dat dugc sau moi cap hgc, nhung lmh virc va ngi dung GD bat huge doi vai tat ca HS tren pham vi toan quoe; Uy ban nhan dan tinh va thanh pho true thuoc trung uong to chirc bien soan bo sung nhirng ngi dung ve dac diem lich su, van hoa va kinh te - xa hgi cua dia phuong, dong thai danh thoi lugng cho ca so GD chu dgng van dung de xay dimg va triln khai thuc hien ke hoach GD phii hgp voi dieu kien cu th^ cua nha truang.
Ch^p hanh cac chu tnrong nay, Ban soan thao CT GDPT t6ng th6 mai da xae dinh quan diem xay dung CT: "CT bao dam dinh huong thong nhat va nhiing ngi dung GD cot loi, bat bugc d6i vai HS toan quoc, dong thai trao quyen chti dong va trach nhiera cho dia phuong va nha truong trong viec lira chgn, bo sung mot so ngi dung GD va trien khai kk hoach GD phii hg^i vai d6i tugng GD va dieu kien ciia dia phuong, cua co sa GD, gop phan bao dam ket noi hoat
84 T^P CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
dgng cua nha truang voi gia dinh, chinh quyen va xa hoi"
[3]. Trong CT GDPT tong the, ngi dung GD ciia dia phuang (NDGDDP) dugc xae dinh la mgt ngi dung GD bat bugc tu tieu hgc (TH) den het trung hgc pho thong (THPT): "Ci TH, NDGDDP dugc tich hgp voi Hoat dgng trai nghiem.
6 trung hgc ca so (THCS), THPT, NDGDDP dugc t6 chij:c duai hinh thirc chuyen de" [4] voi thai luong 35 tiet/nam (a THCS va THPT), De ho trg cac tinh/thanh pho va cac ca so GD trien khai kip thai, co hieu qua viec day hgc NDGDDP khi thuc hien CTGDPT mdi, Bg GD&DT ckn co hudng dan cu the.
Vien Khoa hoc Giao due Viet Nam t6 chuc nghien cuu luan cu khoa hgc lam ca sd cho viec triln khai NDGDDP theo CT GDPT mdi: Co sd li luan, ca sd phap li va ca sd thuc tien (kinh nghiem quoc te, ra soat cac ygu td Hen quan dgn NDGDDP trong CT GDPT hien hanh, thuc trang va kinh nghiem cac dia phuong), ra soat cac ygu to lien quan trong CT GDPT t6ng thg ya du thao CT GDPT cac mon hoc mdi; tren co sd do dg xuit cac dinh hudng va khuygn nghi cho viec xay dung NDGDDP, Bdi bdo Id sdn ph&m khoa hgc cua nhiim vu thu&ngxuyin nam 2019 "Nghien citu hu&ng dan cdc eg sd gido due xay diptg ki hoaeh gido due nha truang" do Thgc sT Nguyin Thanh Trinh -ldm chu nhiem.
2. N p i d u n g n g h i e n cuTu 2 . 1 . Cdsd khoa hoc 2 , 1 , 1 . Cd scl liluan
Su thich hgp ngi dung CT qudc gia vdi b6i canh thuc tiln Clia timg dia phuang nham phat huy tdi da hie hien CT la phan vo ciing quan trgng trong dam r ^ i^*^
flao Van To^n, BOI Dieu Qujnh, U Thi S6ng Hifdng
lugng GD va dat dugc muc tieu GD. Thiic dly xay dung CT dia phuang la each lam phii hop CT voi cac dja phuong khac nhau vg van hoa va bdi canh kinh te - xa hgi, Dong thdi, xay d\mg CT dia phuang la cSu phSn quan h-gng trong xu thg phi tap trung hda GD, quan li [4]. CT mang tinh dia phuang cho phep tan dung cac ngudn luc cua dia phuong nhu mgt chu thk va khach thg cua qua trinh giang day nhJm dat dugc muc tieu GD chung va muc tigu phat tngn cua chinh dia phuang do. Trong tdng quan cac xu the cua thg gidi trong dia phuong hoa CT dam bao phii hgp vdi b6i canh, digu kien ciia dia phuang do UNESCO nghien cuu da cho thky nhimg hanh dgng cu thg cua nhieu qudc gia thuc hien NDGDDP. Cu thg, Indonesia bat dau tien hanh xay dung CT GDDP tir CT qudc gia tJ nam 1994, trong dd CT dia phuang co 20% mon hgc dgc lap, CT dia phuang dam bao chuin t6i thigu ciia nang luc (NL) ngudi hgc (theo quy dinh cua CT) va ngi dung CT, phuang phap giang day va quy trinh danh gia la phi tap trung, tire la da dang tiy theo thirc tign dia phuang. 0 Phkn Lan, phi tap tmng hda trong CT GD dugc thuc hien tir nhiing nam 1990 vdi yeu cau CT GD tai nha trudng can sat vdi boi canh cua nha trudng tai dia phuang. 6 Argentia, CT nha trudng cd 10% sd tigt la danh cho mon hgc tu chgn mang tinh dia phuang va phan nay khong nam trong CT qu6c gia [4].
Co thd thay, xu hudng phi tap trung hda trong thuc hien CT d cap do dia phuang da dugc thuc hien tCr rat lau d cac qu6c gia khac vdi quy dinh rd mot thdi lugng nhat dinh danh cho NDGDDP, do dia phuang chu dgng lua chgn va xay dung.Tong quan tic nhigu nghien cuu vg quan li va phat trien CT cho thay, tigp can phi tap trung hda/phan cap quan li phat tign CT GD hien nay dang la xu the chung trgn thg gidi. Xu thg nay kit hgp hai mo hinh tap quyen trung uong va mo hinh phan quyen dia phuong hudng tdi dam bao tinh linh hoat trong tnen khai CT; Tang cudng su tham gia cua giao vien, cha me HS va cgng dong dia phuong; Phu hgp vdi hoi canh, digu kien va nhu cau ciia cac dia phuong cung nhu nhu cau thuc tign ciia ttmg nha trudng,
Theo each tigp can neu trgn, trong nghign cuu vg xay dung CT dia phuang ciia NewZealand da chi ra rang, cac dia phuong ckn xay dung CT GD cua dia phuang sao cho vira "thich iing" khung CT GD qudc gia vira mang tinh dia phuong thg hien bdi 3 ygu t6: Ndi ve dia phuong (sii dung boi canh dia phuang dg xay dung khung hgc tap), Bdi dia phuong (thigt kg bdi nguon luc dia phuong, vdi su hgp tac vdi cac bgn lign quan o dia phuang); Danh cho dia phuang (dap ling nhung nhu can cu the ciia tre em va cong ddng dia phuang). Ben canh do, phat trign mgt CT giang day dia phuang khong ngn la vg viec cat giam bat cir ngi dung nao do (co thg do khdng phii hgp vai bdi canh nha trudng, hay dia phuang), ma la lam noi bat nhiing gi can dugc danh gia cao nh4t tir quan digm ciia toan thg trudng hoc va dia phuong do. CT giang day dia phuang !a "ngdn ngu chung"
duac phat tnen trong moi trucmg va la khuon kho dg lap ke hoach phat tngn GD trong nha tnrcmg [51
Ben canh do, NDGDDP trong CT nay bao gdm nhiing ngi dung GD dugc bo sung thgm vao CT GD quoc gia mang tinh quoc gia dap iing nhu cau thuc tign cila timg dia phuong, ciia nha t-udng d dia phuang do. CT GDPT t6ng the mdi ban hanh thang 12 nam 2018 da thi hien ro quan digm nay. Trong do, NDGDDP la mgt thanh td ciia CT GD dia phuang, viec thigt kg NDGDDP gSn chat vdi thigt kg CT GD dia phuong.
2.1.2, Kinh nghiem quoete
Kgt qua tong quan kinh nghigm quoc te cho thay, hien nay da so cac nudc tgp can theo quan diem dat NDGDDP trong CT GD dia phuang va CT GD nha trudng, dac biet la ttong khudn khd CT GD nha trudng (NDGDDP co thg dugc tich hgp vdi cac linh vuc ND GD khac hoae dugc to chirc thanh ITnh vuc GD dgc lip), Ngi dung dia phuong la mdt van dg quan ttgng cua ngi dung CT va chuan GD qudc gia, gdp phan phat ttien NL HS, phuc vu cho su phat trien Clia dia phuong [4].
Cu thg, cac dia phuang lap kg hoach va cac quy dinh lien quan dgn ngi dung, tai lieu va phuong phap day hgc dinh hudng cho viec to chuc hoat dgng day hgc mgt each cu the, phu hgp vdi digu kien va nhu cau cua dia phuang. CT dia phuang la ke hoach GD bao gom ngi dung va phuang phap GD dugc thigt kg xuat phat tir nhiing dac digm tg nhign, xa hgi va van hda ciia dia phuong, dap img nhu cau phat trign cua dia phuong, dugc day hgc cho HS sinh song d dia phuang. Ben canh do, ngi dung dia phuong d cac quoc gia la ngi dung day hgc ma HS chua duoc hgc trong CT qu6c gia, bd trg cho CT chung (vdi thdi lugng 10-30% tdng thdi lugng cac ngi dung GD d m§i ckp) nham phat trign cho HS nhiing NL thich ung vdi nhimg dac digm dac thu ciia dia phuang, phat huy nhiing dac digm dac tnmg ciia dia phuong, gdp phan phat ttign tiem nang ciia dia phuong [4],[5]. Dac biet, cac ca quan GD dia phuang bign soan chuan NL cho mon hgc.
Nhln chung, cac nudc dgu dira vao tuygn bo chung cua CT qudc gia dg xay dung NDGDDP. Dinh hudng ve ndi dung dia phuang gSm. BQl canh, muc tigu, pham vi day hgc, ngi dung, phuang phap va hinh thuc td chuc day hgc, quy trinh bign soan tai lieu, kigm tra danh gia... theo cho timg cdp hoc. Tuy nhien, noi dung dia phuong ludn dugc khuyen khich xem xet d goe do dac thu dia phuong, cac digu kien trign khai CT GD d nha trudng, tir dd cac dia phuang, cac nha trudng digu chinh va van hanh linh hoat, sang tao ngi dung, phuong phap va hinh thiic t6 chile day hoc, thdi lugng quy dinh.
2.1.3, Kinh nghiem thde tien Viet Nam
Kgt qua ra soat CT GDPT hien hanh (2006) [6] cho thay, Bg GD&DT da co dinh hudng chi dao phi tap tmng hoa ttong quan li CT GD la hudng din cu thg vk viec ldng ghep, tich hgp NDGDDP ttong CT GD cac mdn hgc, D6i vdi cac ngi dung dja phuong quy dinh cu thg trong CT, sach giao
So 22 thang 10/2019 85
NGHIEN CCru LI'LUAN
khoa: Nhigu sd GD da to chirc lua chgn ndi dung phii hgp d dia phuong dg bien soan tai lieu day hgc.,. Hinh thiic td chirc day hgc phong phu (Vi du: GD thdng qua di san, day hgc $kn vdi san xuat, kinh doanh va bao ve moi tmdng, gan vdi muc tieu va nguon luc dia phuong.., Day hgc qua trai nghiem thuc te la mdt xu hudng tch cue d cac nha tmdng ph6 thdng tai nhieu dia phuong).
Tuy nhign, CT GDPT 2006 chua chii y den quan diem phan cip/phi tap tmng hda, chua dg cip tudng minh dgn NDGDDP. Do vay, NDGDDP trong nhigu mon hgc chua dap irng diy dii, toan dien cac muc tieu da de ra; Ndi dung day hgc cdn nang vg kign thilc va thign vg van hda, lich sir, dia li, mdi tmdng,,, cac van de con it dugc quan tam la: Tinh dac thii, thdi su..., van dg hudng nghiep, kinh tl, thg manh ciia dia phuong...; Cach tgp can con hudng dgn muc tigu kign thuc ngn chua dat dugc ygu cau phat trien NL; Sau khi hgc, HS it bigt van dung kign thirc vao giai quygt cac vin dg thuc tiln cua dia phuong; Nhigu ndi dung dia phuong trong cac mdn hgc cdn trimg lap hoae cac ndi dung dia phuong ciia cac co sd bign soan con chdng cheo lan nhau va ch6ng cheo vdl CT quoc gia. 0 mgt sd mon hge, ngi dung dja phuong con nang ng, han lam, chua phii hgp vdi tam sinh li ldp hgc, cap hgc, Dae biet, quan digm ngi dung dia phuong thigt kg theo mach, dgc lap trong timg mdn hgc rieng le hoae cac dia phuang bign soan mgt each cimg nhae da anh hudng ldn dgn hieu qua eua viec day hgc ngi dung dia phuang trong cac nha tmdng; Hinh thuc td chile, phuang phap day hgc chua phong phu, da dang. Khau bien soan taii lieu NDGDDP ehua dugc thong nhat, thieu nguygn tac va tigu chi...
Tir nghign cilu ve xay dung va to chile thuc hien NDGDDP trong li luan ciing nhu thuc tien d quoc te va Viet Nam, mgt sd bai hgc kinh nghiem cho viec xay dung CT dia phuang - NDGDDP da dugc rut ra lam ca sd quan trgng de de xuat nhiing giai phap dimg dan, hgp H giiip xay dung NDGDDP trong eae CT dia phuang dat dugc hieu qua.
2.1.4. Noi dung giao due dja phi/dng the hien trong Chifdng trinh Giao due pho thong m6i (2018)
Trgn tinh than tuan thu djnh hudng ciia Dang va Nha nudc, CT GDPT tdng thg mdi ban hanh nam 2018 da neu rd quan mem: "NDGDDP la cae vkn dk ca bkn hay thdi su vg van hda, lich sii, dia li, kinh tg, xa hgi, moi ttudng, hudng nghiep... cua dia phuong bo sung cho ngi dung GD bat budc chung thSng nhat trong ca nudc, nham trang bi cho HS nhimg higu bigt ve nai sinh song, b6i dudng cho HS tinh ygu qug huong, y thuc tim higu va van dung nhung digu da hgc dg gdp phin giai quyet nhung van dg ciia que huong" [3].
Cu thg, CT GDPT mdi quy dinh: 6 TH, NDGDDP dugc tich hgp vdl Hoat ddng trai nghiem. C THCS, THPT, NDGDDP dugc t6 chile dudi hinh thirc chuygn dg vdi thdi lugng nhit dinh [3]. Cac tinh, thanh phd true thugc tmng
uong td chile xay dung, thim dinh NDGDDP de CTGDPT, bao cao dg Bg GD&DT phg duyet. Ben C^IIH O, vdi quan niem NDGDDP nhu mdt lmh vuc GD dgc i p , bo sung cho CT GD qu6c gia. Trong CT GDPT, mgt so mon hoc, NDGDDP da duac dg cap d muc do nhat dinh (ca hgi bdi canh...). 6 mgt s6 CT GD nhu CT GD mon Dia li, tham chi noi dung GD dia li dia phuang dugc coi nhu mgt mach ndi dung, mgt ehu dg ttong CT GD. Theo do, khau lua chgn ndi dung dia phuang cin xem xet kT ludng, so sanh chi tet, tranh chdng cheo, lap lai khi xay dung NDGDDP nhu mgt ITnh vuc ddc lap.
2.2. fle xuat mpt so ^nh hi/dng xay diTng diTng va trien khai ngi dung giao due dja phifdng
2.2.1. Xay ddng chddng trinh npi dung giao due dia phddng a. Muc tiiu cua NDGDDP
- Cd mgt sd hilu bigt co ban ve dac diem chinh cQng nhir cac vin dg thdi su vg van hda, heh sir, dia li, kinh fg, xa hOi, moi tmdng, hudng nghiep... cua dia phuang.
- Hinh thanh va phat ttien cac NL cdt loi trong CT GDPT tdng thg, dac biet la NL giai quygt vin de, kha nang tu dinh hudng nghe nghiep, kha nang thich ilng cugc sdng,...
- Phat trign tinh yeu, nigm tu hao va gin bd vdi que huong, vdi cgng ddng dia phuang; Y thuc dugc vai tto ciia ban than va y nghia ciia gan ket, hda nhap vdi cgng dong, san sang tham gia dong gop xay dung qug huong va cgng ddng; Cd y thirc giir gin tmyen thdng que huong, phat huy tigm lire va thg manh dia phuong, van dung nhiing kien thilc va ki nang da hgc dg gop phan giai quyet nhOng vin dg Clia dia phuang; Chuan hi cho cugc song xa hgi va nghe nghiep.
Dac biet cin luu y, NDGDDP phai hudng tdi gop phan dap irng nhu cau va dinh hudng phat trien ciia dia phuang (vg conngudi, van hda, kinh tg -xahgi...), ddng thdi tang cudng huy dgng cac ngudn lire dia phuong, su tham gia cua cdng dong, cac bgn lign quan tai dia phuang trong cong tac GD.
b. Nguyin tdc xdy dung NDGDDP
Quan triet dudng ldi, quan diem ciia Dang va tuan thu Hlgn phap, phap luat; Dam bao tinh dac thii dia phucmg, phii hgp vdi thuc tiln dia phuang va nha trudng, dap ilng nhu cau va dinh hudng phat trign cua dia phuang; Phu hop vdi rauc tieu GD cua CT GDPT qu6c gia; Dam bao tinh d6ng bg giiia mue tigu, ngi dung, phuong phap GD va danh gia kgt qua GD. Dam bao tinh toan dien, can ddi gifta muc tigu va cac mach NDGDDP; Bao dam tinh tgp ndi, lien thdng giua cac cip hgc, ldp hgc; Dam bao tinh khoa hgc, su pham, vira sire, phii hgp vdi cac dac digm tam sinh li, trinh do phat trign nhan thirc ciia HS. NDGDDP tranh qua tai cho HS, tranh trimg lap; Quan triet quan digm tich hgp, phan hda va dam bao tinh md, linh hoat moi nha trudng ttign khai NDGDDP trong khuon khs'khoa hoc GD nha tmdng, phii hgp vdi digu kien, ngu6n lire thuc tign ciia nha trudng.
86 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
S C ^ V i H Oao Van ToSn, Bui Di&u Quynh; Le Thi sang Hildng
c. Cdch thuc xdy dung NDGDDP
Xae dinh muc tigu va kg hoach day hgc NDGDDP cua tinh/thanh phd; Chgn lira cac mach/chu dg ngi dung nhim dap ung muc tieu da xae dinh, phu hop vdi cac nguygn tic xay dung ngi dung da ngu; Td chile, sap xgp cac mach/chu dl ngi dung thanh he thdng chuyen dg, phan bd theo ting cip hgc hoae ldp hgc; Vdi mdi chuyen dg/mach ndi dung cin xae dinh ro muc tigu, yeu ciu cin dat vg kign thiic, ki nang, thai do, nang luc ..
d. Mgt so got y xdy dung cdc mgch ndi dung Co thg xay dung cac mach/chu dg NDGDDP dua vao cac linh vuc hoae theo muc tigu GD: Xay dung cac mach ngi dung theo ITnh vuc (Thien nhign, con ngudi dia phuang;
Lich sir, van hda, GD dia phuang; Kinh te, xa hdi dia phuong; Hudng nghiep dia phuong; Chinh ttj, qudc phdng dia phuang...); Xay dung cac mach ngi dung theo muc tieu GD (Phuc vu cac nhu cau phat trien cua dia phuang: Van hoa - xa hgi, kinh tg, chinh tri, an ninh, qu6c phdng, dao tao nhan luc, bao ve mdi tmdng,...).
2.2.2. Hddng dan hien soan tai lieu ve npi dung giao due dja pliEfdng
a. Yeu cdu biin sogn tdi lieu: Xae dmh milc do NDGDDP phii hgp, khoa hgc co ban, phu hgp vdi thuc tiln dia phuong, ngn theo hudng tich hgp va coi ttgng thuc hanh, ngdn ngu Uong sang, de higu.
h. To chiec bien sogn tdi lieu NDGDDP: Can thuc hign cac budc ca ban: Tap huan cho cac tac gia soan thao dg cuong va tai lieu NDGDDP; Xay dimg dg cuong tai lieu va to chirc gop y dg cuong; Bign soan ban thao tai lieu GD dia phuang; to chuc gop y va tham dinh tai lieu; To chire day thuc nghiem tai mdt so dia phuong; Chinh sua tai lieu sau tham dinh dg dua vao su dung,
c. Tdi Hiu: Tai lieu GD NDGDDP can dugc bien soan cho ca giao vign va HS.
nhan luc va huy dgng ngudn lire (tan dung cac tdi da ngu6n lire Clia dia phuang); Hmh thirc tQ chdc va phuang phap day hgc (Kgt hgp hgc tap ttgn ldp vdi to chuc boat dgng ttai nghiem, tham quan, thuc hien du an, boat dong phuc vu cgng d6ng, hoat dgng ttnh nguygn...; Chii trgng hoat dgng thuc hanh, thuc dia tai dia phuang... Kgt hgp mdt each hgp li nhimg phuong phap day hgc tmygn thong vdi cac phuang phap va kT thuat day hgc hien dai .),
c. Ddnh gid vd sir dung ket qud ddnh gid
Nha tmdng va giao vign thuc hign cong tac kigm tta, danh gia bang each ket hgp eae hinh thirc danh gia khac nhau: Nhan xet, cho digm,... Hinh thilc to chile, phuong thilc danh gia bao dam do tin cay, phii hgp, khong gay ap luc cho HS, han che ton kem; Ket qua hgc tap NDGDDP dugc ghi vao hd sa eua HS: Ngu nhan xet hoae cho digm;
Co quan quan li GD cae cap td chile danh gia viec thue hien NDGDDP ciing nhu kgt qua thuc hien NDGDDP nhim quan li chat lugng, phat tngn CT NDGDDP theo hudng digu ehinh nang cao tinh kha thi...
d. Trdch nhiim cdc ben liin quan
Bg GD&DT tg chiic phe duyet tai lieu NDGDDP tten CO sd bign ban hgi ddng tham dinh cua dia phuong; Uy ban nhan dan tinh/thanh pho phg duyet ngi dung, ke hoach thuc hien; T5 chuc bign soan tham dinh tai lieu; Sd GD&DT xay dung ke hoach thuc hien; Chu tri td chirc bign soan va thim dinh trinh Bd GD&DT; Ban hanh cac cdng van hudng din kg hoach va tai lieu NDGDDP da dugc B6 GD&DT phg duyet; T6 chile phg duyet cac NDGDDP dac thu d xa phudng (ngu co) theo phan cap quan li; Phong GD&DT thong bao tdi cac ca sd GD phd thdng kg hoach va NDGDDP da dugc phg duyet; Td chdc phg duyet eae NDGDDP dac thu d xa phudng (ngu co) theo phan cip quan li; Cac nha tmdng xay dung ke hoach va to chirc thyc hign trign khai NDGDDP ciia don vi minh.
2.2.3, Hddng dan to chdc thde hien noi dung giao due dia phddng a. Thai lugng, thai gian thue hien
Day hgc tich hgp d cap TH va day hgc vdi tu each la ngi dung GD/mdn hgc dgc lap d THCS va THPT vdi thdi lugng 1 tiet/tuan; Can cil vao nhu cau va dieu kien cu thg, sa GD&DT chgn lua, sap xgp va phan bo thdi lugng thue hien cho cac chuyen dg NDGDDP (theo tuan, thang, hgc Id, nam hgc).
b. Xdy dung ke hogeh thue hiin
Xae dinh can eu xay dimg ke hoach thue hien (Hudng din thuc hien NDGDDP ciia sd GD va phdng GD; Nhiem VLi nam hgc cua nha tmdng; Kg hoach GD ciia nha tmdng;
Dieu kien thuc tg ciia dia phuang, thuc te cua nha tradng);
Xay dimg kg hoach ttign khai NDGDDP (sd GD&DT va cac CO sd GD&DT dia phuang xay dung kg hoach thuc hien gom xae dinh muc tigu phan bo ndi dung thdi gian day hoc doi tuong dia diem hinh thuc to chuc thuc hien; Hinh thuc kiem tta danh gia kmh nhi tnen khai 1 Td chiic
3. Ket luan
Kgt qua nghign cilu da trinh bay d ttgn cho thay, nhiing quan diim vg NDGDDP ngn duoc dg xuit md va linh boat hon so vdi quan digm da ngu trong CT GDPT tdng thg nhira dap ling t6t hon cac tu ttrdng d6i mdi cua Nghi quySt 29 va Nghi quygt 88 ciia Qu6c hdi Tuy nhign, dl phuc vu kip thai viec bien soan cong van hudng dSn ciia Bg GD&DT, chimg tdi gidi ban pham vi, vg co ban di theo eae quan digm dugc ngu trong CT GDPT mdi, Vi NDGDDP la mdt ITnh vuc ndi dung song song vdi cac ITnh vuc ndi dung bat budc khac ttong CT GDPT qudc gia, m§i dia phuong (tinh/thanh phd ttTic thugc ttung uong) cin xay dung CT NI3GDDP cho cac ttirdng trong dia ban vdi diy du cac thanh td: Muc tigu, ndi dung, yeu eiu cin dat/chuin, Phuong phap, phuong tien va hinh thilc t6 chuc day hgc, kigm tra danh gia..., tten ca sd do td Chile bien soan tai lieu day hgc (cho HS va cho giao vien).
3322 thang 10/2019 87
NGHIEN CLfU LfLUAN
T^i lifu tham khao
[1] Nghi quyit sd 29 - NQ/TW ngdy 04 thdng 11 ndm 2013 Hgi nghi Trung ucmg Idioa 8 ve Doi m&i cdn bdn, todn dien Gido due vd Ddo lao.
[2] Nghi quyit S6 88/2014/QH13 cua Qudc hgi ban hdnh ngdy 28 thdng 11 ndm 2014 ve Doi m&i Chuang trinh, Sdch gido khoa gido due pho thong.
[3] Bo Giao due va Dao tao, (2018), Chucmg trinh gido due phd thong long the.
hUp//www.ibe,unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upIoad/COPs/
Pages_documents/Resource_Packs/TTCD/sitemap/Mod- uIe_4/ModuIe4_2concepl.html-
https://nzcurriculum.tki org.nz/Curriculum-resources;
NZC-Onlme-blog/Developing-aJocal-cumculam Bg Giao due va Sao tao, (2006), Cl,:rang trinh g,ao due pho thong tong the.
ORIENTATIONS FOR DEVELOPING THE CONTENT OF LOCAL EDUCATION UNDER THE NEW GENERAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM
Dao Van l o a n ' , Bui Dieu Quynh^
Le Thi Song Huong^
' Email' [email protected]
^ Email' dieuquynhvaro@yahoo,com
^ Email' [email protected] The Vietram Nationai Institute of Educational Sciences 52 Lieu Giai, Ba Oinh district, Hanoi, Vietnam
ABSTRACT: In the trend of "localizing national curriculum towards its appropriateness to the local situation and condition" in order to maximize the effectiveness of the curriculum as well taking advantage of hcally available conditions towards the goal of students' success in those local schools, the article alms to present an overview of the situation of developing the content of local education in both Vietnam and neighboring countries where this strategy is being strongly implemented. From that point of view, the article provides orientation for the development of local education content under the new general education curriculum. The author also presents some specific examples for selecting the content of local education to suit the local context and school's implementation conditions.
KEYWORDS: Locai education; new curriculum; schooi curriculum; school education plan.
TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
