Nang cao
nang lu'c tai chmh
cua Cong ty TNHH Sang Lap
TRAM QUOC HCfNG*
Tom tat
Trong hogt ddng cda doanh nghiep, ndng luc tdi chinh ludn Id vdn de dugc chu trgng. Trin ca sdphdn tich tinh hinh tdi chfnh Cong ty TNHH Sdng Lap, tdc gid phdn tich nhffng thudn lgi vd khd khdn, tff dd, di ra cdc gidi phdp thich hgp nhdm giup Cdng ty ndng cao hiiu qud hogt dgng trgng tbdi ky tdi.
Tit khoa: phdn tich tdi chinh, Cdng ty TNHH Sdng Lap, ndng li/c cgnh tranh
Summary
Financial capacity is always a matter of concern in the operation of a business. On the basis of analyzing financial situation of Sang Lap Company Limited, the author accesses the advantages and disadvantages, thereby, proposing proper solutions to help the company to improve its operational efficiency in the coming time.
Keywords: financial analysis, Sang Lap Company Limited, competitiveness
GIOI THIEU
Cong ty TNHH Sdng Lap Id doanh nghidp hoat ddng theo md binb cdng ty TNHH, dtfdc ihanh lap iheo so' dang ky kinh doanh so 2803.000.138 do Sd Ke hoach va Dau ttf tinh Hd Tinb cd'p ldn dau vao ngdy 05/10/2004 vdi so' vo'n dieu Ie ban dau Id 20,6 ty ddng.
K^ tff thdi gian Ihdnh lap cho dd'n nay, do nhu cau md rpng kinh doanh, Cdng ty da 6 lan ndng vd'n dieu Id. Sau Idn thff 6, ngdy 11/04/2013, vd'n dieu Id cua Cdng ly dtfdc ndng ldn 35 ty dong.
Trong hoat dpng, Cdng ty ludn quan tdm chu trpng tdi ndng Iffc ldi ehinh de dam bdo boat dpng san xua't, kinh doanh. Ndng Itfc tai chinh cung la phan quan trpng de' danh gid hieu qua kinh te' trong boat ddng cua doanh nghidp. Vi thd', dd' dat dtfdc hidu qua kinh te'cao cac doanh BAMG 1: Sd LCTCiC KET QuA HOAT DOMG KIMH DOAMH CGA COMG TY (2015-2017)
f' Chi tieu
Doanh ihu LcJi iiliLian trtfcic thue LOi nhuan sau Ihue Tong liii san Von chu sd hffu
Nam 2015
50,267.883.318 243 581 987 182.686.490 71.200.954.989 21.778 087.950
Nam 2016
66.790.415.885 318.095.559 238.571-670 66.287.857.801 21.784.308 355
Nam 2017
82,739,253.033 434.620.673 339 004.125 89.177.853.487 36.510.273 860
Ch6nh l^ch 2016/2015 Gia trj
16.522.532.567 74 513 572 55.885.180 -4.913.097.188 6.220.405
TylS
(%)
32,87 30,59 30,59 -6,9 0,03
Chenh 16ch2017/2016 Gia tri
15.948.837.148 116.525.114 100.432.455 22 889 995.686 14.725 965 505
(%)
23,88 36,63 42,1 34,53 67,6 INguon Phong ke toan - bao cao tai chinh
' Trtfdng Dai hpc Ha Tfnh I Email: [email protected] t^gdy nhdn hdi: 14/02/2019; Ngdy phdn bien: 14/03/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng: 22/03/2019
75
BAMG 2: MOT SO CHI SO TAI CHINH CGA CONG TY S A N G LAP TRONG 3 NAM 2015-2017
Ty s6' tai chi'nh |DVT|NSm 20151Nam 20161N3m 2017 C<f cdu tdi sdn vd nguSn von
Ty trong tai san ngan han Ty trong tai san dai han Ty trong nO phai tra Ty trong vo'n chu sd huU
%
%
%
%
63,5 36,5 69,41 30,5!)
59,2 40,8 67,14 32,86
70,5 29,5 59,06 40,94 Ccf cS'u tai ehinh va tinh hinh d^u ttf
Ty suat dau tu' viio tai san dai han Ty sua't dau ttf vao tai san ngSn han He so no
He so nd tren vo'n chu Ty sua't tlf tai trd
Lan Lan
%
Lan Lan
0,37 0,63 69,41 2,27 0,31
0,41 0,59 67,14 2,04 0,33
0,29 0,71 59,06 1,44 0,41 Tinh hinh tiianh todn
Ty le giu'a tong cSc khoan phai thu so v6i tong nguon von Ty le giila tdng cdc khoan phai thu so vdi Ciic khoan phat trii
%
Lan 32,34
0.47 21,45
0,32 43,35
0.73 Ty so khd nang Ihanh todn
HS so thanh loan hien hanh He so thanh toan nhanh He so thanh toan tlTc thOi He so thanh toan lai vay
Lan LSn Lan Lan
1,15 0,8 0,06 1,05
1,04 0,62 0,1 1,06
1,27 0,96 0,12 1,12 Ty sd'khd ndng hoat d()ng
Vong quay hang ton kho Ky thu lien binh quan Vong quay tai san co' dinh Vong qnay tdng tai san Vong quay vo'n ILTU dong
Vong Ngiiy Vong Vong Vong
3,66 98 1,96 0,74 10,9
3,53 101 2,52 0,97 18,65
4,3 115 3,11 1,06 11,07 Ty so khd ndng sinh lifi
He so lai gop ROS ROA ROE
%
%
%
%
17,19 0,363 0,27 0,84
14,97 0,357 0,35 1,09
13,31 0,41 0,44 1,16
nghiep noi chung va Cong l\ TNHH Sang Lap n6i ridng c^n phai hieu ro \ e ilnh hinh tai chinh ciia doanh nghiep iniiih.
DANH CIA NANG LliC TAI CHINH CUA CONG TY GIAI DO^N 2015-20T7
Tmh hinh tai chinh giai doan 2015-2017
Bang 1 cho tha'y, mot so diem noi bSt sau trong bl?c tranh tai chinh ciia Cong ty, nhtrsau:
- Ve doanh thu: Co tang tracing qua cic nam. Ne'u nam 2016, doanh thu tang 32,87% so vdi nam 2015. Nam 2017, doanh thu tie'p tuc tang 23,88% so vdi nam 2016. Dieu nay cho tha'y, tinh hinh hoat dong kinh doanh ciia Cong ty dang tie'n trie'n tot.
- Lai nhuan trudc thue va lai nhuan sau thue ciing tang trtfdng qua cac nam.
Dac biet, loi nhuan sau thue' ciia C6ng ty tang nhanh qua cac nam. Nam 2017, ldi nhuan sau thue'tang 42,1%), dat tren 339 trieu dong.
- Tdng ldi sdn: Tu: nam 2015 d6'n 2017, chi tieu nay ciia C6ng ty cd nhieu bie'n dong trong giai doan 2015-2017.
Ne'u nam 2016 giam 6,9% so vdi nam 2015, thi sang nam 2017, tdng tai san lai tang tdi 34,53% len 89,177 ty dong.
- Vdn chu sd hHu: Nam 2015 v6'n chii sdhiJu la 21,778 ty dSng; Nam 2016 tang khong nhiiu, chi tang 0,03% so vdi nam 2015. Nhu'ng, nam 2017 so vdi nam 2016 lai tang tdi 67,6%, dat 14,725 ty d6ng.
PhSn tich crf ca'u tai chinh cua COng ty
Bang 2 cho tha'y:
Ve ca cdu tdi sdn vd ngudn vdn:
Tai sdn ngan ban ciia C6ng ty c6 sif thay do'i lien tuc ve quy mo va vl ty trong trong 3 nam. Ne'u nam 2016 so vdi nam 2015 giam 5,929 ty dong va ty trong gidm xudng con 59,2%, thi nam 2017 lai tang manh len 62,911 ty dong vti chife ty trpng 70,5% tren tdng tai san Cung voi do la till san diii ban cd bie'n dong, nhung khong dang ke trong 3 nam ve matquy mo vi tj trong Tai s.in dai han chiem ty trong khdng Idn irong tdng tai san,chie,ntiI29%-41%. Do dac thii kinh , danh cua Cong ty chu yeu i;, k,,,^ joanh , va xay dv-ng, nen diiu ttf viio ,;„ 3a„ j j ;
ban la khong qua lon. ^ Co can nguSn vo'n cila Cong ,„ „ „ , •
cd stf bien doi ro net. Vdn chti sd hOu "
76
tang ve quy mo va ty trgng. Trong nam 2017, quy mo v6'n chu sd hffu tang 36,510 ty dong, dong thQi ty trpng cung tang len 40,94%. Von chu sd hffu tang, ndn nd phai trd cung co sif bien dong ca ve quy mo va ty trong. Cu the: Nam 2016 so vdi nam2015 giam di'4.919.317.593 dong va t^ trong giam con 67,14%; Nam 2017 lai tang"len 52.667.579.627 dong, nhtfng ty trong lai gidm xuo'ng con 59,06%. Dieu nay cho tha'y, C6ng ty co kha nang s^
dung vo'n to't va nguon vo'n tai trd cho tai san cung ngay cang tang nhanh, nha't la nguon vo'n vay. Diem can liTu y la nd phai tra chiem ty trgng cao trong tdng vo'n se anh hu'dng tdi idia nang huy dgng von cua Cong ty trong nhiJng nam tie'p theo. Do nd phai tra nhi^u, khien tien danh cho lai vay tang nhanh, giam ldi nhuan, anh hu'dng tdi hieu qua hoat dcing cua doanh nghiep. Dong thdi, con cd thi khien cho Cong ty gap rui ro trong kinh doanh.
Ve ca cd'u tdi chinh vd tinh hinh ddu tu Tinh hmh dau tu" tai san dai han cua Cong ty nam 2016 tang so vdi nam 2015.
Nam 2017, ty suat diu ttf tai san dai han cd giam hdn nam 2016, nhu'ng to'ng tai san cua cong ty lai tang len. Dieu nay cho tha'y, Cong ty tang quy mo tai san chu yeu la gia tang tai san ngan han. Dieu nay cung phii hdp vdi nganh nghe kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep. Bdi, trong iinh vi^c xay difng, thi tai san ngan han bao gid cung chie'm ty trong cao hdn tai san dai han.
Tinh hinh dau ttf tai san ngan han cua Cong ty tang trd lai vao nam 2017 la do quy mo tai san ngan han tang len vdi to'c dfl tang nhanh hdn td'e dd tang cua quy mo tdng tai san.
He s6' nd ngay cang giam chiing td Cong ty da nd lu'c nhilu hdn trong vi6c gia tang ldi nhuan de bu dap nhffng khoan vay. Nguon vo'n chu sd hffu cua Cong ty chiem ty trgng ngay cang tang tu'dng ffng vdi giam ty trgng cua nd phai tra trong dieu kien quy mo ngay cang du'dc md rOng. Qua do, th^ hi6n kha nang ttf chu vl tai chinh ciia Cdng ty tffdng dd'i td't.
Vi tinh hinh thanh todn
Trong 3 nam qua, cung vdi vi6c md rgng quy mo hoat dong, Cdng ty da tich effc thu hoi nd de dam bao vd'n bilu hien qua ty le giffa khoan nd phai thu vdi tdng von hoac nd phai tra deu cd xu hffdng giam. Tuy nhien, vin cdn Iffdng vd'n bi chid'm dung Idia ldn da lam han che vd'n thtfc su" tham gia san xuS't, kinh doanh ciia Cong ty.
^ Cac ty so v l kha nang thanh khoan cua cac nam qua diu bien dgng. Nhin lai cd thi tha'y, nam 2016 kha nang thanh toan cua Cong ty con chffa td't, nhrnig nSm 2017 da dffdc cai diien rd ret. Dieu dang miSig la ty so' kha nang thanh toan hien thdi ldn hdn 1, qua do cho tha'y, Cdng ty van dam bao cho kha nang chi tra hidn tai. Tuy nhidn, cung can lifu y rang, kha nang thanh toan nhanh va thanh toan tffe thdi van cdn nhd hdn 1. Dieu dang quan tam la, mac du kha nang thanh idioan bang tiln mat cd xu htfdng phat trien tot, nhffng cdn qua thap cho thS'y, mffc do rui ro cua Cdng ty trong vide ffng phd vdi nhffng khoan nd de'n han la kha cao. Cong ty nen quan tam nhieu hdn nu'a de'n cac chl tidu nay de dam bao tinh dn dinh eho hoat dgng san xuat, kinh doanh trong tffdng lai.
Vi hieu sud't sff dung vdn
Trong 3 nam (2015-2017), hidu sua't sff dung vd'n cua Cdng ly la kha td't, vdng quay tai san cd' dinh va vdng quay hang tdn kho lien tuc tang trong 3 nam.
Vong quay hang ton kho tang chffng td so'ngay \iiu kho thap, kha nang thu hdi vd'n td't.
Ky thu tien binh quan van d mffe eao cho tha'y, cong tac quan ly va thu hoi cdng nd cua Cdng ty chffa dffdc lam td't, ddi hdi Cdng ty cln xem xet lai chinh saeh quan ly nd. Mat khac, Cdng ty can that chat chinh sach thffdng mai hdn nffa, quan ly td't cae khoan phai thu nham giam bdt Iifdng vdn bi chie'm dung, gdp phan nang cao hieu qua kinh doanh.
Vdng quay tai san cd'dmh cd xu hffdng tang qua 3 nam, chu^g td, trong nhffng nam qua, Cdng ty sff dung cd hieu qua tai san cd'dinh.
Sd' vdng quay tong tai san nam 2016 tang so vdi nam 2015, nhffng nam 2017 cho tha'y, tinh hinh sff dung vd'n cua Cdng ty khdng thffc sff d'n dinh, hieu qua cdn that thffdng.
Vong quay vd'n lffu ddng nam nam 2016 tang so vdi nam 2015 cho tha'y, Cdng ty da nd life trong vide quan ly vd'n lifu ddng va tich ctfe nang cao hieu qua ciia vo'n.
Tuy nhien, chi tieu nay trong nam 2017 lai bi giam la dau hieu cho thay, vo'n dffdc sff dung kem hieu qua hdn so vdi nam trffdc.
Ve ty sd'khd ndng sinh ldi
Trong nam qua, doanh thu cua Cong ty lien tue lang, dong thdi phan lai gdp cung gia tang tffdng ffng.
Tuy nhien, mffc dd lai gdp con han chd' so vdi doanh thu. Do do, he sd lai gdp cd xu hffdng giam, chffng td gia thanh san pham edn kha cao.
Ldi nhuan rdng ciia Cdng ly cd gia tang iffdng xffng vdi doanh thu Iam he sd' lai rdng cd chieu hffdng tang qua cac nam. Qua dd eho tha'y, hidu qua hoat dgng kinh doanh cua Cdng ty ed xu hffdng tang.
Kha nang sinh ldi cua tdng tai san v^ kha nang sinh ldi ciia ngudn vd'n chd sd hffu ed xu hffdng tang. Dieu nay chffng to, Cdng ly da nd life khai thac va sff dung ngudn vd'n eiia minh mgt each hieu qua. Song, de nang cao kha nang sinh Idi, Cdng ty can khai ihac cd hieu qua hdn cac nhan Id', goni: tai san, ngudn vd'n ehu sd hffu tai ddn vj minh va quan ly td't chi phi va gia thanh de tang tdi nhuan.
77
M6t sd'tdn tai va nguyen nhSn
Qua ke't qua phan lieh iren, cd the thay, trong cac nam tff 2015-2017, tinh hinh hoat ddng kinh doanh cua Cdng ty cd mdt so'bie'n ehuyin thuSn ldi, nhif: ly suat ldi nhuSn cua doanh nghiep cd ehilu hifdng tang, nhtmg tang chffa dang ke; he so'thanh loan lai vay du'dc cai thien qua cae nam. Tuy nhidn, tinh hinh tai chinh eiia doanh nghiep cdn cd mdt so'tdn lai sau:
- Gia thanh san pham cdn kha cao, chie'm mgl ty trgng ldn so vdi doanh thu thuan ciia Cdng ly. Dieu nay cho tha'y, vide quan ly san xu£l, nhff: mua sam cac ye'u td' dau vao va sff dung nguyen vat lieu, cdng cu dung cu... irong qua trmh san xuS't cdn chffa dem lai hieu qua.
- So' hang ton kho cdn cao, day chi phi lffu kho lam giam hieu qua san xua't cua Cdng ly,
- Cac khoan phai thu ciia Cdng ty chid'm ty trgng cao trong tai san ngan han, chffng td ngudn vd'n dang bi chid'm dung. Qua do cung cho thS'y, linh hinh ehuye'n ddi cac khoan phai thu thanh tien eua doanh nghiep cdn cham, Ihl hidn Ihdng qua chl tieu ky thu tiln binh quan. Nd'u nam 2015 de chuyin ddi cac khoan phai thu thanh lien doanh nghiep phai mat 98 ngay, thi de'n nam 2017, thdi gian ehuyen ddi len tdi 115 ngay.
MOT SO GIAI PHAP CAN THLfC HIEN
Thd nhd't, gidi phdp tie't kiem chi phi ndng cao hifu qud kinh doanh cho Cong ty. Mud'n vay, lanh dao Cdng ty can phai phd'i hdp true tie'p vdi eac nhan vidn ihi/e hien thi cdng cdc cdng tnnh lim ra nhffng bat hdp ly trong khau thffc hien thi cdng. Tff dd, nham d^y nhanh lien dO cdng trinh d l bin giao cho khdch hang nham lang doanh thu va tranh ff dgng vd'n. Ben canh dd, Cdng ty can quan ly chat che viec sff dung cac
yeu t6 dau vao trong san xuat. trdnh that thoai, lang phi vd'n lam anh hffdng den gid thanh san xua't.
Thff hai, ve quan tri iiang tdn kho.
Cdng ty ean xem xet Iffdng ton kho phii hdp, dff dodn ddng nhu cau nguyen vSt lieu cho viec xdy dffng cdc edng trinh vd thdi dilm ban giao cdng irinh cho khach hang, trdnh linh trang d\J trff vffdt qud nhu cau; Dong thdi, can xay dffng dinh m^c dff trff thanh pham tdn kho, cung nhif can du bao thdi dilm tang gid cua nguyen vdt Hdu tren thi trffdng de cd mffc dif M ein thid't, tiet kiem td'i da chi phi ton triJ.
Ngoai ra, can quan tri td't hang ldn kho sao cho viec sdn xud't, kinh doanh khdng bi gidn doan, trdnh ff dgng vd'n.
Thd ba, ve qudn tri cdc khodn phdi thu. Cdng ly cln khac phuc tmh trang chid'm dung vd'n va bi chie'm dung vd'n, nang cao hieu qua sff dung vd'n; can lam sao de chuyen cac khoan phai thu thdnh den mdt cdch nhanh nha'l. Bg phan ke todn phdi theo ddi chat che tinh hinh cdng nd, linh hinh thanh loan tiln hang giffa cdc ddn vi, phan anh kip thdi dl trdnh tinh trang vd'n bi chid'm dting.
Ben canh dd, can phan loai khach hang, thie't lap ke' hoach thu hdi nd phii hdp, chu ddng nhac nhd khi nd dd'n han va can cd bien phap effng ran dd'i vdi nhffng khoan nd khd doi. Ben canh dd, Cdng ty cung can phai ed che' dd khuyd'n khich nhtf cd chie't kha'u thanh loan nham giup cho vide thu hoi vdn du'dc nhanh chdng.Q
_ TAILIEUJHAJVLKHAD _ __
1. Cdng ty TNHH Sdng Lap (2015-2017). Bdo cdo td'ng ki't sdn xud't, kinh doanh tff ndm 2015 de'n 2017
2. Cdng ty TNHH Sdng Lap (2016-2018). Bdo cdo tdi chinh tff ndm 2015 de'n 2017 3. Nguydn Dinh Kidm, Bach Dffc Hien (2008). Gido trinh Tdi chinh doanh nghiep, Nxb Tai chinh Ha Ndi
DINH CHINH
Do ldi in dn, Irong bdi viil: "Anh hudng cua phong cdch ldnh dao den mice do thda man cdng viec cua nhdn vien - Tru-dng hgp BIDVTP. Ho Chi Minh" cua tdc gia Ao Thu Hoai, Nguydn Ngge Khoa Nguyen dang h:en Tap chi Kinh tl va Dir bao sd 06, thdng 02/2019 (trang 52) md hinh nghien cffu bi in sai. Ban Bien tap xin phep duoc dinh chinh ndi dung phdn md hinh nghien cihi dung nhu hinh ben.
Ban Bien tap xin chan thanh cao ldi cung cac tae gia va ddc gia ve ldi tren.
Xin trdn trgng cdm on I
MO HINH NGHIEN CtTU
