TAP CHI KHOA HQC BAI HQC VAN LANG Nguyen Thanh Hirong
M Q T SO PHUONG PHAP GIANG DAY THy'C HANH M A Y TINH
SOME TRAINING METHODS IN CCOMPUTER PRA CTICE
NGUY&N THANH HUONG<'>
TOM TA T: Thai dgi cdng nghi sd, sic dung mdy tinh vd cdc cdng cu phdn mem ieng dung cho chuyin ngdnh la diiu cdn thiit. Di ddo tgo dai trd, so luang ldn vd mong mudn chdt luang tdt, cdn cd nhicng gidi phdp vd quy trinh mdi cd thi dgt duac chudn muc theo myc tieu di ra.
Tu- khoa: ky ndng ddo tgo, thuc hdnh.
ABSTRACT: In this digital age, it is necessary lo utilize the computer and its application software. For a large-scale training with big quantity and high quality outcome expectation, it is necessary to propose appropriate solutions and procedures in order to attain such standards.
Key words: skill training, practical.
l . D A T V A N D E
Mdi giang viSn ddng ldp cdn co hai mang kien thdc: kien thdc chuyen mon vd kien thuc vl vai tro kit noi. Ngodi hai mang kien thuc, mli gidng viSn con cdn co ba ky nang co bdn: ky ndng dao tgo, ky nang cai tien va ky nang lanh dao.
Kien thicc chuyin mdn: Id nhdng gi thupc ve nen tang mdn hpc, thuc hien cac thao tac ung dung dat mdc ky xdo, hieu dugc phuong phdp de hodn thanh cdng viec theo yeu cau chat lugng.
Kiin thuc vi vai trd ket ndi: la nhiing gi ngudi gidng vien can phdi ldm nhu theo ddi, danh gia, lap kS hoach, tao khong khi hgc tap. Cdc quy trinh tuong tdc vdi nhau de tao dugc su ket noi vd dat dugc muc tieu hpc tap.
Ky ndng ddo tgo: giang vien hudng ddn cho ngudi hpc lam dugc cdi chua lam
dugc, lam dugc tot cdi Idm chua tdt, va k j ndng nay se gidp khi da biet lam thi lam dung, kh6ng c6 chi tiet thua vd duy tri dugc each Idm dung.
Ky ndng cdi tiin: gidng vien luon la ngudi nhin thay nhiing chi tiet thda, nhung dpng tdc khong hieu qud trong qud trinh hgc tap, gay lang phi thdi gian vd c6ng sue.
Cai tien chuong trinh hpc, cai tiln tdi lieu, cdi tiSn quy trinh nghien cuu deu nhdm myc tieu cai tien dugc chdt lugng hgc tap.
Ky ndng lanh dgo: giang vien luon co djnh hudng va lam cho ngudi hpc cam thdy phan khdi khi tham gia ldp hgc nhd nhdng ghi nhdn, nhung danh gia, nhdng ton trpng.
Cung lam, cdng chia se la phuong cham tot tao dugc mdt tap the nang ddng vd cd y chi.
Doi vdi giang vien, cac mdng kien thuc vd ky nang tren deu Id cac yeu td can va du.
RiSng ky nang ddo tao dugc xem la mdng '* Ths. Trirong B^i Hgc Van Lang; Email. [email protected]
TAP CH! KHOA HOC DAI HOC V A N LANG So 05/2017 chinh ySu nhdt vd neu thdnh cdng thi gidng
vien giai quyet dugc phdn ldn cac vdn dS thudng gap.
2. NQI DUNG 2.1. Khoi dpng
Giang vien nen cd mat sdm hon gid bat dau Idp hgc khoang 10-15 phut. Kiem tra phong hgc, ngudn dien, he thdng quat, den chieu sdng, micro. Bd tri hgc vien ngoi vdo bdn, khdi dgng mdy tinh, tao khdng khi thoai mai. Lam quen vdi sinh vien. Gidng vi8n gidi thieu thdng tin ve khoa hpc, ve lich trinh giang day, ve muc tieu, muc dich mon hpc, v§ nhirng ky vpng sau khda hpc.
Tai Trudng Dgi hgc Vdn Lang, cong cu ho trg tuong tdc gida ngudi dgy vd ngudi hgc la.website.https://hoctructuyen.vanlanguni.
edu.vn.
Sinh vien dang ky vao khda hpc vd sS phdn chia theo nhom ldp de tien trao doi thong tin trong Idp. Viec luu vet thdng tin tren trang web hgc tap se gidp ngudi quan ly biet dugc nhung thdnh vien ndo tich cue dpc, xem tai lieu vd tu hpc de cdng cd kien thuc.
2.2. Phuong phap
Thdng thudng cd hai phuong phap co bdn trong ddo tao ky nang thuc hdnh may tinh, do la "chi ndi" vd "chi lam".
Phuang phdp "chi ndi"
Vi dy: gidng vien hudng ddn cdch tao chd Idn (Drop Cap) d dau cot bdo trong vdn bdn soan thdo.
Gidng vien ndi chdm rai, ddy du va chi tilt phuong phap, "chi ndi": "Sau khi van bdn dd chia cot, niu mudn chit ndo ndm a ddu CQt bin phdi thi ban phdi ngdt cdt. Td hap phim dung di ngdt cdt la Ctrl + Shift + Enter. Bgn cd thi bdm vdo biiu tuang
breaks column se dugc kit qud tuang tu.
Enter deu cdc ddu cdt de tgo dugc ddng chdn. Thiet lap drop cap Id chic ldn a ddu cot. Vd nhu vdy thao tdc da dugc hodn thdnh ".
Gidng vien hoi: "Co bgn ndo ldm thu khdng?". Cung cd ngudi xung phong nhung thudng thi cd Idp im lang. Gidng vien CO thu ndi them mpt lan nua, khong co ai hoac cd ngudi lam thu nhung chua dugc.
Ddy Id mdt phuong phdp dao tao nhung do lugng thdng tin nhieu, dai va kho nhd, trong mdng gidi thieu co nhieu thao tac lien ke nen khd ndm bdt vd khd lam theo. Phuong phdp "chi noi" cd ich trong mpt so trudng hgp nhung vdi hudng ddn ky ndng thuc hanh thi khong phdi Id phuong phap tot.
Phucmg phdp "chi ldm"
Giang vien thao tdc cdc budc tren may tinh vd trinh chieu vdi sinh vien qua he thing ket ndi cua phong mdy. Sinh vien se thuc hien lai. 30% ngudi hpc thao tac dugc binh thudng do ldp ghep dugc phan ly thuyet vd phdn thuc hdnh d tren. So con lai lung tung khi lam va Idm khong dugc.
Thdng thudng, sinh vien bd qua cdc diem chu y, khdng nhd het cac thao tdc mac du da dugc trinh bdy rdt can ke d phdn "chi ndi", khdng ldm.
Phuong phdp "chi ldm" khong noi dugc sd dung phd bien hon. M6t so giang vien hudng din thuc hanh ldm giup sinh vien. Mac du phuong phdp nay tot hon "chi noi" nhung van cd mat ban che. Mdt sd sinh vien nhanh nhay, khd nang nam bat tdt nen lam dugc ngay, nhung ngay luc dd thi Idm dugc, sau dd lai quen khdng lam dugc.
Tinh trang ndy ddn din viec tudng da hpc
TAP CHI KHOA HOC DAI HQC VAN LANG Nguyin Thanh Hirong xong, ldm dugc nhung thuc te chi Id bdt
chude vd nhd tam thdi. Hdm nay lam dugc, ngdy mai ldm lai khong dugc. Chat lugng khdng dn djnh, vd thirc te dnh hudng den hieu qua hpc tap, ldm viec.
Cd hai phuong phdp truyen thdng deu CO kit qud han chi, do do trong ky nang ddo tao, gidng vien phdi ket hgp dong thdi cd hai phuong phdp. Giang vien hoi cd ldp ve mpt so bai bao djnh dgng theo cot. Cac bdi bdo gidy, bdi bao nghien cdu khoa hpc, tap chi chuy6n ngdnh,... de sinh vien cd the hinh dung dugc yeu cdu phdi thuc hien.
Ky nang chia cot khdng khd, nhung neu CO hinh minh hga trong van bdn cot thi chu Idn d ddu cdt se hi dich chuyen. Vay, mdu chit phdi gidi quylt Id chd nao?
Giang vien mdi mgt bgn len thao tdc.
Giang vien hdi: Em da ldm thie viec chia cdt bdo chua? Sinh vien dap: "Dg, thua Thdy/Cd chua g!" Giang vien ndi: "Vay thi chiing ta ciing thu".
Budc 1: Quet khdi vung dd lieu cdn chia cot. Khong quet ddng trang sau phdn du lieu.
Budc 2: Vdo the Page Layout, chgn bieu tugng Columns. Chgn kieu cot can chia.
Budc 3: Chpn chd nam d dau cdt, cho con tro chupt vdo trudc chd dd vd bdm td hgp phim Ctri+Shift+Enter.
Budc 4: Enter deu cdc ddu cot.
Budc 5: Tao Drop Cap d cdc dau cdt.
Trong khi hudng ddn, gidng vien luu y cdc thao tdc hien thj tren man hinh, ddng thdi nhin vao sinh vien d l dam bdo xem sinh vien co chdm chu theo doi khdng. De nghj cd Idp cung lam theo thao tac mdu tren bdng. Neu cd sinh vien chua chu tam hoac
chua bat kjp, gidng vien cdn ndi Igi, va mdi mpt bgn khdc len thao tac Igi.
Sau khi ldm xong, giang vien hoi lai ngay sinh vien v l quy trinh cd mdy budc.
Lan nay gidng vien thao tdc Igi theo phdn nhdc cda sinh vien. Nhiem vy cua gidng vien Id Idm cho sinh vien nhd cdc budc, thupc dugc cdc budc thao tdc. Ngudi hpc mudn hpc dugc cac ky nang, phdi thuc hanh cdng nhi6u cdng t6t, cd thuc hdnh thi viec nhd dugc cac budc quy trinh se nhanh hon. Sinh vien se tu lam cac bai tap thuc hdnh theo mdu, co the tu sdng tgo cdc thiet ke cho bai bao cd nhdn. Nhiing san pham tit CO the dugc chia se tren cac goc hpc tap hoac mang tnrc tuyen.
2.3. M$t s l v^n d€ c4n lu-u y
Tren thuc te, sinh vien khdng phan biet dugc dau Id yeu cdu chdt lugng, yeu cdu ky thuat, dau la diem chinh yeu can lun y. Ban ddu, sinh vien chi hgc thao tdc may moc theo cdc hudng ddn ky thudt. Nhiem vu chinh cua gidng vien la phdi dan dat ngudi hpc hieu dugc cdc tu khda vd xac djnh dugc diim luu y mdu chdt.
Khi sinh vien cdn Id md ve muc tieu hgc tap thi hg se kho nam bdt vd hieu dugc td khda, bdi hg chua cam thdy can nd luc tim hieu. Neu mpt nhom sdn xudt thiet hi dugc hudng dan nghiep vu ky thudt thi muc tieu ro net hem rdt nhilu. Viec ndng cao toe do sdn xudt vd chdt lugng se dugc tinh vao thu nhap, vd rd rang hieu qua Idm viec tot thi thu nhap cao. Ddy la ket qud dl nhan thdy. Xdc dinh muc tieu hgc tap, djnh hudng yeu cdu vd ky vpng Id nhung yiu t l kha quan trpng. Trong djnh hudng, giang vien cdn chu trpng yeu cdu cy thi nhu thao tdc nhanh, gpn, hi?u qud. Nhung gi cdn
TAP CHI KHOA HQC BAI HOC VAN LANG biet, cdn phdi Idm de dgt dugc cdc y6u cdu tren dugc ggi la bi quyet. Ngudi hgc khong biet, khdng Idm, khong dgt dugc nhung yeu cau tren Id do thieu nhdng diem ddng luu y.
Vi vgy, khi cd nhung thao tdc ky thudt thuc hien, sinh vien nen ghi chep lai, cd th8 theo hudng ddn cua giang vien, cd the ghi chep theo cdch thdc ghi nhd de nhat cho ban thdn.
Trong qud trinh luyen tap, sinh vien cdn luon cd y thuc lam sao de viec nay hodn thdnh nhanh nhdt. Chi khi ldm nhanh, lam dung thi ngudi ta mdi nhd dugc den nhung cai dac biet cdn luu y, va thieu nd thi khong the thao tdc nhanh chdng, chinh xdc dugc. Giang vien nen ludn luon nhac nhd ngudi hpc viec nay de hg luu tam.
Ben canh do, gidng vien cung nen dat cdu hoi de nhac ngudi hpc cac quy trinh thao tdc, de ngudi hgc tap trung vdo viec thuc hien xu ly dung ky thudt. Tgp trung quan sdt se di kem vdi hpc tap hieu qud vd chu dpng dgt cdu hdi se di kem vdi viec hieu sau van de .
Cdc bai tap cdn dugc dn luyen thuc hdnh, tu nhiing muc do don gidn den phdc
tgp, td cdc bdi don den bai tdng hgp. Viec kiem tra cac ky ndng cdn dugc dn djnh de ngudi hpc khdng bo qua nhdng budc co ban, nhdng diem can luu y va thao tac thdnh thyc.
Thdng qua gid/tiet thuc hdnh, gidng vien cung dugc ddnh gid chdt lugng giang day bdng cdc bai tap mdu, kha nang noi va trinh bay thao tac, su kien nhdn va phucmg phdp to chdc Idp.
Dao tao la mpt ky nang, va muon ky nang trd thanh ky xdo thi ngudi dung Idp ciing phdi hpc each thuc hdnh thudn thuc de tao dugc nhdng ban mdu tdi uu.
3. KET LUAN
Ket ndi ly thuyet vd thuc hdnh Id mdt tieu chi hang ddu trong cdc chuong trinh ddo tao. Vdi cdc djnh hudng muc ti^u dung, phuong phap tich cue vd chudn muc se dem lai su phan khdi cho ngudi hpc vd dgng luc truyen tai kinh nghiem kien thdc ciia gidng vien. Dao tao thuc hdnh cung Id mpt ky ndng, vd muon ky nang trd thanh ky xdo thi ngudi ddng ldp cung phai hpc cdch thyc hanh thudn thyc de tao dugc nhung bdn mdu tdi uu.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. United States, War Manpower Commission, Bureau of Training (1944), Job Instruction: Sessions Outline and Reference Material .... Publisher - Training Within Industry Service, Bureau of Training, War Manpower Commission.
2. Trudng Dai hpc Su pham Ky thudt Hung Yen (2005), Gido trinh ky ndng dgy hgc.
Ngaynhan bai: 03/3/2017. NgaybiSn tap xong: 8/8/2017. Duyet dang: 20/8/2017
