NGHIEN c u u Ll LUAN
Mo hmh MOOC - Xu hUdng phat trien giao due so hien dai
Hoang Thj M i n h A n h ' , Hoang Anh T ^ a n ^ P h a m Ngoc Qti(Saq\ N g u y e n Hoang G i a n g '
' Vien Kftoa fioc Gi^o due Viel Nam 101 TrSn Hung Dgo. Hoan Kiem, Hi NOi, Viet Nam Email; [email protected]
^ TrUilng Oai hoc FPT Ha Noi Khu Cong ngfie cao Hda Lac - Km29 DEII lo Ttiang Long, Thach Th^f, Ha Ngi, Viet Nam
Email: vietmar)([email protected]
^ Vien Khoa hoc Gtao due Viet Nam 101 Tran Hung E)ao, Hoan Kiem. Hk Npi, Viet Nam Email duong.vnies@gmail com
^ Vign Khoa hoc Giao due Vi61 Nam 101 Tran HUng Dao, Hoan Kie'm, Hk Noi, Viet Nam Email- giangnh [email protected]
TOM TAT: SUphat triin manh me cCia cdng ngh$ thdng tin da giup nginh Giio dgc cd su chuyen minh dang ki trong hoat dgng day vahgc. cd nhieu ddj mdi so vdi md hinh giao due truyen thing, nhu sU chuyin doi cac bai giing tinh tif giiy sang cac dang tai lieu didn td vdi tinh true quan dugc tang cUdng thdng qua da lieu da phuong tien. Vdi sU ho trp tU Internet, vide hgc hidn nay khdng chl dien ra theo hinh thUc hoc t$p trung mi cdn theo hinh thUc fjhan tSn, tde la ngudi hgc ngoai viec ITnh hgi kiin thUc d trUdng Idp cdncd the hoc tip qua cac kenh giao due dUa tren "mdi trudng mang Internet". Dieu niy mang tdi cho ngudi hgc va ngudi day nhieu lua chgn de truyin ba va tiip nhan tn thUc. SO dung Internet nhU mdt cay cau kit noi, giii phap giio due - dio tgo trgc tuyin cung khdng ngdng chuyin minh tU dao tgo tU xa tdi E-learnlng vi md hinh phS biin nhat hien tai la MOOC, mgt xu hUdng phat triin cua giio due si hi^n d^i
T O KHOA: M 6 hinh M o o c ; p h ^ t t r i e n giao due s d hien ^ a l .
4 Nhan bii 02/4/2019 -i- Nhan kel qua phSn bi^n vi chinh siia 17/5/2019 -> Duy^t dang 25/7/2019.
1. Dat van 6i
Sg phat trien manh me cua cong nghe thong tm dS giiip nganh Giao due co sir chuyin minh dang ke trong hoat dong day va hoc, co nhieu doi mci so voi mo hinh giao due truyen thong, nhu sir chuyen doi cac bai giang ttnh tu giay sang cac dang tai lieu dien tu vai tinh tmc quan dugc tang cuong thong qua du: lieu da phuang tien. Theo thong ke tit to chuc Intemet Society, so luong ngucri dung mang Intemet dS tang dot bien trong thoi gian gan day va con s6 nay da len tdi hang ti nguai (Nguon: Brown, K. Global intemet report/Intemet Society, 2018). Dieu nay noi len su tac dpng ciia Intemet den mpi mat cua dcri song con ngudi, tir hoat dong thuang mai den giao due. Voi su ho trp tu Intemet, viec hoc hien nay khong chi dien ra theo hinh thuc hpc tap tmng ma con theo hinh thtic phan tan, tiic la ngudi hpc ngoai viec ITnh hpi kien thiic a tmdng Idp con co the hpc tap qua cac kenh giao d\ic dua tren "moi tmdng m ^ g Intemet", nhu: UdaCity, YouTube EDU, iTunes U... Viec hpc gid day trd nen de dang hem, vdi mpt may tinh cd ket n6i mang, ngudi hoc co the tham khao dupe cac nguon hpc lieu md nhieu hon. Dieu nay mang tdi cho ngudi hpc va ngudi day nhieu lua chpn de truyen ba va tiep nhan tri thiic.
Sli dung Intemet nhu mpt cay cau ket noi, giai phap giao d\ic-dao tao true tuyen ciing khong ngimg chuyen mmh tii dao tao tir xa tdi E-leaming va mo hinh pho bien nhat hien t?i 1^ MOOC, mgt xu hudng ciia giao due so hien dai.
2. Npi d u n g n g h i e n ciiru 2.1. Tong quan ve MOOC
MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) co mdi quan h?
chat che vdi distance learning (tam dich la dao t^o tii xa).
Distance learning von bat nguon tir the ki XIX. 0 thdi diem do, distance learning chi dan thuan la gui tai li?u hpc tap
den cho hpc vien thong qua dudng buu dien. Cung vdi stf phat triin vk cong nghe d the ki XX, lan luat cac hinh thirc bo trg cho dao tao tu xa ra ddi, nhu audio (thong qua radio, cassettes) hay tmyen hinh.
Nhimg nam cuoi the ki XX, su phat trien ciia Internet mang den nhieu hudng tiep can mdi cho distance learning.
Giai doan nay danh diu sir chuyin doi tii mo hinh distance learning tmyen thong sang E-leaming. Diem khac bi?l chinh ciia E-leaming so vdi distance learning la cac nguon tai lieu chii yeu dugc phan phoi qua cac he thdng mang may tinh. Tuy nhien, d giai doan nay, cac khda hpc E-Iearaing van mang tinh mpt chieu va thieu su tuang tac vdi ngum hpc. Do nhu cSu tuang tac vdi ngudi hpc tang cao, Web 2.0 dugc phat trien va cac he thdng E-leaming cung di theo xu hudng vdi viec them cac tinh nang nhu diln ddn (fomm), chat, hay cac he thdng quan li hpc vien (LMS-Learner Management System). Npi dung va each phan phdi cac ngudn tai nguyen hpc tap cung din trd nen da dang han, tir nhirng video bai giang dugc ghi lai tir cac Idp hpc tmyen thdng cho den cac ngudn tai nguyen cho phep ngudi dirng tai ve
NhQng ngudn tai nguyen tren chu yiu duac phan ph6i qua cac platform phd bien nhu Mit Open Course Ware, iTunes, YouTube, Khan Academy hay Webcast ciia cSc trudng. Mpt so khac dugc phan phdi dudi dang cac khoa hpc cap tin chi (credit) nhu cac chuang trinh Open Learning hiitiative ciia dai hpc (DH) Carnegie Mellon hay Stanford Engineering Everywhere. Ngoai ra, con cd cac trudng nhu Open University cung c4p cac chuang trinh hpc chinh thdng ciia hp dudi dang dao tgo tryc tuyen.
MOOC chi th\rc su biing nd thanh mpt irao I nam 2012 khi ma cac platform Ion nhu Coursera HY Udacity hay Future Leam dugc gidi thiC'u Cac pia,<-
T^P CHI KHOA HOC GIAO \)\)C VIET NAM
nay thudng co diem chung la dugc nhan sir hd trg tich c\rc tii cac tmdng DH cung nhu gidi hpc thuat. Cac tinh nang nhu qudn li tiln dp khda hpc, hay quan li viec cdp chting chi ciing dugc phat triin tdt hem dl dap iing nhu ciu ngay cang tang cao ciia ngudi hpc. Hien mpt sd chuang trinh tren cac platform nay da cho phep ddi ra tin chi tuang duong d cac trudng DH tmyen thdng.
"MOOC la cac khoa hpc dugc thilt ke cho mot sd lugng ldn ngudi tham di^, cac khoa hpc nay cd the dugc tmy cap d bat cur nai nao va cho bat ki ai neu nhu hp cd the ket not vdi Intemet. La nguon md cho tit ca mgi ngudi, khong ddi hdi phai chiing thy:c trinh dp mdi cd the tham gia, cung cip ckc khoa hpc true tuyen hoan chinh va hoan toan mien phi" (Nguon: OpenupEd, Definition Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), http://www.openuped.eu., 2016).
MOOC la tu viet tfit ciia Massive Open Online Course.
Mdi chir trong MOOC diu mang mpt y nghTa va ndi len nhirng diem dac trung vdn cd ciia md hinh nay, bao gom:
M (Massive): Mang y nghia dai tra, tiic la nham vao sd ddng ngudi hpc, vdi so lugng Idn han so vdi hinh thiic hpc tap trung tren Idp hay cac khda hoc true tuyen tmyen thdng.
Sd lugng ngudi hpc co thi len din hang tram nghin ngudi.
O (Open): Tinh md trong MOOC mang nhieu y nghia khac nhau. Dau tien, tinh md dugc hieu nhu chinh sach tham gia khdng gidi han ciia ngudi hoc, khdng can chiing nhan kien thiic hay bang cap mdi cd the tham gia cac khoa hpc nay. Y nghTa thu: hai la tinh md ciia tai nguyen hpc tap - MOOC dam bao tai nguyen hpc tap ciia khda hpc luon ludn cd the tmy cap va hoan toan mien phi. Va cudi ciing la tinh md trong van de ban quyen - ndi dung ciia khoa hpc cd the tai sir dyng trong myc dich hpc tap va giang dgy.
O (Online) • Dya tren nln tang mgng Intemet, hoat dpng day va hpc hoan toan dugc tien hanh qua mdi tmdng tryc tuyin, khdng phu thupc vdo thdi gian hay khoang each vi tri vat li cua ngudi hpc, chi can cd ket ndi Intemet la cd the hpc dugc.
C (Course): Mang y nghia la mgt khda hpc hodn chinh.
Cac khda hpc nay dugc thilt kl phii hop vdi dac thii day hpc tryc tuyin, bao gdm: Tai nguyen hpc tap, co che tuang tac (ngudi day - ngudi hpc va ngudi hoc - ngudi hgc), cac hogt d^ng trong day hpc (nhiem vy, bai tap, kilm tra, phan hdi...).
Ban than khai niem d tren chi Id sy md ta khai quat vl mo hinh MOOC ndi chung. Tuy nhien trgn thuc tl, hi?n tai cd hai mo hinh chinh ciia MOOC la: "xMOOC va cMOOC" (Ngudn: Angel, F.B. Maria, S.E L., Francisco. G.
P.J. Methodological approach and technological fi-amework to break the current limitations of MOOC model //Joumal of Universal Computer Science, 2015).
xMOOC (transmissive MOOC): Dya tren ciu tnic nhu ldp hpc tmyIn thdng. Md rpng d day cd the hilu la sy bd sung CO chl hpc tgp tryc hiyln nhu la co chl hpc tap chinh bdi vi?c cung cip tdi li?u di?n tir kit hgp bdi giang video ghi Igi tren ldp, cac cau hdi, cac bdi kiem tra va danh gia....
Npi dung bai giang trong md hinh xMOOC tgp tmng xoay
quanh ngudi day chii khdng phai cong ddng ngudi hpc.
Ngudi day tmyen dgt ndi dung hpc tdi ngudi hpc gidng nhu d cac ldp hpc tmyen thdng.
cMOOC (connectivist MOOC): Khac vdi md hinh hpc tap tmyen thdng, ndi dung hgc tap chi dupe cung cap bdi ngudi dgy, md hinh cMOOC theo tieu chi xay dyng mdt cdng ddng cimg hpc tap. Dac diem ciia mo hinh ndy dya tren triet li chia se, ddng gdp va ket noi tri thiic. Ngudi hpc ddng vai trd xay dyng npi dung khda hpc ciing nhu ty quan U tien dp hpc tap ciia minh dua tren nhung tdi lieu dupe cung cap san. Mdt sd md hinh khac dugc phat trien dua tren MOOC de md rdng tinh iing dung, bao gdm: SPOC (Small Private Online Course) ho trg cho cac ldp hpc tmyen thong d cdc tmdng DH hoac SOOC (Small Open Online Course) danh cho cac khda hpc can phan loai ngudi hgc dya tren bai kiem tra dau vao. Ngudi day cung Id ngudi hpc vd mgng xa hdi la cdng cy chinh dugc sir dyng trong md hinh nay.
2.2. Qua trinh hoat dong cua MOOC
Tir nam 2011, MOOC da gay chii y vdi khda hpc ve tri tue nhan tgo (artificial intelUgence) cua giao su Sebastien Thmn va cpng su Peter Novig d DH Stanford. Noi tiep thanh cdng tir khda hpc tren, dng da cho ra ddi start-up mang ten Udacity. Cac platform ldn khac nhu Coursera (do Daphne Koller va Andrew Ng sang lap) hay edX ciing lan lugt ra mdt khong lau sau dd (xem Hinh 1).
Hinh 1: Sadd md hinh MOOC [I]
Tuong ty nhu dao tgo tir xa (distance learning), cac khda hgc MOOC dugc iriln khai va cung cip qua Intemet. Mpt trong nhimg yeu td tao nen sy khac biet cua MOOC so vdi cac khda dao tao tir xa tmyen thdng la so lugng ngudi dang ki (subscriber) cd the len din hdng ngan ngudi hgc va thudng khdng gidi ban hay rang huge ve dilu ki?n tham dy ciing nhu phi dang ki.
Ben car^ viec cung cip kien thiic den cho hgc vien, cac platform ldn ve MOOC cdn d5t myc tieu ldm cho cac khda hpc ciia hg dugc cdng nhan rdng rai. De gidi quyet van dk tren, hp da hgp tac vdi nhieu ddi tac tir cac tmdng DH cho din cac cdng ty, td chiic ldn, cd the ke den edX vdi cac khda hgc "Professional Education" [2] hay chuang trinh "Micro Masters" (hpc vien cd thi quy ddi ra credit dl hgc tilp len cac chuang trinh bac sau DH tuang img d cac trudng DH ddi tac) [3], hojc Coursera vdi cac khda hpc
"Specializations" (Chuyen nganh) (hpc vien trd phi hang thang dl tmy cap vao cac khda hpc thupc mpt chii de cy thi) [4].
Sfi19thanQ7/2019 9
NGHIEN CUU Ll LUAN
Ngoai ra, mgt s6 t m d n g D H cung b i t ddu khai thdc mo hinh M O O C d l t i l p can dugc n h i l u sinh vien han ciing n h u cat gidm chi phi ddo tao, trong do dang chii y co su kien Vi?n Cdng nghe Georgia (Georgia Institute of Technology) trien khai hai chucmg trinh ddo tao thac sT tryc m y l n (Online Master) ve Computer Science (Khoa hpc may tinh) {triin khai ciing vdi AT & T tren platform Udacity) va Analytics (hgp tac vdi edX) vdi chi phi t h i p hon dang k l so vdi cdc chucmg trinh ddo tao tir xa t m y I n t h i n g [5]. hay Trudng DH M d (The Open University), mpt t m d n g vdn co t h i manh v l ddo tao tir xa, gidi thieu va trien khai platform Future Leam vdn d u o c xay dimg theo mo hinh M O O C .
I 2. Hogt ddng ca bdn ctia mdt hi thdng MOOC flguon: He thong MOOCEdx. https V/www.edx.org Hg thong MOOC Coursera htlpsV/www.coiirsera org HithongMOOC
Udacity. https://i\'\\n.uda- city com).
% H o a t dpng CO ban ciia M O O C dugc minh hpa tren Hinh 2, he thdng mang tinh chat ket noi giira ngudi dgy vd ngudi hpc tren todn the gidi Nhirng he thdng M O O C nay dugc cung cap bdi cac td chirc phi Ipi nhuan tir cac t m d n g DH hoac bdi cdc td chiic co muc dich thucmg mgi. Hg cung cap he thdng M O O C va nhan vien dc van hanh he thdng cung n h u hd trg ngudi su dung bao gdm: Ngudi quan m he thdng, ngudi hd trg cong nghe, nhan vien marketing... Cac t m d n g DH uy tin se d u g c chieu mo vd lien ket den h? thdng M O O C nham trien khai cac khoa hpc tryc tmyen cd chat luong. Cac giao su trong cdc trudng DH chiu trach nhiem cho viec thiet ke khda hoc vdi sy hd trp ciia nhan vien kT thuat \ ' l mat cdng nghe. Hp tien hanli xay dung khda hoc vdi cac cdng doan bao gdm: Khao sat vd len ke hoach cua klida hpc mudn md. dam bao tinh khd thi \ a thu hiit nhieu hgc vicn T i l p theo, hp se tien hdnh thu thap cac tai nguyen hpc tap. Cac tdi nguyen ndy cd the Id sach, tai lieu tham khao. hoac cac tai nguyen khac hd trg cho mdn hpc. Tiep sau dd la cdng doan bien sogn de c u a n g vd xay dyng hudng d i n day hpc dua tren cdng nghe da p h u a n g tien. Day Id d i l m khdc bict Idn so \ di day hpc truyen thdng. Hoat dpng
day hgc chii yeu dua tren video, dugc quay lai tir cac bai giang tmc tiep tren Idp, cd sy hd trg ciia cac smdio xu li phim anh. Va cong dogn cuoi ciing Id hoach dinh hoat ddng ciia khda hgc. Do tinh chat hgc tmc tuyen. \ icc hoach dinh nay cd nhimg dgc trung n e n g nhu cdch thirc "ngudi hgc t u a n g tac, sir dung phuong tien de hpc, hinh thirc kiem u a vd danh gia ..." [5], [6].
Mpi bp phan quan li hgc tap tryc tmyen. Bd phgn ndy gdm hai thanh p h i n chinh. Thanh phan lliir nhdt ddm nhan vai trd qudn li ngudi hgc va cac khda hgc trong h? thdng.
Mpt khoa hoc sau khi d u a c thiet ke xong sc d u g c trien khai trong he thdng. Khda hpc se dugc bp phdn marketing pho bien tren cac p h u a n g tien tmyen thdng nliam chieu mp ngudi hpc tren toan the gidi. Quy mo cua chien luge marketing dugc tien hanh se phu thupc vao tinh t h u a n g mgi hay phi t h u a n g mai ciia td chiic. Thdnh phan nay trong h?
thong cung dam trach nhiem vu giao tiep \ d i ngudi hpc, cho phep ghi danh va bao cao tien trinh hpc tap. Nhu hai nhan cua he thdng quan li, nd dam nhiem viec qudn li hd sa ngudi hpc, cdc khoa hpc u o n g he thdng va dam bdo sao cho cdc khoa hgc d u g c td chiic va vgn hanh song song, khong xdy ra tinh trang chdng cheo vd tudn thii theo hoach djnh hoat dpng dugc thiet ke ni t m d c ciia khoa hpc Thanh phan thii hai ciing chinh la thdnh phan quan trpng nhat trong h?
thdng M O O C Id quan li hpc tap cho khoa hpc. Cdc nhiem vy cLia thanh phan nay bao gom: Dam bao tinh khd dung ciia tai nguyen hpc lieu cd the truy xuat bdi cac hpc vien bao gdm De cuong, sach, bai giang, video bdi gidng va cac tai nguyen da p h u a n g tien khac; Cung cdp c o che tucmg tac trong cpng ddng hpc tap gdm Sir dung cac phan mem hpc tap tuong tac, dien dan trao doi mdn hoc va cac trang mgng xa hgi nhu Wiki, Blog, Facebook, Twitter.. Thdnh phan quan li hpc tap con dam nhdn cdng tac kiem tra vd danh gia chat lugng tiep thu cua hpc vien trong sudt qud trinh day hpc. Day la cong doan co nhieu cai ticn trong thdi gian qua, nhung "Van con ton tai nhieu bat cap ve tinh nghiem tiic va phap li" [5], [6].
2.3. Xay dimg va trien khai MOOC
Sy phdt tnen cua md hinh M O O C da m d ra nhilu hudng mdi trong ITnh vuc giao due vd ddo tao. N h d vao viec tan dung Web de cung cap cdc khda hpc. M O O C giiip xda bo nhirng han che ve vj tri dia li. tir do cac khda hpc M O O C cd the tiep can d u g c nhieu ngudi hoc han Vdi s6 lugng ngudi hpc tang len. chi phi ciing dugc cdt gidm ddng k l . Ben canh do. nhieu td chiic, cdng ti vd cac t m d n e DH cdn tan dyng M O O C de quang bd chat lugng ddo lao cua minh thdng qua cac khda hpc ngan han tren cac platform phd b l l n nhu Coursera, edX, Udacity, Future Leam.
Tuy nhiin. md hinh MOOC van cdn mot so mdt han chi Tinh linh hoat ve mat thdi gian vd dia diem cua M O O C mang lai nhilu Igi ich cho ngudi hgc. nhung nd cung phdn nao lam ngudi hgc mat di sy tap tmng hoac ddng lyc c i n thiet de hoan tat khoa hpc. Ket qua la so lugng ngudi theo ddi khda hpc tren thyc te thudng thap h a n nhieu so \(>|
sd lugng ngudi dang ki. Ngoai ra, MOOC van chua dugc
i 0 TAP CHI KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
cdng nhan gia tri rdng rai nhu cac khda hpc tmyen thdng, mac dil cac nha td chiic MOOC va dii tde vdn dang ed gang cdi thien tinh trgng nay, dien hinh nhu cac chuang trinh Professional Education va Micro Masters ciia edX [2], [3], hay OMS CS (Online Master of Science in Computer Science) cua Udacity [5]. Ben canh do, cdc yeu cau ddi vdi MOOC ve ca bdn cd nhieu diem khac biet so vdi md hinh ldp hgc tmyen thdng:
- Cac vin dl ve kT thuat lien quan den chit lugng video/
audio ciia bai giang hogc tai lieu di kem cin dugc chii trgng han.
- Ddi vdi cdc Idp hgc truyen thong, trong nhilu trudng hgp ngudi day chi cung cip trich din hogc danh sach tdi lieu (reading list) cho ngudi hpc. Trong khi do, cac khda hpc MOOC phdi cung cap diy dii tdi lieu di kem, bao gdm cd tai lieu ty bien soan vd tdi Heu dugc phan phdi tren Web dudi dgng hpc lieu md (Open Educational Resources).
- Cac bai kiem tra, bdi tap deu dugc thyc hien vd ddnh gia online, do do ngi dung ciing can dugc dieu chinh sao cho phii hgp.
- Yeu can v8 ban quyen ddi vdi tdi nguyen h6 trg viec hpc (bao gdm ca chu thich, trich dan, bieu dd, hinh minh hpa) cung dugc that chat han.
Vai nhirng vdn de ke tren, viee huy dgng du ngudn lire vd hoaeh dinh chiin luge cdn thiet rdt quan trgng trong viic xdy dung vd triin khai MOOC. cd Ihi ke den.
- Dpi ngii gidng day phdi co khd ndng trinh bay tdt ben canh kha nang chuyen mdn. Ciing vdi sy hd tra tir dpi ngii kT thudt (platform, quay phim, thiet ke do hpa, quan tri vien, kiem tra thu, quan H dy an...), day la ngudn nhan lyc chinh quyet dinh chat lugng cua MOOC. Ngoai ra, do qua trinh xdy dung npi dung khoa hpc va quay phim cd the tdn nhieu thdi gian vd cdng sue nen kha nang lam viec nhdm ciing nhu tinh kien nhan ciing la cac td chdt can thiet.
- Ddi tde xay dung khoa hgc (platform, hpc thuat, cdng nghiep...) cdn phai dugc chgn lya dya tren nhieu yeu td:
Chdt lugng, danh tieng, kinh nghiem xay dyng MOOC...
- Thdi gian tir liic cong bd khda hgc cho tdi Iiic chinh thirc tnln khai cin dugc can nhdc sao cho dam bao dugc thdi gian chudn bi cho khda hgc (giam tdi da tinh trang ddi ngdy hpc) vd dat dugc sd lugng hpc vien tham gia cdn thiet (enrollment).
- Npi dung khda hpc nen dugc chia nhd de giiip ngudi hgc thuan tipn hon trong viec theo doi. Thdi lugng tmng binh ciia mdi video thudng ndm trong khoang tir 5 phiit den tdi da 15 phut.
- Xem xet hinh thiic td chirc khda hgc theo session (tat ca ngudi hpc tham gia theo mpt lich trinh cy the) hpgc self-paced (mdi hpc vien ty quylt djnh tien dp hpc tap ciia minh).
- Dk tdng cudng tinh tucmg tac ciia khda hpc, mpt sd khda hpc cho phep ngudi hgc tham gia xay dung bdng each thao ludn (discussion), ddng gdp ndi dung (bdi lugn, video, hinh anh...). Vdi sd lugng ngudi hgc Idn. chiln luge ndy Cling gdp phin trong qua trinh xay dyng tri thiic tap the
(collective knowledge constmction).
- Do khdng bj gidi han ve vi Ui dia li, MOOC thudng hudng den ddi tugng ngudi hpc tren phgm vi loan cau. De dat dugc muc tieu tren, ndi dung ciing nhu ngdn ngt? gidng dgy nen dugc xay dyng sao cho phii hgp. Cdc khda hoc sir dyng tieng Anh lam ngon ngif giang day thudng thu hiit nhieu hgc vien ban so vdi cac ngdn ngif khac. Ddi vdi cac khda hpc mang tinh dia phucmg hda hoac cd hudng tiep can cdc thi trudng ngon ngif khac, cdc nhd td chiic khda hpc can chii y huy ddng vd su dyng nhdn !uc phii hgp cho vi?c xay dyng phu de hoac bien dich npi dung hpc [5], [6].
2 . 4 . Hoat dong cua MOOC t a i Viet Nam
Tmyen thdng dan tpc Viet Nam ludn coi trpng viec hpc Id hang ddu. Hien nay, nhieu td chiic d Viet Nam da quan tdm den viec trien khai cac boat dpng hd trg ngudi dan hpc tap suot ddi (Vi dy: DH FPT,..). Day chinh la dieu kien thuan Igi cho viec phat trien boat dpng ciia MOOC d thi tmdng Viet Nam. Tuy cd tiem nang thj tmdng cao, nhung phat trien hoat dgng ciia MOOC d Viet Nam ciing gdp nhieu trd ngai ldn. Van de ve tdt chinh, su quan tdm cua cac nha phat trien giao dye,... vd mpt trong nhifng bat cap Idn nhat chinh Id thdi quen su dung Internet cua ngudi hgc. Mdc dii cd sd lugng ngudi diing Intemet cao, nhung phan ldn chi tap tmng vdo muc dich gidi tri [7].
Theo sy ddnh gid vd kinh nghiem ciia cac chuyen gia, chiing ta cdn tap trung trien khai md hinh MOOC theo hai phuang phdp. Vdi phuang phap thit nhat, cac ca sd gido due Viet Nam cd the lien ket vdi cac he thdng Idn cd sdn d nudc ngodi nhu Edx, Coursera va Udacity. . de dua cac khoa hpc npi dia vdo he thdng giao dye qudc te. Cdch tilp can nay dang dugc dp dung bdi nhieu tmdng tgi nhieu nudc d chdu A nhu Nhat Bdn, Han Quoc va Tmng Qudc. Vdi phuang phap thii hai, can cd mpt to chitc trong nudc diing dau lien ket cdc ca sd giao dye va td chiic nay phai dii manh ve kinh te de dau tu co sd vat chat cho mdi trudng hgc tgp mang tinh chat cdng nghe [7].
Mgc dil cdc khoa hpc da ITnh vyc nhu kinh te, vdn hod, cdng nghe da dugc trien khai thanh cdng d nhilu nudc, nhung vdi dieu kien kinh te nhu hien nay chiing ta nen budc dau tap trung vao cac khda hpc cd tinh khd thi cao vdi cac mdn hgc ve cdng nghe. Ngodi ra, chiing ta co the ap dyng ket hgp vdi cdc mdn hpc khac, chdng ban ket hgp MOOC trong giang day thyc hanh, vi thyc hdnh ddi hdi nhieu thdi gian, kha ndng ty hpc cao vd dd cung Id the manh ciia MOOC Dua he thdng MOOC vao van hdnh nhu mgt thdnh phan chinh qu\ trong giao due - dao tao, nic la cd sy ddnh gia, ghi nhgn kel qud trong qud trinh hgc tap va xem dd la diem hpc chinh thiic, khi dd se ddm bao tinh nghiem tiic trong hgc tap cua ngudi hgc. Ngodi ra, trong chucmg tiinh ddo tgo nen them cac mdn hpc mang linh bit bupc.
Khuyen khich ngudi hpc tham gia cac khda hgc MOOC ciia nudc ngodi nhdm tiep thu kien thiic chuyen sau de tiep can phuang phdp ddo tgo mdi va "cd the tiep tyc hpc tap sau khi tot nghiep theo triet Ii hpc tap sudt ddi" [7].
Sfl 19 ttiang 7/2019 11
NGHIEN COTULfLUAN
3. Ket luan
Md hinh M O O C cd rat nhieu tiem nang vd se cd nhieu h u d n g phdt tnen mdi trong t u a n g lai. D u g c hirih thdnh va phdt trien trong thdi gian qua. M O O C dugc xem la mdt hien tugng va Id trao luu mdi trong ki nguyen gido due sd hien dai. Nd da de lai nhieu ddu an sau sac trong phdt trien giao dye, vdi tieu chi mang ngudn tri thuc m d chat lupng den vdi sd dong ngudi hpc. Vdi Ipi ich to Idn do M O O C mang lai, hang loat cac he thdng ldn da ra ddi khdng chi d que h u a n g ciia M O O C la Hoa Ki, md cdn lan rpng den cac quoc gia khac tren toan the gidi. Mac dii d u o c lien dodn n h u Tai lieu tham khao
Jean - Charles Pomerol & Yves Epelboin & Claire Thoury, (2015), MOOCs- Design, Use and Business Models, Wiley-ISTE.
Mary Jo Madda, (2015), Microsoft and edX Partner to Deliver Real- World Skill Learning, EdSurge.
Office of Digital Learning, (2016), Thirteen universities adopt MicroMasters and launch 18 new programs via edX", MIT News.
la budc nhdy vpt trong cdng nghe dgy hoc nhung ban man M O O C cung mang theo cd c o hpi lan thdch thirc va \ an con tdn tai nhilu han c h l ndi tai chua k h i c phuc d u a c . Van de v l ngdn ngii, tai chinh, c h i t lupng, thdi quen van dang la rao can ldn ddi vdi cdc qudc gia dang phat tnen trong do co Viet Nam. M O O C vdn dang timg budc t m d n g thanh va la xu h u d n g day hgc ciia m a n g lai Hien tai. M O O C van dang la mo hinh li m d n g xk nen dp dung kit hgp mo hinh ndy vdi m o hinh day hgc t m y I n thdng de phat huy tdi da the manh cua ca hai loai m o hinh day hpc.
[1]
[2]
[3]
Kuchler - Hannah, (2016). Education start-up Coursera shifts to monthly subscriptions, Financial Times.
Martha C. White, (2013). The $7.000 Computer Science Degree - and Ihe Future of Higher Education, Time C-C. Chen, (2013), Opportunities and challenges of MOOCS' perspectives from Asia II IFLA World Library and Information Congress.
Nguyen Ngoc Tuan, (2016), Cdc khod hgc dgi trd tryc tuyin ma MOOC.
MOOC MODEL - A TREND OF MODERN E-LEARNING DEVELOPMENT
Hoang Thi Minh A n h \ Hoang Anh T u a n ^ Pham Ngoc Duong^ Nguyen Hoang Giang'
' The Vietnam National Institute ot Educational Sciences
101 Tran Hung Dao St, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam Email. anglespans2001 ©yahoo com
^ FPT University, Hanoi
Hoa Lac Hi-Tech Parte - Km29 Thang Long Boulevard.
Thach That, Hanoi, Vietnam Email: vietmarketer@gmail com
^ The Vietnam National Institute ot Educational Sciences
101 Tran Hung Dao St, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam Email duong vnies@gmail com
•• The Vietnam Nationai Institute of Educational Sciences
101 Tran Hung Dao St. Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam Email- giangnh pse@gmail com
ABSTRACT: The strong development of information technology has helped the education sector make a significant change in teaching and learning activities.
Comparing to the traditional education model, there are many innovations in E-learning. such as switching from using static lectures paper to using electronic documents to enhance visualization through multimedia data. With the support from the Internet, learning nowadays not only takes place in the form of concentrated learning but also tn the form of a dispersion, ie learners, in addition to acquyring knowledge at the school, can also learn through education based channels on "Internet environment". This brings the learner and the person who teaches many choices to spread and receive knowledge.
Using the Internet as a bridge, the online education-training solution has also constantly transformed itself from distance learning to E-leaming and the most popular model now is MOOC. a trend of modern E-learning development.
KEYWORDS: MOOC model; modem E-learning development.
TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
