NHCTNG D I E M MOfI TRONG CAC QUY DINH VE BIEN
PHAP AP GIAI, DAN GIAI CUA BO LUAT T 6 TUNG HINH
Sir NAM 2015 VA MOT SO VAN DE C A N HOAN THIEN
Ngd Vdn Vinh Ngd Thanh Nhdn *
Tdm tat: Bdi viel phdn tich nhdng diem mdi trong cdc quy dinh ve bien phdp dp gidi. ddn gidi cita Bd lugt Td tung Hinh su ndm 2015, ddng thdi chi ra mot sd vdn de cdn hodn thien.
Abstract: The article analyses new points in regulations on escort under the 2015 Criminal Procedure Code, thereby points out several issues m need of revision.
1. Ap giai, dan giai khdng phai ia nhiing bien phap mdi, ma da dupe quy dinh trong Bo mat Td tung Hinh sir (TTHS) nam 2003, Theo do, trong Bp iuat TTHS nam 2003.
viec ap giai, dan giai duoc quy dinh tai cac dilu: Dilu 49 (Bj can); Dilu 50 (Bi cao);
Dieu 55 (Ngudi iam chung), Dieu 130 (Ap giai bj can tai ngoai), Dieu 134 (Dan giai ngudi lam chiing); Dieu 187 (Su cd mat ciia bl cao tai phien tda) va Dieu 192 (Su' cd mat ciia ngudi lam chiing). Tuy nhien, mot sd bat cap ciia cac quy dmh nay da hoc lo trong qua trinh ap dung. Chinh vi vay, Bd luat TTHS nam 2015 da co nhung sua doi, bd sung nhu sau:
Thu nhdt, ve doi tugng bi dp dung + Ddi vdi bien phdp dp gidi.
Khoan 3 Dilu 49 Bp luat TTHS nam 2003 quy dinh: "Bi can phdi cd mat Iheo gidy trieu tap cua Ca quan dieu tra. Vien hem .sdt. trong trirdng hap vdng mat khdng cd ly do chinh ddng ihi cd the bt dp gidi:
neu bd trdn thi bi truv nd "; va khoan 3 Dieu 50 Bd luat TTHS nam 2003 quy dmh: "Bi
ThS . Hoc vicn Chinh tn Cong an nhan dan ' ThS , Trirong Trung cap Canh sat nhan dan VI
cdo phdi CO mat theo gidy trieu tap cua Tod dn: trang trudng hcrp vdng mat khdng cd ly da chinh ddng thi cd the bi dp gidi. neu bd trdn thi bi truy nd". Nhu vay, theo cac quy dinh tren, bien phap ap giai chi dupe ap dung doi vdl bi can, bi cao, Trong khi do, theo khoan 1 Dieu 127 Bp luat TTHS nam 2015, "Ap gidi cd the dp dung ddi vdi ngudi hi giir trong trudng hgp khdn cdp.
ngudi bi budc tgi": va theo diem d, khoan I Dilu 4 Bo luat TTHS nam 2015 "Ngirdi bl buoc tdi gdm ngudi bi bdt, ngudi bi tgm gid, bl can. hi cdo" Co the thay, doi tugng bl ap dung bien phap ap giai trong Bp iuat TTHS nam 2015 da dugc md rdng hon so vdl Bd luat TTHS nam 2003 Theo do, khdng chi bi can, b; cao ma ngudi bi giii trong trudng hgp khan cap, ngudi bi bSt va ngudi bl tam giir ciing co the bi ap dung bien phap ap giai,
+ Dot ven hien phdp ddn gidi Theo quy dmh tai Dilu 55, Dilu 134 va Dilu 192 Bp luat TTHS nam 2003, d l i tugng bl ap dung bien phap dan giai chi eo the ia ngudi iam chimg, con thea khoan 2 Dilu 127 Bp iuat TTHS nam 2015 thi:
"Ddn gidi cd the dp dung doi vdi • 11
.\H4 \U0C r.-i PHAPLUATSO2/2017 a) Ngirdi Idm chirng trong Irudng hgp ho khdng cd mat theo gidy trieu tap md khdng vi ly do bdt khd khdng hodc khong do trd nggi khdch quan;
h) Ngirdi bi hgi trong trudng hap ho tir chdi viec gidm dinh theo quyet dinh trung cdu ciia ca quan cd thdm quyen tien hdnh td tung md khdng vi ly do bdt khd khdng hodc khdng do trd ngai khdch quan;
c) Ngirdi bt td gidc. ngudi bt hen nghi khdi td md qua hem tra. xdc minh cd du can cir xdc dinh ngudi do lien quan den hdnh vi phgm tdi dugc khdi td vu dn. dd dugc trieu tap md vdn vdng mat khdng vi ly do bdt khd khdng hodc khdng do trd nggi khdch quan "
Vdi quy dinh nay, thi ngoai ngudi lam chirng, bien phap dan giai con cd the dugc ap dung dcii vdi ngudi bj hai, ngudi bi to giac, nguiTi bl kien nghi khoi to. Nhu vay, doi tupng CO the bi ap dung bien phap dan giai trong Bo luat TTHS nam 2015 cung dupe mo rpng han. Dac biet, viec quy dmh ngudi bi hai co the bi dan giai trong tru'dng hap hp tir chdi viec giam dinb theo quyet dmh trung cau cua co quan cd tham quyen tien hanh td tung ma khong vi ly do bat kha khang hoac khong do tra ngai kliach quan la mot diem mdi, giup cac ca quan cd tham quyen khac phuc kho khan, vudng mac trong thuc tiln giai quylt mot sd vu an doi hoi phai cd ket luan giam dinh vl ty lc thuong tat cua ngudi hi hai nhung ho tir chdi giam dinh
Thd hai, w thdm quyen dp dung Bp luat TTHS nam 2003 khong co dilu luat quy dnih neng vl tham quyin ap dung ap giai, dan giai. Theo do. tham quyin ap dung bien phap ap giai, dan giai duoc quy dinh rai rac trong mdt so dilu luat, cu thi:
+ Khoan 3 Dieu 49 Bp luat TTHS nam 2003 quy dmh: "Bi can phdi cd mat theo gidy trieu tap cua Ca quan dieu tra. Vien kiim sdt: trong trudng hcrp vdng mat khdng cd ly do chinh ddng thi cd the bi dp gidi.
neu bd trdn thi bi truy nd ",
+ Khoan 3 Dilu 50 Bo luat TTHS nam 2003 quy dmh: "Bi cdo phdi cd mat theo gidy trieu tap ciia Tod dn: trong trudng hap vdng mdt khong cd ly do chinh ddng thi co the bi dp giai. neu hd trdn thi hi truy nd ";
+ Diem a, khoan 4 Dieu 55 Bd luat TTHS nam 2003 quy dinh ngudi iam chiing cd nghia vu' "Cd mat theo gidy trieu tap cua Ca quan dieu tra, Vien kiem .sdt, Toa dn. trong trudng hap cd y khong den ma khdng cd ly da chinh ddng vd viec vdng mat ciia hg gdy trd nggi cho viec dieu tra, truy td. xet xir thi co the bi ddn gidi"
Nhu vay, ca quan tien hanh td tung (Co quan dicu tra, Vien kiem sat, Tda an) trieu tap bi can, bi cao, ngudi lam chiing c6 tham quyen ra quyet dinb ap giai, dan giai.
Ve tham quyen ciia ca nhan khi ap dung bien phap ap giai, dan giai, Bd luat TTHS nam 2003 quy dinh tham quyen cho Dieu tra vien:
"Dieu Ira vien duac phdn cdng dieu tra vu dn hinh sir cd nhung nhiem vu vd quyen hgn sau ddy:... Quyet dinh dp gidi hi can, quyet dinh ddn gidi ngudi lam chirng..
(diem c, khoan 1 Dieu 35) va "Bi can phdi cd mdt Iheo gidy tncu tdp Trong truang hgp vdng mat khdng cd ly do chinh ddng hodc CO bieu hien trdn trdnh thi Dieu Ira vien cd the ra quyet dinh dp gidi " (khoan 3 Dilu 129),
So vdl Bd luat TTHS nam 2003, Bo luat TTHS nam 2015 quy djnh ve tham quyen ap giai, dan giai theo hudng md rdng hon 28
.\HCNG DIE.Vl Mdi TRONG..
"Dieu tra vien, cdp trudng cua ca quan dugc giao nhiem TO tien hdnh mat sd hogt ddng dieu tra. Kiem sdt vien. Thdm phdn chii toa phien tda. Hdi ddng xet xic cd quyen ra quyet dinh dp gidi, ddn gidi" (khoan 3 Dieu 127). Viec md rdng tham quyen ap dung bien phap ap giai, dan giai giup ca quan cd tham quyen tien hanh to tung, ngudi CO tham quyen tien hanh to tung co the ap dung Imh hoat ban, tao dieu kien thuan Igi cho qua trinh giai quyet cac vu an hinh su.
Thir ba, ve thu tuc dp gidi, ddn gidi + Ve ngi dung quyel dinh dp gidi. ddn gidi.
Bp luat TTHS nam 2003 quy dinb ndi dung quyet dinh ap giai, dan giai rieng trong cac dieu luat khac nhau.
Trang Bd luat TTHS nam 2015, ndi dung quyet dinh ap giai, dan giai da dugc quy dinh trong ciing mpt dieu luat: "Quyet dinh dp gidi. quyet dinh ddn gidi phdi ghi ro ho ten, ngdy. thdng, ndm sinh, nai cu tru ciia ngudi bi dp gidi. ddn gidi, thai gian.
dia diem ngirdi bi dp gidi. ddn gidi phdi cd mat vd cdc ndi dung quv dinb tai khodn 2 Dieu 132 cua Bd lugt ndy" (khoan 4 Dieu 127). \'iee quy dinh tap trung nhu vay the hien ky thuat lap phap dam bao tinh thong nhat. thuan tien cho viec nghien cuu va van dung trong thuc tien.
+ Ngoai nhiing diem sua ddi. bo sung nhu tren, Bp luat TTHS nam 2015 con quy dinh cu the cac co quan eo trach nhiem to chuc tbi hanh quyet dinh ap giai, dan giai la Ca quan Cdng an nhdn ddn, Qudn ddi nhdn ddn (khoan 5 Dieu 127)
+ Ben canh do. niu nhu Bp luat TTHS nam 2003 quy dinh. "Khdng dirge dp giai hi can vdo ban dem" (khoan 3 Dicu 130),
va "Khdng duac ddn gidi ngudi lam chirng vdo ban dem" (khoan 4 Dilu 134), thi Bd luat TTHS nam 2015 quy djnh rd ban ve thdi diem, dong thdi bo sung them ddi tugng khdng b; ap dung bien phap ap giai, dan giai: "Khdng dugc bdt ddu viec ap gidi, ddn gun ngudi vdo ban dem: khdng dugc dp gidi, ddn gidi ngudi gid yeu. ngudi bi benh ndng cd xdc nhdn ciia ca quan y te " (khoan 6 Dilu 127).
2. Tir nhiing phan tich tren co the thay, so vdl Bp luat TTHS nam 2003, bien phap ap giai, dan giai trong Bd luat TTHS nam 2015 da CO nhieu sua doi, bo sung theo hudng chat che hon, cu the hem, Tuy nhien, tac gia cho rang, mpt sd quy dinh ve bien phap ap giai, dan giai trong Bp luat TTHS nam 2015 can dugc tiep tuc hoan thien.
Thu nhdt, diem a khoan 3 Dieu 60 quy dinh bi can cd nghia vu, "Cd mat theo gidy trieu tap ciia ngudi cd thdm quyen tien hdnh td tung Trudng hgp vdng mat khdng vi ly do bdt khd khdng hogc khong do trd ngai khdch quan thi co the bt dp gidi... ", va diem a khoan 3 Dieu 61 quy dinb bi cao cd nghia vu, "Cd mdt theo gidy trieu tdp cua Tda dn Trm'mg hap vdng mat khdng vi ly do bdt kha khdng hodc khdng do Ira nggi khdch quan thi cd the hi dp gidi: .. . Nhu vay, eac dieu luat tren chi quy dinh cac trudng hgp (can cii) ap dung bien phap ap giai doi vdi bl can, bi cao, Tuy nhien, nhu da phan tich a tren, doi tugng bi ap giai, ngoai bi can, bi cao cdn gom ngudi hi giir trong trudng hop khan cdp, ngudi bi bat, ngudi bl tam giij. Va khoan 1 Dilu 127 cung chi quy djnh ehung " Ap gidi cd the dp dung dot vdl ngudi hi giir trong Irudng hgp khdn cdp, ngudi hi budc tdi " ma khdng quy dmh ddi vdi tirng ddi tuong eu thi Dieu nay se ddn din su thilu thdntz nhSt
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NHA NUCIC VA PHAP LUAT SO 2/2017 trong nhan thirc va van dung trong thuc tien.
Do do, theo tac gia, cac co quan cd tham quyin edn co van ban hudng dan cu the ve can cir ap dung bien phap ap giai ddi vdi cac ddi tugng neu tren.
- Thu hai, theo diem a, khoan 2 Dieu 127 Bp luat TTHS nam 2015. dan giai cd thi ap dung doi vdi: '^Ngudi 1dm chirng trong trudng hap ho khdng cd mat theo gidy trieu tap md khdng vi ly do bdt khd khdng hogc khdng do trd nggi khdch quan "
Tuy nhien, theo diem a, khoan 4 Dieu 66 Bp luat TTHS nam 2015, ngudi lam chimg CO nghia vu "Cd mat theo gidy trieu Idp ciia ca quan cd thdm quyen tien hdnh td tung. Trudng hap cd y vdng mat md khdng VI ly do bdt khd khdng hodc khdng do trd ngai khdch quan vd viec vdng mdt cua ho gdy trd ngai cho viec gidi quyet ngudn tin vc Idi pham, khdi td, dieu Ira. truy td, xet xir thi cd the hi ddn gidi". Vdi quy dinh nay, dan giai ngudi lam chung chi ap dung trang trudng hgp co y vang mat ma khong vi ly do bat kha khang hoac khong do trd ngai khach quan va viec vang mat ciia ho gay trd ngai cho vice giai quyet nguon tin ve tdi pham. khoi to, dieu tra, truy td, xet xir.
Co the thay, co su thieu thing nhdt trung quy dinh ve can cii ap dung bien phap dan giai ddi vdi ngudi iam chung Theo quan diem ciia tac gia, nen giu ndi dung diem a khoan 4 Dilu 66 Bp luat TTHS nam 2015, vi dan giai la bien phap cudng chi, do do, chi nen ap dung trong trudng hop that can thict ddi vdi ngudi lam chung. Hay noi each khac, chi khi viec v4ng mat ciia ngudi lam chirng gay trd ngai cho vice giai quylt nguon tin ve tpi pham, khdi t l , dilu tra, truy to. xet xu thi mdi ap dung bien phap dan giai Nhu vay, de dam bao tinh thdng nhdt,
dilm a, khoan 2 Dieu 127 Bd iuat TTHS nam 2015 nen dugc sira lai nhu sau:
'"Ngudi Idm chung trong trudng hap ho khdng cd mat theo gidy trieu tap md khdng vi ly do bdt khd khdng hodc khdng do trd nggi khdch quan vd viec vdng mdt cua ho gdv trd nggi cho viec gidi quyet ngudn tin ve tgi pham. khdi td, dieu tra. truy td. xet xu"
Thd ba, theo diem b, khoan 2 Dieu 127 Bp luat TTHS nam 2015, dan giai co the ap dung ddi vdi: "'Ngirdi bi hgi trong trudng hgp ho tir chdi viec gidm dinh theo quyet dinh trung cdu cua ca quan cd thdm quyen lien hdnh td tung md khdng vi ly do bdt khd khdng hodc khdng do trd ngai khdch quan ", va diem 1, khodn 1 Dieu 4:
"Ddn gidi Id viec ca quan cd thdm quyen cudng che ngirdi 1dm chung. ngudi hi to gidc hodc hi hen nghi khdi to den dia diem tien hdnh dieu tra, truy td, xet xu hogc ngudi bi hgi tir chdi gidm dinh " Nhu vay, dan gidi chi ap dung ddi vdi ngudi bi hai trong trudng hgp hp tii' chdi giam dmh,
Tuy nhien, trong Bp luat TTHS nam 2015 kbai niem "ngirdi bi hai" da duac thay bang "bi hat ". Hon nQ-a, theo diem a.
khoan 4 Dieu 62 Bp luat TTHS nam 2015, bi hai c6 nghTa vu: "Cd mdt theo gidy trieu tap cua ngudi cd thdm quyen tien hdnh to tung: trudng hap cd y vang mat khdng vi ly do hdt khd khdng hodc khdng do trd nggi khdch quan thi cd the bi ddn gidi " Vdi quy dmh nay, thi dan giai cdn duge ap dung vai bl hai trong trudng hap co y vang mat khdng vi ly do bat kha khang hoac khong do tro ngai khach quan
Co the thay, quy dinb ve viec dan giai bl hai ciing chua dam bao su thong nhat, Vi
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