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86 10 (247)-2012Mdi QUAN Hi GlfTA TOA JIN VA VIEN M I M SAT
TRONG Ttf TUNG H I N H SIT
ThS. NGUYEN NGOC KIEN
V
di 'vi tri, chflc nang rat quan trpng trong bd may Nha nfldc ta, Vien kiem sat nhan dan va Toa an nhan dan cd trach nhiem phd'i hdp vdi nhau de giai quyet vu an hinh sfl dung dan, khach quan theo luat dinh nhim bao ve che dp Nha nfldc, bao ve nhan dan va tang cfldng phap che xa hdi chu nghia. Nhan thflc rd tim quan trpng ciia md'i quan he gifla Vien kiem sat va Toa an trong viec phdng ngfla va chdng tpi pham, Nghi quyet sd 08-NQ/TW ngay 2/1/2002 cua Bd Chfnh tri "ve mdt so' nhiem vu trpng tam cdng tac tfl phap trong thdi gian tdi" da nhan manh: 'Tang cfldng sfl phd'i hdp gifla cac cd quan tfl phap trong hoat ddng td tung tren cd sd thflc hien dung chflc nang, nhiem vu, quyen han ctia tiing cd quan, khdng hflu khuynh hoac dun day trach nhiem. Cac cd quan dieu tra, kiem sat, xet xi( can thflc hien dung thdi han to' tung nhfl luat dinh"i Luat To' chflc Tda an nhan dan va Luat Td' chflc Vien kiem sat nhan dan nam 2002 deu quy dinh trach nhiem phd'i hdp gifla Toa an va Vien kiem sat, vdi cac cd quan, td' chflc khac cua Nha nfldc trong he thd'ng chinh tri nhim phdng ngfla va chdng tdi pham cd hieu qua, xii ly kip thdi, nghiem minh cac loai tdi pham va vi pham phap luat trong hoat dpng tfl phap^. Cac cd quan tien hanh td tung khdng nhflng cd trach nhiem phd'i hdp vdinhau ma cdn phai phd'i hdp vdi cac cd quan nha nfldc khac bing nhflng ndi dung cu the, thiet thflc dfldc quy dinh tai Dieu 26 va Dieu 27 Bp luat Tdtung hinh sfl nam 2003'^. Quan he gifla Toa an va Vien kiem sat trong hoat ddng to tung hinh sfl cdn cd muc dich chung la tim ra nguyen nhan va dieu kien pham tdi, kien nghi hoac yeu cau cac cd quan hflu quan ap dung cac bien phap khic phuc va phdng ngfla toi pham. Md'i quan he gifla Toa an va Vien kiem sat trong td tung hinh sfl bieu hien tren hai binh dien sau day:
1. Moi quan he phoi hdp giiifa Toa an va Vien kiem sat trong to tung hinh s\i
Cac cd quan tien hanh td tung ndi chung deu cd chung nhiem vu la dau tranh, phdng chdng tdi pham, gifl gin an ninh trat tfl, an toan xa hdi va cung cd trach nhiem la mpi hanh vi pham tdi phai dfldc phat hien dieu tra, truy to, xet xul nghiem minh, khdng de lot tpi pham va khdng lam oan ngfldi vd tpi, tdn trong quyen va ldi ich ciia cdng dan, bao ve phap che xa hdi chu nghia. Chfnh tfl muc dich chung do da hinh thanh nen md'i quan he phd'i hdp trong td' tung hinh sfl gifla Vien kiem sat va Toa an nhfl la mdt va'n de ta't yeu. Md'i quan he phoi hdp dd cd ban la quan he gifla chflc nang xet xii va chflc nang budc tdi. Ban than hai chflc nang nay cd quan he bien chflng, hflu cd vdi nhau.
Ddn chu & Phap luat \ KSND huyen Phu Gido, tinh Binh Dirang
'Jhi hdnh fihdfi. ludl
86 10 (247)-2012Khdng the xet xii neu khdng cd sfl budc tdi, hay noi each khac, d dau cd budc tdi, thi d dd phat sinh hoat ddng xet xii va bao chfla. Neu Vien kiem sat lam td't chflc nang budc tdi thi hd trd ddc lflc cho chflc nang xet xii va ngfldc lai thi tac dung khdng td't. Ngay tfl khi thu thap chflng cfl, danh gia chflng cfl nhim xac dinh tdi trang va khung hinh phat truy to, cung nhfl thii tuc to tung dfldc tien hanh chat che dat nen mdng cho Toa an thflc hien hieu qua hoat dpng to' tung. Tai phien toa, neu kiem sat vien lam td't vai trd cdng to' nha nfldc thi tao dieu kien thuan ldi cho hoat dpng xet xfl. Ngfldc lai Toa an thflc hien chflc nang xet xfl dung dan tao dieu kien thuan ldi cho Vien kiem sat thflc hanh quyen cdng td nha nfldc va kiem sat hoat dpng tfl phap.
Cd sd ciia sfl phd'i hdp la chi khi xay ra viec giai quyet vu an hinh sfl va dfla tren cac nguyen tic cd ban Bd luat Td tung hinh sfl da dinh, trong do la nguyen tac xac dinh sfl that vu an va nguyen tic phd'i hdp gifla cac cd quan to tung hinh sfl vdi cac cd quan, td chflc nha nfldc. Ben canh dd quan he phd'i hdp gifla Toa an va Vien kiem sat trong to' tung hinh sfl cdn xua't phat tfl yeu ciu phai thflc hien dung din thdm quyen cua ngfldi tien hanh td tung; viec thflc hien cac quy dinh cita phap luat do cd sfl bat cap, chfla hoan thien, do dd ddi hoi cd sfl phdi hdp hoat ddng de dat hieu qua trong hoat dpng td tung va ap dung thd'ng nha't can cfl phap luat, tranh oan sai, bd Ipt tdi pham.
Trong nhflng nam qua md'i quan he phd'i hdp gifla Vien kiem sat va Toa an trong tdtung hinh sfl dfldc thflc hien tren cd sd cac thdng tfl lien nganh va cac quy che phd'i hdp ve cac va'n de. nhfl: Nhflng trfldng hdp cin hpp tru bi gifla
Tda an va Vien kiem sat quy dinh tai Thdng tfl lien tich so'01 ngay 8/12/1988 cua Toa an nhan tdi cao va Vien kiem sat nhan dan tdi cao:
nham giai quyet an trpng diem, phflc tap theo Thdng tfl lien nganh sd 01/TTLN-BC.A- VKSNDTC-TANDTC ngay 15/10/1994; ve viec thdng bao, giii, cung cap thdng tin, tai lieu lien quan den ngfldi pham tdi tai Thdng tfl lien tich sd 03/2006/TTLT-BCA-VKSNDTC-TANDTC;
ve quan he phdi hdp trong mdt so boat ddng dieu tra, truy to, xet xfl vy an hinh sfl quy dinh tai Thdng tfl sd 01/2008/TTLT-VKSNDTC- TANDTC-BQP- BCA v.v.. Ve quy che phd'i hdp dfldc quy dinh trong Quy che sdOl/2006/QCPH gifla Vien kiem sat nhan dan td'i cao, Toa an nhan dan tdi cao, Bd Cdng an... phd'i hdp trong cdng tac phdng, chdng tham nhung. Tren cd sd cac van ban phap luat lien nganh tfl phap trung fldng xac dinh ve cac ndi dung phd'i hdp giai quyet nhflng va'n de trong vu an hinh sfl, cac cd quan tien hanh to' tung cl dia phfldng xay dflng ke hoach lien nganh phd'i hdp giai quyet nhflng van de cu the ve tfl phap hinh sy*; dinh ky hpp lien nganh Cdng an, Vien kiem sat, Tda an cap tinh va huyen thdng nha't giai quyet nhflng van de vfldng mac trong hoat ddng td tung hinh sfl^. Nhflng nam gin day viec hpp lien nganh cua cac cd quan td tung hinh sti chi tap trung ban thdng nha't thao gd vfldng mic ba't cap trong hoat ddng ciia minh, phd'i hdp giai quyet an diem, td' chflc phien tda theo tinh thin cai each tfl phap, khdng cdn thdng nhat dinh tdi danh va ban bac nhflng ndi dung trong vu an phai tra ho sd dieu tra bd' sung nhfl trfldc day. Do nhan thflc ve tinh ddc lap trong hoat dpng to' tung cua tham phan va kiem sat •vien ngay cang cao nhim tranh tinh trang "an bd
Dan chu & Phdp ludt
'7hi hdnh fihdfi. ludt
86 10 (247)-2012tui" bi dfl luan len an.
2. Moi quan he che fldc gitia Toa an va Vien kiem sat trong to tung hinh sxi
Theo Tfl dien Bach khoa Viet Nam, "Che fldc la han che, quy dinh trong nhiing dieu kien nha't dinh"^. Ciing vdi quan diem nay tac gia Dd Ngpc Quang cho rang: "Khai niem che fldc cd the dfldc hieu nhfl la sfl tac dpng qua lai gifla cac ben theo hfldng khdng che' lan nhau, kiem che sfl van ddng ciia nhau"''. Cac quan diem nay cho thay, che fldc la sfl tac ddng qua lai va kiem che lan nhau gifla cac sfl vat, hien tfldng trong nhiing dieu kien nha't dinh; trong hoat ddng td tung hinh sfl la sfl tac dpng qua lai gifla cac chu the tham gia nham kiem soat lan nhau viec tuan thu phap luat, tranh viec lam quyen. Phap luat nfldc ta xac lap quan he gifla Toa an va Vien kiem sat khdng nhflng la quan he phd'i hdp ma cdn la che fldc. Sfl tac dpng qua lai ciia hai chii the nay trong nhflng dieu kien nha't dinh giflp cho viec thflc thi cdng vu dung dan, tranh lam quyen. Ndi cu the ra la dam bao cho hoat ddng td tung hinh sfl tranh sai sdt, vi pham phap luat dan den viec xam hai den quyen va ldi ich hdp phap cua cdng dan, nha nfldc va xa hpi.
Quan he che fldc gifla cac chu the dd the hien cl chd: Khi Vien kiem sat la cd quan cd ddc quyen truy td mdt ngfldi ra toa nhflng viec ket tdi lai thudc ve Toa an. Tai phien toa xet xii nhan danh nha nfldc thflc hanh quyen cdng to', nhflng kiem sat vien chi dfla ra y kien de xuat quan diem giai quyet vu an cdn quyet dinh ve tdi trang, muc hinh phat van la hdi dong xet xfl. Nhflng mpi hoat dpng xet xii ciia Toa an phai dam bao dung yeu ciu la cd truy to' ve hanh vi ve con ngfldi thi mdi dfldc xet xii. Toa
an khdng the tuy tien lam trai thu tuc tdtung, do dd phap luat quy dinh Vien kilm sat ngoai chflc nang cdng td cdn cd chflc nang kiem sat hoat dpng tfl phap, dd la giam sat viec tuan thii cua hdi dong xet xfl tai phien toa, ciing nhfl giam sat hoat ddng to tung cua ngfldi co tham quyen. Trong trfldng hdp vi pham thu tuc td' tung tai phien toa thi kiem sat vien co quyen y kien trflc tiep, vi du: Hpi dong xet xi khdng hoi ngfldi tham gia td' tung cd y kien ve viec cd yeu cau thay dd'i ngfldi tien hanh to tung thi kiem sat vien de nghi hpi dong xet xii hoi. Mat khac sau khi xet xii Vien kiem sat co quyen ban hanh kien nghi yeu cau Toa an khdc phuc vi pham phap luat trong hoat dpng xet xi(
hoac ban hanh khang nghi theo thii tuc phiic tham de giai quyet lai vu an khi cd can cfl luat dinh. Nhfl vay cd the thay, du Toa an cd quyen dpc lap trong 'viec phan quyet, tuy nhien neu trai phap luat thi Vien kiem sat cd quyen kien nghi, khang nghi de dam bao cho viec cha'p hanh phap luat cua Toa an. Phap luat nfldc ta cdn quy dinh, neu kien nghi cua Vien kiem sat khdng dfldc Toa an tiep thu, thi Vien kiem sat cd quyen kien nghi Toa an cap tren va bao cao Vien kiem sat cap tren de kien nghi dfldc dam bao thflc hien. Qua hoat ddng giam sat ciia Vien kiem sat cdn giflp cho Toa an tranh dfldc nhflng sai sdt, vi pham phap luat, tang cfldng phap che.
Ve quy dinh cua Bd luat Td tung hinh sfl nam 2003 cho phep Toa an tra ho sd cho Vien kiem sat de dieu tra bd' sung - d day cung the hien quan he che fldc lan nhau gifla Toa an va Vien kiem sat trong hoat ddng tdtung hinh sfl.
Vi Vien kiem sat phai cd trach nhiem dieu tra bd' sung va de tranh tinh trang sai sdt trong
Dan chu & Phap luat
(7hi hdnh fihdfi ludl
86 10 (247)-2012qua trinh dieu tra ddi hdi Vien kiem sat phai lam td't chflc nang kiem sat dieu tra. Ben canh do, Vien kiem sat cd quyen gifl nguyen quan diem truy to' neu Vien kiem sat khdng chap nhan yeu ciu dieu tra bd' sung ciia Toa an va theo nguyen tac xet x i va gidi han cua viec xet xii thi Toa an van dfla vu an ra xet xfl. Bd luat Td tung hinh sfl nam 2003 quy dinh gidi han viec xet x\l va so lan tra ho sd cua Toa an tdi da la 2 lin da the hien sfl che fldc cua Vien kiem sat ddi vdi Toa an. Dieu nay xuat phat tfl nguyen tac suy doan vd tpi, cd ldi cho ngfldi bi budc tpi va dung vdi ly luan khoa hpc ve chflc nang cdng td'. Du the hien quan he che fldc gifla Vien kiem sat va Toa an, nhflng quan he dd phai tren cd sd dam bao thflc hien dung chflc nang td tung cua mdi nganh, phai phu hdp va hd trd die lflc cho nguyen tic tranh tung theo tien trinh cai each tfl phap hien nay.
Ve ban chat ciia md'i quan he gifla Toa an va Vien kiem sat la phd'i hdp, che fldc nhflng khdng lam md't di tinh ddc lap trong thflc thi chflc nang mdi nganh va phd'i hdp nhflng khdng bao bien lin nhau. Chung tdi tan thanh nhan dinh ring: "0 giai doan xet xfl, tuy Toa an (hoac hdi dong xet xii) la cd quan gifl vai trd chl dao viec xet xii, la cd quan quyet dinh qua trinh xet xi, nhflng Vien kiem sat va Toa an Iai hoan toan ddc lap vdi nhau. Mdi cd quan tfl chiu trach nhiem ve cdng viec cua minh. Toa an khdng lam thay hay can thiep vao cdng viec ciia Vien kiem sat (kiem sat vien) va ngfldc lai, Vien kiem sat cung khdng can thiep vao cdng viec xet xii ciia Toa an, mac dfl Vien kiem sat cd quyen va trach nhiem kiem sat hoat ddng xet xii cua Toa an"'^.
Trong quan he phd'i hdp cd ban la de giai
quyet nhflng vfldng mac, bat cap trong hoat ddng td tung hinh sfl. Trong quan he che fldc, cd ban la nhim tranh lam quyen trong thflc hien chflc nang tien hanh td tung dd'i vdi Toa an va Vien kiem sat. Trong giai doan cai each tfl phap hien nay, thi md'i quan he gifla Toa an va Vien kiem sat cin dfldc xay dflng theo hfldng phd'i hdp, che fldc nhflng phai dam bao tinh dpc lap cua ngfldi tien hanh va tren cd sd dam bao thflc hien dung chflc nang xet xii ciia Toa an va tang cfldng yeu td tranh tung •
1. Nghi quyet so 08-NQ/TW ngay 2/1/2002 cua Bp Chinh tri "ve mpt so nhiem vu trgng tam cong tac tii phap trong thai gian tdi".
2. Dieu 7 Luat To chdc Vien kiem sat nhan dan nam 2002; Dieu 14, Dieu 15 Luat To chdc Toa an nhan dan nam 2002.
3. Xem cac npi dung phoi hap cu the tai Dieu 26, Dieu 27 Bp hat Td'tung hinh sii nam 2003.
4. Vi du: Ke hoach so 01/KHLN-CA-VKSND- TAND ngay 12/7/2010 cua tinh Binh Duang ve viec phdi hap td chiic dot tong kiem ke ngiiOi co an phat td cdn 6 ngoai xa hpi va ngiidi dang chap hanh liinh phat a cap xa.
5. Vi du: Thong bao sd 149/2009/TBLN-CAT- VKS-TA ngay 5/6/2009 ve ket qua cupc hgp lien nganh Cong an, Kiem sat va Toa an tinh Binh DiiOng ve viec thdng nha't hiidng dan giai quyet nhdng van de viidng mac trong hoat dpng td'tung hinh sii.
6. Trung tam bien soan Til dien Bach khoa Viet Nam (1995), Td dien Bach khoa Viet Nam, Ha Npi, tr 150.
7. Dd Ngoc Quang (1997), Mdi quan he giUa ca quan dieu tra vdi cac cO quan tham gia to tung binh sii, Nxb chinh tri Qudc gia, Ha NpL tr 99.
8. Vien kiem sat nhan dan tdi cao (2006), So tay Kiem sat vien hinh sii (tap I), Nxb Van hoa dan tpc, Ha noi, tr 46.
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