ViH Be m m Kiiii
NANG CAO CHAT LUONG VA AN TOAN DjCH RENH CAC SAN PRAM TO CHAN NOOl CUA
T I N HLAM DONG
BSTY. HOANG HUY LIEU Pho Chi cue tru'dng Chi cue Thu y tinh Lam Ddng
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ang cao chat lugng vd an todn dich benh nham dam bdo an toan thuc pham cho ngudi su dung cac san pham tu chan nudi ludn la van de rMay cam va dugc ca xa hgi quan tam. Trong bdi canh hdi nhap qudc te va gia rMap WTO, cdc san pham tu chan nudi vd dich berM mang tinh toan cau Men nay, thi van de nay cang dugc chii trgng hem.Nhimg yeu to chmh anh hirdng den chat lirong an toan thirc pham ciia cac san pham tv chan nuoi
Chat lugng san pham tit chan nudi cMu tac dgng cua nMeu yeu td trong sudt qua trinh chan nudi den tieu thu sdn pham, do Id:
- Vdn de an todn sinh hoc trong chdn nuoi:
Thuc Men ve siiM trong chan nudi de cd dan vat nudi khde, chat lugng tdt; su dung thiic an, nudc udng, hda chat, che pham sirM hgc, thudc thii y, chat kich thich,... dua vdo ca the vat nudi cdn tdn du hoac arM hudng den chat lugng cua san pham.
- Vdn de dich benh dpng vgt: KM dich berM xay ra thi tdc hai true tiep la lam gidm sd lugng vat nudi, tang chi phi cho cdng tac phdng chdng, giam hieu qua trong chdn nudi. Tdc hai gidn tiep la chat lugng cac sdn pham chan nudi bi arM hudng nang ne, khd tieu thu: San pham cua chan nudi cd su tdn tai cdc sirM vat gay berM iMu vims, vi tning, ky sinh tnMg,...
cd the lay berM true tilp hoac gian tiep anh hudng den site khde ngudi tieu dung; su ton du cua khdng sirM, che pham sirM hgc, hda chat do con ngudi sir dung de phdng chong dich. Nguy hiem hem la cd nhiing ddng vat, san pham ddng vat da mac berM, da chit vdn dugc dua ra thi tmdng tieu thu. Hien nay cd nhilu dich benh mdi phat sirM va mang tirM todn ciu rat khd kiem soat.
- Vdn de sir dung vd tieu thu sdnphdm chdn nuoi: San phim ddng vat thudng bi vdy nMem
vi sirM vat, chat ddc trong qua trinh giet md, khai thac sdn pham ddng vat nhu thit, tning, siia khdng dam bao ve sinh; sii dung phuemg tien khdng diing de luu thdng, van chuyen sdn pham dgng vat; sir dung cdc chat phu gia cam cd anh hudng den siic khde de bdo qudn, che bien, luu thdng cdc san pham chdn nudi,...
Tinh hinh dich benh va nhirng kho khan trong cong tac phong chong dich hien nay
Nhiing nam gan day cac loai dich berM mdi, nguy Mem lien tuc xay ra tren pham vi ca nudc va tinh Lam Ddng, nhu: Ld mdm long mdng d gia siic, Ciim gia cam (H5N1), Tai xanh (PRRS) tren heo, Tu huyet tnMg tren trau, bd,... lam thiet hai dang ke cho ngarM chdn nudi va dnh hudng den chat lugng sdn pham. Trong 2 nam gan day (2009-2010), rMd lam tdt cdng tac phdng chdng nen mot sd dich benh khdng tdi phat vd ca ban dugc khdng che tai tirM Lam Ddng, trong khi cdc tirM lan can dich van thudng xuyen xay ra tren dien rgng va gay thiet hai nang ne. Tuy vay, nguy ca tai phat va lay lan dich berM vdo dia phuemg Id rat Idn vd dich beiM van Id mdi de dga thudng true cua ngudi chan nudi va tieu thu san pham.
Nhimg tdn tai, khd khan trong cdng tac phdng chdng dich cua tirM Lam Ddng, do Id:
- Chan nudi phdt trien, mat do gia siic, gia cam cimg rMu nhu cau van chuyen gia siic, gia cam giiia cdc dia phuemg gia tang lam kha nang lay lan dich benh ngay cang ldn. Trong khi do, boat dgng chan nudi thudng la hg gia dinh nhd le, phan tan, chan tha tu do nen gay khdng it khd khan trong viec thuc Men cdc bien phap phdng chdng dich.
- O tinh Lam Ddng Men cd nhieu d dich cu, mdi tmdng da tdn tai rMieu mam berM; dac biet d gia siic da mac benh chua xir ly triet de, khdng quan ly dugc.
Vanae& Su-kien
- Cdng tac tuyen tmyen ve berM dich vd rMan thiic tdc hai ve benh cua ngudi dan va cac cap, cac ngdnh chua day du; chua thay het tac hai tmde mat va lau dai cua dich berM nen cdn la la, chii quan va chua chu dgng cd ke hoach phdng chdng dich phu hgp.
- Su phdi hgp cua cac cap, cdc ngarM, cdc dia phuang trong chi dao phdng chdng dich berM cdn rMimg ban che nhat dinh.
- Luc lugng thii y khdng dii (ke ca sd lugng vd chat lugng); ca sd vat chat cua ngarM cdn thieu; he thdng thii y chua dugc td chiic chat che.
- Dich benh van lien tuc xdy ra d rMieu dia phuemg trong cd nudc va cac tirM lan can vdi tirM Lam Ddng, trong khi cdng tdc kiem dich ddng vat, Idem sodt giet md gia siic va Idem tra ve sirM Mii y chua triet de. Cdc dia phuemg chua qudn ly dugc cdng tdc giet md gia siic tap trung (6 Id tap tmng va 346 diem rMd le). Hien nay chi cac Id giet md gia siic tap tmng mdi cd luc lugng thii y kiem sodt, cdn phan ldn cac diem nhd le khdng dat yeu cau ve ve sinh Mii y thi khdng cd du luc lugng thii y de kiem soat.
Cdng tdc kiem dich chua kiem sodt het dugc su van chuyen nhimg dgng vat, sdn pham ddng vat mdc berM. Do dia ban rgng, tiep gidp vdi nhieu tirM vd rMieu dudng di tdt nen luc lugng thii y khdng du siic de ngdn chan. Ddc biet, kM dich xdy ra, thudng cd tirM trang ngudi chan nudi ban chay gia siic bi benh.
Mot so giai phap phong chong dich nang cao chat lirong san pham chan nuoi thdi gian tol
De nang cao dugc chat lugng vd dam bdo an todn ve sinh thuc pham, thdi gian tdi, cac cap, cac ngarM vd ngudi chdn nudi tren dia bdn tirM can tap tmng vdo cdc ndi dung chirM: (1) Tuyen truyen van ddng de nang cao y thiic cua ngudi chan nudi; quy hoach vd quan ly chdn nudi, day manh chan nudi trang trai va dan thu hep chan nudi nhd le, M phat. (2) Thuc hien ddng bg cdc gidi phap de dam bao an todn dich benh cho dan vat nudi.
(3) Lam tdt cdng tac kiem soat giet md va kiem tra ve sirM thii y cdc san pham chan nudi dua ra thi trudng.
Mot so gidi phap cu the rMu sau:
- Tang cudng cdng tac thdng tin tuyen tmyen vd hudng dan ve ve sirM an toan sirM hgc trong chdn nudi, cdc bien phap phdng chdng dich cho ngudi dan. Tuyen tmyen qua phuemg tien thdng tin dai chiing (dai, bao, tap chi,...) va td chiic cac ldp tap huan, hgi thdo, hdi nghi;
- Thudng xuyen kiem tra, gidm sat de sdm phat hien dich berM, bao cdo kip thdi de cd bien phap chdng dich hieu qua. Xay dung he . thong gidm sat dich benh tu tinh den tan ca sd (thdn, ban) de thudng xuyen theo ddi va thdng tin chinh xac dich berM nhdm phat hien nharM, bao vay chat va xit ly kip thdi;
- To chiic tiem phdng: Hang nam td chiic cdc dgt tiem phdng dinh ky vd bd sung cd hieu qua ciing rMu dp dung cdc bien phdp phdng berM khdc cho gia siic, gia cam;
- Thuc hien tdt cdng tac ve sirM, tieu ddc kbit tning trong chdn nudi, giet md, van chuyen, kirM doanh dgng vat, san pham ddng vat, mdi trudng xung quanh vd tai cdc d dich;
- Tang cudng cdng tdc kiem dich dgng vat de theo ddi, qudn ly dugc gia siic xuat, rMap vao dia ban;
- Cling cd hoat ddng kiem soat giet md gia siic, kiem tra ve sinh thii y, quy hoach xay dung cdc CO sd giet md tap trang phu hgp vdi thuc te cua dia phuang; sap xep lai cho hgp ly cdc CO sd giet md ddng vat, cac chg budn bdn thit, sdn pham dgng vat. Tao dieu kien de luc lugng thii y kiem soat dugc san pham tmde khi luu thdng, tieu thu;
- Ciing cd td chiic vd boat ddng ngarM thii y:
Tang cudng luc lugng vd nang luc boat ddng thii y tu tinh xudng huyen, xa, ca sd chdn nudi.
Nang cao nang luc cac boat dgng chan dodn, xet ngMem de phuc vu yeu cau qudn ly, giam sdt dich berM. NgMen ciiu vd dp dimg cac tien bg khoa hgc ky thuat vao Imh vuc thii y;
- Xay dung vung, ca sd an toan dich benh:
Td chiic dang ky, tham dinh de cdng rMan vimg, ca sd an todn dich berM dgng vat tren dia ban tirM;
- Tang cudng cdng tac tharM tra, kiem tra va xit ly cac vi pham theo quy dirM, ddng thdi bilu duang, khen thudng kip thdi nhiing td chiic, ca nhan cd thdrM tich trong cdng tdc phdng chong dich berM.«
