lAP cai clue iHifdNe
QUAN LY THANH TOAN BIEN MAU GI0A VIET NAM VA TRUNG QUOC
QUA NGAN HANG THITONG MAI
NGUYEN THI HONG CAM
TOM TAT:
Theo Quye't dinh sd' 689/2004/QD-NHNN ngay 07/6/2004 cua Thd'ng dd'c Ngan hang Nha nffdc ve viec ban hanh quy che thanh toan trong mua ban, trao ddi hang hda va dieh vu tai khu vifc bien gidi va khu kinh te cffa khau giffa Viet Nam va Trung Qud'c, thanh toan bien mau la viec thanh toan trong mua ban, trao ddi hang hda va dich vu qua bien gidi giffa thffdng nhan hai nffdc theo quy dinh tai eae Hiep dinh ve mua ban hang hda d vung bien gidi giffa Chinh phu hai nffdc bien gidi. Bai vie't phan tich hoat ddng thanh toan bien man tai Ngan hang Ndng nghiep va Phat trie'n Ndng thdn Viet Nam - Chi nhanh Lao Cai, ddng thdi de xua't mot so' bien phap quan ly hoat ddng thanh toan bien mau giffa Viet Nam va Trung Qud'c.
Tff khoa: Thanh toan bien mau, Ngan hang Ndng nghiep va Phat trien Ndng thdn.
1. Thanh toan bien mau
Thanh toan bien mau (TTBM) la viec thffc hien eae nghia vu chi tra va quyen ldi ve tien te phat sinh tff cac quan he kinh te, thffdng mai... ma ddng tien sff dung trong thanh toan la mdt trong hai ddng tien ban te ciia nffdc cd ehung bien gidi. Theo Quye't dinh sd 689/2004/QD-NHNN ngay 07/6/2004 ciia Thd'ng dd'c Ngan hang Nha nffdc ve viee ban hanh quy che thanh toan trong mua ban, trao ddi hang hda va dich vu tai khu vffc bien gidi va khu kinh te cffa khau giffa Viet Nam va Trung Qud'c, thanh toan bien mau la viec thanh toan trong mua ban, trao ddi hang hda va dich vu qua bien gidi giffa thffdng nhan hai nffdc theo quy dinh tai cac Hiep dinh ve mua ban hang hda d viing bien gidi giffa Chinh phu hai nffdc bien gidi.
2. Hoat dong thanh toan bien man qua ngan hang
Thanh todn bang chi phieu: Chi phieu bien mau la chffng tff thanh toan vd dieu kien do ngan hang (NH) phat hanh cap eho ngffdi ky phat de trich tien
tai tai khoan cua NH phat hanh md tai NH doi tac thanh toan trffc tie'p hoac chuyen tien vao tai khoan ciia ngffdi thu hffdng. Thdi ban hieu life ciia chi phieu do cac ngan hang thffdng mai (NHTM) khu vffc bien gidi quy dinh trong cac thda thuan hdp tac TTBM, thdng thffdng chi phieu NH co gia tri trong vdng 10 ngay ke tff ngay ky phat khong tinh ngay nghi, L l , Te't. Chi phieu dffdc sii dung dd'i vdi ddng ban te ciia nffdc ed chung bien gidi.
Chi phie'u qua han phai lam thii tuc thoai phieu.
Chi phie'u NH dffdc nha't loat ghi ten, ky hSu chuye'n nhffdng mot lan.
Thanh todn bang thU chuyen tien: Chd'ng ttf thff chuye'n den bien mau la do NH phat hanh theo yeu cau ciia ngffdi chuye'n tien nham thiic hien viec thanh toan cho ngffdi thu hffdng thong qua tai khoan ciia NH dd'i tac. Thdi ban hieu Itfc ciia chffng tff thff chuye'n tien bien mau trong vdng 10 ngay ke tff ngay phat hanh khong tinh ngay nghi, L l , Te't. Chffng tff qua ban phai lam thii tuc thoai phie'u.
334 So 14-Thdng 11/2018
TAI CHJNH-NGAN H A N G - B A O HIEM
Thanh todn bang dien chuyen: La hinh thffc chuyen tien bang dien, la phffdng thffc do ngffdi nhap khau (NK) lifa chpn, ngffdi NK yeu can NH chuye'n mdt so' tien nhat dinh cho ngffdi xua't khau (XK), d mot dia diem xac dinh bang he thd'ng mang SWIFT. NH cua nffdc NK se dien ra lenh gffi NH dai ly ciia minh d nffdc ngffdi XK thffc hien thanh toan tien cho ngffdi XK. Vdi hinh thffc thanh toan dien chuye'n, ngdn ngff la tie'ng Anh va ap dung tien ban te cua nffdc cd chung bien gidi, cd the sff dung hinh thffc chuyen tien tra trffdc hoac chuye'n tien tra sau.
Thanh todn bang thu tin dung: Thff tin dung la ban cam ke't trach nhiem cua NH tien hanh tra tien theo lenh ngffdi mua va la'y tff tai khoan ciia ngffdi mua (NK) de tra eho ngffdi XK sd' tien hang da giao khi ngffdi XK trinh chffng tff. Thff tin dung xua't phat va tren cd sd hdp ddng mua ban, nhffng doc lap vdi hdp ddng mua ban, ngdn ngff sff dung la tie'ng Anh va ap dung ban te ciia nffdc cd chung bien gidi.
Hogt dgng nhd thu bien mdu: La phffdng thffc thanh toan trong do ngffdi ban khi hoan thanh xong nghia vu giao hang hoac cung ffng dieh vu, iiy thac cho NH ciia minh thu hp so'tien tff ngffdi mua, tren cd sd dd bd'i phie'u do ngffdi ban lap ra gffi NH. Cd hai phffdng thffc cd ban la nhd thu phie'u trdn va nhd thu kem chffng tff.
Thu bdo lanh: Do NH phat hanh can cff theo de nghi cua nha NK de chffng minh cho nha XK tha'y kha nang tai chinh ciia minh, ddng thdi bao dam khi nha XK thffc hien day dii nghia vu quy dinh trong hdp ddng thffdng mai thi nha NK thffc hien tra tien theo quy dinh. Ne'u nha NK khdng thffc hien dffdc nghia vu tra tien thi NH phat hanh se diJng ra thffc hien viec tra tien thay cho nha NK.
Thff bao lanh TTBM ed the phat hanh bang thff hoac bang dien thdng qua mang SWIFT.
Thanh toan bang chuyen tien qua Internet (dieh vu Internet Banking hay Online Banking). Dich vu nay ehi boat dpng khi khach hang cd tai khoan tai Ngan hang, dang ky sff dung dich vu. Lenh giao dich qua Internet Banking eua khach hang la lenh chi, cac gia'y bao ed, cac dien tra soat va cac loai dien ma cac ngan hang gffi cho nhau thdng qua Internet Banking. Viee sff dung Internet Banking se han ehe dffdc qua trinh thanh toan thu cdng, nit ngan thdi gian trao ddi chffng tff qua bien gidi va giam thieu dffdc rui ro. TTBM qua Internet
Banking cho phep dd'i chieu chffng tff thanh toan, so' dff, in chffng tff...
3. Phan tich hoat ddng thanh toan bidn mau tai NgSn hang Nong nghiep va Phat trien Ndng thon Viet Nam - Chi nhanh Lao Cai
Thanh todn bang chi phieu: Tren dia ban tinh Lao Cai da cd 8 NHTM thifc hien TTBM, song TTBM tai Agribank Lao Cai van dang chie'm thi phan chii ye'u va vffdt trdi so vdi cac NHTM khac ve so' Iffdng khach hang, kha nang cung ffng ngudn ngoai te trong thanh toan dac biet la sff da dang cua san pham dieh vu TTBM.
Bang 1. Gia tr| va so lUdng chi phieu thanh toan bien mSu
Chi phieu TTBM Gia trj chi phie'u phat hanh Sd luong chi phieu phat hanh
DVT Ty dong Phieu
2013 421 2.415
2014 512 2.354
2015 534 2.412
2016 674
2.672 Nguon: Phdng Kinh doanh Ngogi hdi Agribank Lao Cai
Hinh thffc chi phie'u vIn kha thdng dung ap dung thanh toan bien man tai Lao Cai. Sd' Iffdng ehi phie'u phat hanh tang qua cac nam, tuy nhien so' Iffdng khdng nhieu. Dich vu thanh toan d cac cffa khau giap bien gidi vdi Trung Qud'c (TQ) cdn rat han che. Cac dich vu dffdc cung cap da dang nhffng so' Iffdng khach hang khdng nhieu, ty trpng thanh toan XNK qua he thd'ng NH chffa dat 50% tdng gia tri xua't nhap khau qua cffa khau khu vffc. (Bdng 2)
NH Ndng nghiep Ha Khau la dd'i tac truyen thd'ng, lau ddi nha't va doanh so' thanh toan ludn chie'm ty trpng Idn nha't trong so' cac NHTM TQ.
Do vay, chi phie'u do Agribank Lao Cai phat hanh da sd' la sff dung tai khoan tai NH Ndng nghiep Ha Khau, trff trffdng hdp sd' it khach hang yen cau chi dinh NH khac thffc hien nghiep vu thanh toan nay.
Cac giao dich tff ehi phie'u ngan hang Agribank Lao Cai ludn chie'm khoang 10% doanh soTTBM ciia Agribank Lao Cai vdi cac dd'i tac TQ.
Thanh todn bang thu chuyen tien: Chi phi chuye'n tien kha tha'p nhffng td'c dp cham (tff 1 de'n 3 ngay ngffdi nhan mdi nhan dffdc tien). Tuy nhien, trong vdng 10 ngay ngffdi nhan khdng de'n nhan tien, giao dich bi hiiy va thff chuyen tien dffdc gffi ve NH phat hanh.
TAP CHi CONG THIftfNG
Bang 2. Doanh so TTBM vdi cac NHTM doi tac cOa Tmng Quoc
Nam
2013 2014 2015 2016
NH NN Ha Khau So tien
(tyd) 4.991 3.988 6.466 4.406
Ty trpng (%)
68 63 75 77
NH Kien thiet So tien
(tyd) 1.269 816 734 391
Ty trong (%)
18 13 9 6,8
NH Ngoai thUOng So tien
(tyd) 873 1.364 1.019 269
Ty trong (%)
14 22 13 4,7
NH Cong thUOng So tien
(tyd) 0 109
41 19
Ty trong (%)
2 0,5 0,3
HTX Tfn Dung So tien
(tyd) 0 0 141 527
Ty trpng (%)
1,7 9,2
NH Phu Dien So tien
(tyd) 0 0 51 100
Ty trong (%)
~oJ~
1,7
Ngudn: Phdng Kinh doanh Ngogi hdi Agribank Lao Cai Bang 3. Gia tn va so iircing chuyen tien bien mdu
Thu chuyen tien Gia tri thu chuyen tien S d lUdng thu chuyen tien
Don v|
tfnh
Ty dong
Lupt
2013
4,9
34
2014
5,8
54
2015
6,5
42
2016
7,2
57
Nguon: Phdng Kinh doanh Ngogi hdi Agribank Lao Cai Thanh todn bang dien chuyen: Hinh thffc thanh toan nay nhanh, gpn, dp an toan eao nhffng chi phi eao hdn phffdng thffc chuye'n tien va riii ro cho ben mua cao, do khi da chuyen tien thi khdng cd quy hoi dien da chuyen. Xet ty trpng gia tri chuyen tien trong gia tri dieh vu bien mau tao ra, Ty trpng dien chuyen tien chie'm 24% doanh sd TTBM. Dien chuyen tien bien mau vIn thdng dung do kinh doanh qua cffa khau Lao Cai vln la cac tieu thffdng va budn ban nhd le, mua vu.
Bang 4. So laong di§n chuyen tien bien m§u giai doan 2013-2016
Di$n chuyen tien Gia tn dien chuyen tien S d lupng dien chuyen tien
DVT
Ty dong
Phieu 2013
354
1.647 2014
475
1.934 2015
486
2.015 2 0 1 6
497
1.943
Nguon: Phdng Kinh doanh Ngogi hdi Agribank Lao Cai Thanh todn bdng thu tin dung: Net dac thu ciia thanh toan bang thff tin dung la viec tra tien eua NH chi can cff vao sff phu hdp cua cac chffng tff hang hda vdi nhffng dieu kien neu trong thff tin
dung ma khdng trffc tie'p dffa vao hdp dong mua ban ngoai thffdng. Do vay, NH khdng hi rang buoc bdi nhffng dieu khoan trong hdp dong mua ban ngoai thffdng ma chi bi rang budc cac dieu kien trong ndi dung cua thff tin dung.
Bang 5. So lUdng va gia tri thu tfn dung bien m^u giai doan 2013-2016
Thu tfn dung bien m$u Gia tn t h u tin dung S d lupng t h u tfn dung Khach hang sQ dung thu tfn dung
Ddnvi
Ty dong
Sd thu
Don v!
2013
876
215
43
2014
1.142
234
43 2015
1.917
287
52 2016
2.327
292
55
Nguon: Phdng Kinh doanh Ngogi hdi Agribank Lao Cai Hogt dgng nhd thu: So' Iffdng khach hang suf dung it nhffng so' Iffdng giao dich Idn nen gia tri phifdng thffc thanh toan nay khdng nhd. Khach hang sfidung dich vu cd ca ea nhan va phap nhan, so' Iffdng ca nhan sff dung dich vu tha'p hdn phap nhan.
Bang 6. So lUdng Idiach hang va gia tri giao d|ch nhd thu bien m$u
Nhd thu bien m$u
Gia tn nhd thu KH s i i dung djch
vu nhd thu
Donvi
Ty dong
To chUc 2013
876
21
2014
1.142
23 2015
1.917
29 2016
2.327
32
Nguon: Phong Kinh doanh Ngogi hdi Agribank Lao Cm 336 So 14 - Thdng 11/2018
T A I CHiNH - N G A N HANG - BAO HIEM
Thu bdo lanh: NH khdng phai xua't vd'n ngay, khdng phai chi tra chi phi huy ddng va khdng mat chi phi ed hdi cho muc dich kinh doanh khac. Nhd CO bao lanh cac ben yen tam tham gia ky ke't hdp dong va cd tranh nhiem vdi cac nghia vu da ky ket. Bao lanh dem lai ldi ich cho ta't ca cac ben tham gia, nhff vay mang lai ldi ich cho nen kinh te noi chung.
Bang 7. So i
Bao lanh bien m$u Sd lupng thu So khach hang
Udng thuA bien m3u
Ddnvi Bp Td chUc
So khach hang bao lanh (2013-2016)
2013 341 41
2014 361 45
2015 325 42
2016 394 48
Nguon: Phdng Kinh doanh Ngogi hdi Agribank Lao Cai
Thanh todn bang chuyen tien qua Internet:
Agribank Lao Cai tie'n hanh tff nam 2007. Khach hang thffc hien TTBM qua Internet Banking vdi cac dd'i tac TQ, trong vdng 10 phiit cd the nhan dffdc tien cua dd'i tac chuyen qua tai khoan, chi tra 01 CNY (tffdng dffdng 0,147 USD va 3.270 VND tuy tffng thdi diem) thay vi phai chi 5 USD dien phi ne'u thffc hien thanh toan qua mang vien thdng lien ngan hang qud'c te (SWIFT). Dong thdi, thffc Men TTBM qua kenh nay, viec luan chuyen chffng tuf dffdc ddn gian hda, cho phep dd'i chieu ngay chffng tff thanh toan, sd' dff, chi tie't tffng mdn giao dich, chuyen tien, thanh toan, in chffng tff...
Bang 8. Thanh toan bien m3u bang hinh thdc Intemet Banking
Noi dung Tong sd giao djch HBM
SdgiaodjchTTBM qua Intemet Banking
2013 22.130
11.510 2014 21.970
13.840 2015 22.190
15.755 2016 23.430
17.570
Nguon: Phdng Kinh doanh Ngogi hdi Agribank Lao Cai
4. De xuS't mot s6' bi$n phap quan ly hoat fl6ng thanh toan bien mSu giila Viet Nam va Trung Qud'c
Tang cffdng ffng dung cdng nghe thdng tin trong boat ddng TTBM vffa phii hdp vdi xu hffdng phat trien each mang cdng nghe, vffa nhanh chdng
trong mpi giao dich, an toan khi Iffu giff cac chffng tff thdng qua cac san pham khoa hpc cdng nghe.
Ben canh dd, cac ngan hang cd the sff dung he thd'ng thdng tin quan ly boat ddng TTBM cd hieu qua hdn.
Nang cao trinh dp, nghiep vu va tac phong chuyen nghiep ve TTBM cua can bp ngan bang.
Mdi can bp ngan hang can cd trinh dp du de dam nhiem va chiu trach nhiem ve vi tri cdng viec cua hp; ddc lap tac nghiep de khdng gay anh hffdng de'n ke't qua cdng viec cua dong nghiep; giff ky luat va dao dffc nghe de giff long tin va tin nhiem cua khach hang.
- Cac ngan hang thffdng xuyen nghien cffu dffa ra cac hinh thffc TTBM mdi, phuc vu nhu cau thanh toan ciia khach hang theo eae tieu chi: nhanh chdng, thuan tien ma van day dii thdng tin Iffu giff va chffng tff can thie't cho boat ddng TTBM.
Quan ly riii ro trong boat ddng TTBM can dffdc quan tam vdi nhffng phffdng an phdng ngffa can thie't de dam bao mpi hoat ddng TTBM ciia ngan hang nam trong tam kiem soat cua NH, trong dd de cao vai trd cua nguon nhan lffe trong phdng tranh riii ro.
- Can cd cac boat dpng truyen thdng, quang ba ve dieh vu TTBM de nhan rdng md hinh TTBM tdi ngffdi dan. Hoat dpng nay vffa tao dffdc tin nhiem cua nhan dan vdi ngan hang, vffa tao ra trat tff xa hdi va to chffc boat ddng TTBM ed quy eii.
Dac biet, cac nffdc ehung dffdng bien gidi hau he't ddi song nhan dan tffdng dd'i tha'p, da so' nhan dan la ngffdi dan tdc thieu so' viing ven dpc bien gidi chffa tham gia va cung chffa dffdc hffdng ldi ich do bien man dem lai. Vi vay, can tuyen truyen nang cao nhan thffc eho nhan dan vung bien ve tam quan trpng eiia boat ddng bien mau, coi phat trien bien mau la mot giai phap cd hieu qua de giam ngheo, lam giau cho cac dan tdc viing bien.
- Can ed sff phd'i hdp giffa cac ban, nganh lien quan nhff Bien phdng, Hai quan...; trao dd'i thdng tin ve boat dpng kinh doanh XNK cua cac doanh nghiep ndi chung va boat ddng bien mau ndi rieng tranh tinh trang khach hang khai bao gian lan.
Dong thdi, tang cffdng kie'm tra hoat dpng thu ddi ngoai te tai ban thu dd'i cua tff nhan nham nang cao
TAP CHJ CONG THIfOlNG
vai trd quan ly tien te khu vffc bien gidi, phdng chd'ng tien gia...
- De ban ehe riii ro ty gia trong TTBM, Ngan hang Nha nffdc nen bd' sung qui dinh cho phep cac NHTM trffc tie'p TTBM thffc hien chuyen dd'i tien CNY thanh USD hoac dong EURO khi can thiet.
Cd nhff vay mdi giai quye't dffdc van de thffa thie'u nguon ban te trong thanh toan, han ehe riii ro ty gia eho cac doanh nghiep thffc hien thanh toan XNK bang dong ban te.
Dd'i vdi cac mat hang XNK hdp phap qua cac cffa khau phia Viet Nam (cd td khai hai quan) nhffng chffa hdp phap tai TQ, NHNN can cdng nhan ve viee thanh toan qua ngan hang dd'i vdi eae doanh nghiep ed tien CNY chuyen vao
tai khoan CNY ciia cac NHTM Viet Nam md tai NHTM TQ bang cac binh thffc nhff nop tien mat hoac gia'y bao ed ciia Ngan hang TQ, va xuat trinh dffdc bd chffng tff XNK hdp phap qua ciia khau bien gidi Viet Nam.
Tie'p tue nghien cffu chinh sffa Quy che quan ly tien cua cac nffdc ed chung dffdng bien gidi ciio phu hdp vdi tinh hinh thffc te hien nay. Xay difng, ban hanh, bd sung va sffa ddi van ban hffdng din ve thanh toan XNK vdi TQ; ve quan ly ddi vdi cac ban ddi ngoai te ca nhan va hffdng tdi viec xoa bo hoat dpng nay nhanh chdng.
- Can phd'i hdp vdi cac bd, nganh xay di/ng van ban quy dinh ve cd che phd'i hdp trong quan ly ngoai hdi khu vffc bien gidi •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Agribank Ldo Cai (2017), Bdo cdo hogt dgng kinh doanh vd kinh doanh ngogi hdi ndm 2012-2016, Lao Cai.
2. Agribank Viet Nam (2005), Quyi't dinh 1998/QD-Agribank-QHQT ngdy 15/12/2005 vi quy trinh nghiep vu thanh todn qude ti trong hi thdng Agribank Viet Nam.
3. Bg Tdi chinh (2003), Cdng vdn sd 5957/TC/TCT ngdy 09/06/2003 vd Cdng vdn sd 8282/TC/TCT ngay 12/6/2003 vi viec hudng ddn thanh todn qudc ti.
4. Cue Hdi quan tinh Ldo Cai (2016), Bdo cdo cdng tdc thdng quan hdng hda xudt nhap khau nam 2016, Ldo Cai.
5. Phan My Duyin (2017), Hogt dgng thanh todn biin mdu tgi Ngdn hdng Ndng nghiep vd Phdt trien Nong thdn Viet Nam - Chi nhanh Ldo Cai, Hd Ndi.
6. Ngdn hdng Nhd nudc - Chi nhdnh tinh Ldo Cai (2016), Bdo cdo mgt sdtinh hinh thanh todn biin gidi va hoat dgng mua bdn nhdn ddn ti trin dia bdn tinh Ldo Cai, Ldo Cai.
7. Ngdn hdng Nhd nudc (2004), Quyi't dinh sd 689/2004/QD-NHNN ngdy 07/6/2004 ve viee quy che thanh todn trong mua bdn, trao ddi hdng hda vd dich vu tgi khu vffc bien gidi vd khu kinh ti cffa khau giffa Viet Nat"
Trung Qudc.
8. Tdng cue Hdi Quan (2003), Cdng vdn sd3910/TCHS-KTTTngdy 13/08/2003 vi viec thanh todn theophumg thffc biin mdu.
9. Tdng cue Hdi Quan (2016), Cdng vdn sd384/QD-TCHQ ngdy 04/3/2016 vi viec quy chi trao doi thong tin td khai hdi quan diin tff, thu nop tiin thui, tien chdm nop, tiin phgt, tiin phi, li phi, cdc khodn thu khdc, bao lanh thue dd'i vdi hdng hda xudt khau, nhap khau vd thu nop tien phi, li phi, cdc khodn thu khdc ddi vdi cdc ccfquon qudn ly thu qua Cong thanh todn diin tff cda Tong cue Hdi quan.
338 So 14 Thdng 11/2018
T A I
CHJNH -
N G A N H A N G- BAO HIEM
Ngay nhan bai: 1/10/2018
Ngay phan bidn danh gia va sufa chi^a: 11/10/2018 Ngay cha'p nhan dang bai: 21/10/2018
Thong tin tdc gid:
TS. NGUYEN THI HONG CAM Trffdng Dai hoc Cdng doan
PROPOSING SOME MEASURES TO MANAGE THE CROSS-BORDER PAYMENT ACTIVITIES BETWEEN VIETNAM AND CHINA VIA COMMERCIAL BANKS
• Ph.D NGUYEN THI HONG CAM Trade Union University
ABTRACT:
According to Decision No. 689/2004 / QD-NHNN dated 07 June, 2004 of the Governor of the State Bank of Vietnam on promulgating the regulation on payment for goods and services trading and exchange in border areas and border-gate economic zones between Vietnam and China, the cross-border payment is defined as the payment for cross-border transactions of goods and services which are made at the border areas between Vietnamese and Chinese traders. These transactions have to comply with regulations of the Border Trade Agreement between Vietnamese and Chinese governments. This paper is to analyze the cross-border payment activities that are made via Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development - Lao Cai Province Branch, and proposes some measures to manage the cross-border payment activities between Vietnam and China.
Keywords: Cross-border payment, Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development - Lao Cai Province Branch.
