NGHI£N ciru - TRAO odi
MQT s d GiAi PHAP NANG CAO Hl^U QDA DAU Ttf TR^C TIEP RA NtflJfC NGOAI CAA Vl^T NAM
ThS HOANG THI BlCH LOAN'
1. Tinh hinh thye hien hoat ddng diu tu ra nude ngoii eua Vifit Nam trung giai doan 1989-2010.
a. Ddu tu ra nudc ngodi theo sd luang du dn diu tu vd tdng vd'n ddu tU.
Tuih de'n het nam 2010, Viet Nam cd 932 du in diu tu ra nude ngoii (DTRNN) vdi tfing vdn diu tu ding ki 13,24 ti USD, vdn thuc hifin dat khoing ttfin 3,1 ti USD, chifi'm 24% tfing vfin DTRNN. Quy mfi vfin diu tu bliih quin dat 14,2 trifiu USD/dy in. Qua tihig giai doan, quy mfi vfin (liu nr da ting din, difiu niy cho thiy tie ddng tich eye cia hfi thd'ng khudn khfi phip i^ ddi vdi boat ddng DTRNN cia eie doaiih nghiep (DN) Viet Nam eung nhu sy trudng thinh vi mpi mit eua eie DN tham gia vao boat ddng DTRNN.
Trong giai doan 1989-1998, ttudc khi ban hinh Nghi dmh sfi 22/1999/ND-CP ngiy 14-4-1999 vfi DTRNN cia DN Vifit Nam, efi 18 dy in DTRNN vdi tfing v(Ai ding ki trfin 13,6 trifiu USD; quy md vfin diu tu binh quin dat 6,76 ttidu USD/du in.
Trong thdi ki 1999-2005, saii khi ban liinh Nghi dinh sfi 22/1999/ND-CP, cd 131 du in DTRNN vdi tfing vfin ding kl dat 731,4 trieu USD, gip 7 lin vi sfi dy in vi gip 53 liii vi tfing vfin diu tu ding ki so vdi thdi kl 1989-1998; quy md vfti diu tu bhih quin dat 5,58 ttidu USD/du in, cao hon giai doan 1989-1998. Nim 2006-2007, ed 116 du in DTRNN vdi tfing vfin ding kl dat tren 1,26 ti USD - tuy ehi bing 88% vfi sfi du in nhung ting 72,4% vi tfing vdn diu tu ding ki so vdi giai doan 1999-2005;
quy mfi vfin diu tu binli quiii dat 10,8 trieu USD/du in, eao hon thdi kl '1999-2005.
Nim 2008-2010, sfi du in ting mdt cich ding kfi. Rifing nim 2(X)9, mie di (;hiu m inh hudng cia cude khing hoing tii cUnh loin ciu khifin kfi hoach DTRNN nim 2009 difiu chinh giim so vdi nim 2008 (dk 2,8 ti USD xufing 2,4 ti USD), nhung thuc tfi di ching minh ngupc lai, khi cic DN Vifit Nam tin dung eo hfii niy dfi xim nhip thi ttudng vi md rfing quy mfi. Nim 2009, DTRNN cia Vifit Nam dat 7,2 ti USD vii 457 du in, tai hem 50 qufic gia vi ving lanh thfi, bing 143% kfi hoach vi bing 214% c4 qui tttah DTRNN ttt nim 1989-2008.
b. DTRNN phdn theo ngdnh.
Vi CO ciu nginh nfii ehung, linh vuc edng nghifip vi khai khoing (die bifit li khio sit, thim dd, khai thic diu khO ciS sfi vfin DTRNN Idn nhit, vdi 137 du in, tfing vfin diu m dat 5,85 ti USD, chifim 15% sfi dy in vi 46% t(5ng vfin DTRNN. Tifip dd li liiih vyc ndng, lim nghidp vi thuy san, die biet li ttdng ciy cdng ngiiifip, cd 58 du in diu hr, tfing vfin diu tu dinig kf dat 1,16 ti USD, chifim 10% sfi du in vi 13% Uing vfin DTRNN. Linh vyc nghfi thuit giii tri chifim gin 13% sfi dy in vi tfing vdn diu tu chifim 12,9%. Ngoii ra, edn nhifiu Iinh vyc khie nhu sin xuit, phin phfii difio, edng nghifip chfi bifin, ehfi tao, thdng tin vi truyfin thdng, tii chiih, ngin hing, bio hifiin... Trong cic dy in di trifin khai thuc hifin, Gnh vyc khio sit, thim dd, khai thic vi clifi bifin khoing sin (bao gfim diu khi) eflng chifim ti ttpng Idn nhit, chifim gin 57% vfin thuc hifin vi dat khoing 27ift tfing vfin ding ki ttong iliih vyc niy. Rfi dfin li Iinh vuc ndng, lim nghifip vi t'
• Hpc vidn Hdnh chfnh.
52 TAP CHi QUAN if NHA NUdC - s6 185 (6-2011)
N G H I E N Ciaj - TRAO DOI
sin, vfin thye hien dat 196,9 ttieu USD;
linh vyc tii ehlnh, ngiii hing, bio iiifim dat 149,5 ttieu USD; cdng nghidp cbfibifin vi chfi tao dat 102,7 ttieu USD.'
c. DTRNN phdn iheo ddi tdc.
Cic DN Viet Nam di diu tu ra 53 qufic gia vi ving lanh thfi. Mic di ed mit d tit c i cie chiu luc ttdn thfi gidi, nhung hiu hfi't eic DN tip ttung d cic Uii trudng quen tbulje nhu Lio, Cam-pu- chia... vfin li nliflng tiii tiatdng truyfin thdng. Ngoii ra, eic qu(je gia dupc DN Viet Nam quan tim nhifiu li Lieii bang Nga, Ma-Iai-xi-a, An-gie-ri, Hoa Ki, Hin Qufic, Xiih-ga-po, CXi-ba vi mdt sfi nudc Bic Phi...
Tmh dfin hfit nim 2010, cic du in DTRNN da giii ngan khoing 3,1 ti IJSD, chifim 24% tfing vfin DTRNN. Trong sfi eie dy in da trifin khai thye Men, iinh vyc cfing nghiep chifim ti ttpng Idn nliit, biiig 67% tfiiig vfin fliye hien, vdi mdt sfi dy in dang trifiii khai vi di vao boat dfing da bat diu mang iai kfit qui khi quan eho cic DN nhu Du in tham dd diu khi id 433A vi 416B tai An-gie-ri; id SK305 d Ma-lai-xi-a cia Tip doin Diu khl Viet Nam. Dy in diu tu sang Xinh-ga-po cia C!dng ty Djch vu ki thuit diu khi da gdp vdn Siuc hidn 22,7 ttieuUSD. Dy an thiy difin Xekaman 3 tai Lio dang xiy dyng eie hang mue cdng trinh theo tifin dd vdi vfin thuc hifin khoing 100 trieu USD. Mfit sd dy in ttong linh vyc dieh vu cung da trifin khai thuc hien ntiu: Cdng ty trich nhidm hiu ban ci phfi Trung Nguyen diu tu sang Xinh-ga- po; C^dng ty cd phin phin mfim FPT diu tu sang Nhit Bin; C^ng ty vifin thdng Quin ddi (Viettel) diu tu sang (Tam-pu-eliia...
2. Danh gii hoat dong diu tu ra nude ngoai cua Viet Nam trong thdi gian qua.
a. Thdnh cdng.
- Hoat ddng DTRNN eua Vifit Nam khi da dang, tnrdc hfit, thfi Men d su da dang vfi thi t n ^ g (6 ci 5 chiu luc) vdi cic nudc cdiig ngMfip phat ttifin vi ei eie nudc dang phit trifin. Difiu niy cung hoin toin phi hpp vdi quan difim vi phit trifin kinh tfiafii ngoai cia Ding vi Nhi nudc ta. C3iing ta
sin sing hpp tic kmh tfi vdi tit ei cic nudc cfi chfidd ehinh tri khic nhau, ttinh dd phit ttifin kuih lfi khic nhau. Su da dang cdn dupc bifiu hien vfi nginh diu tu, quy md diu tu vi hhih thic diu tu (100% vdn lien doanh; hpp ddng hpp tic kmh doanh; hpp dfing phin chia sin phim; chuyfin nhuoiig quyfin Uiuong hifiu...). Hoat dfing DTRlvIN khfing chi do DN nhi nudc tifin hinh mi cdn dupc thye hifin bdi DN thudc eie thinh phin kinh te'khic nhu DN tu nliin, DN lifin doanh vdi nufic ngoii, cic ei nliin. (Die DN via vi nhd eflng da nim bat dupc co hdi dfi tifin hinh boat ddng diu tu niy.
- Mdt sfi dy in diu tu thinh cfing 6 nudc ngoii (diu kM', buu ehinh vifin thfing) khfing nhing mang vfi doanh thu ngoai te cho dit nudc mi cdn ning cao vj thfi hinh inh cia Viet Nam tten ttudng qudc tfi.
Theo bio cio cia Bd Kfi hoaeh vi Diu tu, phin l(hi cic dy in dupc eip phep ttong giai doan 2006 - 2010 dang ttong qui trinh thye Mfin; ttong dd, hon 300 du in da ed bio cio doanh thu luy kfi, dat 981 trieu USD, loi nhuan chuyfin vi liude dat 39 trieu USD.
- Hinh dianh mdt ddi ngfl doanh nhan cd nang lye dim phin trong diu thiu qudc tfi (nginh diu kM, xiy dung) trong lidn doanh voi nudc ngoii dfi id chic thye Men diu tu d nudc ngoii.
Nhin ehung, boat ddng DTRNN da md ra mdt "mit trin" kinh tfi thi hai dfi khai ttiac iii trudng vi Ipi thfi canh ttanh eia eic nudc khic nhim bfi sung, hd ttp su phat trifin kinh tfi trong nudc vi nang cao vj thfi kinh tfi cia Viet Nam ttong khu vyc vi tten thfi gidi.
b. Han ehe.
- \i thi chi ehinh sich: he thd'ng thfi ehfi chlnh sich cia Viet Nam edn chua hoin chinh, tic ddng dfin sy phit trifin boat ddng DTRIW cliua manh, thim cM' edn giy ttd ngai cho hoat (ldng diu tu. Trdn fliuc tfi, hoat d(5ng DTRNN dupe tifin hinh t i nim 1989 iihung phii 10 nim sau m(Si ed cic vin bin phip 1^ quy djnh vi boat ddng niy; trong kM vin ban ptiip if difiu ehinh boat dfing diu tu nude ngoii tai Viet
TAP CHl QUAN L* NHA wide - S(5 185 (6-2011) 53
NGHIEN Ciru - TRAO D 6 |
Nam duoc ban hinh l i nim 1987. Hon nia, hoat d(>ng DTRNN cua DN Vi?t Nam Men cdii liiig ting, gap nhifiu khfi khin khi trifin khai thye hifin, nhu eic quy djnh tiiifiu cu Uifi, chua ddng bd, nhit quin, mdt sfi difiu khoin dfin nay khdng cdn phi hpp;
Uiu tue hinh chlnh rudm ri, mdt sfi quy djnh cia co quan quin \f can tMfip qui siu vio qui trbih boat dfing sin xuii, kinh doanh cua DN. Quy trinh ding ki vi thSm djnh ci'p Giiy ching nhin DTRNN edn phic tap, Uiu luc difiu ehinh Giiy ching nhin diu tuchua ro ring. Thifiu eie chfi tii cu thfi vi CO chfi bio cio, eung cip thdng till vfi trifin khai dy in diu lu d nuik ngoii vi chua ed co clifi kifim soit hoat ddng DTRNN. Ngoii ra, vin bin phip 1^ vfi DTIINN mdi dimg lai d ci'p nghj djnh cia Chlnh phu nfin Mfiu lye phip 1? chua cao.
- Viee quin 1^ boat ddng DTRNN edn nMfiu bit cip, quin if khiu trifin khai vi kfit thuc dy in DTRNN edn ldng ldo, nhu chua xic dinh rd ca quan nhi nufic quin \f khiu ttifin khai cic dy in DTRNN (li Bd Ke' hoach vi Diu tu liay co quan quin if nganh hoac dia phuang (cip tinh, thinh phfi). Mat khic, cdng tic quin If cic du in DTRNN edn'Vap nMfiu khd khin do vific thuc Men ehe dfi bio cio cia eie du in D'TRNN chua diy di, trong kM chfi tii chua quy djnh ro vin dfi niy. Ben canh dd, vide thifiu thdng tin vi chiih sich diu tu cia mdt sfi dja bin da gay khd khan eho cdng tic xic tifin diu tu cua cic DN.
- Vi sy phfii hpp eia eo quan ngoai giao cia Viet Nam d nufic ngoii v6i eie nhi diu tu: dai dien eia CJiinh phi Vifit Nam d nufic ngoii (dai s i quin, lanh sy quin, dai dien thuong mai) Men cliua tham gia quin If nhi nudc vi hd trp cie dy in DTRNN.
Cic CO quan dai didn eia Viet Nam d nhifiu nudc khdng nim ro sfi lucmg du in, chi diu tu, khd khin, thuin Ipi eua nhi diu tu nfin khdng cd phuang in hfi ttp, ttong kM dd, cic nhi diu tu cflng khdng gip gd, bio cio boat ddng diu tu... vfii co quan dai difin Viet Nim d nudc ngoii.
- Nang lye canh ttanh cua DN Viet Nam cdn yfiu nfin khd khin trong canh ttanh vfii cie nhi diu tu dfin t i cic nudie khic ttong
giinh thiu, thye Mfin lifin doanh, lifin kfit vdi cic ddi tie d nuiSe tifip nhin vfin diu tu.
3. Mdt sd giai p h i p nhim ning cao vai trd vi hifiu qua boat ddng diu tu ra nude ngoii.
Thi nhdt, cin xiy dung co chfi, chinh sich khuyfin khich DTT^NN. Trufie hfit, CJiinh phu cin xiy dyng cMfin luijc phit ttifin DTRNN; cd cMnh sich h5 tto^ hoin tMen hf thfing quin if ii kjp thdi nim bit tinh hhih, giip DN nim bit cic flidi co vi thio gd nhttng khd khin vudng mic Ul hoal ddng b nudc ngoii. Theo dd, Chi£i luac D'TRNN cin dfi cip dfin cic vin dfi: . - Muc tifiu vi djnh hudng phit ttifin DTRNN eia Vifit Nain Uieo kfi hoach ttong ting giai doan cu thfi dfii vdi cic nginh, linh vyc khuyfin kMeh DTRNN. Xiy dung thj trudng diu tu ttpng difim cho cic dy in.
- Mifin giim cic loai thufi, kfi ci thufi chuyfin lai nhuin vi nuiie ttong nhing nim diu kM dy in (ii vio boat ddng.
- Tang eudng ki kfit eie Mdp djnh ttinh diiii thufi hai lin vdi cic nufic, dfi dam bio cie nhi DTRNN khdng bj ndp thufi tring.
- Xiy dyng co ehfi tdn viih: Uiudng, ting nhing danh Mdu dfii vdi nhi diu tu thiiih dat d nude ngoii, ed ddng gfip cho nfin kinh tfi nudc nhi.
Ben canh viee xiy dung C3iifin luoc phit ttifin D'TRNN till ein hoin tMfin co chfi chinh sich nhim khuyfin kM'ch, thuc diy boat ddng diu tu cd Mfiu qui hon, nhu hi ttp vfi ngufin vfin diu tu dfii vdi mdt s6 du iii thye Men mue tifiu quan trpng cfi tic dfing ti'ch eye tfii phit trifin kinh tfi ciia nudc ta ttong giai doan Men nay nhu sin xuit dien dfinhip khiu vfi Viet Nam, cic dy in khai thic khoing sin thay thfi nhip kliiu phue vu sin xuit ttong nufic. Trong nhing tiiidng hpp ein iMfit, Cailnh phi ci thfi ding ra bio lanh dfii viSii cie khcian vfiii vay cua eie DN tai ngin hing thuong mai dfi giip DN cd lupng vfin diu tu hpp \f hoic cd thfi cing gfi^ vfin vfii DN dfi thuc Me'n dy in, cMa sfi rui ro v(^ DN. Xic djnh d(fi tupng dupe hfi ttp vay vfin, dfi ii nhttng du in cfi tim inh hudng Idn dfii vdi nudc
54 TAP CH! QUAN li NHA NUdc - sd ISS (6-2011)
NGHIEN ciru - TRAO D 6 | tifip nhin vfin, nhffng dy in cfi tinh khi Uii
cao hay nhttng du in khai thic ngufin nguyfin lieu nhu da neu tten.
Thi hai, diy manh cfing tic xie tifin diu tu vi cung cip thfing tin. Nhi nudc nen phin bfi mfit phin kinh (iM xic tifin diu tu nhim thic diy diu tu eia Viet Nam sang mpt sfi' dja bin ttpng difim (Lio, Lien bang Nga, Hoa Kl, C!ain-pu-ehia) bing cic hinh thic tfi ehie xic tifin diu tu Uilch hpp, td chic bien djch tii lidu vfi luit phip, chiinh sich, mfii trudng vi co hfii diu tu tai mdt sfi dja bin trpng difim dfi cung cip clio eie DN, CP quan quin 1^ thdng qua eic in phiin cung nhu qua ttang tin difin ti.
Trong thdi gian tdi. cin khin truong thye Men co chfi phfii hpp gitta cic bfi, nganh, dja phuong ttong xay dyng cic ciiuong trinh xuc tifi'n DTRNN phi hpp vdi die thi eua tihig dja bin eu thfi. Ciii dua nfii dung xic tifin E)TRNN thinh mdt ndi dung cia Cliuimg trinh xic tifin diu tu qudc gia.
Thi ba, ting cudng boat ddng ngoai giao hd ttp hoat ddng DTRNN. CMnh phi cin sdm trifin khai va thye Men thfing nhit cic ndi dung cia cie Mdp djiih, tbda thuan song phuang, da phuong giiia Viet Nam vdi cac nudc; ttong dd, cd Hiep djnh khuyfin kM'ch vi bio hd diu hr cflng nhu Hiep djnh ttinh danh tliufi tring cua Viet Nam vdi eic nudc dfi lim co sd cho boat ddng diu tu cia DN mdi nudc nhim giip cie nhi diu tu bao ve quyfin Ipi hpp phap cua minh. C3iiiih phi cd thfi giao cho cic bd, nginh hiu quan vi eie dja phuang (Bfi Kdhoaeh va Diu nr, Bd Ngoii giao...) Uiuc Men cic nMem vu cu thfi nhu ngMen ciu vfi'mdi ttudng diu tti (eo chfi phip If, die difim mdi Orudng diu tu), cic co hdi dau tu... Hfi thdng flidng tm vfi Uii trudng diu ttr phai duoc tMfit dupc tMfit lip t i trung uong dfin cic bd, nginh, dfin eie hiep hdi vi DN ehi khdng phii cU efi Cue Xie tifin diu tti thye Men boat ddng niy trfin trang web nhu hifin nay.
Co quan dai dita ngoai giao cia Viet Nam tai cic nirdc eung eip eho eie DN dang vi se hoat ddng diu tu eing nhu co quan quin If nhi nude hfin quan cic loai
thdng tm, nhu thdng tin vfi chlnh sich thu hit diu tu vi cic c b ^ sich, luit phip lien quan ttong qui ttinh boat ddng cia DN.
Thudng xuydn cip nhit cic Uiay dfii vfi Mat phip chinh sich dfi cung ci'p eho DN mfit eieh kjp thdi.
Thi tu, hoin Uiidn he tiifing phip luit vi bfi miy quin 1^ boat ddng DTRNN. Trong thdi gian t(^, cic co quan chie ning cin ri soit dfi tifip tuc hoin thien cic van bin phip luit cd lien quan dfin DTRNN, sia dfii, bfi sung hoic thay thfi nbihig vin bin phip \f lien quan dfin boat ddng DTRNN khdng cdn phi hpp, tao hinh lang phip 1^
ddng bo dieii chiiih boat ddng niy. Sau mdt thdi gian thuc hien, Nghi dinh sd 78/2006/ND-C3' ngiy 09-8-2006 quy djnh vfi diu tu ttue tifip ra nudc ngoai da bdc Id nMfiu bit cap, giy khd khin cho DN, ching han, dfi nliin duoc gii'y phfip DTRNN, DN phii tiidng qua 11 diu mdi trong khoang thdi gian t i 5-7 thing; trong kM dfi, gii nguydn lieu, vat tu tang len khifin cho tfi'c dd trupt gii cia cie chi pM cing nhu tfing mic (liu tu cie du in ngay cing Idn. TMfit nghi, vfii vai ttd vi y nghia to Idn cua boat ddng DTRNN ddi vdi sy phit trifin kinh tfi - xa hdi cia dit nufic, ein cd mdt van bin phap luit cfi gii tri phip 1^
cao him vi phi hpp vdi Uiye tfi hoii dfi difiu cbinh boat ddng niy.
Ben canh viec tifip tue xiy dung vi hoin iMen khung phip y thi viee eai tifin cac thi tuc hinh chliih, giam sy can tMep bang cic bien phap hinh chlnh, tang quyfin chu ddng, ty chju ttich nhiim eia DN cung ein dupe qiian tim dun^ mic. Ddng thdi, dfi dim bao sy binh dang eung nhu tao (lifiu kifin tfit nhit eho nha diu tu tM dfii viSi nhflng dy in DTRNN cd quy md via vi nhd, CWiih phi ndn phin quyfin cho eic dja phU(mg quin If di tao difiu kidn cho nhi (liu tu efi difi nhanh chdng hoan tit dupc cic thi tue cho boat dfing diu tuQ
Tii Ueu tham khao:
1. Ludl Ddu lu nam 2005, NXB CTQG H.
2006.
2. Bdo edo ldng kit vi hoal ddng DTRNN nam 2007, 2008, 2009, 20i0 cua'Cuc Diu nr nudc ngoii - Bd Kfi hoach vi Diu ni.
TAP CHi QUAN L* NHA NUdc - sd 185 (6-2011) 55
