Nang cao chSt luong ngu6n nhan luc trong boi canh cuoc Cach mang cong nghiep 4.0
Mai Lan Hirang^
' Tmimg Dai hoc Kinh ti Qu6c dan.
Email: [email protected]
Nhan ngay 30 thang 12 nSm 2019. Chap nhan dang ngay 12 thing 2 nSm 2020.
Tom tat: Cupc Cach mang cdng nghiep ISn thir tu (Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0) dang la xu thi toan cau va dupc du doan se tang tdc trong nhimg nam tdi, nd se tac ddng manh me den nin kinh t i cua mdi qudc gia va xda md ranh gidi giira con ngudi vdi may mdc, nang cao hieu qua san xuat.
Cupc Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0 se tao ra su canh tranh ngay cang manh me gitta cac nen kinh ti, giua cac doanh nghiep va nang lire con ngudi. Viet Nam ciing khdng nim ngoai vong xoay cua cupc Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0. Cupc Cach mgng cdng nghiep 4.0 se tao ap luc Idn len thi trudng lao ddng. Neu cac qudc gia dang phat triin, trong do c6 Vi$t Nam, khdng cd giai phap tdng the de nSng cao chat lupng ngudn nhan l\rc, nhat la ngudn nhan lire chat lupng cao thi se phai doi m^t vdi tinh trang du thiia lao ddng va that nghiep.
Tur khoa: Chat lupng ngudn nhan lire, Cach m^ng cdng nghidp 4.0, thj trudng lao dpng.
Phan loai nganh: Kinh te hpc
Abstract: The Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industrial Revolution 4.0) is a global trend expected to accelerate in the coming years, exerting a strong impact on every country's economy and blurring the boundaries between people and machines, improving production efficiency. The revolution will create increasingly strong competition among economies, among businesses and human capacity. Vietnam is not an exception to its development. The revolution will put great pressure on the labour market. If developing countries, including Vietnam, do not have a comprehensive solution to improve the quality of human resources, especially high-quali^ human resources, they will have to face labour redundancy and unemployment.
Keywords: Human resource quality, Industrial Revolution 4.0, labour market.
Industry classification: Economics
1. Dat van de
Cupc Cach mang cdng ngMep 4.0 tao ra nhiing tac ddng tich cue trong dai han thdng qua viec tao ra nMeu vide lam mdi. Tu dpng hda, tri tue nhdn tao va khd nang sieu kit ndi trong cupc Cdch mang cdng ngMep 4.0 lam tang nang suat lao ddng, giam gia thanh ddi vdi nhiing cdng viec Men tai hoac tao ra nhu ciu vd nhiing cdng viec hoan toan mdi. Cudc Cach mang cdng ngMep 4.0 thlie diy va tao co hgi thay ddi chat lugng ngudn nhdn luc. Su bung nd cua eude Cach mang cdng ngMdp 4.0 cimg vdi thdi ky hdi nhap se tao ra nhieu co hdi viec lam mdi vdi nhiing yeu cdu cao hon ddi vdi ngudi lao ddng vi trinh do, ve ky nang... Viec ap dung cdng nghe mdi khdng cM eho phep con ngudi lam viec de dang, thudn tien va Men qua ma cdn thiic ddy mdi ca nhan khdng ngimg thay ddi ban thdn de tMch ling, de lam chu cdng nghd, ndng cao trinh dp chuyen mdn, phdt trien su nghiep cua minh. Do vay, nang luc chuyen mdn cua mdi ca nhan ciing nhu cua tap the va toan xa hpi ciing se timg bude dugc nang len, lam thay ddi chat lugng ngudn nhdn luc cua mdi qudc gia. Cudc Cach mang cdng ngMep 4.0 ciing cd nhiing tac ddng theo hudng tieu cue den thi trudng lao ddng va viec lam dd la: trong thdi gian ngan va trung ban, cudc Cdch mang cdng nghiep 4.0 se lam gia tang ap luc trong viec giai quyet viec lam, phat trien thi trudng lao ddng.
Viec ling diing cac thanh tuu ciia cdng nghe thdng tin, dieu kMen, tu ddng hda, cac he thdng rd bdt cd tri thdng minh nhan tao se thay the con ngudi trong nhieu cdng doan
hoac toan bd day chuyin san xuat, nhat la trong nhiing nganh sit dung nMdu lao ddng.
Viet Nam dang trong thdi ky dan sd vang vdi ngudn cung lao dpng ddi dao va dn dinh. Tuy nMen, ngudn nhan luc ehdt lugng cao lai dang bi tMdu hut. Hien nay, ty le lao ddng dugc dao tao theo trinh dp chuyen mdn ky thuat chua hgp ly. Phdn Idn sinh vien sau khi tdt nghiep, khdng chi tMdu ve kien thiic chuyen mdn, trinh dd ngoai ngu kem ma edn yen ve ky nang giai quyet vdn dd, lanh dao va giao tiep. Ben canh dd, thi luc ciia lao dpng Viet Nam d muc trung binh kem, tmh than trach nMem trong cdng viec ndi ehung chua dap iing dugc yen cdu dat ra eua qua trinh san xuit cdng ngMep. Bai viet phan tich thuc trang cac giai phap nang cao chat lugng ngudn nhan luc d Viet Nam trong bdi cdnh cua cudc Cach mang cdng ngMep 4.0.
2. Thu-c trang chat Itf^g ngvon nhan Ivc d Vi€t Nam hifn nay
Nen kinh te Viet Nam Men nay vdn chu yeu dua vao cac nganh sii dung lao ddng gia re va khai thac tai nguydn thidn nMen; trinh dp ciia ngudi lao ddng ndi ehung thap. Day la mdt trong nhiing thdch thiic Idn khi Viet Nam hdi nhap qudc te sdu rdng va doi didn vdi cudc Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0. Vdi ddn sd hom 96 trieu ngudi vao nam 2019;
trong dd luc lupng lao ddng tir 15 tudi trd len la 54,61 trieu ngudi, chiim 59,5%, Viet Nam vdn dang trong thdi ky ddn sd vang vdi ngudn cung lao ddng ddi dao va dn dinh [6]. Tuy nMen, ngudn nhan luc chit lugng
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cao lai dang bi thiiu hut. Diiu dd dugc thi Men d nhirng mat sau:
Vi tri luc, ty le ngudi lao dpng qua dao tao cd bang hoac chiing ehi cdn thdp, gan 80% sd ngudi lao ddng tir 15 tudi trd len chua dugc dao tao nghi cd van bang, chiing chi [1]. Chat lugng ngudn nhdn lire dugc dao tao cd trinh dp hpc vdn tir bdc cao dang trd len nMn ehung chua cao va ty le that ngMep d nhdm ngudi nay cao. Trong quy 4/2018, ca nude cd 1.062 nghin ngudi trong dp tudi lao dpng that nghiep. Ty le that nghiep cao nhdt van d nhdm cd trinh dp cao ding (4,1%), nhdm cd trinh do trung cdp (2,61%) va nhdm trinh dd dai hpc trd len (2,57%) [7].
Ty le lao ddng dugc dao tao theo trinh dp chuyen mdn ky thuat d Viet Nam hien nay ciing chua hgp ly. Theo sd lieu cua cac nhd nghien ciiu [1], sd tiin si la hon 14 nghin ngudi, nhung cd tdi 70% gift chiic vu quan Iy, chi cd 30% lam cdng tac chuydn mdn... Trong sd 11,73 trieu luc lugng lao ddng qua dao tao cd bing cap, chiing ehi tir sa cip va tuong duong trd len, trinh dp dai hpc va trdn dai hpc cd 5,12 trieu ngudi, trinh dp cao ding cd 1,80 trieu ngudi, trinh dp trung cip cd 3,03 trieu ngudi, trinh dp so cip cd 1,78 tridu ngudi. Diiu nay chiing td CO ciu lao ddng qua dao tao giiia giao due nghi nghiep va giao due dai hpc d nude ta hien nay la mit can ddi. Phan Idn ngudi hoc sau khi tdt nghidp, dugc tuyin dung vao lam viec diu phai dao tao lai. Su thich iing cua ngudi lao ddng vdi cdng viec chua cao, kha nang tiip nhan, iing dung va sang tao tri thiic cua ngudi lao dpng cdn thap.
Ty Id lao ddng cd ky nang cao trong cac nganh san xuit chu luc cua Viet Nam rit
thdp. Theo Bdo cdo lao dpng vd viec ldm cua Tdng cue Thdng ke, nam 2014, Viet Nam cd gdn 5,4 trieu lao ddng cd trinh dp ky nang cao, trong dd tap trung nhieu nhat trong nganh gido due - ddo tao (chiem 30%
sd lao ddng trinh dp cao, ty trpng lao ddng trinh dp cao chiem 88,4% lao ddng cua nganh), boat ddng cua Dang, td chdc chinh tri xa hpi, qudn ly nhd nude va an ninh qudc phdng (chiim 19%), y ti va hoat ddng trg giiip xa hdi cMem (8%). Nganh cdng ngMep che bien, che tao la nganh chii luc trong qua trinh cdng nghiep hda. Men dai hda ehi chiim 9% tdng sd lao dpng trinh dp cao, trong khi dd d cac nude phat tridn ty le nay len din 40-60% [8].
Mdt khao sat ciia Td chiic Lao ddng Qudc ti (ILO) nam 2016 cho thiy, da sd sinh vien Viet Nam lua chpn khdi nganh kinh ti, trong khi khdi nganh ky thuat cd nhu ciu lao ddng Idn lai khdng dugc sinh vien lua ehpn nhidu. Nganh khoa hpc, kj?
thuat, cdng nghe va toan hpc (STEM) dupc 23% sinh vien nam va 9% sinh vien nii cua Viet Nam lira chpn [8]. Nhu vay ddi vdi ngdnh can ban tao ra nang lire san xuat dai ban nhu nhdm nganh STEM thi sinh vidn Viet Nam dudng nhu khdng qua man ma va ty le nay thip hon han muc trung binh trong cdc nude ASEAN; 28% sinh vien nam va 17% sinh vien nii. Cac sinh vien Viet Nam chii yiu thich lira chpn nganh kinh doanh, thuong mai, tai chinh. Dieu nay cho thiy thi trudng lao ddng Viet Nam dang phat triin thien vi cac nganh dich vu ho trg ma chua phat triin manh cac nganh thupc khu vuc thuc, tao ra gia tri gia tang can bdn cho nin kinh ti.
Bdo cdo vi Trien vgng Phdt triin Chdu A 2018 cua Ngdn hang Phat trien Chau A (ADB) cho thdy, sir tMeu hut ky nang lao ddng ndi len nhu mdt rao can ddi vdi viec thu hiit dau tu true tiep nude ngoai (FDI) va ddi vdi cac boat ddng kinh doanh ndi ehung d Viet Nam (khoang 70-80% iing vien cho cae vi tri quan Iy va ky thuat khdng dap img yeu cdu) [6]. Phan Idn cac doanh ngMep deu khdng hai ldng vdi chat lupng giao due va ky nang cua nhan vien, nhat la ky su va ky thuat vien. Khdng cM thieu ve kien tbiic ehuyen mdn, trinh dp ngoai ngu kem ma con yeu ve ky nang giai quyet vdn de, lanh dao va giao tidp.
Vi the luc, tinh trang the luc cua lao dpng Viet Nam d mirc trung binh kem, cd ve chieu cao, cdn nang ciing nhu siic ben, su deo dai, chua dap iing dugc cudng dp lam viec va nhiing ydu can trong sir dung may mdc tMet bi theo tieu chuan qudc te.
Ve tdm luc, tinh thdn trach nhiem trong cdng vide, dao diic nghe nghiep, van hda doanh ngMep, y thiic tudn thu ky Mat lao ddng ciia ngudi Viet Nam ndi ehung chua dap ling duge yeu cau dat ra ciia qua trinh san xudt cdng nghiep. Ngudi lao ddng chua dupe trang bi cac kien thiic va ky nang lam viec theo nhdm, khdng cd kha nang hgp tae va ganh chiu nii ro, ngai phat huy sang kien va chia se kinh nghiem lam viec.
Theo Bdo cdo ve mice dp sdn sdng cho nin sdn xudt trong tuang lai 2018 cua Dien dan kinh td the gidi (WEF) cdng bd thang 4/2018, Viet Nam thupc nhom cac qudc gia chua san sang cho cudc Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0, cM xep thii 70/100 ve ngudn nhan luc. So sanh vdi cdc qudc gia trong khu v\rc Ddng Nam A ve chi sd ngudn nhdn
luc, Viet Nam xep sau Malaysia, Thai Lan, PMlippines va cM xip hang gan tuang ducmg CampucMa [8].
Mdt trong nhung thach thiic dat ra ddi vdi cac qudc gia dang phat trien, trong do cd Viet Nam khi tiep can vdi cudc Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0 chinh la ngudn nhdn lire cd tay nghe cao. Theo sd lidu trong Bdo cdo ve muc dp sdn sdng cho nen sdn xudt trong tuang lai 2018 cua WEF, Viet Nam xip hang thupc rihdm cudi trong bang thii hang ve lao dpng cd chuydn mdn cao, thii 81/100 thdm cM xep hang sau Thai Lan va PMlippines trong nhdm cac nude ASEAN.
Thd hang ve chat lupng dao tao nghe cua Viet Nam xep thii 80/100, so vdi trong nhdm cac nude ASEAN tM cM diing trudc Campuehia (92/100) [8].
Cudc Cach mang cdng ngMep 4.0 vdn md rdng cira vdi cac qudc gia, trong do cd Viet Nam. Day la co hdi Idn trong qua trinh ddy manh cdng ngMep hda, Men dai hda dat nude. Tuy nhien, viec thieu hut ngudn nhdn lire ehdt lugng cao dang la vdn de thach thiic ciia Viet Nam trong giai doan mdi, giai doan dua tren nen tang cua khoa hpc cdng nghe 4.0.
Nguyen nhdn cua nhihig han chi tren la do: (i) Nha nude chua cd cMin lupc phat trien ngudn nhdn lire toan dien, mang tam qudc gia trong dai ban de dinh hudng cho cac CO quan, doan the ciing phdi hop hanh ddng; (ii) He thdng giao due dao tao, nhdt la dao tao dai hoc cdn bdc Id nMdu han che.
He thdng giao due chua bat kip vdi md hinh he thdng gido due dao tao ciia cac nude trong khu vuc va the gidi. Vdi chuong trinh dao tao Men nay ciia cac trudng dai hpc, cao dang, sinh vien mdi ra tnrdng thudng
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tMeu kinh ngMem, tMdu ky nang mem va vide dao tao chua gan lien vdi cdng viec tai cac doanh ngMep. Phuang phap giang day van cdn lac hdu, chua dp dung cac cdng nghe Men dai; (iii) Cdng tdc du bao vi nhu ciu thi tnidng lao ddng edn yiu Cdng tac du bao nhu cdu ngudn nhan lire dai han cho phat tridn kinh te - xa hdi cdn han chi, co cau dao tao theo nganh, nghi, trinh dp dao tao khdng duge quy hoach Idu dai. Cac co sd dao tao khdng du thdng tin vd cung, cdu lao ddng nen viec xay dung nganh, nghd, chi tieu va trinh dp dao tao hang nam khdng sat thuc te. Tinh trang ngudi lao ddng thiiu dinh hudng trong vide chpn nganh nghe kMen cho ngudn cung lao dpng cua Viet Nam gap nMeu van de. Tam ly bang cap, khdng chii trpng den hpc nghe dan den tinh tr^g thira thay thieu thg hien nay va tinh trang ngudi lao ddng cd bang cap dai hpc nhung lai chap nhan lam nhiing cdng viec khdng can chuyen mdn ky thuat. Khoang each gifta giao due nghd nghiep va nhu can cua thi trudng lao ddng ngay cang Idn.
.3. Giai phap nang cap chat lirpug nguon nhan liJrc d Viet Nam trong boi canh cu^c Cach mang cong nghiep 4.0
Mpt Id, hoan thidn chien luge tdng the ve phat triin ngudn nhan luc ehdt lugng cao.
Viec xdy dung chien luge tdng thd phat triin ngudn nhan lire ehdt lugng cao la mdt chu truong ldm, mdt nhiem vu quan trpng va phiie tap, do do ddi hdi phai ngMen ciru ky ludng va than trpng. Thuc hidn tdt giai phap nay se gdp phan khae phuc thuc trang thiiu hut vi sd lugng, han chd ve chat
lugng, su bdt hgp ly trong ca can ngudn nhan luc ehdt lupng cao Men nay. CMin luge phai xac dirih rd muc tieu, quy md. Id trinh va nhung ca chi chinh sach mang tinh tdng the. Mue tieu chien luge phai dam bao sd lupng, chit lugng va eo ciu timg loai nhan lue cho phu hgp. Chiin luge cung xdy dung Id trinh thuc hidn mpt each phii hgp;
xdy dung ca che, cMnh sach mpt each hpp ly dd phdt trien ngudn rihdn luc chat lugng cao mdt each toan didn va ddng bd.
Can phai xac dinh ro vide xay dung, phat trien ngudn nhan luc ehdt lugng cao la yeu cau cap thiet de phat trien dit nude trudc su tac ddng eua eude Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0. Bay la nMem vu trpng tdm cua ca he thdng cMnh tri tir tnmg uong den dia phuong. Tat cd cac co quan, doanh nghiep, td chiic, ngudi ddn cdn cd hiiu hidt vd cupc Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0. Tir dd, xac dinh trach nhiem cua minh trong edng tac phat Men, ddo tao, bdi duong va sil dimg ngudn nhdn lire chat lupng cao.
Hai Id, hoan thien he thdng co che, chinh sach ve xay dung, phat tridn ngudn nhan lire ehdt lugng cao. Trong nhirng nam qua, nhieu co che, chinh sach mdi da dupc ban hanh cd tdc dpng tich cue den viec phat triin ngudn nhan lire ehdt lugng eao.
Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh thuc Men, cdc chinh saeh da bdc Id nhiing han che, bat cap nen hieu qua mang lai chua cao. Do dd, di tiip tue phat trien ngudn nhan luc chit lugng cao ed hidu qua ddi hdi cdn phai thudng xuyen didu chinh, bd sung va hoan thien nhim tao hanh lang phap ly thuan lgi cho vide phat trien ngudn nhdn lue d nude ta trude tac ddng cua cudc Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0.
Viec thuc hien ea che, chinh sach phai dugc thuc Men ddng bd tren nMeu phuong dien nhu giao due - dao tao, khoa hpc - cdng nghd, chinh saeh vide lam, thu nhap, an sinh xa hpi... Trong dd, trudc het can coi trpng viec tao lap cac co che, cMnh sach thu hiit, sir dung va dai ngd nhan luc ehdt lugng cao. Tao su dot pha vd dai ngd, tdn vinh ngudn nhdn lire chat lugng cao; tao mdi tnrdng ldm viec thudn lgi va co hdi thang tien de tao ddng luc, kich tMch, khuyen khich hp lao ddng sang tao va Meu qua;
thuc Men chinh sach tien luong Hnh boat theo Meu qua ddng gdp, cd co che khuyen kMch ve lgi ich vat chat ddi vdi nhiing ngudi cd cdng Men mang lai nMdu lpi ich cho xa hdi.
Ba la, ddi mdi can ban, toan didn giao due va dao tao. Thiet kd lai chuang trinh ddo tao, ddi mdi phuang phap day va hpc, ndng cao cac ky nang mem cho sinh vien.
Thuc te cho thay, he thdng dao tao cua nude ta cdn tdn tai nMdu bdt cap, co sd vat chat chua dap ung vdi yeu cdu ddo tao, phucmg thiic dao tao vdn theo kieu cii, thieu tinh tuong tac, su gan ket vdi thuc tien, hpc khdng di ddi vdi hanh, dan den chat lupng ngudn nhan lire sau dao tao chua dap iing vdi yen can ngay cang cao ciia xa hpi, dac biet trong xu the phat trien cua Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0. Do dd, can sdm ddi mdi chuong trinh, ndi dung dao tao dai hpc theo hudng tinh gidn, hien dai, thiet thuc va phu hgp. Cdi each he thdng giao due, dao tao, uu tien cho cac nganh khoa hpc ky thuat, dao tao hudng ngMep gan vdi viee lam va theo nhu cau cua xa hdi. Vide ddo tao ciing can tiep can theo hudng da nganh thay vi chuyen nganh nhu tnrdc ddy, ddng thdi
tang eudng sir phan bien ciia ngudi hpc.
Qudn tri dai hpc eung cdn cd su thay ddi, ling dung edng nghe thdng tin vao boat dpng giang day, nang eao chit lugng dpi ngii giao vidn va can bd quan ly. Dac biet, trong thdi ky ky thuat sd nhu hien nay, cac trudng dai hpc ciing cdn ngMen ciiu, bd sung them cac chuydn nganh dao tao cdc nghe ve thude do ve phat trien cdng ngh$
va thdng tin truyen thdng (ICT), blockcham, tri tue nhan tao (AI) de dap img ve nhu cdu nhan luc trong cudc Cdch mang cdng ngMep 4.0. Ben canh do, cdn trang bi cac ky nang mem cho sinh vien ngay til trong nhd trudng, bang each dua ky nang mem vao trong chuong trinh dao tao va chuan dau ra cho sinh vien.
Can su ket hgp gifta nha trudng - nha khoa hpc - nha doanh nghiep trong ddo tao nhan lire phuc vu cudc Cach mang cdng ngMep 4.0. Hien tai, cac trudng chi tap trung edng tac dao tao chii chua chu dpng hgp tac vdi cac doanh ngMep. Nha trudng cdn kdt hgp vdi cac doanh ngMep xdy dung cac tnmg tam ddi mdi sang tao, nhd nhiing trung tam nay, sinh vidn dugc hpc tap trong mdi trudng gan kdt chat che vdi cudc sdng chu khdng chi hpc ly thuyet thuin tiiy.
Bon Id, khdng ngimg cai thien va ndng cao the luc cho ngudi lao dpng. Ben canh vide ndng cao trinh dp chuyen mdn tM nang cao the luc cho ngudi lao ddng la vdn de cd y nghia quan trpng, tao nen tang cho viec phat triin tri luc, tdm luc cua ngudn nhan luc. Ddy la vdn dd cd y ngMa cMen luge va lau ddi. Vi vdy, can phai dam bao miic dinh dudng cin tMet cho eon ngudi d mpi lua tudi, khuyin kMch diy manh phong trdo ren luyen thi d\ic thi thao trong nhdn dan...
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Bay manh cdng tac ngMen ciiu du bao vd y te, cac chuong trinh kham ehua benh dinh ky cho ngudi lao ddng. Thuc Men cd Men qua cdng tac chdm sdc va bao ve sftc khoe cho nhan ddn, nang cao tudi thp... gdp phin phat trien ngudn nhdn lire cd chiiu sau.
Ndm Id, ddy manh cdng tac du bao rihu cau thi trudng nhan luc. Can nghien ciiu danh gia thuc trang co cdu nhan luc Men cd ciing nhu du bao ve nhu cdu nhdn luc d cae ngdnh, ITnh vuc khdc nhau nhim chii ddng tranh tinh trang thira va thiiu nhdn lue. Tang cudng cdng tac du bdo nhu ciu thi trudng nhan luc trong tuong lai gin va xa hom. Bay la ndi dung can dupc dac biet quan tam bdi cupc Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0 se ed tac ddng rat Idn tdi co cdu cua ndn kinh td, kha nang suy giam, thdm chi mat di cua nhieu ngdnh nghe cu, su xuit hien eua nhiing nganh nghe mdi trong luong lai la hoan toan cd the xay ra, dieu nay se dan tdi nhiing thay ddi rdt Idn trong CO cau viec lam.
4. Kit luan
Viet Nam khdng nam ngoai vdng xoay cua cudc Cach mang cdng nghd 4.0. Cupc Cach mang ndy cd thd kMen cho su bit binh dang va phan hda gidu ngheo tang len, kM may mdc va tri tue nhan tao thay the eho siic ngudi va tao dp luc Idn len thi trudng lao ddng. Ndu cac qudc gia dang phdt tridn, trong do cd Viet Nam, khdng cd giai phap tdng thi di ndng cao chat lugng ngudn nhan luc, nhit la ngudn nhdn luc chit lugng cao thi se phdi ddi mat vdi tinh trang du thira lao ddng va thit nghiep. Vi vdy, di cd dupc ngudn nhdn luc chat lugng cao dap ling yeu ciu ciia cudc Cach mang cdng
ngMep 4.0 thi Viet Nam cdn phai thuc hien day du, ddng bp cac gidi phap ndu tren.
Tai li|u tham Ichao
[1] >iguyen Dinh B i c (2018), "Phdt triln ngu6n nh§n luc chat lugng cao a nude ta tru6c t^c dgng cua cu6c Cdch mang c6ng nghiep ISn thii tu". Tap chi Cgng sdn, so 906.
[2] Tran Kim Chung (2018), "Tdc dgng cua cuoc Cach mang cong nghiep lan thu: tu dSn vin dS vi^c Idm - m6t s6 dS xuit gidi phap cho Viet Nam", Ky yeu Hpi thao khoa hgc Quoc te
"Cupc Cdch mgng cong nghiip Idn thu lu voi Qudn tri nhd nu&c ", Nxb S\t that, Ha Ngi.
[3] Dang Thanh Le (2018), "Tac dgng ciia cuoc Cach mang cong nghiep lan thti tu den yeu cdu bao ddm an sinh xa hgi theo hudrng phdt trien b^n viJng", K^ yk\x Hpi thdo khoa hpc Quflc t€
"Cupc cdch mgng Cong nghiep Idn thii tu vai Qudn tri nhd nuoc ", Nxb Sir that, Ha Npi.
[4] Klaus Schwab (2016), Cdch mgng cong nghiep lan thu tu, Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia Sir that, HaNOi.
[5] https://™resource.vn/hrmblog/lhuc-trang-nguon- nhan-luc-cua-viet-nam-hien-nay/
[6] https://laodong.vn/cong-doan/phat-trien-nguon- nhan-luc-chat-luong-cao-su-song-con-cua- doanh-nghiep-62 5679.1do
[7] http://giadinh.net.vn/xa-hoi/hon-1 -trieu-nguoi- trong-do-tuoi-lao-dong-that-nghiep-cao-nhat- van-o-nhom-co-trinh-do-cao-dang- 2019040422274
[8] http://www.ciem,org.vn/Content/fiIes/2018/vne p2018/C%C4%9010%20%20T%C3%A1 c%20
%C4%91 %E 1 %BB%99ng%20CMCN%204_0
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BB%93n%20nh%C3%A2n%201%El%BB%B lc%20VN.pdf
