Sl/U TAM - T l / LIEU THAM KHAO
MOT TAI LIEU HAN NOM VIET VE HOANG SA - TRl/OTVG SA
THUOC CHU QUYEN CUA VIET NAM
TRINH K H A C MANH ( • )
H
oang Sa va Trudng Sa la hai quan dao nam d Bidn Ddng thudc lanh thd Viet Nam. Hai quan dao nay ttr rat lau da trd thanh dja diem eua eu dan Viet Nam sinh sdng va khai thae san vat, thanh ddi tugng ghi chep va nghien cun cua cae nha khoa bgc trong va ngoai nudc. Can ctr vao cac tai lieu Han Ndm va nhung ghi chep cua ngudi nudc ngoai, cae nha khoa bgc da chimg minh ehu quyen ctia hai quan dao Hoang Sa va Trudng Sa la cua Viet Nam, day la nhflng can cii vflng chac ve khoa hgc va phap ly.Xin ndu mdt sd cdng trinh nhu:
- Ttr Dang Minh Thu: Cudc tranh ehdp vi ede qudn ddo Hodng Sa vd Truang Sa - Cdc vdn di phdp ly, Trudng Dai hgc Luat, Kinh t l va Khoa hgc xa hdi Paris (ehua rd nam).
- Dinh Phan Cu: Chit quyin qudn ddo Hodng Sa vd Trudng Sa, Hgc vien Qude gia Hanh chinh, Luan van tdt nghiep, Sai Gdn, nam 1972.
- Dge khdo ve Hodng Sa vd Truong Sa (gdm cac bai viet ctia Hoang Xuan
Han, Trjnh Tuan Anh, Lang Hd, Nguyen Nha,... gdm 13 tac gia). Tap san Sir Dia, sd 29/1975.
- Qudn ddo Hodng Sa vd qudn ddo Trudng Sa: Ldnh thd Viet Nam, Bd Ngoai giao Nude edng hda xa hdi ehu nghTa Viet Nam, Nxb. KHXH, H. 1984.
- Hai qudn ddo Hodng Sa vd Truong Sa: Bd phdn lanh thd Viet Nam, Nxb. Quan ddi Nhan dan, H.. 1988.
- Luu Van Lgi: Cudc tranh ehdp Viet - Trung ve hai qudn ddo Hodng Sa vd Tnrdng Sa, Nxb. Cdng an Nhan dan, H. 1995.
- Nguyen Nha: Qud trinh xdc Idp chit quyen eua Viet Nam lgi Qudn ddo Hodng Sa vd Trudng Sa, Luan an Tien sT Lieh sir, bao ve tai Dai hgc Khoa hgc xa hdi va Nhan van, Dai hgc Qude gia Tp. Hd Chi Minh, nam 2002.
- Nguyen Q. Thang: Hodng Sa Truong Sa ldnh thd Viet Nam - Nhin lu edng uoc qude ti, Nxb. Tri thu'c, 2008.
**' PGS.TS. Vien Nghien ciru Han Ndm 79
TAP CHi HAN NOM SO 4 (95) - 2009 TRINH KHAC MANH
- Hodng Sa, Trudng Sa Id etia Viet Nam (gom cae bai viet ctia Nguyen Nha, Nguyen Dinh Diu, Le Minh NghTa, Tu' Dang Minh Thu, Vu Quang Viet), Nxb.
Tre, Tp. Hd Chi Minh, 2008.
Nhung eae edng trinh tren deu khdng neu dan mdt tae pham Han Ndm cd ghi chep ve Hoang Sa, dd la bd Dgi Viet sir ki lue bien ; k . ^ ^ i £ . . ^ t . ^ (cdn ed ten Hdu Le thai su ky luge t i . ^ H ^ ^
.^e,ffl|-). De bd sung tu lieu quan trgng ed gia trj khoa hgc ve ljeh sir, phap ly va thyc te de khang djnh chu quyen ciia Viet Nam ddi vdi hai quan dao Hoang Sa - Trudng Sa, ehiing tdi xin trich gidi thieu doan van ghi chep ve Hoang Sa - Trudng Sa trong Dgi Viet sir ki lue bien {Hdu Le thdi su ky luge).
Dgi Viet sic ki tue bien la bd sir vidt ve lieh sir Viet Nam giai doan 1676 -
1789, va dugc chua Trjnh Sam sai bien soan vao nam 1775, ehinh trong tac pham da ghi rd dieu nay: "Chiia sai lam qude su'. Ttr nam VTnh Tri thii nhat (1676) ve sau chua cd tuc bien. Chua sai Nguyen Hoan, Le Qui Ddn, Vu Mien kiem chire Tdng tai va cac Nho than lam Toan tu nhu: Ngd Thi ST, Pham Nguyen Du, Ninh Tdn, Nguyen Sa deu dy lam qude sir"' *. Dieu nay cung dugc ghi trong muc Vdn lieh ehi bd Lieh trieu hien chuang logi chi- eua Phan Huy Chii va bd Viet sie thdng gidm cuong mue'' ' eua Qude sir quan trieu Nguyen.
Nhung Dgi Viet sie ki lue bien, trong qua trinh km truyen van ban da bi thit lae, ly do: vao nam 1838, vua Minh
Menh ban dao du cim ban hanh bd su' Le su ban ki tuc bien vi da vidt ca nggi cdng lao hg Trjnh, dao dy viet: "Trong cae saeh An Nam lich dgi sic ki {Six ki cae ddi eua An Nam) ed nhidu ehd van nghTa sy tich gian lugc. Den giai doan ttr ddi Ld Trung hung trd ve sau, hg Trinh nim bet ehinh quyen, vua Le ehi ngdi bj vj, cho nen nhiing chuyen chep trong Bdn ki tue bien deu la vide tdn hg Trjnh dim vua Le. Tham ehi, nhfl'ng vide hg Trjnh bdi nghjch vdi vua Le cflng ddu chep sai lae de nggi khen nhau. Tinh trang trai nguge nhu mfl giay dien dao, khdng lue nao td bang liic ay. Do dd ed nhfl'ng ngudi bien soan sir sach thdi bay gid deu la ngudi rieng cua hg Trinh, dieu ma sach chep khdng phai la ldi ndi theo cdng nghj. Den nay tuy nhiing van khae cu [cua sach Le su tuc bien] da bi tan lac; nhung nhting ban sach da in, do sT dan tang trtr, ha lai khdng cdn hay sao? Ndu cdn de sach ay lai, ngudi ng truyen rieng cho ngudi kia xem thi nd se lam ham dam ldng ngudi, khdng the khdng mdt phen thu saeh ay lai ma tieu buy di, de tinh ke tdt nhat eho phong tyc the dao. Vay truyen dy cac quan dau cac dja phuong, thdng siic cho quan lai sT dan trong hat minh cai trj, neu cdn cd nha nao chua chap sach Le su bdn ki tue bien, thi bat cii sach in hay sach viet, deu nop len quan ngay, do quan dau dja phuong de nap tai Bg. Khi sach da den Bd, Bd se tau xin trdn buy di"'"*'. Nhu vay, Le sic bdn ki tuc bien hay Bdn ki tue bien ehinh la Dgi Viet sic ki tuc bien da tung dugc khae in, chi ttr sau nam 1838 trd di mdi bj that lae, hien trong eae kho Han Ndm chiing tdi chua tim thay ban khae in nao.
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MOT TAI LIEU HAN NOM VIET VE HOANG SA - TRUONG SA ..
Theo dieu tra cua Ngd The Long va Nguyen Kim Hung, eung sy doi chieu trong kho sach Han Ndm, Dgi Viet su ki tue bien hien edn 9 ban deu dudi dang vidt tay va ed cac ten ggi khae nhau, nhu Dgi Viet sie ki lue bien, Viet sic luc bien : ^ ^ . ^ . ^ , Le hodng triiu ky S ^ I ^ . ^ C , Hdu Le thai su ky luge hien dang luu giti tai Vien Nghien Cliu Han Ndm va Vien Sir h g e ' ' \
Sau day ehung tdi xin cdng bd doan trich viet ve Hoang Sa vao nam Giap Tuat nidn hieu Canh Hung thii 15 (1754) trong Dgi Viet sic ky tue bien, ban HV.l 19 eua Vidn Sir hgc vdi ten saeh la Hdu Le thdi su ky luge \
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^ 41?'*' - (Xem anh chyp ban gdc d cudi bai viet).
Dich nghia: Tam ngudi thude ddi Hoang Sa xa An VTnh huyen Binh Son
phu Quang Ngai di thuyen nhd vao bai Hoang Sa giua hai dao tim lay hda vat, bj gid dat vao cira sdng Thanh Lan huyen Van Xuong phu Ld Chau (nudc Thanh). Quan dia phuong dd xet hdi dung sy thyc rdi dua tra ve nguyen quan. The Tdng Hieu Vfl Hoang de ta'^^
sai Cai ba Thuan Hda la Thiie Lugng hau""* viet thu dap lai nude Thanh.
Ngoai bien xa An VTnh ed nhieu dao Idn gdm ban 130 dao, each nhau hoac mdt ngay di thuyen, hoac vai eanh gid. Tren dao ed ehd cd sudi nudc nggt. Trong dao ed bai eat vang"" (Hoang Sa) dai ude hon 30 dam, bai phang nude trong. Dao cd vd sd td yen, d bai eat lai ed dc van, tyc ggi la de tai voi, de xa ctr, dc huong va hai trimg, hai sam, ddi mdi. v.v... Dat ddi Hoang Sa gdm 70 suat, lay ngudi xa An VTnh sung vao ddi ay, eat lugt nhau di thuyin den dao md tim san vat. Mdi nam cir thang 3 ra di, mang luong an 6 thang, di thuyin ra bien 3 ngay 3 dem mdi den dao. C) diy tha hd tim nhat, duge san vat gi, bao nhieu, din ki thang 8 thuyen ve cira Eo"^', dem din Phu Xuan nop. Trong khoang ay cflng cd ngudi md duge tien bac, chi, thilc, ndi ddng, sung, khi gidi, nga voi, bat bang da, v.v.."" *
Nhu vay tu lieu Han Ndm viet ve Hoang Sa - Trudng Sa khang djnh ehu quyln lanh thd thude Viet Nam can dugc bd sung tae pham Dgi Viet sir ki lue bien {Hdu Le thai ki lugc) mdt bd tin sir Viet Nam (giai doan 1676-1789) vilt ndi tidp Dgi Viet Sir ki todn thu ghi chep lich su: Viet Nam tu' hg Hdng Bang den nam 1675 ddi vua Le Gia Tdng.
T.K.M
gl
TAP CHi HAN NOM SO 4 (95) - 2009 TRINH KHAC MANH
Chii thich:
(1) Dgi Viet su ki tuc bien, Ngd The Long - Nguyen Kim Hung djch va khao chirng, Nguyen Ddng Chi hieu dinh, Nxb.
KHXH, H. 1991,tr.397.
(2) Phan Huy Chu: Lich triiu hien chuang logi chi, ban djeh, tap III, Nxb. KHXH, H.
1992,tr.72-73.
(3) Viet sir thdng gidm cuang muc, ban djch, tapXIX, Nxb. Sir hgc, H. 1960, tr.46.
(4) Tran Van Giap: Tdc phdm dugc tdng gidi thudng Ho Chi Minh, Nxb. KHXH, H.
2003, tr.l48.
(5) Ve van ban Dgi Viet sir ki tuc bien, chi tiet xin xem Ldi gidi thieu do Nguyen Kim Hung viet, in trong Dgi Viet sir ki tuc bien, Ngd The Long - Nguyen Kim Hung djch va khao chirng, Nguyen Ddng Chi hieu dinh, Nxb. KHXH, H. 1991, tr.5-14.
(6) Xin chan thanh cam cm TS. Nguyin HCru Tam, Giam ddc Thu vien Vien Sir hgc da tao dieu kien va giiip da chiing tdi.
(7) Chir chua khdi phuc duge.
(8)|lt-at^.fe«S-, Vien Sir hgc, HV.l 19, Phin: Hiin Tdng VTnh Hoang dl (Q.3), Muc:
Giap Tuit Canh Hung thir 15 (1754), td 3a.
(9) Chi chua Nguyen Phuc Khoat. Sach do cac hgc gia thdi Nguyin sao chep lai.
nen viet nha Le la Hau Le va ghi ten hieu chiia Nguyen Phiic Khoat dugc cae Hoang de nha Nguyen truy phong. Van de van ban tac pham chiing tdi se nghien ciru va gidi thieu vao djp khae.
(10) Thuc Lugng hau: tude eiia Tran Dinh Hy.
(11) Trong Thien Nam tir chi Id dd ^^
Eg5.J^H hay Thien hg bdn dd ^ T ^ H cd ghi chir Bai Cat Vang.
(12) Cira Eo: tire Cira Thuan (Thuan An hai khau). Ten nay dugc ddi ttr nam Gia Long thir 13(1814).
(13) Ban djch: Dgi Viet sir ki tuc bien, Ngd The Long - Nguyin Kim Hung djch va khao ehung, Nguyin Dong Chi hieu dinh, Nxb. KHXH, H. 1991, tr.243-244. Chung tdi cd stra chua ddi ehd.
Tir lieu tham khao
- Monique Chemillier - Gendreau: Chu quyen tren hai qudn ddo Hodng Sa vd Truang Sa, ban djeh, Nxb. Chinh trj Qude gia, H. 1998.
- http://www.google.com.vn / Hoang Sa Trudng Sa. Trung tam du' lieu Hoang Sa. Tu saeh Hoang Sa Trudng Sa../.
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