LUAT QU6C TE
PHAP D I £ N H O A TLT P H A P QUOC TE BI VA MOT SO GOI Y DOI VCH VIET NAM
NGO QUOC CHIEN*
Tom t&t
Bdi viet phdn tich thifc trgng tu phdp qu6c ti Bi tnf&c khi co B$ ludt Tu phdp qudc ti, mgc dich, dSitttgng, phgm vi dieu chinh vd cdu true cua BQ lugt Tuphdp quoc ti Bi ndm 2004, tren ca sd do di ra mgt s6 kiin nghi cho VietNam.
Tir khoa: tuphdp quoc te, hiin dgi hoa tuphdp quoc te, phdp dien hoa tuphdp quoc te, cdu true bg lugt tu phdp qudc te
The author analyzes the situation of private international law in Belgium prior to the Code of Private International Law as well as the objectives, subject, scope and structure of the Belgian 2004 Code of Private International Law, then offers some recommendations for Vietnam.
Keywords: private international law, modernization of private international law, codification of private international law, structure of the Code on Private International Law
T
U phap qudc te (TPQT) la mdt nganh ludt dgc bidt, bdi ddy la mgt ngdnh lugt didu cliinh cdc quan he ddn su (QHDS) qudc td, nhung ngudn eua nd la|,dugc edu fednh chu ydu td cac van bdn lu$t qudc gia. ()uy djnh cua cdc qudc gia cd fed gjdng nhau, nhung eung ed fed khdc ifeau, thdm chi mdu feuan nbaa Chfnh dilu nay gay tdm ly e nggi cho ede ehu fed khi feam gia cac QHDS qudc te. Dd gidi quyet vdn dd ndy, da cd nhung nd lyc tu rdt sdm fedng nhdt lugt ngi dung vd li4t xung dot Tuy nhien, bat ehdp cdc nd lyc duge feye hign td ban mdt fed iQf qua, sd cdc didu ude quIc t l (DLTC^T) didu chinh QHDS feeo nghia rOng ehua nhieu, ttong khi cdc giao dich ddn sy quoc t l lgi ngdy cdng tang, ddi hdi phdi dugc phdp li4t didu chinh dd tgo su an todn phdp ly cho cdc chu fed. Vi vdy, ben cgnh vide feam gja vdo edc Dl/QT vd TPQT, cdc qudc gja edn xdy dung Ludt TPQT d l dilu chinh edc QHDS cd ylu td nude ngoai.Klido sdt xu fei phap didn hda TPQT tren fed ffdi cho fedy, tham gia cde DlTQT vd TPQT Id cdn thilt, nhung khdng du bdi mdi qudc gia cd he fedng chinh trj, kinh te, xa hgi, tmydn thing, vdn hda ridng. Khdng phdi ng^u nhien khi ntiidu nude da Ifedng ngdng xdy dyng vd hodn tiiidn hg fedng TPQT ciia nMx hong nhihig nam gdn
^ y . Mdt nua thi 1^ qua nhdn logi ^ dugc ehdng kidn mgt fedi ky % p t i ^ TPQT tang '*Dang
sudt" nlidt trong Ijch sd,' vdi hon ba muai quoc gja va viing lanh fed cd ludt ridng vd TPQT. 6 chdu A cd Nhdt Bdn,^ Tiung Qudc,^ Ddi Loan,*
Han CJudc,^ Cgnghda Yemen,^ Azerbaidjan,' I h d Nhi Ky,* Thdi Lan.^ C( chdu E)ai duong cd Oc.'"
CJ chau Au ed Bi," Italy,'^ Ihuy Si,'^ tid Lan,"
' TS, giing vien Khoa Lu^t, Trudng DH Ngo^i thuong, thinh vien Trung tam Nghien cuu phip lu|it cbiu Au v i qudc tfi (GERCIE), DH Tours, CH Phip.
' Symeon C. Symeonides, Codifying Choice of Law Around the World: An International compartive Analysis, Oxford University Press, 2014, tr. 49.
^ Lu^t ve cic nguySn t i c chung v^ i p dyng lu$t ngiy 5/6/2006 ciia Nhit Ban.
^ Lu^t ve ap dyng luit cho cic quan h^ dan sy cd y^u to nude ngoai ciia nude Cdng hda Nhin dSn Trung Hoa ngiy 28/10/2010,
* Lu^t ve ap dyng luit cho cic quan h^ cd ylu to nude ngoai ngay 6/6/1953, sau dd dugc thay thi b§ng Lu9t ngiy 30/4/2010, cd bi&i luc tir 26/10/2010.
' Lu^t v^ quan h? dan sy cd y&i td nude ngoii ngiy 6/9/1995.
* Lu$t ve TPQT ngay 29/3/1992.
' Luit ngiy 6/6/2000 ve TPQT.
«Luit sd5718ngay 27/11/2007 vg TPQT v i t i tyng quIc te thay thS cho Lu^t sd 2675 ngay 20/5/1982 ve TPQT va to tyng qu6c te.
^ Lu4t vh xung dgt luit BE2481 nam 1938.
'»Foreign Judgments Act 1991, Act No. 112 of 1991.
" Lu^t ngiy 16/7/2004 ban hanh Bd luat TPQT.
'^ Lu4t si 218 ngay 31/5/1995 vS cai each h$ thong TPQT.
'^ Lu|t liSn bang ve TPQT ngiy 18/12/1987.
'•* Lu|t ngay 19/5/2011 phip dien hda cic quy ph^m xung dgt vao Quyen thu 10 BLDS.
68 T ^ P C m K H O A H Q C P H A P L^ SO 06 (109)/2017 Duc,'^ Ao,'* Uechtenstem," Ba Lan,'* Sec,^'
Bulgaiy,^ Hungaiy,^' Thi Nhi Ky,^ Anh qudc,^
Slovenia,^'' Estonia,^ Macedonia,^ Montenegro,"
Roumanie,^* Nga.^ CJ chdu My ed Venezuela,*
Cgng hoa Dominica, CJuetKC,^' Bang Louisiana.^^
CI chdu Phi cd Tunisie^l'^
6 Met Nam, ntiidu ngudi, ttong do ed ehung tdi, cho rdng Mdt Nam cd fee gidi quydt cde van dd trdn fedng qua vide xdy dung mdt dgo ludt v l TPQT^* dd vira logi bd cdc chdng cheo.
'= Luat ngiy 25/7/1986 cii cich TPQT va Lu^t ngay 21/5/1999 v i TPQT di^n chinh cac quan h? ngoai hgp ddng v i quan hg tii san.
'* Luat lien bang ve TPQT (IPR-Gesetz) ngiy 15/6/1978.
" Lu$t vk TPQT ngay 19/9/1996.
'«Luat v6 TPQT ngay 12/11/1965, sau do dugfc thay the bang Lu^t TPQT ngiy 16/5/2011
" Luat sd 97 ve TPQT v i td tyng ngiy 4/12/1963 ciia CH S6c v i Slovakia. Luit niy sau dd dugc tiiay fli^ bing Luat s6 91 ngiy 25/1/2012 vg TPQT va to tyng v i dugc ip dung tai CH Sec.
^ Lu^t so 42 ve TPQT va td tyng dan sy quoc t l ngiy 4/5/2005, sau do dugc sura ddi va thay the bing Lu^t sd 59 nim 2007.
" s i c lu^t sd 13/1979 ciia H^i ding Chii tich nude CHND Hungary vS TPQT ngiy 31/5/1979.
^ Luit v^ TPQT nam 1982
" Luit ciia Vuong qu6c Anh vh cac quy djnh TPQT (Private International Law (Miscellaneous Provisions
^ C ( ) ngay 8/11/1995.
" Luat ngiy 30/6/1999 vS TPQT va td tung.
" Luat ve TPQT ngiy 27/3/2002.
=« Luat v^ TPQT ngiy 4/7/2007.
=' Luat ve TPQT ngiy 23/ 12/ 2013.
=' Luat so 105 ngay 22/9/1992 v6 quan h | TPQT, sau do dugc siia ddi v i phip diln hda vio Quyen thii VII Bd luat dan su v i Lu^t sd 134 ngiy 15/7/2010 ban hanh Bg lu|t T 6 tyng din s u .
" Luat lien bang so 146ngay 26/11/2001 tiii hinh phan thii ba BLDS Nga (cic diSu tu 1186 din 1224 cila Thiln flid VI, Phin thii Ba BLDS Nga).
>" Luat v l TPQT ngiy 6/8/1998.
^' Luit ngiy 18/12/1991 phap diln hda TPQT vao QuySn t h i 10 ciia B9 lugt d ^ su Quebec.
^^ Quyen thd 10 v l QHDS cd ylu to nude ngoai, Bg lu|t Dan sy Bang Lousiana.
" Luat s i 98-97 ban hinh Bd luat TPQT ngiy 27/11/1998.
» Lu|tsd544-14ngiyl5/10/2014banhanhLu?tTPQX
" Xem, chang ban: L€ Thi Nam Giang, "De xu^t xSy dyng Luat Tu phap qudc te ", Nghien cdu Igp phdp, sd 18, 2013; Ngd Qudc Chiln, "Vi?t Nam cin xay dyng Lu|t Tu phip quIc t l " , Nghien cuu Lap phdp, s6 2 va 3, 2016; Ngjiydn Khinh Nggc (chii bifin), Co sd ly lugn vd thifc tien x^ dung Lugt Tuphdp quoc ti, D I tai nghien ciiu cap Bd (Bg Tir phap), 2016.
mdu feudn, vua sda ddi, bd sung cdc quy djnh cho phii hgp hon. Trong bdi vilt nay, chdng tdi se nghidn cuu feye tien xdy dung Bd li4t TPQT Bi, nude dugc coi Id da phap didn hda fednh edng TPQT vd dugc ntiidu nude ttdn fei gidi ttiam khdo, dd dua ra mOt sd ggi y ddi vdi Yiet Nam.
1. Thyc tien xdy dirng Bg ludt Tir phdp q u i c t i
Sau khi khdo sdt feyc ttgng TPQT Bi ttudc khi cd Bg ludt TPQT nam 2004, ehdi^ tdi se phan tich myc dich (1), ddi tugng dieu ehinh (2) vd cdu true (3) eua Bg luat ndy.
LI. Tht^ trg.ng twphdp quoc te Bi trudc khi cd B§ lugt Tie phdp quSc ti nam 2004
Trudc 2004, ede quy djnh dugc dgt rdi rdc ttong nhilu van bdn khdc nhau, cu va khdng day du. Lidn quan ddn xdc djnh^hdp ludt dp dung, quy pham xung dgt (QPXD) tao nen tang cho TPQT Bi chi Id dilu 3 BLDS nam 1804 md ngudi Bi diing cda ngudi Phdp vd td do eho den khi cd ludt TPQT chua cd sy feay ddi. Trong khi dd cdc QHDS da thay ddi ea ban. Sy djch chuydn xuydn bidn gidi ciia ngudi vd tdi sdn trd nen de ddng vd da dgng hon nhieu so vdi fedi 1^ ddu fed k^ XIX. Bi, ciing nhu mdt so nude chdu Au, da ehdng kidn mdt trdo luu di cu manh me, dac bi^t la cua nhung ngudi khdng cd van hda chdu Au den.
Phdp lu|t cua nhiing nude nay dd thich ling vdi nhimg bidn ddi do bdng cdch uu tidn sd dyng hg feudc ludt cu tru feay cho he feu^c ludt quoc tjch, dae bidt Id trong lufe vuc hdn nhdn vd gia ^ n h .
Phdn Idn cdc gidi phdp duge dp dyng deu bat ngudn td qud tiinh gidi thich plidp lu|it cda co quan tu phdp vdn etuu dnh hudng rdt ton eiia hge ly. Trong bao cao cua minh, Tham chinh vien Bi da ndu b|,t sy thieu hyt edc quy djnh ve TPQT vd nhiing quy dinh tiidn cd, dd it, nhung Ifedng ptidi lue ndo ciing fedng nhat vdi nhau.
^h khac phyc sy khilm khuydt ndy, nam 1996, Bd trudng Tu p h ^ Bi da yeu cdu edc gido su Johan Erauw ciia Dgi hgc Cient, vd Marc Fallon, cua DH Cdng gido Louvain, ti|n hdnh nghiSn cdu khd ndng phdp didn hda cac quy dinh rdi lac cua TPQT Bi vdo tixmg mdt chinh fei feong
LUAT QUOC TE 69 nhat^^ Dy dn ludt duge trinh len Nghi vign xem
xdt dya ehd ylu vdo kit qud nghien cdu ndy.
Trong qud trinh nghien cdu xdy dyng dy ttido Lu|.t TPQT, nhiing ngudi Ifedi xudng da tidn hdnh femn khdo y kiln ciia cdc thdm phdn, ludt su, cdng ehung vidn vd nhiing ngudi lianh nghd vd nghidn cuu lu|.t. Dy fedo ludt da trinh Idn Chinh phd chinh sua, Idy y kidn cua Ttiam ehinh Vign. Du tlido da dugc cd 14 fednh vidn ddng y trinh len N ^ vidn, nhung bdo eao gidi trinh chi dugc 10 fednh vidn fedng qua.
L2. Mifc dich cua Bp lugt Tie phdp quae tkBi
Bdt dau ed hidu lyc tu 01/10/2004, Bg ludt TPQT Bi duge coi Id "Bg ludt cda cdc nhd bdc hgc"" vda khidm tin vda tham vgng. Khidm
^ n vi nhiing ngudi sogn thdo khdng xdy dung Bd ludt fednh mgt cdng trinh hge feudt cd tinh cdch mgng phd vo cdc ndn tang truyin fedng cua TPQT, md thdnh mgt edng ey c6 khd nang dd dang dp dung ttong feyc tida Tham vgng, v\ Bd hiat da tap hap ttong mdt tdng fed fedng nhdt cdc quy djnh vd cdc ngudn phdp ludt rdi rdc vd tu phdp qudc t l tgi Bi, mdt vide khdng he dd ddng md nhilu nude tren fee gidi chua lam dirge. Nhdm tdc gid ciing da sd dyng cde each tilp cdn mdi cua TPQT hidn dgi, tinh ddn tinh feye tien nhidu hon, fedng qua vi^c dua ra cdc quy djnh mim ddo vd xdc dinh phdp lugt dp dyng.^^
Bd ludt TPQT Bi feeo dudi ba myc dich ehmh: ro rang, fedng nhdt (1.2.1), thich dng dugc vdi cdc biln dOng ciia fedi dgi (1.2.2), fedc ddy hOi nhdp qudc t l (1.2.3).
^ Ngoii ra cdn cd sy tham gia tich eye cua cic giio su D@ nghi him nhu Frangois Rigaux vi Georges van Hecke, Hans van Houtte (DH Cdng giio Louvain), Monique Lienard-Ligny (DH Li^ge), Johan Meeusen
^ H Instelling Antweipen) vi Nadine Watt6 (DH Ty do Bruxelles). Xem: Tai li?u si 2-1225/1 k^: hgp 2001-2002 ciia Nghj vign Bi cdng bl ngiy 01/07/2002. Ngudn:
trang web ciia Nghi vign Bi: https://BTvw.senate.be/
www/?MIvaI=/publications/viewPubDoc&TID=3361 7574&LANG=fi#n2, tmy cip ngay 22/5/2017.
" M. Vervidlghen, Vers un Code beige de droit internationalprive (Hudng tdi mQt Bg ludt Tuphdp quoc tiBi), Trav. com. fr. dip, 1998-2000, Paris, 2001, tr. 131.
5' N. Wattfi, Le droit internationalprive, J.T., 2000, tr 34.
1.2.1.Muc^chthurdiat:Rordngvddeti^cdn MOt van bdn sinh ra Id de dugc dp dung. D I dugc dp dung, khdng chi twi ngudi Bi, md cdn cd nguoi nude ngodi ktii cpian h^ ciia hg ed hen quan ddn ngudi Bi hoac nude Bi, thi van bdn ludt TPQT phdi du ro rdng de mgi ngudi ddu c6 fei tidp can dugc. Vi vdy, cde nha sogn fedo Bg lu^t da uu tidn tiudc hdt vide t ^ hgp vdo trong mgt van ban duy nhdt gan nhu tat ed cdc quy dinh vd TPQT cua Bi, md tiudc dd ndm rdi rdc ttong cdc van bdn khde nhau, vd vilt 1^ cdc quy dinh ndy feeo hudng dan gian, dl hidu ban. Cde quy djnh ptidi du ehi tidt d l dp dyng eho cdc tinh huong eu fed, nhimg ciing phdi ddm bdo mdt sy mdm deo nhdt djnh eho phep toa dn hogc ede CO quan hdnh chinh fedn gidi chiing cho phd hgp vdi sy feay ddi ttong tuong lai, ed tinh den xu hudng plidt triln cua TPQT cua nude ngodi.
Ngodi ra, Bg ludt edn dugc hudng ddn thi hdrfe fedng qua cdc vdn bdn hudng dan duge Bd Tu phdp xdy dyng vdi su ttiam gia cda cdc gido su hdng ddu vd TPQT. Didm dang luu y niia Id vi B$ ludt cd nhidu thay ddi v l he feudc ludt dugc sd dyng trong cdc (JPXD ndn trong cung mOt QHDS, trudc ddy cd fei chiu su didu ehinh cua phdp lugt nude A, thi feeo cdc quy djnh mdi lai chju su dilu chinh cua nude B. Dd trdnh sy xdo trgn ndy, Bd li4t TPQT Bi chi dp dung cho cdc quan hd phdt sinh sau ngay Bd lu$t c6 hidu luc.
Tuy nhidn, khi tda dn Bi phdi dp dyng phdp lugt nude ngodi vd phdp ludt nude ngodi ciing cd sy feay ddi sau khi xdc Idp quan he phdp ludt dang can dugc gidi quylt, thi khd ndng dp dung feeo fedi gian phdp lugt nude ngodi nay cdn phdi dugc xdc djnh feeo phdp ludt cua chinh nude ngodi dd.
1.2.2. Mvc dich thu hai: Thich imgdiigcvdi bien dpng cua thdi dgi
Vi$c tdp hgp cdc quy djnh rd rdng, dd tilp can vdo ttong mOt bd ludt la ehua du. Dd ndng eao hi^u qud dilu chinh eua Bd ludt tiii cdc quy djnh ndy con phdi hidn dgi vd cd khd nang thich dng dugc vdi cdc biln ddng cda fedi dgi. BO ludt TPQT Bi da tinh ddn bin ylu td phdt triln.
ITiu nhdt, Bd ludt da tmh din quyin cua tda dn gidi thich ludt. Bi la mgt nude feeo he fedng ludt fednh van giong Phdp vd tda an Bi khi
70 T ^ c m KHOA HQC P H A P L * S 6 06 (109)/2017 xet xu phdi dya ttdn van bdn ludt. Tuy nhidn,
trong feuc tidn xet xd, khdng hidm tiudng hgp toa an phdi gidi thich hoac bd khuydt cdc quy dinh eua lugt. Quydn eua tda dn Bi ttong vigc gidi thich ludt khdng Idn nhu tda dn d Phdp.
Chhfe dilu ndy 1dm cho TPQT Bi khdng ddp ung dugc ddi hdi mdi nhu TPQT Phdp mgc du v l ca bdn cd ngudn gjdng nhau. Vi vdy, khd nhilu quy djnh mdi ttong Bg lugt TPQT Bi da ti30 quyin gidi thich cho tda an Bi khi gidi quylt cdc vu vide eu fed.
Thu hai, ban soan thdo cimg da feam khdo khd ntiidu bg phap didn hda TPQT d clidu Au.
Nhiing nam cudi fei ky XX duge ddnh ddu bdng mdt trdo luu phdp didn hda phdp lugt ndi ehung vd TPQT ndi ridng tai cdc nude Tay Au, cung nhu nhilu nude khdc trdn fee gidi, nhu Ha Lan, Due, Italy, Thyy ST, Liechtenstem, Tunisie, Venezuela... Xu fed mdi duge ghi nhgn la cdc lugt hogc bO lugt vd TPQT cua cde qudc gia ndy da su dyng nhidu ban hg feudc tu^t noi cu tru™ feay cho hd feuge ludt qudc tjch. C3iinh vi fed, Bd ludt da dae bidt nhdn mgnh tdm quan trgng ciia nguydn tdc v l mdi quan hdn he gdn bd iitidt vd coi noi feudng tni (ddi vdi cd nhdn) vd noi c6 hogt dgng cliinh (ddi vdi phdp nhdn), chu khdng phdi qudc tjch, Id hg feudc lugt quan trgng nhdt d l xdc djnh nang lyc vd cdc van d l ntidn fedn eua ehu fed, vd cd ttong ede Imh vuc nhu hdn nhdn, gia dinh vd feda kl.
77iu ba, nhiing nam cudi eua fed ky XX vd nhiing nam dau ciia fee ky XXI chdng kiln mgt su thay ddi can bdn vd chinh sdch Igp phdp hdn quan den qudc tjch vd xdc lap qudc tjch. Mgt mat, hd feuOc lugt qudc tjch da m^t dan vi tii uu tidn ttong cdc QPXD, dgc bidt trong Imh vyc hdn nhan, gja dhfe vd feda kl. Mat khdc, phdp li4t ciia nhidu qudc gja da dua ra cdc quy djnh tao feuan lgi eho thay ddi quIc tjch.
Jhu tu, vigc edi cdch TPQT fed hign mong muon thich dng ludt vdi cdc gid trj eo ban mdi ciia xa hOi. Cae nude nhu Italy hay Thyy ST da c6 nhiing bg phdp diln hda "hien dgi" vd
da tiiich dng cdc quy djnh cua TPQT cho phu hgp vdi cdc ydu cau mdi. Nhimg ydu cdu mdi do cung tdn tgi d Bi, nhu chung sdng nhu vg ehdng nhung khdng cd hdn feu, hdn nhdn ddng gidi, ly hdn feudn tinh, tdi sdn van hda...
Nhu vdy, TPQT Bi da co khde bigt can bdn so vdi TPQT Viet Nam vdn dugc xdy dyng dya ttdn hai nguyen tde ehinh la qudc tjch vd lanh fed, ttong do qudc tjch dugc uu tidn su dyng hon so vdi lanh fed ttong vige xdy dyng cdc QPXD. Nguydn tdc xdc djnh ludt fera tidn mdi hdn hg gdn bo nhdt diing Id da dugc ghi nhdn ttong BLDS nam 2005 vd dugc tang cudng trong BLDS nam 2015,"" nhung feeo ehung ^ i vdn edn de dgt vd ehua ctii tidt. That vgy, ben cgnh mOt nguydn tdc ehung neu tai khodn 3, Didu 664, BLDS ndm 2015 chi ed mdt vdi quy djnh vl mdi lidn hd gdn bd nhit cdn dugc ^ dung dd xdc djnh ludt cho mdt sd trudng hgp eu fed.^' Trong Idii do, tgi Bi day Id mgt nguydn tdc duge uu tidn ap dung so vdi nguydn tde quoc tieh.^^ Bang cdch uu tidn nguydn tac mdi hen bd gdn bo nhdt, TPQT Bi dudng nhu da cd mdt budc tidn ddi, feeo hudng quan tam diai ban chat vdn dd vd tinh feyc dung cdn cd trong khi gidi quylt cdc vy vide ddn sy ed ydu td nude ngodi. Mac du mdi lidn he gan bd nhdt la khdi nidm khd xdc dinh vd cd fei ddn tdi thfe trang mat an todn phdp 1^ do cdc toa dn khde nhau co fee ed edc dien gidi Ifede nhau, vd nhu v|iy dan tdi cdc kit qud khdc nhau, nhung day vdn la mOt nguydn tde dugc cho la dap dng tdt cde ddi hdi eiia feuc tien."*^
Bdn cgnh vide dua ra cdc hO feudc ludt dugc da sd ede qudc gia dp dung, Bg ludt TPQT Bi
" Xem chang han trong ITnh vyc nhin thin vi nang luc chil thi, bai vilt cua M. Fallon, "Une chronique anticipee du droit international prive de la famine", Tgp chi Droit familial, 1991, tr. 475-494.
•"> v l vin de niy, xem Nguyen Thanh Td vi Hoing Nggc Bich, "Moi liSn h§ gan bd nhdt trong xic djnh phip lu|it ip dyng doi vdi quan h | din sy cd yeu to nude ngoii theo B$ lu|t D ^ sy nam 2015 ", T^p chi Nhd nude vd Phdp ludt, s6 3, 2016.
^' Dilu 672 Cin cii xic dinh phip luit i p dung dii vdi ngudi khdng quoc tjch, ngudi cd nhilu quoc tich, khoan 2 Dilu 683 v l cich xich djnh phip lu|t ciia nude cd moi liSn hg gin bd nhit vdi hpp ddng.
•*= Chiing tdi ciing ^ nh|n quy djnh tuong ty lien quan den Imh vyc hgp dong trong tu phap qudc te Thyy Si. Xem: S. Besson, Droit international prive,
&se. 2, Univ. Gendve, tr. 15 v i hep theo.
"^ S. Besson, sdd, tr. 19.
LU^T QU6C Tt 71 cdn dua ra nhidu quy djnh vd cdng nhdn vd cho
tiii hdnh bdn an, quylt djnh ddn su eiia co quan tdi phdn nude ngodi, k l cd khi vy vi$c Id ddi tugng cua bdn dn chua dugc phdp ludt Bi quy dinh (clidng hgn nhu uy fede qudn ly tdi sdn - trust). Didu 22 Bg lugt quy dinh ro rdng "Qityet dinh tuphdp cda nude ngodi cd hi?u ly:c thi hdnh tqti Quoc gia nai quyet djnh do duac ban hdnh thi cung cd the dupe tuyen bd co gid tri thi hdnh todn bp hogc mpt phdn tgiBi, phu hap vai thu tiic td tung quy dinh tgi dieu 23 cua Bp ludt ndy". Nhu vdy, ede quylt djnh nude ngodi cd fei dugc cdng nhgn vd thi hdnh tgi Bi md khdng cdn gjfia Bi vd quIc gia do ed Dl/QT quy djnh vl vdn dk ndy.
Ben cgnh dd, BO ludt TPQT Bi cd nhiing quy djnh rat ey fed vl hi§u lue hoi td, dgc bidt hdn quan din cdng nhdn yd tiii hdnh quyet djnh nude ngodi. Vl nguydn tde, feeo Dilu 126, § 2, doan 1, BO lugt cM dilu cliinh vi^e cdng nhdn vd thi lidnh edc quydt djnh nude ngodi dugc ban hdnh sau ngdy 1/10/2004, fedi didm Bd ludt bdt ddu cd hidu lye. Tuy nhidn, ed fei dp dyng hoi t l cac quy djnh cda BO li4t nlu cae quy djnh nay feu^ Igi hon eho vide edng nhdn. Ndi cdch khde, mgt quylt djnh nude ngodi dugc lap trude ngdy 01/10/2004 van ed fei dugc edng ifedn vd eho thi hdnh tai Bi neu feda mdn edc dieu kidn ndu tgi dilu 126, § 2, doan 2.** Ngodi ra, quylt djnh nude ngodi khdng duge cdng nhdn feeo ludt cd cda Bi, vdn cd fei dugc cdng nhdn vd cho thi hdnh tai Bl ndu dsp ung duge ede quy djnh eiia lugt mdi.
1.2.3. Mifc dich thu ba: Thdc day hpi nh^
quocte
TPQT Id mgt ngdnh ludt md trong qud tiinh xdy dyng edc van bdn quy phgm phdp ludt cdu thdnh nguon cda nd, nhd lap phdp phai dae bidt tinh den xu fee phdt tridn eiia TPQT ciia edc nude Ifedc. Tinh qudc gia eiia mOt vdn bdn lugt qudc nOi khdng thd logi tru mOt tu tudng md, bdi cdc quy djnh ciia TPQT khdng chi dp dung cho cde cdng dan Bi md cdn cd ngudi nude ngodi. TPQT phdi tinh din edc lgi ich cua sy
** Trit trudng hgp d^ bigt lifin quan din hdn nhin ding gjdi: hdn nhan ding gidi 6 nude ngoii chi dugc cdngnh|n t^ii Bi ke tir ngiy 01/06/2003 (dilu 126, § 2, doan 3).
djch chuydn xuydn bidn gidi cua ngudi vd tdi sdn. Sy djch chuyen ndy ddi hdi phdi ed khd nang bdo ddm tot nhdt ed fed vide cdng nhdn cdc quydn da dugc xdc lap tai nude ngoai. Sy an todn phdp ly cho cdc giao djch ddi hdi rdng mdt quyen, chdng ban quyen tai sdn, dd dugc xdc lap hgp phap tgi nude A, khi ehu sd huu djch chuydn sang nude B thi quyen ddi vdi tdi sdn ciia ngudi ndy ciing ptidi dugc cdng nhan tgi nude B.
^^§c p t i ^ didn hda v l mgt hinh feuc eung cd fee gdp mgt phdn vdo tinh md. Trong feyc td, vide sdp xip cdc quy djnh lgi feeo cdc Imh vyc cu fee huge nhung ngudi feyc hdnh lugt phdi tinh ddn vide dp dyng phdp ludt nude ngoai.
Cdn vide thieu vdng cac quy dinh chuydn bidt se ddn tdi nguy ca tda dn dp dung phdp luat cua nude minh.
Ydu cdu vd hgi nhgp da cd tdc ddng kep din BO lugt Mdt mat, trong qud trinh xdy dyng cae gjd thiet vd cdc hd feudc lugt, ban sogn fedo da cd gdng khdng su dyng nhung feudt ngu qud dgc feu eua phdp ludt Bi sao cho cac quy phgm ndy dugc cd nhan, ca quan, td chuc nude ngodi sd dyng md khdng vdp phdi khd khan vd ngdn ngii. Mat khdc, hdn quan den cdc he feuge lugt, bO ludt tiep feu tdi da cd fed cdc xu hudng phdt tridn da duge ghi nhan ttong cdc D U Q T ve TPQT, kd ca cdc didu udc ma Bi chua gia nhdp, vd ttong cde bd phdp didn mdi nhdt vd TPQT.
Mac du phdi dam bdo tinh md nhu vdy, nhung vide phdp dien hda TPQT Bi cdng phdi ddm bdo sao cho ngudi Bi su dyng dugc BO lugt ma khdng "ngo ngang" vdi nhung tu ngu mdi.
L3. Boi tuyng ^u ehmh cua Bp lugt Tie phdp quoc te Bi
Bd ludt TPQT Bi dieu chinh tat cd cdc van dd dgt ra trong ITnb vyc ddn su va feuong mai cd YTNN cd vd xung dot phdp ludt, xung dot fedm quyen tdi phdn, eung nhu edng nhan vd thi hdnh quyet djnh nude ngodi. Bg ludt TPQT Bi Ifedng djnh nghia fee ndo la "dan sy vd feuong mai", bdi feeo nhiing nhd 1dm ludt, khdng fed dua m mdt dinh nghTa bao qudt hdt tat cd cdc quan he cd YTNN. Vide xac djnh mdt QHDS ttdn feyc td cd phdi Id QHDS hay feuong mgi co YTNN hay khdng dugc trao cho thdm phan.
72 T^LP CHI KHOA HQC P H A P LY SO 06 (109)/2017 1.4. cdu triic cua Bp lugt Tieph^ qudc tiBi
Vd edu true, BO ludt TPQT Bl bao gdm mudi ba chuong, cilia fednh cae myc vd tat ed 140 didu deu dugc ddt tdn ridng dd tdm tat nOi dung.
Ben cgnh cdc nguydn tac chung bao trum, cdn cd ede nguydn tdc chuydn bidt eho tiing nOi dung. Cdc ndi dung chuyen biet dugc xdy dung feeo fed ty: fedm quyin, hidu lue cua quyet djnh nude ngodi vd ludt dp dung.
Chuang I eua Bd lu|t quy djnh cdc nguydn tac chung ttong vigc xdc djnh quoc tjch, nai cu ti:u vd noi feudng tdx (dilu 3 va 4), thdm quyin tdi phdn qudc t l (cdc dilu tu 5 ddn 14), xung dOt phdp lu^t (cdc dilu td 15 din 21) vd hidu luc eua edc bdn an, quylt djnh ciia eo quan tdi phdn nude ngodi (cdc dilu tii 22 din 31). Cdc quy
£ n h chung ndu tgi Chuong 1 Id cdc nguydn tac bao trum dilu chinh cdc QHDS cd ylu t l nude ngodi, dugc im tidn dp dung nhung khdng logi tru ede quy djnh cho cdc Imh vyc chuydn bidt dugc quy djnh tgi cdc chuong sau eiia Bg ludt.
Cac ngi dung chuyen bidt ciia TPQT Bi dugc ndu tai cdc chuong II den XQ quy djnh ede nguydn tdc xdc djnh phap ludt vd xdc djnh thdm quydn tdi phdn vd nguydn tde cdng ntidn ban dn, quydt djnh dan sa dgc bidt cua nude ngodi: fei ntidn (cdc dieu td 32 den 41), hdn nhdn vd gja ffinh (cde ^ d u tii 42 ddn 57), quan hg nhan fedn giiia vg vd chong (ede dieu tu 58 din 60), giua cha me vd con cdi (cdc dilu tii 61 din 72), nghia vu cdp duong (cde dilu tii 73 din 76), feua kd (cdc dieu td 77 ddn 84), tdi san (cac didu td 85 ddn 95), nghia vy (cdc dilu tii 96 din 108), p h ^ nhdn (cde dieu tu 109 din 115), phd sdn doanh n g h i ^ (cdc dilu tii 116 din 121) vd cgnh tranh khdng Idnh mgnh (cdc dilu tii 122 din 125).
Chuong x m , cung la ehuong cuoi ciing ciia Bd lugt, chua eac quy djnh cbiofln tidp (cdc dilu 126 vd 127), sua ddi (cdc dilu td 128 den 138) vd bai ho (Dilu 139) ciing nhu cdc nguydn tdc ve fedi gian bdt ddu hieu luc ciia BO ludt (Bidu 140).
2. Ket Iv^n vd khuyin nghi dii vdi Y\^t Nam Cung gjdng nhu nhimg gi da xdy ra vdi Bi, qua hinh "Wet Nam hgi n h ^ qudc t l da lam ndy smh ngdy cdng nhilu cdc QHDS, hdn nhan vd gia dinh, feua ke, kinh doanh, feuong mgi, lao dgng gjua ca nlian, td chdc Met Nam vdi ed ntidn.
tb ehuc nude ngodi. Hidn nay cd ban bdn tiidu ngudi "S^et Nam dang smh sdng, lao dgng, hgc tap d nude ngodi.**^ Theo chilu i ^ i g c lgi, cd hdng ngan ngudi nude ngodi dang ed tni, sinh sdng, lamvi$c,hgct|5)tei\^dtNam. E)ilu ndy tdt ydu
^ i hdi Vi^ Nam piidi cd mgt he feong p b ^ ludt hoan ehinh dilu ehinh cdc QHDS eo YTNN.
Thdng qua vide n ^ e n cutu qud ttinh xdy dyng Bd ludt TPQT vd trdn ea sd edc n ^ & i cahi trudc do,* chiing tdi rut ra mgt sd kit lu|n ve sy cdn fliilt xdy dyng Ludt TPQT cd phgm vi didu cliinh rgng (2.11), yeu cdu hign dgi hda vd feyc dyng hda TPQT (2.2), gidm dO cung nhdc cua cdc QPXD va tang ttidm quyin cho tda an (2.3).
2.L S^ cdn thik xay d^g Lugt Tuphdp quoc te cdphgm vi diiu chink rpng
Vuong qudc Bi la mgt ttidnh vidn ciia Lidn minh chdu Au v l n cd hd fedng TPQT khd phdt tridn ttdn quy md lidn minh."" Ben
*' Hoa Hiiu Long, "Tdng quan phip luat Viet Nam vi time ngn thi hinh phip luit lign quan din quan h§ dan si^ cd ylu t6 nude i^oii", Tpa ^ m vl TJurc trgng Tuphap quoc ti Vi^
Nam vd lank n^ki^mNh^t Ban, B6 Tu ghip, thing 12/2013.
*^ Ngo Quoc Chien, "So sanh mgt so quy dinh chung cua TPQT Bi vi ViSt Nam", Nghien cuu Igp phdp, so 15 (271), thing 8/2014.
"Ve xung d§tth4m quyin c 6 : N ^ dinh (l]E)s61215/2012 cua Ngh) v i ^ chau Au vi Hgi dong (Mu Au n ^ y 12/12/2012 vl thim quyen xet xu, cong nl^n ^ dii hanh quyet dinh dan s\r vi thuong mai (thudng diryc gpi 13t li '^ruxeUes I bis"; N ^ diDh (CE) s6 44/2001 cua Hgi dong chau Au i ^ y 22/12/2000 ve thim quyin x ^ xur, cdng n h ^ vi flii hanh quyet dinh dSn sy vi thuongm^i (thudng duyc goi tat li "Bruxelles r*); N ^ diub (CE) si 2201/2003 cia H§i ding chiu Au ngiy 27/11/2003 vl thim q i Q ^ cong tih|n vi dii hanh cac quyet ^nb Irong
&ih vyc tai sin chung cia v? chong vi tiich nhiem cik cl^
m? bai bd N ^ # i h (CE) sd 1347/2000 (diuong duyc gpi tit li "Bnixelles ri bis"); Cong udc Braxelles nam 1968 vl thim quyen xet xu va thi hinh cic quyet djnh dan sy vi Ibuong 11191.
Vc xung d^t lu^t c6: Nghj djnh (UE) so 1259/2010 ciia H$i dong chau Au ngiy 20/12/zoio Irien kbai hyp lie iSng cuong trong_ M l vyc luat ip dyng cho ly hdn va ly ttiSn (thuong di^ic g9i tat la "Rome ID"); Nghi ^ (CE) s6 593/2008 ala N ^ vi|n chau Au vi HOi dong chiu Au ngiy 17 thing 6 vom 2008 ve luStip dyng cho cac nghia vy hop dong (thudng duycgpi tat li "Rome P*): Nghj dinh (CE) so 864/2007 ciia Nghi vi?n diiu Au vi Hdi ddng chSu Au ngiy 11/7/2007 vl luit ^ dyng cho cic ngMa vy ngoii hop ddng (diudng dugrc goi tit la "Rome IT*), v l xung dgt thim quyen vi xung dgt lu|t cd: Ngh) djnh njE) so 650/2012 ciia N ^ vipn chau Au vi Hdi dong chfiu Au ngiy 4/7/2012 ve thim quyto x^t xil, luit &p dung, cdng nhin vi dii hinh cic quyet djnh, c h ^ nh$n vi tiii hinh cac cdng chiing thu trong ffish vuc thua ki va 1^ chiing nh^n liiiia k^ chfiu Au; Nghi <M» (CE) s6 4/2009 ciia HOi d k g chiu Au ngay 18/12/2008 v6 thim quyen xhx xii, luit i^ dving, c6ng nh|n vi &i hinh cic quylt ^nh va hop tic trong linh vyc nghia W c ^ duong; Nghi (flnh (CE) sB 1346/2000 ciia Hpi d6ng chiu Au n ^ y 29/5/2000 vl ttni tyc phi san.
LUAT QU6C TE 73 cgnh do, Bi eiing feam gia nhilu Cdng ude
La Hay vd TPQT. Mge du v|y, quoc gia ndy vdn xdy dyng mOt Bd ludt v l TPQT. Dilu nay cho fedy viOc xdy dung mgt ludt ridng d l didu ehinh cdc QHDS cd YTNN la mgt ddi hdi tdt ydu eua qud trinh hgi nhgp. Vide feam gia ede Dl/QT v l TPQT khdng phdi Id gidi phdp duy nhat, ma can dugc tidn hdnh song song vdi vigc hodn thi|n h§ fedng TPQT ttong nude.
Mdt sd qudc gia dung lgi d vide xdy dung ludt v l xung dot."** Uu tidn ban ddu cua BO tu phdp Bi Id don gidn hda vd minh bach hda cde quy djnh cua TPQT. Vi v|y, ede chuyen gia tdp trung xdy dung mdt bg ludt chi chda dung cdc nguydn tac chung nhdt. Tuy nhidn, nlu chi ddng lgi d cdc nguydn tdc ehung - dap dng dugc doi hoi don gidn hoa - fei myc dich lam ro cho dh ap dung cdc quy djnh phdc tap cua TPQT lgi khdng dgt dugc. Chinh vi vgy, nhdm nghidn cdu da khdng chi dung lgi d vide phdp didn hda ve hinh fedc, tdc tdp hgp ede quy djnh rdi rdc vao tixmg mdt van bdn, md cdn phdp diln hda cd vd nOi dimg, tdc nghien cdu ve tu tudng chd dao eua van bdn, ede nguyen tdc bao trum de gidi quylt cde vdn dl phu hgp vdi ehinh sdch Idp phdp ndi ehung eua ddt nude.
Kmh nghi?m ciia Bi v l vdn dd ndy rat ddng d l chdng ta feam khao. Chiing tdi cho rdng Vigt Nam ciing ndn xdy dyng Ludt TPQT cd phgm vi rOng bdi xdy dyng mdt dgo ludt v l TPQT c6 phgm vi dilu ehmh hep se khdng CO nhidu y nghia vd khdng gidp chung ta dat dugc myc dich cdi cdeh todn bd hd fedng TPQT. Hon niia, edc vdn d l xung dOt phdp ludt vd xung dOt thdm quydn cd mdi lidn he chgt che vdi nhau, nen ndu dugc tap hgp vdo trong cimg mOt van bdn thi vide hidu ehung de ddng han. That v|y, thdng feudng, khi cd tianh chdp xdy ra, Tda dn dugc ydu cdu gidi quylt se xem xet vdn dd xung dOt fedm quydn trudc, sau dd khi dd xdc djnh dugc minh cd felm quyin thi mdi xem xdt ddn van d l dp '** Ching hsin Lu^it v l dp dyng luit cho cic QHDS CO YTNN ciia nude Cpng h6a Nhin dan Trung Hoa ngiy 28/10/2010; Lu|t ngiy 4 thing 2 nam 2011 ve TPQT ciia Ba Lan.
dyng phdp ludt nude ndo. Tuy nhidn, khdng hiem trudng h ^ , Tda dn phdi xdc djnh phdp ludt dp dung trudc thi mdi xdc djnh dugc fedm quydn eua minh.'*' Van dd xung dOt ptidp ludt cung cd quan he chat che vdi van dd cdng nhdn vd cho tin hanh quydt djnh nude ngodi.
Thgt vgy, mgt ttong nhung ly do dd khdng edng nhdn vd cho thi tidnh quydt djnh nude ngodi md TPQT eua hdu bet tdt cd cdc qudc gia diu quy djnh, do Id quylt djnh do vi phgm ttat tu edng edng, hoge cac nguyen tdc co bdn cua ptidp ludt cua nude nai quydt djnh dugc ydu edu cdng nhdn va cho thi hanh. Tuang tu, vdn dd xung dot thdm quydn eiing ed mdi quan he chat che vdi viec cdng nhdn vd cho tin hdnh quylt dinh nude ngoai. Thgt vay, mOt ttong nhiing ly do dd bdn dn, quyet djnh ddn sy cda Tda an nude ngoai khdng dugc cdng nhdn va cho ttu hdnh tgi Viet Nam, do Id "vy dn feudc fedm quydn xdt xu ridng bidt cua Tda dn Vidt Nam".^" Tuang ty, phdn quylt eua ttgng tai nude ngodi ciing khdng dugc cdng nhdn vd cho thi hdnh tai Vidt Nam neu Toa an Vidt Nam xet thdy "Theo phdp lugt Vi$t Nam, vy tranh chdp khdng dupe gidi quyet theo the thuc trong tdi "^^. Nhu vdy, phdp didn hda cd ba ndi dung co ban cua TPQT la xung dot phdp lugt, xung dOt feam quydn xet xd vd cdng nhdn, eho tbi hanh quylt djnh nude ngodi vdo ttong cung mdt van bdn ludt se Ifedng chi giup eho vide tidp ckn cdc nOi dung ciia ludt ttd ndn dd ddng ban, md cdn giup cho vide hiiu chiing dd ddng vd fedng nhdt han.*^
2.2. Hien dgi hda vd tang tinh Ang dgng cua tie phdp quoc te
Xdy dyng mOt dao ludt ridng vd TPQT td CO hdi tot d l mdt qudc gja hien dai hda TPQT
•" Xem: E)6 Van Dai v i Mai H6ng Quy, Tuphdp quoc ti Viet Nam: Quan he ddn sif, lao dong. thtrang mgi co
>Aro«irt}cngoai,Nxb.Chinhtri QuIc gia, 2010, tr. 564 va tiep theo.
'" Khoin 8, Dilu 439, Bg luat T6 tung dan su nam 2015.
'• Diem b, khoin 2, Dieu 459, B6 luat T6 tyng din sy nam 2015.
" Ve v3n dh nay, xem them: Ngo Qu6c Chien, "Viet Nam cdn xdy dung Lugt tuphdp quoc te". Tap chi Nghien cuu Igp phdp, s6 2 va 3, 2016.
74 T ^ P C H I KHOA HQC P H A P L ^ SO 06 (109)/2017 nude minh. Bd ludt TPQT Bi da dugc xay
dyng feeo hudng hidn dgi, rd rdng, de tidp cgn, ddp dng edc doi hdi ciia hgi nhdp chdu Au vd hOi nhdp qudc td cda Bi. Cdc nhd lap phdp Bi da phdp diln hda fednh cdng edc quy phgm hdn quan din TPQT vdn tiirdc dd t i n tai rdi rdc ttong rat nhilu cdc van bdn lugt khde nhau. Cdch fedc cua Bi la dung mOt ludt dd sda ddng fedi ntudu ludt. Ddy Id mdt kinh nghidm dang dd chung ta feam khdo ttong bdi canh cdc quy djnh vd TPQT cua Vidt Nam ndm rdi rdc ttong ban ba muai vdn bdn phdp ludt khde nhau.
Cdc quy pham TPQT cua Bi eung ttd dd dng dung hon, chd khdng chi ddng lai d thdp ngd ciia hgc thugt. Ban soan fedo BO ludt TPQT Bi da c6 mdt no lye Idn ttong vide
"phi cdp" hoa van ban ddn mgi ngudi fedng qua vide sd dyng ngdn ngu dan gidn, ngdn ggn, dd hieu han nhilu so vdi ede vdn ban eu. Cdch trinh bdy ciia Bd lugt ro rang, fedng nhdt giua ede phdn, dilu nay giup cho vide tilp can van ban dd ddng hon. Ngodi ra, ban sogn fedo ciing tinh ddn ktia nang dp dyng eac quy djnh cua BO ludt bdi ngudi nude ngodi bdng cdch khdng sd dyng cdc feuat ngu qud dac feu eua Bi. Ddy Id mdt didm rat ddng d l chiing ta lim y, vi TPQT Id mgt nganh ludt ddc bidt, ddi hdi chung ta khdng chi phdi tinh den hign feyc phdp ludt trong nude md cdn cd hidn feyc phdp ludt nude ngodi.
2.3. Tdng tham quyin cho Tda dn BO ludt TPQT Bi da gidn tilp tiao eho tiidm ptian Bi nhidu quydn bon, fedng qua viOc dua ra ede nguyen tdc chung vd vide tim ra ede Idi gidi cho cdc vdn dd cu fed feudc vd fedm phdn. Thdt vdy, TPQT Bi da trao cho nguydn tdc vd mdi lien he gan bd nhdt tdm quan ttgng dae biet ttong viec xdc djnh feam quyen tdi phdn cua tda dn Bi ciing nhu xdc djnh phdp lu|t can phdi dugc dp dyng de didu chinh mgt QHDS, feuang mai cy fei. Dung la "mli hdn hg gan bd nhdt" la mdt khai niem tuang ddi ma h i , khd xdc djnh, nhung nd Id edng eu cho phdp tim ra Idi gidi phu hgp nhdt eho mOt vdn dd edn gidi quydt. TPQT Bi nhdn mgnh viOc feam phdn Bi phdi dp dyng phdp li4t nude
ngodi feeo ddn chilu cua QPXD bode feeo lya chgn ciia cac bdn, ddng fedi cung dua ra cde quy djnh hit sue chat che vd cde trudng hgp tda dn Bi td chdi dp dyng phdp ludt nude ngodi. Cdc quy djnh ndy ed fed Id mgt bidn phdp hiiu hidu phdng ngda tda dn Bi tiiy tien tu choi dp dyng phdp ludt nude ngodi, qua do thilt Idp sy cdng bdng phdp ly ttong giao luu ddn su quoc tl. •
Tai li^u tham khao
[1] Do Van Dai va Mai Hong Quy, Tu phdp quoc te Viet Nam - Quan h4 ddn sif, lao dong, thuong mgi coyeu to nude ngodi, Nxb.
Chinh tri Q u I c gia, 2010 [trans: Do Van Dai
& Mai Hong Quy, Vietnamese International private Law- Civil, labor and trade relations involving foreign elements, 6d. National politics, 2010]
[2] H. Boularbah (& al.,), "Le nouveau droit international prive beige". Journal des tribunaux, 12 mars 2005. [trans: The New Belgian Private International Law, Journal of the Courts, 12/2005]
[3] Ng6 Quoc Chiln, "yi^t Nam c^n xay dung Luat tu phap qu6c te, Nghien cuu Idp phdp, so 2 v i 3, 2016 [trans: Ngo Quoc Chien,
"Vietnam needs to issue the Law on private international law". Legislative Study Journal, n ' ' 2 & 3 , 2016]
[4] Ngo Quoc Chi^n, "So sanh mOt s i quy dinh chung cua TPQT Bi v i Viet Nam", Nghien cuu lap phap. so 15, 2014 [trans: Companson between some general regulations on private international laws of Belgium and Vietnam, Legislative Study Journal), n". 15,2014]
[5] M. Fallon, "Une chronique anticipee du droit international priv6 de la famille", revue Droit familial, 1991 [trans: An Anticipated Chronic of the International Matrimonial Law, Family Law Journal, 1991]
[6] Le Thj Nam Giang, " D I xu4t xay d\mg Lu?Lt tu p h i p quoc t^", Nghien cuu lap phdp, so 18, 2013 [trans: Proposals for making the Law on pnvate international law, Legislative Study Journal),n-. 18,2013]
[7] Nguyen Khinh Nggc (chii bien), "Co sa 1^
luin v i thyc tiln xSy dung L u i t Tu phap quflc t l " . Be tdi nghien cuu cdp Bg, 2016 [trans; Nguyen Khanh Ngoc (ed.), "Theory and practices of making the Law on private international law". Research project at ministerial level, 2016]
[8] M. Verwilghen, "Vers un Code beige de droit international prive", Trav. com.fr. dip, 1998- 2000, Paris, 2001 [trans: "Toward a Belgian Private International Law Code", Paris, 2001]
