PETROVIETNAM
Mot sd vdn de dgt ra trong qud trinh thuc hien huy gieng vd huy mo o Lien doanh Viet - Nga
"Vietsovpetro"
TS. Hodng QuSc Khdnh
T5. Nguyfin Thdc Khdng, TS. ViiThl£nLU(Aig Liin doanh Viit • Nga "Vietsovpetro"
Mddlu
NhCfng nam gan dly, hang loat cdc md d l u khi dupc phdt h i i n , xdy dung vd dUa vao van hanh tren t h i m lue dja Viet Nam dd gdp p h l n ddng k l tang cUdng sye manh cilia Nganh Dau khi ndi ri^ng vd t i l m lUc kinh t l cCia Viet Nam ndi chung. Song song qua trinh phdt trien md, ede cdng ty dau dang hoat ddng d Viet Nam d l u phdi xay dung k l hoach buy md, lap quy tai chinh hCiy md trong tuong lai khi k i t thUe hoat ddng d khu vuc dUOc e l p phep.
Duoe bilt, hau h i t cac md d l u d Vilt Nam h i i n d l u d giai doan dau hoac giya q u i trinh khai md va qud trinh thUc hien cho thay cd s U t i l p can va thyc h i i n khde nhau, do vay chi phi huy md se cd sU khde b i l t ddng ke. Vie d i l u chinh, SLfa ddi cac quy c h l nhdm xay dyng cac quy trinh cdng nghe chuan v l buy g i l n g va huy md vUa dam bdo c h i t lupng cdng vile vC/a phu hpp vdi thuc tien dupc coi Id van de cap t h i l t hi&n nay.
Huy md thUc c h i t Id qua trinh "ngUpc" so vdi cdng tac xay dyng md, bao gdm hai p h l n viec chinh la hCiy g i l n g vd hCiy cac edng trinh t r i n mat day b i l n . Tuy chinh sdch vd chien lupc tUng nUde, quy trinh hCiy md se ed nhyng diem khae biet, t h i m chi My ed quy c h l huy md rieng d tCrng bang. Tuy n h i i n , cac guy che nay d l u thdng nhat d diem eac edng ty dau phai trd lai nguyin trang be mat day b i l n , mat dat nhu trUde khi b i t d l u qua trinh xay dyng va phdt trien md d l u khL Cac edng ty d l u khi d Viet Nam r l t quan t i m den van de thu don md, nham tuan thCi cac d i l u khodn quy dinh cua Lult Dau khi cung nhu cac Nghj djnh do Bd Cdng Thuong ban hanh trong thdi gian qua.
V I tai chinh, cae cdng ty d l u deu phdi thiet lap k l hoach hCiy md va trieh ndp quy tdi chinh, d l y la cO sd trieh lap chi phi t y Ipi nhuan ban d l u de ddnh ngan k h o l n cho huy md. V l n d l la n l u chi phf hCiy md Idn, nhd dau t u se bj hao hut Ipi nhuan dang ke, thdm chi
budc p h l i dua ra q u y l t djnh dyng d l u t u nhUng n l u chi phi d y try thap, viec thUe thi hCiy md se gap n h i l u khd khan phdc tap trong tuong lai va nude ehCi nhd cd nguy cO phdi c h i p nhdn. Do d i e diem r i i n g , h l u h i t ede md d l u d Vi^t Nam h l l n d l u ndm tren them lue dia n i n chi phi xay dyng, v l n hdnh va chi phi huy md d l u cao hon n h i l u so vdi tren d I t l l l n . Vile t i l t kiem chi phi vdn hdnh cung nhu huy md gdp phan mang lai hi&u qud kinh t l Idn.
Lien doanh Viet - Nga "Vietsovpetro"da thyc hien huy mot sd gilng khoan khai thac trong nhQng nam g i n ddy, qua trinh thyc hien da vd dang ndy sinh mdt sd van d l lien quan d i n quy trinh cdng nghe ky t h u l t huy gilng vd kem theo dd la cac chi phi cd t h i sda ddi de phu hpp va bdm sat thyc tien. Bai bdo nay de cap den mdt sd van de liin quan d i n cdng tac huy g i l n g , huy mo dd vd dang t i l n hanh d cac cdng ty d l u t r i n lanh tho Viet Nam, de xuat mot sd t i l p can mdi nhIm van d i m bdo thyc thi qud trinh huy md an toan, ddng thdi t i l t gidm chi phi xudng tdi mye thap n h l t cd t h i , nham ddm b l o hai hda giQa Ipi ieh eCia nhd dau tuvd Ipi ich cua Nha nUde.
1 . Mot s^ quy dinh lien quan d i n cong nghe hdy md cr Viet Nam
Ndi dung huy md dUpc the hien trong hang loat cdc vdn bdn [1 - 6], bao gdm cdc quy djnh lam cO sd de thUc h i i n ede quy trinh cdng nghe lien quan d i n cac p h l n edng viec chinh nhu sau:
+ Ddng g i l n g , cat vd thu hdi td hpp dng chdng d ede gilng khoan dudi b l mat ddy bien.
+ Thu don cac cdng trinh dupe xay dyng trong sudt qud trinh phat trien md, bao g6m cdc loai gian cd djnh, gian nhe, dng dyng, dng rdt dau, neo tau... Theo quy djnh, t i t c l ele cdng trinh bien, g i l n g khoan d l u phai dupc cSt va thu hdi dUdi b l mat day bien tdi thieu 3m.
o k KHi-SO 7/2012 21
THAM DO - KHAi IHAC D A U KHi
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Quy huy gieng cho md Bach H6 dugc Bd Cdng Thuang phi duyitid han 1 ty USD. Anh: CTV
+ Ldm sach b i n trong, b i n ngodi va thu hdi cdc dudng dng cdng nghe I l p d I t t r i n nen ddy bien. Chi cho phep de lai cdc dUdng dng chdn n g l m dudi nen ddy bien.
+ Cdng tdc v l sinh, quan trie mdi trudng eCia md trudc, trong va sau qud trinh hCiy md.
Thdng thudng, theo thdi gian khai md, cdc g i l n g khoan dUpc ddng vd hCiy trudc t i l n , ede cdng trinh bien se duoc c I t vd thu hdi eiling vdi qud trinh huy md. Do vdy, vile ddng, c I t vd huy g i l n g se dupc Uu t i l n thyc hien ngay tii khi cdc gilng khoan da dupc xde nhdn h i t mue dich sddung.
2. ThUc hien cong tac huy md d V i l t Nam hien nay 2. T. Hdy gieng d Vietsovpetro
Hien tai, Vietsovpetro dang d i l u hanh khai thdc cdc md Bach Hd, Rdng, Nam Rdng Ddi Mdi vdi khodng gan 400 g i l n g bd tri tren hon 30 gian khoan cd djnh, gian cdng nghe, gidn nhe vdi hang nghin km dUdng dng cdng n g h i Idn nhd dan nudc, dau vd khi lien k i t gida cae cdng trinh b i l n vdi nhau va dan khi ve d I t lien. Trong tuong lai
g i n , Vietsovpetro dang thuc hien k l hoach dUa tilp mflt sd md nCra vdo khai thdc nhu: G l u TrIng, Meo TrIng, TTiifin Lfng... vd dang t i l p tue q u i trinh tim kilm, thdm ddva phdt t r i i n cdc md khde t r i n t h i m luc dia Vilt Nam. Ngoii ra, Vietsovpetro vd cdc cdng ty d l u khde d Viet Nam se trien khai cdng tdc tim k i l m , thdm dd vd khai thdc dlu khi d cdc vung nudc s l u . Nhu vly, sd luong g i l n g vd cac cong trinh b i l n t i l p tuc tang l l n , do dd chi phi huy md eung se tang len tuong Cfng.
V I tdi chinh, quy hdy g i l n g cho md Bach Hd dUOC Bo Cdng Thuong p h i d u y l t Id hon 1 t j USD {nam 2009) va eho md Rdng vd Nam Rdng Ddi Mdi theo k l hoach trinh Bd Cdng ThUong Id g i n 700 t r i l u USD. NhU vay, quy tai chinh ddnh cho hCiy hai md ciia Vietsovpetna da len td g i n 2 ty USD. Thyc t l d l y Id sd t i l n rat Idn, nhlt Id v#
dat nude dang phdt t r i i n nhu V i l t Nam nen viec dau tif lya chpn cdng n g h i hOy md hpp 1;^, hieu q u i cao ratc5n dupe quan t i m . Ngodi ra, cdc quy djnh phdp l u l t liin quan den huy md cung c I n dupe d i l u chinh, siTa ddi eho phii hpp vdi thuc t i l n phdt t r i i n nhanh chdng cOa khoa hoc ky t h u l t vd cdng n g h i nhu h l l n nay.
22 Dili KHl-sd 7/2012
PETROVIETNAM
Trong cac ndm 2007 - 2012, Vietsovpetro dd thUe hi^n t h y n g h i l m hCiy d mdt sd gilng t r i n ede gidn cd djnh nhU g i l n g khoan 35-MSPl, 63 vd 79-MSP3,82,87 va 84-MSP4, 1020-MSP10. Odng thdi, Vietsovpetro da thiet Idp " K l hoach buy md" cho ede md Bach Hd, Rdng va Nam Rdng Doi Mdi. Ngodi phan huy gieng dd cd sy chuan bj n h l t djnh ve mat edng n g h i thi viec hCiy cdc cdng trinh b i l n , dudng dng d i n vd cac p h l n khde v l n edn nhieu phyc tap do ehua cd cdc sd lieu thue t l de tinh sdt, tinh dii chi phi eho cac qud trinh thi cdng. Tuy nhiin, budc d l u khi thyc h i i n cdc cdng vile tren cho p h I p n l u ra mdt sd v l n d l sau:
Vln de xy 1^ cIn khai thdc, t h i l t bi Idng g i l n g vd dung cu ket trong gieng
Theo Quy e h l sd 37/2005/QD-BCN [3] (goi t i t la Quy che 37-BCN)"Bdo qudn vd hCiy bd g i l n g khoan d l u khi"do Bd Cdng Thuong ban hdnh, khdng chl rd la b i t bude phdi thu hoi h i t hay cho phep d l lai t h i l t bj Idng gieng va doan eIn khai thdc ed chieu dai hpp ly trong gilng khoan khi hCiy. Van de Id n l u bd can khai thac (tubing/thilt bj Idng gieng) dupc sy dung trong nhilu ndm, ed the da trai qua nhieu lan xCf ly can day g i l n g bdng cac phuong phdp khde nhau de gia tang sdn luong thu hdi d l u thi se trd nen kem ben. Bp eIn khat thdc cd t h i bj duft d bat cy dp slu ndo khi keo, nen viee thu hdi vUa tdn kem vya ed dd rCii ro eao. Do vay, viec de lai bd can khai thac trong Idng gieng cIn p h l i dupc tinh d e n . D l lai bd cIn khai thIc vdi chilu dai hpp ly, chung ta cd the t i l t k i l m d i n g ke thdi gian lap dat vd thdo dd t h i l t bi doi dp, thdi gian nhieu lan keo thd cIn khoan khi do cau xi mang... Dac biet h i l u qud khi sy dung gian t y ndng de hCiy gieng tren cdc gidn nhe vdn cd chi phi cao gap 3 - 5 lan chi phi t r i n gidn ed djnh.
Ngoai ra, cd nhilu sy eo khac xay ra trong qud trinh sda gieng, do dja vdt 1^ ke cd khi huy g i l n g . . . de lai thiet bj, dung cu d trong gieng, thi khi dd v i i c x(i ly nhanh chdng vd chat lupng b I n g cau xi mang d cle trudng hpp ndy eIn dupc uu t i l n I p dung thay vi t r i i n khai dng cdu sy cd.
Xde dinh chilu sau c I t gieng khoan, cdng trinh b i l n
Trong Quy c h l 37-BCN (Dilu 19, mue 2 [3]) quy i^nh bat budc cat va thu hdi toan bd d l u g i l n g n g l m , cdt dng chdng cCia gieng khoan dudi ddy bien tdi t h i i u 3m. Hien Vietsovpetro dang q u I n I;? ede md ed chieu s l u mue nude bien khodng 40 - 60m thi vile c I t vd thu hdi ede edng trinh b i l n dUdi ddy b i l n h l u nhu khdng gap khd khan.
Tuy nhien, khi Vietsovpetro vd Ngdnh D l u khiViet Nam
t i l n ra ede vOng nude slu hon (ty 120m d i n hdng nghin m I t nudc) thi quy djnh ndy cIn dupe xem x l t linh hoat hon. Bdi v l mat cdng n g h i v l n cd t h i thyc h i i n nhung chi phi cdt dudi ddy b i l n eao hOn nhilu l l n so vdi elt tr^n ddy b i l n . Nhu vdy, x^t v l hi|u qud tdi chinh thi nhd d l u t u se eIn nhic vl ehi phi d i l u hdnh eho ede viling nude sdu se tdn k i m g i p hdng chuc l l n so vdi viing nude ndng.Trong khi dd, ele ly do ehinh d i n g d l quylt djnh ehilu slu e l t thu hdi cdng trinh b i l n nhUvIn 6^ an todn hdng hdi, ddnh bdt hdi sdn d chilu slu ndy it ho^e h l u nhu khdng bj dnh hudng. Do vly, ede edng ty d l u d Vi|t Nam cIn nhanh chdng dUpc hudng dSn cu t h i hOn 6^ cd t h i yIn t i m d l u tuvd hoat ddng l l u ddi hon t r i n lanh thd nudc ta.
Vln d l gidi phdp elt vd thu hdi 6ng chdng D i l u 19, muc 3d cua Quy c h l 37-BCN quy djnh: "phdi cdt vd thu hdi tiing dng ehdng..."trong khi t r i n t h i gidi da dp dung hieu qud cdng nghe cdt nhilu Idp dng eiing Idc bdng tia nUde dp lye cao cd hat mdi, b I n g min nd hay b I n g cUa hpp kim. Do vdy, vi^c quy djnh chat che ede d i l u khodn Idm cdc cong ty dau gap nhieu khd khan khi thyc hien. Trudc ddy d\fletsovpetro, h l u h i t ede cot dng chdng d l u dupe tram xi mang tdi mieng, cdc Idp dng thudng gan k i t vdi nhau n§n vi^c e l t vd thu hdi tyng dng vya phyc tap vya khd thyc hien. Do vay, gidi phdp edng nghe vya don gidn quy trinh, vUa t i l t kiem thdi gian lan chi phi can dupc coi la gidi phap toi uu hon.
- Vln d l xd ly chat thdi t r i n cac cdng trinh bien Ta b i l t rang, cho dii gilng khoan dd can k i l t sdn pham khai thdc vd cd the dUa vdo buy, nhung thyc te ben trong gieng va bd can khai thdc van edn nhilu d l u thd, paraffin... Vile bom tuan hoan trong gilng, keo vd thu hdi bd cIn khai thdc se dua l l n b l mat nhilu sin pham khd xy ly. Trong khi d Quy c h l 37-BCN h l u nhu chua de cap den v l n d l ndy, do vly, viec cho phep bom ^p sdn p h I m d l u md d u trd lai via eIn dupe tfnh d i n nhu Id gidi phdp xii \y c h i t thdi tdi Uu.
Dupc biet, cac edng ty d l u d bien Bic (North Sea) dang hodn thien quy trinh edng n g h i , xay dung hang rao phap ly vd dUa ra cdc tieu ehuIn, quy djnh r l t chat che va khoa hpc v l vi§e bom c h i t thdi ciia qua trinh khoan, khai thdc trd lai vdo via sdu nhdm g i l i q u y l t bai todn mdi trudng ngay tai gilng khoan thay vi chuyen c h i t thdi v l bd d l xd ly (vya tdn kem, phyc tap md v l n khdng bao d i m mdi trUdng).
Mdt so v l n de khIe
DAU KHl so 7/2012 23 '
THAM DO - KHAI THAC D A U KH[
Trong thyc t l khi thy nghi|m hCiy m^t sd g i l n g khoan, Vietsovpetro cung gap m^t sd v l n d^ khde nhU:
sy dnh hudng thy e l p eOa qud trinh p h l n r l thdnh p h l n polymer vdn Id loai hda p h I m khdng t h i t h i l u trong qud trinh chuIn bj dung djeh khoan hOy g i l n g g l y ra l i n g dpng pha eCfng vd qud trinh dn mdn thd d p , hole v l n di xic dinh chilu s l u hpp ly d l dye 16 bom I p xi mang n h I m t r i l t huy dp suit du(dp suit giya ede c$t dng ehdng) dupc quy djnh rd d D i l u 19, mue 3b eCia Quy c h l 37-BCN "dye dng chdng sdt b i n dudi d l u gilng..."
2.2. Cdng tdc hdy md b cdc cdng ty ddu khde Hang loat ede edng ty d l u h i | n dang d i l u hdnh ede md Idn nhd d Vilt Nam nhu: Cuu Long JOC, Hoang Long Hoan Vu JOC's, Lam Son JOC, JVPC, PVEP POC... dang tyng budc thuc h i i n cdc p h l n vile l i i n quan d i n hOy g i l n g vd huy md theo quy dinh eua Lult D l u khi Vilt Nam vd cdc vdn bdn dudi l u l t do Bd Cdng ThUOng, Tip dodn D l u khi Viet Nam ban hdnh. Cde edng ty d l u khi da t h i l t Idp vd nhan dUOc sy phe duy^t eua Chinh phu Vi§t Nam cle " K l hoach buy md". Mdt sd cdng ty d l u nhu JVPC, Cuu Long JOC... da thuc hien huy mdt vdi gilng khoan khai thdc thdi gian g i n day, cdn huy cae g i l n g khoan tim k i l m thdm dd dUpc coi Id vile thdng thudng.
Do dd, cd the khIng dinh r i n g cde edng ty dau khi d Viet Nam deu thu nhdn dupc nhieu kinh nghiem vd ed sU t i l p can van de hOy gilng huy md theo cdc phuong phdp vd cdng nghe khde nhau. Vi^e tdng kit, trao ddi k i t qud thyc hien cung nhu dat dupe sU thdng n h l t v l ndi dung elc de xuat sda ddi vd bd sung elc quy dinh v l huy md d l trinh Chinh phu Viet Nam xem x l t thyc sy e l p thiet vd c I n dupe t i l n hdnh cdng sdm edng tdt.
3. Ket luan
1 Vile xdy dung dupc cde quy trinh cdng n g h i - ky thudt ehuIn phuc vu cho edng t i c huy md d l u khi I I mong mudn vd Ipi ich cua tat cd cdc cdng ty dang tham gia dieu hanh ede md d l u d Viet Nam nhdm g i l m t h i l u rdi ro cung nhu d u tinh dupc p h l n chu y i u ehi phi l i i n quan d i n huy md.
2. Viec t i l p can vd thu nhdn nhufng k i l n thyc mdi trong hCiy md la can t h i l t nhdm ddm b l o qua trinh hCiy md h i l u qud vdi ehi phi t h i p nhat ed t h i .
3. Viee x l y dyng dupc cdc chi phi co bdn lien quan den huy md se giup cdc cdng ty d l u d y tinh va cIn ddi
dupe ede ngudn vdn d l u t u c h o tilmg giai do^n phdttit^
md, nhdm g i l l q u y l t hdi hda bdi t o l n Ipi ich ci^a cdngty d l u kh( vd eOa Chinh phO Vl|t Nam.
4. Ki£n nghj
Thdi gian g i n dly, ky t h u l t vd cdng n g h i thyc hl$n hCiy g i l n g huy md d l u khi d Vi$t Nam d l cd nhCfng biAic phdl t r i i n d i n g k l , do v l y r l t c I n t h i l t td chyc tdng kit vd trao ddi kinh n g h l | m giQa cic edng ty d l u dang ho^t d<>ng d V i l t Nam vdi cdc nhd qudn ly, cdc nhd khoa hoc l i i n quan d i n edng tde thu don md d T|p dodn Dlu khi Qudc gia Vi^t Nam, Bd Cdng ThUong, B$ Khoa hpc vi Cdng n g h | , BdTdi nguyin Mdi trufmg..., nhdm td chycvi qudn ly- cdng vi$c h i | u qud hon nOfa.
Tdllilu tham k h i o
1. Ludt Ddu khi Viit Nam. Thu tudng Chinh phii ViJt Nam ky q u y l t djnh ban hdnh, h i l u lye t y ngdy 7/7/1955 vd dupc sda ddi, bd sung vdo ngdy 9/6/2000.
2. Quy chi bdo qudn vd huy bd gling khoan. Bo m/dng BO Cdng nghiip ky q u y l t dinh ban hdnh sd 37/2005/QD- BCN ngdy 25/11/2005.
3. Quyet djnh vi viic thu don cdc cdng trinh cd iM, thiet bj vd phuang tiin phuc vu hogt ddng dau khi. Thii tudng Chinh phu ky q u y l t djnh ban hdnh sd 40/2007/QD- TTg ngdy 21/3/2003.
4. Quy chi an todn trong cdc hogt ddng dau khi. Thu tudng Chinh phCi ky q u y l t dinh sd 41/1999/QD/rrg ngiy 8/3/1999.
5. Regulation on abandonment and suspension ofoH and gas wells. Vietnam Oil and Gas Coporation. Hanoi, 1999.
u. Quy chi tam thdi hdy giing cdc md ciia Lien doani) Vlit - Nga 'Vietsovpetro' BP Cn-93-11 dUpe lanh ctao Vietsovpetro p h i d u y l t nam 2011.
B 2 4 DAU KHl-sd 7/2012
