— HOAT OdfJG NGAN HANG VIET NAM 2014, DINH HlJdNG NAM ZD15 |
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a xi'u lidn tuc gia t a n g tLf nam 2011 da anh hudng khdng tdt tdi su an toan, ^ n d j n h cung n h i / lam g i a m di vai trd hd trp phat t r i l n k i n h t d " - xa hdi cua he thd'ng to chtJc t i n d u n g (TCTD). Triidc thpc trang nay, he t h o n g T C T D diJng trJdc n h i d m vu cap thid't la phai tien h a n h XLf 1^ np xa'u mdt each khan trifpng va q u y ^ t lidt. Trong De an XCf ly nd xd'u cua hd thd'ng cac T C T D ban h a n h k e m theo Q u y d t d j n h so 8 4 3 / Q D - T T g ngay 31 t h a n g 05 nam 2 0 1 3 , xCf ly np xau vLfa la d i e u k i e n vCfa la muc tidu quan trpng cua c d n g tac co cau lai hd thd'ng cac T C T D giai doan 2011 - 2 0 1 5 . Theo d d , xCf ly nP xau la n h a m tao d i ^ u kidn cho T C T D md rdng t i n d u n g vdi lai suat hop \f, gop p h i n dn d i n h k i n h te' vT m d ; cai t h i e n t h a n h khoan va nang cao stt an toan, lanh m a n h , hieu qua ho^t d d n g cua cac T C T D , thi trudng tien te.( H m h 1 , 2)
Cd t h e ndi, vS'n d l xd ly np xau da dtJPc nhan thtjfc sdm va dtJng mufc khi Ngan hang N h a niJdc Viet N a m ( N H N N ) c h u d d n g yeu c l u toan he thd'ng T C T D phat buy cac nguon li/c dd' t r i l n khai mdt each kjp thcfi cae b i d n p h a p XLf ly np x§'u. Dd' d i n h ht/dng va hd trp he thd'ng T C T D xi!f ly n d xau mpt each hieu qua va triet dd', N H N N da phd'i hpp cCing vdi eac CP quan quan ly N h a nLfde dd' t r i e n khai n h i l u b i e n phap d o n g bp, CLi thd' la:
Thdnhat, thiet lap vi trien khai ca chixd ly va kiem soat na xi'u
* Bi Ihif Oang iiy, Giam dac Hoc vien Ngan hang, Thdnh vifin HDBT Tap chi NgSn hdng
NGANH NGAN HANG Vdl NHIEM VU xO LY Nd XlUI:
NHH U i GIAI GOAN 2UII - 2014 VA MOT Gfl KHUYEN NGHj
^NCND., PCS., TS. To Ngoc HUng *
Id d i u nam 2 0 1 2 cho tdi nay, N H N N da ban hanh nhieu van ban rieng bidt dieu c h i n h edng tae xd ly np xa'u va cac v a n ban d m h hL/6ng hoat ddng cac T C T D ed lien quan tdi cdng tac xCf ly np xS'u, tao mdt m d i trudng thuSn Ipi cho viec XLf ly va han che np xau phat sinh. Ngoai cac C h l thi ve t d chufc thuc hidn c h i n h sach t i e n td va dam bao boat d d n g ngan hang an toan, hieu qua, hang nam, N H N N da ban hanh mdt so van ban phap ly sau:
Quyd't d m h so 7 8 D / Q D - N H N N v l viec phan loai nP ddi vdi np dupc dieu c h i n h ky ban tra no ban hanh-ngay 2 3 / 0 4 / 2 0 1 2 .
V a n b§n sd' 7 7 8 9 / N H N N - T T G S N H ve viec t r i c h lap va SLf dung du phdng de XLT ly rui ro ban hanh ngay 2 7 / 1 1 / 2 0 1 2 .
Thdng ta so 02/201S/TT- N H N N quy d j n h ve phan loai tai san ed, mtjfc t r i c h , phtjong phap t r i c h lap diT phdng rui ro (DPRR) va v i e c su'dung d p phong d l xd ly rui ro trong hoat d d n g cua T C T D , chi nhanh ngan hang nUde ngoai ban h a n h ngay 2 1 / 0 1 / 2 0 1 3 .
Thdng tu sd' 12/2013/TT- N H N N SLfa dd'i mpt so' dieu eiJa T h d n g t a sd 0 2 / 2 0 1 3 / T T - N H N N ngay 2 1 / 0 1 / 2 0 1 3 ban hanh ngay 2 7 / 0 5 / 2 0 1 3 .
- Chl t h i sd 0 4 / C T - N H N N ve vide phan loai np dd'i vdi no dapc CP eau lai t h d i ban tra np, xCf ly np
xau ban hanh ngay 2 4 / 0 9 / 2 0 1 3 . Van ban sd 8 4 2 1 / N H N N - T T G S N H ve vide trien khai thtic hidn Quyet d i n h sd 6 4 3 / Q D - T T g ban hanh ngay 1 2 / 1 1 / 2 0 1 3 .
Van ban sd 8 9 8 6 / N H N N - T T G S N H ve vide phan loai no, trieh lap va si!f dung DPRR cue eac T C T D ban hanh ngay 2 9 / 1 1 / 2 0 1 3 .
Thdng ta sd 09/2014/TT- N H N N ve vide su'a d d i , b d sung mdt sd dieu cua Thdng t u sd 0 2 / 2 0 1 3 / T T - N H N N ngay 2 1 / 0 1 / 2 0 1 3 ban hanh ngay 1 8 / 0 3 / 2 0 1 4 .
Sa d d n g bp giQa eae van ban CLia N H N N daoe the hien 5 ehd, hd thd'ng T C T D Uu tien k i l m soat np xa'u phat sinh, tao dieu kien eho khach hang phtjc hdi hoat ddng san xuat k m h d o a n h , song song vdi vide SLf d u n g ndi lpc d l XLf ly cae khoan no xa'u trade khi tid'n hanh edng tac p h a n loai np, t r i c h lap d a phdng theo c h u ^ n mac m d i chat ehe h o n . 0 khia c a n h t d n g t h i , van ban 8 4 2 1 / N H N N - T T G S N H da gan tid'n do XLf ly np xau theo dtJng vdi t i e n dp thac hidn D e an Ca ci'u lai he thd'ng cac TCTD glal doan 2011 - 2015 khi den cud'i nam 2 0 1 5 , can ban phai x i i ly dapc sd np xau hien nay va ban chd' np xa'u tid'p tuc phat sinh t h d n g qua viec nang cao c h ^ t laong t i n d u n g . N h i n c h u n g , eac v a n ban tren
TAP CHi NGAN HANG | SO 3+4 ] THANG 2/2015 @
f&
HOATOONG NGAN HANG VIETNAM ZQ14. OINH HUONG NAM Z015 -Hinh 1 : Ty te n d qua han cac ngan hang t h i f d n g m a i H i n h 2 : T y l g ncf xSu c d c n g a n h a n g ttiifdng m a i
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82012 S 2 0 t l 006/2014 • 2012 S201.1 006/2014
NguSn: Bao cao thudng niin cac ngan bang va tfnh toan cOa tac gia
dapc ban hanh kip t h d i , phu hpp vdi t i n h h i n h thtic t i l n , da tao ra mdt k i m ehi nam cho cac T C T D xSy dpng k l hoaeh va t r i l n khai eae ndi d u n g cu the de xi!f ly np xau nhanh chdng v& hidu qua.
Thd hai, cho phep TCTD gid nguyin nhom na khi ca ci'u l$i na dd'i vdi cic khoan na co trien VQng phuc hdi tfch cue
Thae hidn ehu trapng xCf ly np xau gan vdi thao gd khd khan cho san xuat k i n h d o a n h , hd tro tang tradng k i n h te cua C h f n h phu va De an Xd ly na xi'u cda h$ thd'ng cic TCTD, hd thdng T C T D da ehu dpng phd'i hpp vdi khach hang de cP eau lai no va xem xet m i d n , giam lai suat mpt each hpp ly eho khach hang cd t r i l n vpng phuc hoi. Bien phap nay n h a m mue d i c h g i a m bdt kho khan ve tai c h i n h tam t h d i , tao CO hdi c h o cae khach hang khdi phuc va cai thidn hieu qua boat d d n g san xuat k i n h d o a n h , ti^ d d lao ngudn thu mdi de tra no cho cac T C T D . D e cu the hda chtj truong nay, N H N N da ban hanh Quyd't d j n h sd
7 8 0 / Q D - N H N N ve w d c phin loai na do'i vdi na duac dieu chinh ky han tri na, gia han nP vao ngay 2 3 / 0 4 / 2 0 1 2 . Theo dd, N H N N eho p h d p cac T C T D khi ca ca'u lai no (bao gdm dieu c h i n h ky h^n tra no, gia ban np) ddi vdi cac khoan no ed trien vong phuc hdi t i c h cac dupc giO nguyen n h d m np n h a da dapc phan loai trade khi co c^u lai np.
N h a m bao d a m edng tae eP eau lai np d i d n ra d u n g dd'i tPpng va m y c d i c h , trong Chf t h j 0 6 / 2 0 1 2 / C T - N H N N ban hanh ngay 0 9 / 1 1 / 2 0 1 2 , N H N N da nhan m a n h cae T C T D t i c h cac t r i l n khai ddng bp cae giai p h ^ p han che' np xa'u gia t a n g ; khdng dapc Ipi d u n g cac quy d i n h ve cP eau lai np va cae bien p h a p nghidp vu khae d l che giau no xa'u hoac lam sai Idch c h ^ t l a p n g t i n dgng.
Taong ta, trong C h i t h j sd 04/CT- N H N N ve wee phin loai na dd'i vdi na duac ca cau lai thdi han tra na, xd ly ncf xi'u, cac T C T D dapc phep t i i quye't d j n h viec cP cau thdi ban tra no nbPng budc phai daa tren t i n h h l n h san xuat,
k i n h d o a n h , nang lac tai chinh ctja d o a n h n g h i e p . Viee cP ciu, g\Q nguydn n h d m no chi diigc thtic hidn khi khach hang c6 p h u o n g an san xuat kinh doanh m d i kha t h i va cd kha nang tra no td't. Ngoai ra, cac T C T D phai ban h a n h quy d j n h ndi bd 6i ngan chan viec Ipi dung vi^c CO eau lai t h d i ban tra np va giii nguyen n h o m np, d d n g thdi phai bao eao ve N H N N qua Cp quan T h a n h tra, g i a m sat ngSn h&ng b a n g van ban ve vide nay.
H i d u lpc t h i h a n h eija Quyet d i n h 7 8 0 se kd't thtjc vdi sti ra ddi va c d hieu lUc cua Thdng ti(
0 2 / 2 0 1 3 / T T - N H N N k l tCf ngdy 0 1 / 0 6 / 2 0 1 3 . V l thac t i d n , viec ap d u n g T h d n g t u 02/2013/17- N H N N la mdt bade tien cDa N H N N t r o n g vide hUdng tdi ap d u n g c&c chuan mtic qudc te v l p h a n loai no va t r i e h lap dil p h d n g c h o he t h d n g ngan hang Viet N a m h i d n nay. Theo quy d j n h tai khoan 1 D i l u 2 5 , Thdng t u sd 0 2 / T T - N H N N se cd hi^u luc t h i h a n h tLf ngayO1/O6/2013.
Q u y d i n h ydu c l u he thdng
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TAPCHiNGANHANG | SO3+4 | THANG2/2015- HUAl UUNU NliAN HANU VIET NAM i:U14, DINH HUUNU NAIVl iUlt) W ^
T C T D p h a n loai t h d m nhieu khoan t i n d u n g vao n h d m np xau, dae biet la nhOng khoan np CP cau lai theo Q u y e t d i n h 7 8 0 phai e h u y i n sang n h d m np cao h o n . N h u vay, cae khach h a n g d a n g gap khd khan t ^ m thdi ve tai c h f n h se khd ed t h i t i e p cSn dupe ngudn v d n t i n d u n g tU phfa h§ t h d n g T C T D trong khi eac T C T D p h ^ i t i e n h a n h t r f c h I0p DPRR tfn d u n g 5 mUc eao hon dd'i vdi eac khoan np e h u y i n n h d m . V i ^ c nhieu T C T D thua Id khi phai t r f c h lap DPRR nd'u Thdng ta sd 0 2 dUpc ap d u n g se tae d p n g den n i l m t i n eua cd ddng, nha dau t a , ciJng n h a ngudi gifi t i e n vao cac T C T D . D i l u nay se anh huSng khdng tdt tdi muc tidu xCf ly nP xau, ngan can muc tidu tao d i l u kien c h o doanh n g h i d p t i e p c$n v d n vay ngan hang, hd trp thuc day tfn d u n g , va thtJC d ^ y qua t r i n h tai eP eau hd t h d n g T C T D an toan va hieu qua. (Bang 1)
D o vay, vide ban h a n h Thdng t u sd 1 2 / 2 0 1 3 / T T - N H N N hoan Thdng tU sd 0 2 tU ngay 0 1 / 0 6 / 2 0 1 3 sang ngay 0 1 / 0 6 / 2 0 1 4 va ban h a n h T h d n g t u s d 0 9 / 2 0 1 4 / T T - N H N N v l viee stjfa d d i , b d sung mot s d d i l u cija Thdng t a sd 0 2 / 2 0 1 3 / T T - N H N N , trong d d bo sung quy d m h ve cP ca'u lai t h d i ban tra no va giu' nguydn n h d m n o ap d u n g k l tU ngay 2 0 / 0 3 / 2 0 1 4 va h i t hieu lUc t h i hanh k l tCf ngay 0 1 / 0 4 / 2 0 1 5 la mdt b i e n p h a p h p p ly n h a m t?o d i l u kien t h u a n Ipi cho doanh nghidp t i e p c a n v d n vay ngan hang, hd trO thue d ^ y t i n d g n g c h o n i n k i n h t e , g i a m mat bSng
Bang 1: Ket qua cd cau lai nd tlieo Quyet iJinh 780/OD-NHNN v^ Thong tu sd d9/2014/TT-NHNN
Dan vi: nghin ty dong
So d u cac klioSn no duac gifi nguydn nh6m no
56 dir cdc k h o i n no khong p h i i chuven sanq noxliu D l / no tin dung
T;^ trgng zAt. khoSn no co c3u lai diiOc grO nguyen nh6m no/tdng d u nq Tf le noxau tr^nh phai khi nhSn
12/2013
362,9 180,4 3.478.0 10,4%
5,2%
Thing 05/2014
313.9 155,2 3.530,9 8.9%
4,4%
Thdng 10/2014
314,5
3.778.1 8 3 %
lai suat cho vay va thao gd k h d khan eho san xua't k i n h d o a n h . Ngoai ra, Thdng tU sd 1 2 / 2 0 1 3 / T T - N H N N giup cho T C T D , chi nhanh ngdn hang nudc ngoai cd t h d m thcii gian de ehO ddng xSy dUng Id t r i n h thUc h i e n va c h u ^ n bi cac dieu kien ap d g n g day du Thong ta so 0 2 , phu hpp vdi Id trinh D e an Ca cau lai he thdng cic TCTD giai doan 2011 - 2015 vi De an Xd ly na xi'u cda hi thd'ng cic TCTD.
Tfnh den cudi thang 0 5 / 2 0 1 4 , t d n g sd d u cac khoan no dUpc giOf nguydn n h d m np khi thUc hidn theo Quyd't d i n h 7 8 0 / Q D - N H N N va Thdng t u s d 0 9 / 2 0 1 4 / T T - N H N N la 3 1 3 , 8 5 n g h m ty d d n g , giam 4 9 , 3 nghin ty d d n g so vdi cudi n a m 2 0 1 3 . Trong t d n g sd np dupe cP eau lai ed 155,2 n g h i n t y d d n g np khdng b| chuyen sang np xau do dapc CO ca'u lai t h d i ban tra np v a g i i i nguyen n h d m np. Sang t h a n g 1 0 / 2 0 1 4 , t d n g sd dU eac khoan np dope giU nguydn n h o m np la 3 1 4 , 5 n g h i n t y d d n g , tiep tue g i a m 4 8 , 4 n g h i n t y d o n g so vdi cudi nam 2 0 1 3 .
Thdba, cic TCTD danh gia lai chai luang cic khoan na, tang cUdng trfch lip vi sddung DPRR dixdiy naxi'u
Ngudn: NI-iNN va tinfi loan cua tac gui N h a m da'y m a n h edng tae XLfly np xa'u ngay t a phia cac T C T D , N H N N da ban hanh van ban sd 7 7 8 9 / N H N N - T T G S N H ve w ^ c trfch lip du phdng vi sddung dU phdng de xd ly rui ro. Theo dd, N H N N ydu c^u cac T C T D c h u ddng phan loai n p t h e o diing quy d i n h cua N H N N , danh gia kh§
nang thu hdi no tU xCf ly tai san dam bao (TSBD), chu d d n g trieh lap DPRR va eat giam c h i phf, dieu c h i n h Ipi nhuan n h a m tao ngudn XLf If np xau ngay trong nam 2 0 1 2 va cac nam t i e p theo.
Thuc hien c h l dao cua N H N N , va trdn t i n h than ehia se trach n h i e m ctja T C T D t r o n g xd ly np xau, he thdng T C T D da t i c h cUe t i e n hanh phan loai np, trfch lap va SLf d u n g DPRR d l xi^ ly cae khoan np x ^ u . Trong C h i t h j 0 6 / 2 0 1 2 / C T - N H N N ban hanh ngay 0 9 / 1 1 / 2 0 1 2 , N H N N Vidt N a m eung nhS'n m a n h eac T C T D chUa trfch lap DPRR d % du theo quy d | n h cua p h a p luat t h i chUa dupe ehia c d tUc, Ipi nhuan cCia nam 2 0 1 2 va khdng dUpc t a n g t i e n lUPng, t i l n t h u d n g , thu lao cho can bp. ( H l n h 3)
Trong nam 2 0 1 2 , he t h d n g T C T D da t r i c h lap va xCf ly np xau bang ngudn t r i e h l^p DPRR la khoang 70 n g h i n ty d d n g .
TAP CHi NGAN HANG | SO 3+4 | THANG 2/2015 Q
t nUAl UUNU NUAN HANU VIbl NAM ^fUia, tllNH nUUNli NAm £i
Hinh 3: Ty le trich lap DPRR tren Idi nhuan thuan tif hoat ddng kinh doanh trifcic chi phi DPRR tin dung cac ngan hang thUdng mai
Nguon: Bao cao thudng niSn cic ngan hang va tfnh toan cCia tic gia
dung de tie'p tue xi!f ly np xS'u vao cud'i n a m . Mtic d d chia sd trach n h i e m cua he t h d n g T C T D dUpc the hien rat rd d vide hi sinh muc tieu loi nhuctn. Cg t h i , ty le ROA cua hd t h d n g nam 2 0 1 2 giam xudng 0 , 6 2 % , nam 2 0 1 3 g i a m xudng 0 , 4 9 % so vdi mUc 1 % eua nam 2 0 1 1 ; ty Id ROE nam 2012 giam xudng edn 6 , 3 1 % , nam 2013 g i a m xud'ng 5 , 1 8 % so vdi mac 1 1 , 8 8 % eua nam 2 0 1 1 . ( H i n h 4)
Trong mudi thang dau nam 2 0 1 3 , he thdng da trich lap va xCf ly t h e m 35,9 nghin ty ddng, trong kd' hoach tid'p tuc xCf ly thdm 7 0 . 0 0 0 ty dong trong ca n a m . N h u vay, trong nam 2 0 1 2 va 10 t h a n g dau nam 2 0 1 3 , tdng so np xa'u dupc XLf ly va dUa ra theo ddi ngoai bang la 105,9 nghin ty ddng. TU dau nam 2014 den hd't thang 0 7 / 2 0 1 4 , cae T C T D da trfch lap dUOc thdm 78 nghin ty ddng va ngudn nay se dupc sCf
Thd tu, thanh lip vi dUa vio boat ddng Cong ty quan ly til sin cua cic TCTD Viet Nam
N h a n thUc duoc viec chi di^a vao ndi lUc cua he thdng TCTD d l xCf ly no xau la chua du va can ed sa hd trp hPn nu'a tCf Chfnh phu va N H N N , C h f n h phili da ban h a n h Nghi d m h sd53/2013/
N D-CP ve thanh lip to chdc va boat ddng cua Cdng ty Quan If tii san cua cic TCTD Vi$t Nam vao ngay 18/05/201 3. Trdn cP sS d d , N H N N c u n g da hoan thien De an Xd ly na xi'u cua hi thd'ng cic TCTD va D e an Thanh lap Cdng ty Quan ly tai san cua cic TCTD Viit Nam de bao cao B6 C h f n h t n , tren cP s6 y kien chl dao eua Bd C h i n h t r j , hoan thi^n va t r m h T h u tUdng C h i n h phu phd duydt, ban hanh vao ngiy 3 1 / 0 5 / 2 0 1 3 .
Theo N g h i d i n h sd 53/2013/
NO-CP, V A M C dapc thanh l§p va hoat d p n g theo Lu^it NgSn h a n g N h a nUde Vidt N a m , Luat D o a n h nghidp va Nghi d|nh sd 5 3 / 2 0 1 3 / N D - C P V A M C la Hinh 4: Ty le trich lap dK phong mi ro/nd xau
cac ngan hang thifdng mai
Hinh 5: Ty le ldi nhuan tren von chii sci hflu cac ngan hang thtidng mai
60"/;
30°/i
• 2012 0201 1 D06/2014 • 2012 E 2 0 U 006/2014
Nguon: Bao cao thudng nien cac ngan hang va tinh loan cua t,
@ TAP CHi NGAN HANG | SO 3+4 | THANG 2/2015
- HOAT OONG NGAN HANG VIET NAM 2014, OmH Kl/dNG NAM 2015 I
doanh n g h i e p dac thCi do Nha nUSc sd hOu 1 0 0 % vdn d i l u Id, ehiu SUquan ly nha nUdc, t h a n h tra, g i a m sat trUe tie'p cua N H N N n h a m mgc d i c h gdp phan xCf ly nhanh np xa'u, lanh m a n h hoa tai c h i n h , g i a m t h i l u rui ro c h o cac T C T D , doanh n g h i d p va thiJc day tang tradng tfn d u n g hpp ly cho nen k i n h te. V l nguyen tac ho?t d p n g , V A M C boat ddng theo nguyen tac la'y t h u bU chi va khdng v l muc t i d u Ipi n h u a n ; edng k h a i , m i n h bach trong hoat dpng mua, XLf ly np xau; han ehe rui ro va chi phf t r o n g XLf ly no xa'u. c a e T C T D cd ty le np xa^u ta 3 % t r d len p h a i ban np xa'u eho V A M C , neu khdng se bi ap dung cac b i d n p h a p n h u t h a n h tra, d a n h gia lai eha't lapng va gia tri tai san de trdn eo sd d d , T C T D phai ban lai no xau eho V A M C . Q u y d j n h nay da tao ap lUc bude eae T C T D phai nhanh chdng thUc h i e n cac b i d n p h a p XLf ly np xa'u, hoac p h a i tie'n hanh ban np xau eho V A M C d l n h a n h ehdng dUa ty Id np xa'u v l mUe eho p h e p .
Xua't phat tCf k i n h n g h i d m qud'c te', kd't hop vdi t h u c t r ^ n g k i n h td' Viet N a m , N H N N da ap dung hai phuong thufc mua np xau eua T C T D tai V A M C bao gdm (i) mua no xa'u eua T C T D theo gia tri ghi so b a n g trai p h i l u dac biet do Cdng t y Q u a n ly tai san phat h a n h ; va (ii) mua np x§'u ciJa T C T D theo gia t h i trUdng bang ngudn vd'n khdng p h a i trai phieu dac bidt ddi vdi mdt sd khoan np xa'u d a p Ung duoc d i e u k i e n .
Ve viec SLf d u n g trai phid'u dac biet d l mua lai nO xa'u tU cac
f) canh viec tap trung xii ly nd xau, cac TCTD can phai chu trong viec ban che nd xau tiep tuc phat smh.
T C T D , day la mdt each lam sang t^o, phu hop vdi thae t i d n Viet N a m hien nay khi ngudn XLf ly no xa'u khdng n h i l u , dae biet la theo nguydn tac ban che si!f dgng vdn ngdn sach cho vide xd ly no xau. Vdi vide mua ban np cua V A M C hidn nay t h i Ngan sach N h a nUde khdng dope stf dgng d l rnua np xau. Cac T C T D se c h u d d n g ban np xau cho V A M C ; ddi lai, T C T D nhan trai phieu dac bidt vdi hai dac d i l m c h i n h la c d t h i d u n g d l vay tai cap vd'n tU N H N N va hang nam phai trfch lap DPRR theo ty Id khdng tha'p hon 2 0 % m d n h gia.
D i l u nay se bao d a m nguon vdn cho cac T C T D khi trai phieu dac biet cd the tai cap vo'n tai N H N N d l tie'p tuc cap t i n d g n g c h o n i n k i n h td', phu hop vdi mgc tieu hd trp doanh nghiep, dat trong tdng t h i chuong t r i n h tai eP cau n i n k i n h te'. Ngoai ra, quy d i n h nay bao d a m dapc traeh n h i e m va ngudn xu" ly np xS'u se phu hop v6i nguydn tac T C T D va k h a c h bang vay p h a i c h i u trach n h i e m c h f n h ve cae khoan np xd'u phat sinh va chia se ton that trong vide XLf ly np xa'u. Trong bdi
canh thi trUdng mua ban np tai Vidt N a m cdn tUPng dd'i non tre, t h i viee mua ban np gap n h i l u khd khan nen viec phat hanh trai phid'u dac biet daoc coi la mdt sa lUa chpn phu hpp. NhU vay, cac T C T D se cd thdi gian n h i l u hon (td'i da 5 nam) va phai la ddn vi chu ddng trong vide thu hdi np khi dupc V A M C uy q u y l n cho edng tac xCf ly np xau. Dd'i vdi cac T C T D , d i l u nay ban che' dupc nhOng bat cap khi gia mua np xa'u cao hon gia t n thi trudng, eac T C T D cd the se ban han cho V A M C sd tai san xa'u rS't Idn cua hp va h l n h t h a n h tam ly day nhanh cac khoan nd xau ra khoi bang can dd'i ke toan m a khdng cd trach n h i e m xCf ly cac khoan np xau nay.
Tfnh de'n ngay 2 9 / 1 1 / 2 0 1 3 , V A M C da nhan dUpc hd so tU 2 8 T C T D de nghi ban tong eong khoang 4 3 , 8 nghin ty d d n g np xa'u cho V A M C vdi mu'c gia mua np la 3 5 , 4 n g h i n f / d d n g . Trong sd nay, V A M C da ky hop d d n g vfli 23 T C T D , mua tong cdng 5 0 8 khoan no vdi t d n g dU no gdc la 20,1 7 n g h i n ty d d n g vdi mUe gia mua np la 1 6 . 4 2 3 t y d d n g .
TAP CHi NGAN HANG | SO 3+4 | THANG 2/2015 0
Tien dd mua np xau tid'p tge daoc dly nhanh trong nam 2014 khi tu dau nam din 21/12/2014, VAMC da duydt mua dupc 79,4 nghin ty ddng no xau vdi gia mua np la 65,3 nghin ty ddng, dUa tdng sd np xau duydt mua luy kd' dat 118,7 nghin ty ddng vdi gia mua no la 98,0 nghin ty ddng.
Vide thanh lap va dUa vao hoat ddng VAMC la mpt giai phap phu hpp trong bdi canh np xau trong he tbdng TCTD tang cao va ban than hd thdng TCTD khdng du ngudn lUc d l xCf ly no xau, bao dam tien dp va hidu qua cua qua trinh CO c^u lai hd thdng TCTD theo Quyet djnh 254/QD-TTg phd duydt D l an Co cau lai hd thdng cae TCTD Viet Nam giai doan 2011 - 2015. Ngoai lam lanh manh hda bang can dd'i tai san eua cac TCTD, VAMC edn gitJp cho cae TCTD thUe hidn qua trinh tai co ca'u, gdp phan dn dinh hd thdng tai chfnh ngan hang va tranh anh hudng tieu cue dd'n cae thi trUdng tai san tai chfnh lan thj tradng tai san thUc.
Thd nam, diy manh cdng tic truyin thdng ve thUc trang, cic biin phip, vi ke't qua xd ly na xa'u
NHNN da ehu tri, phd'i hop v6i Bp Thdng tin va Truyln thdng, eae eP quan lidn quan, td chUc, Uy ban nhan dan tinh, thanh phd trUe thudc Trung UPng, cac cO quan thdng tin, truyln thdng thpc hidn phd bien, tuyen truyln de tao sU ung hd va thd'ng nha't trong xa hdi, nhan dan ve mgc tidu va giai phap xd ly np x^u eua he thd'ng TCTD. Muc tieu nay eua NHNN la phu hOp vdi
Hinh 6: Ty le nd xau toan he thong to chifc tin dung
quan dilm, chu trUPng ci!ia D^ng, Chinh phtj, cung nhU dupc xay dung trdn cP sd ly thuyet, kinh nghidm qudc td' va phu hpp v6i thuc tiln. Cg t h i , NHNN da tid'n hanh cdng tae truyln thdng thdng qua cac bien phap cg t h i nha sau:
Chu tri hole phdi hpp td chtJe cac budi lam viec vdi cac TCTD va doanh nghidp tai cae dia phuong trong ca nu6e d l tiep thu nhiJng ddng gop v l edng tae dieu hanh CSTT va tfn dung nham giai quyet cac khd khan, vUdng mac va bidn phap xCf ly thich hop trong quan he tin dung, trong dd cd cae v^n d l lien quan tdi np xau. Tren cp sd dd, NHNN, TCTD, khach hang va cae ben lidn quan chd dpng XLf ly theo tham quyen cac vudng mac, kiln nghi d l day nhanh tde dp va hidu qua xi!f \f np x^u.
Chu dpng tuydn truyln, phd bid'n eac quy dmh cua phap luat, chu truong chi dao cua Chinh phu va NHNN d l doanh nghiep va ngudi dan hilu, thue hidn
Ngudn: NHNN
dung cac quy djnh cCia phap lu|it v l XLf ly no x^u. De thUe hidn edng tae nay, NHNN da chil dpng cung ca'p thdng tin eho bao chf v l thpc trang, eae bien phap thac thi va kit qua v l xd ly nd xau; qua dd, t^o sp ddng thuan, ung hd cua da lugn dd'i vdi cdng tac XLf ly np x^u cOa toan nganh Ngan hang.
v l kit qua thuc hien, nhd thi/c hidn nhilu bidn phap hpp ly, kjp thdi va cd tinh ddng bp cao ciia NHNN eung v6i sp quylt tam ctja toan be thdng TCTD, np x^u da dupe xd ly mdt each can ban.
Tinh d i n cudi thang 10/2014, tdng np xau ndi bang theo bSo eao eua cae TCTD la 166,8 nghin ty ddng, taong dUOng 3,87% tdng dUnp. (Hinh 6)
Ty Id np xa'u sau khi tang cao trong thang 06/2014 do ap dgng ehuin mUe mdi v l phan loai ni?
theo Thdng tU sd 02/2013/TT- NHNN, da giam dan eho th^y cha't lupng tin dung da phdn nio dupe cai thidn theo hudng tich cue hon, phan anh sU ehu ddng,
O
TAP CHi NGAN HANG | SO 3 + 4 1 THANG 2/2015- HOAT SONG NGAN HANG VIET NAM 2014, SINH HUdNG NAM 2015 O ^
quyd't t a m va nd lUc cua N H N N v a t o a n hd t h d n g T C T D .
Ben c a n h d d , edng tac xCf ly no x^u da b a m sat va gan k i t c h j t c h e vfli cac mge t i e u , giai p h a p . Id t r i n h eo ca'u lai he t h d n g cac T C T D theo D e an Co ca'u lai hd thdng eae T C T D giai doan 2011 2 0 1 5 . Td'c d d tang no x^u giam d a n , quy m d np x^u di vao dn d i n h tuong dd'i trong khi hogt d d n g co ca'u lai hd thd'ng T C T D da giijp n h i l u T C T D yd'u kem vUpt qua khd khan v l thanh k h o a n , tUng bUdc lanh m^inh hda t i n h h i n h tai c h i n h . A n toan hd thd'ng dupe bSo d a m , nguy cp d d v d , mat an toan be t h d n g g i a m
d d n , kha nang c h i tra eua cac T C T D dupe cai t h i d n , tai san cua N h a nUdc va t i l n gCfi eua nhdn dan dupc an toan, chi tra d l y d u , kip t h d i . N h d vay, Idng t i n cua nha dau tU, ngUdi gCfi t i l n vao nang lUc cua he thdng T C T D da dupe khdi phuc d a n g k l khi lapng t i e n gi!fi vao eac T C T D tang va dn d i n h hpn so vdi giai doan trade. (Bang 2)
Cdng tac t r u y l n thong eija N H N N dupc tap t r u n g t r i l n khai trdn n h i l u mat, khdng nhCfng cung cap thdng t i n eho cac cP quan bao e h i , Q u d c h d i , t d chUc va ngadi dan m a edn phat h i d n , p h a n hdi va xCf ly nhOng t h d n g Bang 2: L6 trinh va ket qua cd cau lai h§ thong TCTD giai doan 2011 -2014
Nam 2011- 2012
Nhiem vu thi/c hie
- Banh gia, xac djnh thac trang hoat dong, chat li/Ong t^l s3n vk na x3u -Tien hSnh danh gia vS phan loai TCTD
- Xay diJng vk tnen khai phi/Ong An cd cSu laiTCTD yeu kem v& TCTD khSc -Tap trung ho tro thanh khoSn de bSo dSm kha nang chi Xth cCia cac TCTD - Hoan thanh can ban phat hanh co phieu cua cic NHTMNN (trir Agribank) -Tnenkhaisapnhap, hop nhat, mua laiTCTD
-Tang vfin d i l u le va xCt ly nOxau cCia cacTCTD -Ca c l u lai hoat dong va he thdng q u j n tri Ket qui dat duoc:
- Oanh gia duoc thiJc trang hoat dong, chat luong tai sin va no xau
- Xac dmh 3uac 09 NHTMCP yeu kem, 03 ngan hang da tien hSnh hop nhat, 01 ngan hang da s i p nhSp vao ngan hang khSc, 03 ngan hang tU co c5u lai, 01 ngan hang se hop nhat vio ngan hang khac
-Thanh khoSn toan he thfing da dUOc bSo d^m -vfin di4u le cCia mgt sfiTCTD tang, toan he thong tang 11.24%
- Sir dung d u ph6nq de xH ly mot phan no xau (69,2 nghin ty dong)
• Hoan t h i n h si!ta doi, b6 sung cac quy dinh an toan hoat dong ngan hang - 01 NHTMCP da sap nhap vao ngan hang khac
- Tiep tuc tnen khai lanh manh hfia tai chfnh cua cac TCTD, bao gom xU ly no xau va tSng vfin dieu ie
-Triln khai co cau lai hoat dong quan tri - Hoan thanh can bSn co cau lai cac CTTC va CTCTTC Ket qua dat dUoc:
-Von d i l u te cCia mot sfi TCTD tang, toan he thfing tang 8,17%
- SCr dung dU phfing d l xH ly mfit phan no xau (khoang 70.0001^- dong) - XAc dinh them 02 NHTMCP va 06 TCTD phi ngSn hang yeu k^m Hoan thanh can bSn cO cau lai tSi chfnh cCia TCTD
- cacTCTD dap ilng day du miJc von d i l u le thUC va cac chuan muc, gidl han an toan h o | t dfing ngan hSng theo quy dinh phap luat
-Ti^p tuc tnen khai co cS.u lai hoat dong va quSn tn -Tiep tuc sap nhap. hop nhat, mua lai theo nguyen t k tU nguy§n K i t qua d?t duoc (tfnh d i n thang 11/2014)'
- Vfin d i l u le cua mot so TCTD tang. toSn he thfing tang 3,2%
- Ph6 duylt'Oe an co cau l^i ciia 04 NHTMNN - Phe d u y i t phuong an cO cau lai cua 20 NHTMCP
- Hau het phuong an ca cau lai NHTMCP y l u kem d i u dUOc tien hanh tren nguyen tac t y n g u y i n , khflng sir dung tien t^ NSNN
- xay dung Ke hoach t r i l n khai ap dung c h u i n muc von theo Basel II va lua chon 10 NHTM trong nUfiic tham gia thUc h i f n Basell II giai doan 1
Nguon: De an Caca'u lai h^ thd'ng cac TCTD giai doan 2011 -2015 va td'ng hap cua tac gia
t i n t h i l u c h i n h xac, gay bat dn thi trudng. N h d vay, ngUdi dan da hieu va d d n g thuan hdn vfli toan nganh Ngan hang trong n h i e m vg quan trpng ddi vdi nen k i n h t l la xLf ly no xa'u gan vdi eo ca'u lai he thd'ng cac T C T D .
Trong thdi gian t d i , cdng tac xi!f ly va k i l m soat no xa'u tai hd thd'ng cac T C T D phai ddi mat vdi rat n h i l u thaeh thufc khi dat trong bd'i eanh tai co ea'u hd t h d n g T C T D , bao g d m :
- T h | tradng mua ban no chUa phat t r i e n , cae nha dau t u nUde ngoai thieu khung phap ly de t h a m gia thi trudng khi ma nen k i n h te Viet N a m dang rat c ^ n mdt ngudn lUc Ifln t a ben ngoai de hd trp cdng tae xCf ly np xa'u.
- Viet N a m chUa ed mdt khung p h a p ly that sa thuan loi cho cdng tac xi^ ly np x a u , dac biet la XLf ly TSBD la ba't d d n g san;
cac khoan no xa'u xay d u n g eP ban cua ngan sach d u g i a m nhUng van ehUa cd d i n h huflng XLf ly rd rang.
- Ngudn lUe tai e h i n h d a n h cho XLf ly np xau thie'u tfnh b i n vUng khi vdn c h i dtia chu yd'u vao ngudn t r i c h lap DPRR tai cac T C T D .
- T y Id no xa'u eao ed n g u y eP bde Id k h i q u y d i n h tai T h d n g t a so 0 9 / 2 0 1 4 / T T - N H N N h e t h i d u ltic.
N a n g lpc q u a n trj d o a n h n g h i d p va q u a n trj rui ro, d a c b i e t la rui ro t f n d u n g , tai m d t sd T C T D chUa co n h i l u eai t h i d n , v a n d m a t b a n g t h a p so v d i the' g i d i .
- H i e u qua d i u tU va n a n g luc c a n h t r a n h eua he thd'ng d o a n h n g h i d p V i e t N a m la d i e u k i e n
TAP CHI NGAN HANG | SO 3+4 | THANG 2/2015 ©
r^
^ HOATOONG NGAN HANG VIET NAM Z014. OINH HUONG NAM 2Q15 - t i d n quyet de giai quyet np xauv a n chua cd n h i l u eai t h i d n , dae bidt la t r o n g bd'i eanh t d n g c l u tha'p va t d n g c u n g ehaa c d ddt p h a .
M a c diJ vfli nhOng thach thUc Idn, cdng tae xd ly np xa'u v i n cd nhUng d i l u kidn thuan Ipi n h u sU ddng thuctn v l c h i n h sach cija cac cap cung n h u sU ung hp CLia cdng chung, n i n k i n h t l va hd thd'ng T C T D da di vao dn d m h hon n h i l u so vdi giai doan nam 2 0 1 1 , Idng tin cua cdng chtjng vao d i l u hanh chfnh sach cOa C h i n h phu dapc phgc h d i , khung pbap ly dd'i vdi hoat ddng tfn dgng, an toan hoat ddng ngan hang, va XLf ly np x^u da duoc h i n h thanh va d a n g dUpc hoan t h i d n , bd sung... Tren cP sd Quyd't d i n h sd 2 5 4 / Q D - T T g , Quyd't d i n h sd 8 4 3 / Q D - T T g , vd xug^t phat tLf thpc trang np xa'u, xCf ly no xa'u trong thdi gian qua. Bai vid't xin d l xud't mdt sd khuyd'n nghl v l XLf ly np xau trong thdi gian tdl nha sau:
Thdnhat, cac T C T D can nhanh chdng phdn loai cac khoan np theo c h u i n mUe qud'c te n h a m xac d j n h ehfnh xac thUe trang np x l u , d a n h gia dung nang lpc tai ehinh cua hd thdng T C T D de ed co sd xae d i n h kha nang XLf 1)/ np xau cua ban t h a n cae T C T D va eae n h i d m vu hd tro XLf ly eua cac co quan quan ly Nha nudc. N h U vay, viec thUe hidn nghidm tue phdn loai np theo quy d i n h tai T h d n g t a sd 0 2 / 2 0 1 3 / T T - N H N N va tien tdi dUng ap dung quy d j n h tai T h d n g t a sd 0 9 / 2 0 1 4 / T T - N H N N vao thdi d i l m 0 1 / 0 4 / 2 0 1 5 la bet sUc can thid't dd'i vdi he t h d n g T C T D .
© TAP CHI NGAN HANG | SO 3+4 | THANG 2/2015
Thd hai, vdl cac khoan no xau da dupe phan loai, va d a n h gia kha nang thu hdi np, cac T C T D can xae d m h phUPng thUe xCf ly np xau phu hop tren eP sd tan dgng tdi da cac ngudn lUc cd t h i huy dpng daoc. Ddi vdi nhOng khach h a n g e d n o x l u nhUng v l n d a n g hoat ddng va cd kha nang phgc h d i , T C T D xem xet tid'p tue ca'p tfn d g n g di kem vdi cae giai phap CO cau lai khoan np phu hop giu'a loi ieh va rui ro cua khaeh hang l l n ban than T C T D . Dd'i vdi nhu'ng khoan np xa'u ma T C T D nhan tha'y khdng ed kha nang thu h o i , T C T D nhanh chdng thUc hien cac bidn phap xd ly np x^u n h u t h a n h ly tai san bao d a m , sd d g n g DPRR d l xda np, hoac ban khoan np eho nhij'ng t d chUc cd kha nang xCf ly np chuyen nghidp n h a V A M C .
Thd ba, d l hd trp cdng tac xd ly np xa'u mdt each cd hieu qua n h i t , c i n tap i r u n g hoan thidn khudn k h d phap ly, tao thuan Ipi cho vide xCf ly np xa'u vdi trpng tam la ban hanh N g h j d j n h SLfa d d i , b d sung N g h j d i n h sd 5 3 / 2 0 1 3 / N D - C P va cae t h d n g tU huflng d i n eho phu hpp vdi thUc t i l n . ThUc t i l n trien khai cho thay, mac du da dat dapc nhUng ket qua dang khfch Id nhung V A M C v l n dang gap nhUng can trd nha't d j n h trong edng tac mua ban np theo co che thi trUdng, mudn vay, c i n phai hoan t h i d n chUc nang va tang cUdng t i e m lue tai c h f n h hon nQa cho V A M C d l t d chUe nay phat huy dUOe hidu qua trong vide mua np xau.
v l nguydn tac, V A M C ehl nen mua nhang khoan np x ^ u m a V A M C cd t h i xt!f ly hidu qua hon
la di t u cae T C T D xt:f ly. Vf dy, cac tai san c d d j n h nhU tai san bj t i c h thu va cac khoan vay yeu cau t j c h thu n h a la nhQng Ipa chon tdt eho vide e h u y i n nhupng c h o V A M C XLf ly. M a t khac, cac khoan no xd'u m a T C T D nhan thay ban t h a n cd kha nang tutai eo ca'u va nhQng khach hang ma eae T C T D mud'n duy tri md'i quan he lau dai t h i cd t h i de l$i de cae T C T D tU xd ly. Ngoai ra, cac khoan no x l u vdi quy md nho, m a t u ban t h § n T C T D cd the thpc hien thu hdi tdt hon V A M C , cung ndn dupe de lai cho cae TCTD tiJ xd ly. D l dat dupc Ipi the kinh t l n h d quy m d , V A M C nen chuyin ta't ca cac khoan np cd lidn h§
vdi nhau {vf d u , cac kho^n vay cua cung mdt k h a c h hang, mdt n h d m k h a c h hang hoac cac khoan vay lidn quan de'n cung mdt tai san the c h i p ) thanh mgt n h d m va mua cac khoan no nay tQ phfa eae T C T D .
D d i vdi mua no xau theo gia thi trudng, t h u d n g rat khd d l dinh gia tai san xau, dUa tren kha nang p h u c h d i , dU bao ddng tien (vdi t ^ Id c h i e t k h ^ u phu hop), va t h i m d j n h tai san t h i chap, V A M C ndn xae d j n h mdt gia trj xa'p x i cua cae khoan np va SLf d g n g eho muc d f c h eija viec chuyen giao. D o thdi gian la mOt v a n de ludn dUpc quan tam trong cdng tae XLf ly np x l u va sd lUpng eac khoan np xa'u la ra't nhieu, viec ehuyen giao se d i d n ra t?i mUe gia ban dau vdi thda thu^n ro rang giQa ben ban va bdn mua v i mUc gia cudi c u n g cua giao dich duoc xac d j n h sau khi gia tri cLia eac tai san da dupe V A M C XLf ly hoan toan. Ngoai ra, c h u y i n giao
- HOAT BONG NGAN HANG VIET NAM 2014, OjNH Hl/^NG NAM 201S %
tai san c h o V A M C tai mUc gia thj trudng ddi hoi V A M C t h a c b i e n mpt muc t i e u rd rang la thu hdi lai sd'vd'n bo ra ban d a u . NhQng ban c h l eua phUpng p h a p nay la nd ed t h i lam g i a m mpt p h i n m o n g mud'n ban eae khoan np xau c h o V A M C do ca Ipi i c h va rui ro chUa dUOc xac d j n h c h i n h xac tai t h d i d i l m chuyen giao khoan no x l u . Trong trUdng hpp nay, mdt sd thoa thuan chia se Ipi nhuEtn hoae thua Id giOa V A M C va eac T C T D ed t h i gitjp khac phuc v a n d e . Song song vfli cdng tae nay, phat t r i l n mdt t h j trudng mua ban np sau rdng, cdng k h a i , m i n h b a c h , vdi sp t h a m gia cua nha d i u tU nude ngoai dudi sp quan ly, g i a m sat eua C b i n b phu la viee lam he't sdc can t h i e t ddi vfli Viet N a m h i e n nay.
Thd tu, c d n g tac XLf ly np xau p h a i gan vdi qua t r i n h tai cP eau he t h d n g T C T D , t r o n g do cd co csfu lai boat d d n g va hd thd'ng quan tri ngan h a n g , tQ quan trj doanh n g h i d p d i n quan tri rui ro, dac biet la rui ro t i n d g n g . SU yeu k e m cua he t h d n g T C T D la nguydn n h a n dan tdi t i n h t r a n g nP xau gia t a n g va c u n g la nhQng nhan t d c a n t r d qua t r i n h xCf ly np xau. Khdng dQng lai 6 d d , nhQng bat c a p trong be t h d n g T C T D cdn de dpa n g h i d m trpng tfli SL/
dn d j n h eua he t h d n g tai c h i n h va nen k i n h t l vT m d . Xua't phat t U t h a e t r a n g nay, hUdng tfli hoan t h i e n vai trd ctJa hd t h d n g T C T D ddi vdi st^dn d j n h k i n h te vT m d va phat t r i l n k i n h te b i n vQng, m a t r o n g n g i n h?n la bao d a m hieu qua XLf ly np xau va d i e u h a n h CSTT, c a n p h a i t i e n h a n h eP e^u l^i toan d i e n h d t h d n g T C T D Vidt
N a m theo t i n h t h a n cua D l an Co cau lai hd t h d n g cac T C T D giai doan 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 5 . Trong qua t r i n h XLf ly no x l u , viec thUe hien cac bien phap han che np xau phat sinh va bao d a m t h a n h k h o a n , tao sp an toan eho he thd'ng T C T D thdng qua vide co ca'u lai la n h i d m vg e i n dupe cae T C T D ehu y t r i l n k h a i .
Thd nam, thUc t i l n Viet N a m cho t h a y mUe d d t h i l u m i n h bach ve thpe trang np xau eua hd thdng T C T D da anh hUdng tdi vide k i l m soat va xCf ly np xau.
Vide CO quan quan ly N h a nUdc khdng nfim dUpc c h i n h xac quy m d va d^c d i e m etja np xau tai hd t b d n g T C T D da khien cho c d n g tac k i l m soat chat lUpng t i n dgng khdng d^t hidg qua.
H d Igy la nhufng b i d n p h a p khac phgc thudng chi dUOc trien khai va phat huy tac d u n g khi np xau da d mQc eao, anh hudng tdi sU dn d m h va an toan cua hd thd'ng. Ben canh d d , ngUdi gCfi t i l n va cac ddi tae, nha d i u t a eung khdng cd t h d n g t i n day du va c h f n h xac v l thpc trang np xau khi tbuyet m i n h p h a n loai no tai Bao cao tai ehfnh eCia cac T C T D kha sO sai va thieu trung thQc khi t y le np xau d i u d mUc t h a p hdn n h i l u so vdi mQc d a n g quan ngai. N h a vay, q u y l n Ipi cua ngUdi gCfi t i l n va cae co d d n g khdng duac bao d a m theo dtjng n h a nhflng quy d i n h cija N H N N Viet N a m v l c d n g b d t h d n g t i n , t h d n g Id va chuan mpc v l quan trj doanh nghiep.
Trong thdi gian t d i , N H N N c a n x e m xet mdt s d giai phap n h a m bao d a m sU m i n h baeh v l np x l u tai cae T C T D , qua d d n a n g eao
hidu qua cdng tae xd ly np x l u tQ phfa CP quan quan ly N h a nQdc eung n h u thtjc d l y eae T C T D tieh eUe t r i l n khai cac bien p h a p xd ly no xau.
N H N N ban hanh Thdng tU v l cdng b d cac thdng t i n cua he thdng T C T D , trong d d cd ydu cau cac T C T D bao cao thUdng xuydn v l t i n h h i n h eha't laong t i n d g n g , ty Id np xa'u ve C P quan T h a n h tra, g i a m sat ngan hang. D e bao dam tfnh tuan t h i j , trUdng hop T C T D nao ed dau hieu bao cao khdng day du ya c h f n h xac, Ca quan T h a n h tra, g i a m sat ngan hang can lap doan thanh tra t i e n hanh k i e m tra t i n h h i n h chat luong t i n dtJng tai T C T D va nd'u phat hidn trUdng hop c d y vi p h a m quy d j n h cua N H N N se k i l n nghj ap dung mdt sd b i e n phap XLf ly n g h i d m m i n h . Cac bien phap xQ phat cd t h i la:
khdng cho phep T C T D daoc tang trudng tfn dgng, khdng cho phep T C T D dapc vay tai e l p v d n tU N H N N , khdng cho phep T C T D dupe m d t h d m chi n h a n h , p h d n g giao d i c h trong mdt thdi gian nhat d i n h , va edng b d t h d n g t i n v l vi p h a m cua T C T D trdn cae phuong tidn t h d n g t i n dai ehung d i t a n g tfnh ran de...
- c a c bao cao tai c h f n h va bao eao thudng nien eua eac T C T D ddi vfli ngUdi gd\ t i e n , khach hang vay v d n , c d d d n g , nha dau tu... phai dUpc N H N N phd duydt v l ndi d u n g d l bao d a m mQc dp c h i n h xae trong t h d n g t i n , trong d d dae bidt tap t r u n g vao cae t h d n g t i n lidn quan den c h i t lupng t i n d g n g . TrUdng hpp, y k i l n cua k i l m toan doc lap va bao eao cua T C T D k h d n g
TAP CHi NGAN HANG j SO 3+4 | THANG 2/2015 Q
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p h a n anh dung mUc dp rui ro t i n d g n g cua T C T D , N H N N se cho tid'n hanh thanh tra tai T C T D n h a m phat hien eac sai sdt va cd ydu c l u T C T D c h i n h sCfa, b d sung trade khi cdng b d trdn cac phuong tidn thdng t i n d?i c h u n g . Thd siu, N H N N va hd thdng T C T D can phd'i hpp eh$t che vdi cae eo quan quan ly N h a nudc n h u Bd Cdng a n , Bd TU p h a p , Bd Tai nguydn va mdi trudng d l hoan thien cP sd phap ly, cac ehe tai ddi vdi cae hanh vi vi p h ^ m phap luat d i n tdi no xau;
bd sung va hoan thien cac quy d j n h tao d i l u kien cho eae hoat ddng mua b a n , xQ ly no xa'u nhU xCf ly tai san bao d a m didn ra thuan loi, dung phap luSt. Ben e^nh d d , nganh Ngan hang can tid'p tuc t r i l n khai eae giai phap tang cUdng phd'i hpp vdi cac Bd, nganh, d i a phuong trong vide x d ly no xau va hd tro T C T D , va dac bidt la V A M C , trong vide hoan thidn hd so phap ly, thu hdi np va xd ly tai san bao dam hieu qua.
Thd bay, cdng tac xQ ly no xa'u can dupe gSn vdi cac giai phap hd trp doanh nghidp va nen k i n h te' n h a hd trp ve gian t h u l , m i l n g i a m thud', giup doanh nghiep thanh ly hang tdn kho, t i m k i e m thj tradng dau ra, kfch e l u tidu dung, cO cau lai t h i trUdng bat ddng san... thdng qua cdng tae d i l u hanh chfnh saeh t i l n te, c h f n h sach tai khoa, c h f n h sach thuong mai...
Cud'i cung, bdn canh vide tap t r u n g XLf ly np xau, trong thdi gian tfli, eae T C T D Viet N a m can phai ehu trpng viec han e h l np xa'u tid'p tgc phat sinh.
M u d n vay, ban than cac T C T D
c i n thue hien danh gia l a i , d l d i l u c h i n h c h i n h saeh t i n d u n g va quy t r i n h t i n dgng eho phu hpp vdi muc tidu hUdng tdi tSng trudng t i n d u n g nhUng v a n bao d a m eha't lUPng t i n d u n g . C h i n h saeh tang trUdng tfn d g n g m^tnh n h u trong giai doan t d nam 2 0 0 5 cho tdi 2 0 1 0 khdng cdn phu hpp, va thac t l da eho t h i y vide m d rdng t i n d g n g qua mUe nhUng khdng tap trung quan tam bao dam c h i t lUPng tin d u n g da gay ra nhflng hd qua khdng td't dd'i vdi khdng c h l k h a c h hang vay vdn ma ca vdi ban t h a n cac T C T D . Trong thdi gian t d i , thay ddi e h i n h sach tin d u n g can tap trung n h i l u hdn vao viec dieu c h i n h tfn dung theo cP c l u nganh n g h l , UU t i d n t i n d u n g dd'i vdi cac i i n h vflc san x u l t , k i n h d o a n h , Lfu tidn theo d j n h hUdng cua C h i n h phu n h f l ndng nghidp ndng t h d n , doanh nghidp nhd va vUa... va ban chd'tfn dgng ddi vdi cac nganh n g h l cd mUc dp rui ro cao n h a bat d d n g san, chQng khoan ma chl duy tri mdt t y trpng thap nha't d j n h .
Ngoai ra, cae T C T D c i n phai bao d a m quy t r i n h eho vay phai duoc tuan thu d tat ca cac bUdc tU thudng xuyen cap nhat t h d n g t i n ve khach hang va khoan vay, thpe hien vide d a n h gia d j n h k^
tren co sd rui ro cua khaeh hang va khoan vay, thUe hidn d a n h gia, phan loai np n h a m cd eac bidn phap can thiep kjp t h d i . Cdng tac t h a m d j n h t i n dgng tai cac T C T D c i n dUpc tap t r u n g nang cao chat lupng n h a m bao d a m eha't lUpng, hieu qua cua cdng tac c h a m d i l m , xep loai khach hang va dUa ra quyet d j n h
t i n d u n g hpp ly, cung nha tao co sd cho c d n g tae k i l m tra, giam sat sau khi eho vay.
O l gan l i l n cdng tae phdng ngUa, ban c h e np xau phat sinh vfli tai CP eau he thdng TCTD, c i n nang cao nang lpc qu^n tri, dieu h a n h , he thong k i l m soat, k i l m toan npi b d , phat t r i l n he t h d n g quan trj rCii ro va cae chiln luc k i n h d o a n h , c h f n h sach, quy t r i n h , thu tgc cap t i n dgng theo hudng lanh m a n h , thSn trpng;
cai t h i d n t r i n h d p , dao dQc cija can bp t i n d g n g ngan hang cung la nhflng giai phap ma cac TCTD c a n t i e n b a n h de han c h l np xlu phat sinh trong tUPng lai.a
TAI UEU THAM KHAO:
1. To Ngoc HiJng 2013, Xil iy nO xau trong qua trinh tai cau true Ccic ngSn tiang ttiifdng mai ViSt Nam. Oe tai nghien cflu khoa tioc cap Nganh nam 2012.
2. Nghl flinh so 53/NO-CP ve th^nh lap, to chifc v^ hoat flong cua Cong ty Qucin ly ttii san cua c^c TCTD Viet Nam.
3. Quylt flinh 254/QO-TTg v6 ph6 duyet fle an Cd cau lai he thong TCTD giai floan 2011-2015
4. Quyet flinti 780/QO-NHNN ve viec ptian loai nd floi vdi nd fludc fli^u chinh Icy han tri nfl, gia han nd.
5. Quylt dmh 843/QO-TTg ve phe duyet 06 an Xll ly nci xau cua h? thong cac TCTD vafle an Thanh lap cong ty qu^n ly tai sSn ciia ck TCTD Vi?t Nam.
6. Thdng ttf sfi 02/2013/n-NHNN Quy flinh v i phan loai tk\ san co, mifc trich va phifdng phap trich lap DPRR va vi?c sil dyng flu phdng fle xCl Ij? nJi ro trong hoat flpng cila TCTO, chi nhanh ngan hang nifdc ngoai.
7. Thong lif s6 12/2013/TT-NHNN sfla dS mot so dieu cua Thflng tfl so 02/2013/TT- NHNN,
8 van ban 7789/NHNN-nGSNH vg v i ^ trich lap dt; phong vS SLI dung dtf phong dS xfl ly nji ro.
9. Van ban so 8421/NHNN-nGSNH v6 viec trien Ifliai thflc hign Quyet dinh 843/OD- ng.
10. T&i iifu Hfli nghi trien khai nhiem vy ng^nh Ngan hang nam 2015.
1 1 . Bao cao thtfdng nifin cac ngSn hang thfldng mai.
^ TAPCHiNGANHANG I 50 3+4 I THANG2/2015
