MOT SO OAC OIEM BENH LY 6 GA MAC BENH CAU TRUNG
Nguygn Hufu Nam, Bui Thi To Nga, N g u y i n Thi Hue
Khoa thuy, Bai hgc nong nghiep Hd Not ;•.•..
T O M T A T :: :, '"•'" '^
Cau trung la benh ki sinh triing truyen nhiem nguy hiem va gay nhieu thiet hai eho nganh chan nudi ga. Tie'n hanh nghien ciiu mdt so' dac diem benh ly eiia ga bi mac benh cau triing cho thay ton thUdng dai the chii ye'u la xuat huye't, hoai tii nang d dUdng tieu hda. Tiiy theo loai eau triing hi nhiem ma ton thUdng cd the quan sat dUpe d rudt non, manh trang hay true trang. Cac tdn thUdng vi the bao gom: xung huyet, xua't huye't, hoai tii te bao, thoai hda te bao va xam nhiem te bao viem tai eac cd quan nhU rudt non, manh trang, true trang. Tren tieu ban vi the quan sat dUdc eae giai dean phat trien khac nhau eiia eau trung.
Tri" fe/ida.-Ga, Benh cau triing, Benh ly. "'
Some pathological lesions in coccidiosis diseased chickens
Nguyen HiAi Nam, Biii Thj To Nga, Nguyen Thi Hue
SUMMARY
Ccceidiosis is a dangerous parasitic disease and causing great losses for the aviculture. Studies on the pathological lesion caused by the parasite indicated that the lesions such as hemorrhages and necrosis were found mainly in the gut. According to the parasite species that the lesions were found either in the small intestine, caecum or rectum, the microscopic lesions consisted of : congestion, hemorrhages, cellular necrosis, degeneration and inflitration of the inflammatory cells in the mentioned organs. In the cells the different cycle form ofthe parasite were observed.
Key words: Chicken, Coccidiosis, Pathology
I. D A T V A N D E C) Viet Nam, eae nghien eiiu ve bie'n
„ - V ..- , V . 1 , -4. u« 1. 1 ' • 1- ddi benh ly vi the cua ga bi benh eau Benh eau trung ga la mpt benh ki smh . J O . . , . ' . ..- , .- , .'x' ',, « . triing ehUa nhieu. Do dd, tie'n hanh trung truyen nhiem nguy hiem thUdng gap , .,
1 . . » . ,•-.-,- - -• t - ., n, 1-- nghien eiiu eac bie'n ddi benh ly vi the d ga va dae biet la ga nuoi tap trung theo loi " . J edng nghiep. Cho tdi nay, benh da phd' bie'n '^^'^^ "^^ ^^^'^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ '^^'p thie't, khap mpi ndi tren the' gidi. 1^"^ ^^ ^ ^ ^h° ^i?^ ^^^n doan, eh^n doan
phan biet, phdng va tri benh.
Benh do mdt loai ddn bad thudc bd
Coccidia, gid'ng Eimeria ky sinh trong rudt IL DOIgay nen. Hien nay da phat hien dUdc 11 loai PHAP NGHIEN CUU T U O N G , NOI DUNG VA P H U O N G
Eimeria gay benh tren ga. 6 Viet Nam, benh „ , r^..-. ^ '•• ' . . . •. , , 2.1. Doi tUdng
da va dang gay nhieu thiet hai ve kinh te
cho ngudi Chan nudi do: gay che't cao d ga ' ' " G a Ros 308, Isa Brown d cae l^a tuoi con (30% - 100%), giam san lUdng triing d ga ^^^^^ " ^ ^ ^ ^^^^ ^ ^ ° i ^^^ ^^'^ ^^ ^^ ^^^oi de (20% -40%), giam td'c dp ldn eiia ga, tieu ^^P ^=^^^2' ^^^ " ' ° "^^^ ''^^^c dia ban Ha td'n them chi phi thiie an, chuong trai [6] ^9^- ,, , , , , ,., i .
2.2. PhUdng phdp nghiin cdu 2.2.1. PhUdng phap md' kham
Ta't ca ga d'm va che't nghi bi cau trung deu dupe md' kham theo phUdng phap md kham khdng toan dien eua Skrjabin de kiem tra dudng tieu hda b ba doan: rudt non, manh trang va trUc trang.
Nao niem mac soi tUdi dUdi kinh hien vi de tim noan nang.
2.2.2.PhUdng phap lam tieu ban vi the Mlu benh phaim sau khi dupe cd' dinh trong formol, trai qua cac bUde diic block, eat manh, nhudm HE va dpe ke't qua bang kinh hien vi
2.2.3. PhUdng phap xit ly so'lieu
Cae sd' lieu thu dUdc trong qua trinh nghien ciiu dUpe xii ly bang phUdng phap thd'ng ke tren may vi tinh.
III. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Kit qud nghiin cdu binh tich dai thi chu yiu d gd bi mdc benh cdu trung
Chiing tdi da md kham 195 ga che't, ga benh do e^u triing b cac liia tud'i khac nhau.
Nhiing ga nay da cd ke't qua xet nghiem ed noan nang trong phan. Qua md kham, ehiing tdi quan sat cac tdn thUdng dai the ciia ga hi mie benh. Ke't qua dUpc trinh bay b Bang 1.
Bdng 1. Kit qud md khdm berth tich gd bi nhiim cdu trung d cdc Ida tudi khde nhau
Tuoi ga (ngay)
7-14 15-21 22-28 29-35 36-42 4 3 - 4 9 50-56 Tong
So ga mo kham
18 39 41 46 29 10
12 195
Benh tich 0 dudng tieu hoa
Manh trang So
con 14 31 31 36 17 5 5 139
Tile
(%)
82,35 79,49 75,61 76,60 58,62 50 41,66 66,33'±6,09
Ruot non
So con
1 3 3 5 5 2 3 22
Tile {%) 5,88 7,69 7,32 10,64 17,24 20 25 13,40''+2,79
True trang
So con
- -
2 3 3 1 2 11
Tile
(%)
-
4,88 6,38 10,34
10 16,66 9,65''±2,04
Manh trang va Ruot non So
con
3 5 5 2 4 2 2 23
Tile
(%)
17,65 12,82 12,20 4,26 13,79
20 16,66 13,91''±1,93
Trong cung mgt hdng nhdng gid tri khong nghia P < 0,05.
Qua bang 1 cho thay ; ' ' - Benh tich cl manh trang xua't hien vdi ti le cao nha't, tii 82,35% ci tuan tud'i thii 2 va giam dan cdn 76,6% d tuan tud'i thii 5 va 41,66% d tuan tuoi thii 8. Dao ddng d miic trung binh la 66,33°±6,09 (%)
CO chd cdi chung nhau la sai khac nhau d mdc y
H ! ^ ; . '.• •.•;.:.' .'•!''
• Tud'i ga cang ldn thi ti le xua't hien benh tieh b rupt non cang tang : b tuan tudi thii 2 ehi ed 5,88% nhUng b tuan thii 6 con so' nay la 17,24% va 25% b tuan thii 8. Benh tieh ci true trang eiing ed xu hudng tUdng tii vdi miic dao ddng trung binh la 9,65''±2,04 (%),
tha'p hdn so vdi b rudt non (13,40''±2,79) nhUng ve mat thd'ng ke thi ti le cd benh tich ci hai cd quan nay la nhU nhau.
Trong qua trinh md' kham, chiing tdi phat hien tha'y mdt so' trUdng hpp ghep benh tieh manh trang - rudt nen hay manh trang - trUe trang, tiie la cd bieu hien benh tich rd va dong thdi ca b manh trang, rupt non hoac manh trang va trUc trang. Tuy nhien, benh tich ghep manh trang - rupt non hay gap hdn (ehie'm ti le 13,91%) so vdi benh tich ghep manh trang - trUc trang.
Hien tUpng nay cd the giai thich la ga da khdng chi nhiem duy nhat mdt loai cau triing ma thUdng nhiem td hai leai eau triing trd len, nha't la giai dean ga hdn 30 ngay tudi.
Cae tdn thUdng benh ly chii ye'u bao gem : - Manh trang : Sung to, cang mpng, nhin ben ngoai cd mau dd sam. Ben trong ed mau ddng, gat ldp mau di thay niem mae bi xuat huye't tiing mang, ldp niem mae bi pha hiiy, vach manh trang mdng.
- Rudt non : Nhin tii ben ngoai cd nhiing dam xua't huye't lam tam keo dai. Rudt non cang phong, ben trong ehiia nhieu dich va chat chiia khdng tieu lan mau. Lay dao gat chat chiia ra thay niem mac cd nhieu cho hi xuat huye't, hoai tit. Thanh rudt non go ghe lam eho rupt ehd to, nhd khdng deu.
- TrUc trang : Mac dii benh tieh cl trUc trang xuat hien vdi ti le thap nhUng miie dp tdn thUdng rat nang. Thanh true trang phat trien tang sinh, eho day eho meng, niem mac xua't huye't.
Nhiing ke't luan nay eiing phii hdp vdi ke't qua nghien eiiu eiia mdt sd' tac gia trUdc day:
Dudng Cdng Thuan (1972), Huynh Thi Lan (1986), Le Thi Tuyet Minh (1997), Nguyin Thi Mai (1997), Bach Manh Dieu (1998).
3.2. Ki't qud nghiin cdu binh tich vi thi chu yiu d mdt sd'cd quan cua gd bi binh cdu trung , '
Chiing tdi da tie'n hanh la'y mpt so' mau b mpt so' ed quan eiia ga hi benh cau triing de lam tieu ban, kiem tra benh tieh vi the.
Mdi ga benh, la'y d mdi cd quan mdt mau, mdi mau benh pham dd diic mdt block. Sau qua trinh eat, nhupm, lUa chpn 4 tieu ban dep eiia mdi block de tie'n hanh dpe ke't qua benh tich vi the.
De danh gia sU cd mat eiia eau triing : chi can block mpt tieu ban cd sU xua't hien bat cii giai doan phat trien nao eiia eau triing thi dupc coi la dUdng tinh (+)
Quan sat qua kinh hien vi eae tieu ban vi the met sd' ed quan ciia ga bi benh cau trung, chiing tdi tha'y benh tfch vi the b mdi cd quan nhU sau (Bang 2):
* Ton thUdng vi thed rugt non:
- Cae long nhung bi diit nat. Cae te bao ldng nhung hi bie'n dd'i, dinh lai vdi nhau thanh tiing dam lam dien tieh ha'p thu thiic an d rupt non hi thu hep. , .
- Bieu md rupt xua't huye't, nhieu te bao bieu md bi vd nat do tac ddng ciia cau trung.
- Trong d'ng rupt cd nhieu hong cau, xac bach cau, cac t e b a o thUdng bi...
- 0 ldp ha niem mac tap trung rat nhieu te bao viem nhU bach cau ddn nhan, da nhan.
- Chiing tdi cung tim tha'y cae giai doan phat trien khac nhau ciia cau triing trong cae te bao bieu md. 'J ,
>* , Bdng 2. Binh tich vi thed mdt sd cd quan cua gd bi binh cdu trung
Benh lich
Xung huyet Xua't huye't Tham nhiem te
bao viem Thoai hda te bao
Hoai t i i t e bao
So block nghien ciiu/cd quan
20 20 20
20 20
Manh trang Sd
lu'dng (+) 20 20 20
20 20
T i l e
(%)
100 100 100
100 100
Ruot non Sd iLfdng
(+) 12 20 20
20 18
T i l e
(%)
60 100 100
100 90
True trang Sd
li/dng (+)
16 20 20
20 20
T i l e
(%)
80 100 100
100 100
Gan Sd li/png
(+) 0 0 20
20 4
T i l e
(%)
0 0 100
100 20
* Ton thUcfng vi the d manh trdng : - Ldp niem mac ciia manh trang hi viem, xuat huye't, maeh quan dan rdng, trong ldng mach quan chiia nhieu te bao hong eau va bach ciu.
• Ldng nhung hi diit nat, cae te bao hinh dai bi pha hiiy, cae te bao ldng nhung dinh lai vdi nhau thanh tiing dam.
' - Cd trUdng hdp manh trang dan rdng, dudng kinh tang ga'p 3 -5 lan so vdi binh thUdng, ldp niem mae hi pha hiiy, bao mdn lam eho thanh rudt rat mdng chi cdn lai rat it ldp ha niem mac gan vdi ldp ao cd.
- Chiing tdi eiing tim tha'y eac giai doan phat trien khae nhau ciia eau triing trong cac tebao bieu md, cae sehizont, rnerozoit va macrogamete.
* Tdn thUdng vi thed triic trdng :
• Trong ldng trUc trang ed dich, hong cau va cae te bao niem mac hi thoai hda, hoai tii
- Ldp niem mac bi pha hiiy, xua't huye't tran lan, nhieu te bao bieu md bi hiiy hoai, long nhung diit nat.
- Ldp ha niem mae bi xua't huyet thanh tiing dam, tap trung nhieu te' bao hong eau, bach eau va cd sU xam nhiem ciia cac te bao heterophile.
- Trong tieu ban vi the, chiing tdi tim tha'y eac giai doan phat trien eiia cau triing trong cae te bao bieu md, cac sehizont, rnerozoit va cac macrogamete.
* Ton thUdng a gan:
Bieu hien rd nha't la cac te bao gan bi thoai hda khdng bao. Dieu nay cd the lien quan de'n qua trinh rd'i loan hap thu eiia rudt.
Nhin ehung benh tich vi the d tren cac doan rudt khac nhau ed ban gid'ng nhau, deu la hau qua eiia ed ehe tae ddng chung eiia eau trung : xam nhap va pha hiiy te bao bieu md. Tuy nhien miie dp nghiem trpng thi khac nhau : Benh tieh d manh trang rd nhat va nhieu nhat. 0 trUe trang, benh tich xua't hien ehie'm ti le tha'p nhUng bie'u hien benh ly thUdng nang.
Benh tich 5 rudt non thi thUdng nhe hdn (bang 3). . . .
Bdng 3 Tdn sudt xud't hiin cdc giai doan phdt trien cua cdu trung trin tiiu bdn vi thi cua mdt sd'cd quan cua gd bi binh.
Co quan
Manh trang Rupt non Tn/c trang
Gan Tuy
So block nghien curu 20
20 20 20 20
So block duong tinh 16
8 3 0 0
Tan suat 0,8 0,4 0,15
0 0
Cac giai doan phat trien ciia cau trung dupe phat hien tha'y tren tieu ban vi the eua rudt nen, manh trang, trUc trang eiia ga benh. Xac suat tim tha'y d manh trang la cao nhat (0,8) so vdi rudt non (0,4) va true trang (0,15). Chiing tdi khdng tim thay cae giai doan phat trien eiia eau triing tren tieu ban vi the cua to' chiic gan, tuy ciia ga mac benh. Dieu nay the hien tinh chuyen biet nghiem ngat eua eau triing : chi ki sinh b nhiing cd quan, nhiing viing nha't dinh.
Benh tich the hien tren cae tieu ban vi the da cho ehiing ta tha'y rd hdn nhiing td'n thUdng benh ly do cau trung gay nen va hieu ro hdn ve cd che gay benh eua eau triing, tir dd, lam ed sd chd cdng tae phdng va tri benh.
TV. KET LUAN
- Benh tich cua benh eau triing ga tap trung b dUdng rudt, tiiy thupc vao loai cau triing gay benh ma benh tich se xua't hien b rudt non, manh trang hay trUe trang.
- Benh tieh vi the cua eae ed quan cua ga bi benh cau triing chu yeu la xua't huye't ci
bieu md rudt, thoai hda va hoai tii te bao cl ldp bieu md rudt.
Tren tieu ban vi the ed the nhan biet dUdc cac giai doan phat trien khac nhau ciia cau triing. •'•' •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Pham 'Van Khue, Phan Luc. Ki sinh trung thu y. NXB Nong Nghiep Ha Noi.
2. Le Thi Tuyet Minh (1997). Nghien ciiu mot so' dac diem dich t l hoc ciia benh cau triing ga tir 1 den 49 ngay tuoi.
Luan an thae si nong nghiep, DHNNI, Ha Noi.
3. Le 'Van Nam, Nguyen Thi Hudng. Thuoc phong tri benh cau triing ga. KHKT thu y, tap III. So 2 - 1996.
4. Le Van Nam (2003). Benh cau triing gia siic, gia cam. NXB Nong Nghiep, Ha Noi.
' 5. Goodrich H. P (1944). Coccidia oocysts.
6: Helmbolt C. F., and Bryant E.S. The pathology of necrotic enteritis in domestic io-w\s. Avian Dis. 1971.
7. Horton Smith C, Beattie J. Resistance to E. tenella and its transference from one caecum to the other in individual fowl.
Immunology. 1961.
