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NANG CAO NANG LlTC CANH TRANH CUA NGANH NGAN HANG VIET NAM
TRONG BOI CANH THl/C THI HIEP DINH CPTPP
• v u NGOC DIEP
TOM TAT:
Hidp dinh Bdi tac loan dien va Tie'n bd xuyen Thai Binh Dffdng (CPTPP) dffde kf ket giffa 11 nffdc thanh vien nam hai ben bd Thai Binh Dffdng, trong dd cd Viet Nam. Hiep dinh gdm 30 chffdng vdi khoang 6.000 trang van ban bao trum rat nhieu vS'n de til thffdng mai Iruyen thd'ng, thffdng mai it dffde bie't dd'n va cae va'n de khac lien quan dd'n thffdng mai, trong dd cd ITnh vffc lai chinh - ngan hang. Vide thffc thi Hiep dinh CPTPP se mang lai nhieu cd hdi v^
thach thffc cho nen kinh id Viet Nam ndi chung, cung nhff linh vffc tai ehinh - ngan hang ndi rieng. Bai vie't tim hieu vd Hiep dinh CPTPP, nhffng cam ke't trong Iinh vffc tai chinh - ngan hang va thtfc trang nang iffc canh tranh cua nganh NgSn hang. Ddng thdi, difa ra mot so' giii phap nham nang cao nang lu'c canh tiranh cua nganh Ngan hang trffdc bd'i canh thffc thi Hiep dinh CPTPP.
Tff khoa: Nang li/c canh tranh, nganh Ngan hang Vidt Nam, Hiep dinh CPTPP.
1. Cac cam ket trong Ghh vffc tai clu'nh - ng^n hang cua CPTPP
CPTPP la mdt dang FTA the he mdi, tieu chuan cao..., do cd mffc dp cam ke't tii do hda cao nha't, vdi pham vi bao trum nhieu linh vffc nha't, tap trung day manh lir do hda khdng ehi trong Imh vffc thffdng mai hang hda, ma cdn dd'i vdi dich vu va dau tir, tiong dd cd nganh dich vu lai chinh. Ndi dung cam ke't ve dich vu tai chinh nam trong chffdng thff 11 trong tdng sd' 30 chrfcfng cua Hiep dinh. Gid'ng nhir WTO hay mdt so' Hiep dinh FTA khac, CPTPP dffa ra cac qui dmh cd't ldi nhiT: Dd'i xff qud'c gia, Dd'i xff td'i hue qud'e; Tie'p can thi trffdng va mdt vai quy dmh cu the ve vide cung ca'p dich vu tai chinh qua bien gidi. Theo ndi dung ke't thuc dam phdn tiong Iinh vffc dich vu tai chinh.
mdt nha cung ca'p dich vu cua mdt nffdc CPTPP c6 the cung ca'p dich vu tai ehinh tai thi trffdng cua nffdc tham gia CPTPP khac, ne'u cac cdng ty trong nifdc boat ddng tai thi trffdng nay dffde phep cung ca'p dich vu dd.
Cae nffdc thanh vien cua CPTPP phdi ban hanh quy dinh trffdng hdp ngoai Id dd'i vdi mdt sd qui lac trong phu luc dinh kem theo CPTPP va phil hdp vdi didu kien eua tffng nffdc, gdm: (i) Cac bien phap hien hanh quy dinh, ben tham gia phai cd nghia vu khdng ap dat them ba'l ky bien phap che tai nao khac trong tffdng lai, cung nhu' luan thii thda thuan Iff do hda trong eac hcct ddng sau nay;
(ii) cac bidn phap va chinh sach - •- .^nb bdn tham gia cd day dd quydn Iff quye't tr( ,.,.. W\J,;^ !ai.
CAc nffdc tham gia CPTPP ^.ang dai a cac
KINHTE
nguyen lac cdng nhan chinh thffc tam quan trong cua eac quy trinh thu tue phap ly nham khuye'n khich viee cung cap cac dich vu bao hidm cua cac nha cung ca'p dffde ca'p phdp va cac quy trinh dd dat difcfc mue tieu nay. Ngoai ra, Hidp dinh CPTPP cung de cap de'n cac cam kd't cu the ve quan ly danh muc dau tff, cae dich vu the thanh loan didn iff va chuyen giao thdng tin de phuc vu muc dich xff ly dff lidu (Trung iSm WTO, 2018).
Diem khac biet eua CPTPP so vdi eac FTA khac la vide nha'n manh kha nang quan ly dd'i vdi cae td chffc va thi trtfdng lai chinh, cae bien phap khan ca'p trong trffdng hdp khung hoang, cae bidn phap thuc dly sff dn dinh tai chinh va sff toan ven cua he thd'ng tai chinh bao gdm cae ngoai le than trgng va cic ngoai Id ve cac bien phap khdng phSn biet ddi xff nham theo dudi cac chinh sach lien le (CSTT) hoac chinh sach cu the khac. Nhff vay, dd'i vdi ITnh vifc dich vu tai chinh trong CPTPP, mac du yeu cau cung ca'p nhieu ed hdi tid'p can thi trffdng va dIu tff qua bidn gidi nhufng van dam bao rang, cae nffdc trong CPTPP cd du nang life dieu hanh thi trffdng va cac id chffc lai chinh cung nhff thffc hien cae bidn phap khan ca'p trong trffdng hdp khung hoang.
Tuy nhien, CPTPP cung de cap de'n cac trffdng hdp ngoai Id trong vide bao hd quydn tff chi3 eua cae nha qudn ly lai chinh eua cac nffdc tham gia CPTPP, trong dd hp se diTdc quyen chu ddng thure hien cac bidn phap cung ed' tinh dn dinh tai chinh va tinh thd'ng nha't eua he Uid'ng tai ehinh eiia minh, bao gdm: nhffng qui dinh ngoai le ma cac qud'e gia thanh vien xem xet mdt each than trong va nhffng quy dinh ngoai Id vd cae bien phap khdng phan biet ddi xu" trong qua trinh thie't lap va thffc thi eac CSTT hay cae ehinh sach khac.
CPTPP cung cd thi lao sffc ep dd'i vdi mot sd qud'e gia thanh vien trong vide eai each the chd, thuc da'y canh tranh, gidi quyd't va ffng phd vdi cac thach thffc mdi. Nganh Ngan hang Viet Nam - ddng vai trd trung gian ra't quan trong trong viee ke't nd'i moi hoat ddng eua nen kinh te', la lidn de ciia phat tridn kinh te' xa hdi, cung se khdng nam ngoai cac tdc ddng, anh hffdng tff CPTPP. Cung vdi sff van ddng phdt tridn ciia toan nen kinh te' va sff phat trien manh me cua cac doanh nghiep xua't kh£u CO ldi the canh tranh (nhff det may, da giay, Iinh kien didn iff...), nganh NgSn hang se phat huy
tdi da vai trd la cau nd'i, kenh dan vd'n hieu qua giffa nen kinh te' va cac doanh nghiep, dong thdi md rdng he thd'ng thanh loan qud'c te' giiip hd trd doanh nghiep Vidt Nam trong vide md rdng hoat ddng ldi eac thi trffdng mdi, qua dd, hidn thffc hda cac cd hdi do hdi nhap kinh td' qud'c te' mang lai.
Ben canh dd, nganh Ngan hang cung can phdi chu ddng danh gid cde thach thffc khd khan phai dd'i mat de cd nhffng dinh hifdng, gidi phdp phil hdp cho sff phdt trien dn dinh va ben vffng tru'dc bd'i canh mdi.
2. Thffc trang nang Iffc canh tranh cua cac ngSn hang thffobg mai Viet Nam hien nay
Theo ddnh gia eua Didn dan Kinh te Thd' gidi (WEF) lai bdo cdo nang life canh tranh loan cau dffde cdng bd'hang nam, so vdi 11 qud'c gia ky ke't Hiep dinh CPTPP, nang life canh tranh eua Viet Nam ludn diTde ddnh gia d mffc khiem td'n.
Mac du nam 2017, vi tri ciia Viet Nam da du'dc eai thien rd rdt trong bang xdp hang canh tranh toan cau nhffng cung ehi dffng tren 1 qud'c gia la Peru ne'u xel trong sd'cde qud'c gia thanh vienky ket CPTPP. (Rdng 1).
Cae ehi lieu danh gia eiia WEF dffde chia thanh 3 nhdm chinh bao gdm: (i) Ydu can ed ban: the chd', ed sd ha tang, kinh le' vi md, y le va giao due lieu hoc; (ii) Ndng cao hidu sua't: giao due cao hpc, hieu qua tren thi trffdng hang hda, thi trffdng lao ddng, sff phat trien cua thi trffdng tai chinh, trinh dd cdng nghe, quy md thi trffdng; (iii) Sang lao: do tinh vi irong td chffc cua doanh nghiep va tinh dot phd. Thff hang ve sff phdt tiidn cua thi trffdng tai chinh trong WEF dffde xac dmh dffa tren ke't qua danh gia ciia 8 lieu ehi khdc nhau, bao gdm: si/ sCn sang cua cae dich vu tai ehinh, cae dich vu tai chinh gid thd'p, dau tiJ thdng qua thi trffdng vd'n ehu sdhffu, tie'p can tin dung, dau tff mao hidm, sff lanh manh cua eac ngan hang, qudn ly thi trffdng chffng khodn, quyen hdp phdp. Theo ke't qua nay, sff phat trien cua cac dich vu tai chinh Viet Nam cung ludn dffng d vi tri trung binh tha'p so vdi 11 qud'e gia thanh vien CPTPP: (Bang 2).
Bao cdo eua WEF cho thd'y mffc do tie'p can tin dung va sff lanh manh eiia ede ngan hdng trong nam 2017 da khie'n cho thff bac xd'p hang eua sff phat trien thi trffdng lai ehinh Viet Nam trong WEF nam d vi tri khdng ma'y kha quan so vdi cde qud'c gia trong khd'i CPTPP, dac biet dd
So 7 - T h a n g 4/2019 59
TAP CHl CONG T H M G
Bang 1. Xep hgng nang luc cgnh tranh toon cdu cua cac quoc gia Ihdnh vien kel CPTPP trong giai dogn 2008-2017
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
N$i dung Singapore Nhat Ban New Zealand
Canada Australia Malaysia Chile Brunei Mexico Vi6t Nam
Peru 2009
5/134 9/134 2/134 10/134 14/134 21/134 28/134 39/134 60/134 70/134 83/134
2010 3/139 6/139 23/139 10/139 16/139 26/139 30/139 28/139 66/139 59/139 73/139
2011 2/11242
9/142 25/142 12/142 20/142 21/142 31/142 28/142 58/142 65/142 67/142
2012 2/144 10/144 23/144 14/144 16/144 26/144 33/144 28/144 53/144 75/144 61/144
2013 2/148 9/148 18/148 14/148 16/148 24/148 34/148 26/148 55/148 70/148 61/148
2014 2/144 6/144 17/144 15/144 22/144 20/144 33/144
61/144 68/144 65/144
2015 2/140 6/140 16/140 13/140 21/140 18/140 35/140
57/140 56/140 697140
zoiiH
2/138 8/138 13/138 15/138 19/138 25/138 33/138 58/138 51/138 60/138 67/138
, 2 0 1 7 , 3/137 9/137 13/137 14/137 18/137 23/137.
33/137 46/137 51/137 55/137 72/137 Nguon: Dien dan Kinh le The gidi Bang 2. Xep tigng cac tieu chi ve sU ptiat trien ttij trudng tdi ctilnti cua 11 quoc gia l<y liet
Hiep djnti CPTPP ndm 2017
Npi dung Sa phat trien ciia thi trudng tai chinh Dich vu tai chinh 87 san c6 Dich vu tai chfnh gia thap Oau tu qua thj trudng von chu sclhOu Tiep can tin dung San sang dau tU mao hiem Su lanh manh cQa cac ngan hang Quan ly thj trudng chOng khoan Quyen hop phap
Vi^t Nam 71
78
60
53
69
38
112
89
30 Singapore
3
4
2
6
3 4
6
1 22
Malaysia
16
14
16
23
21 9
44
32
30 Australia
6
26
38
14
15 40
4
7 4
Brunei
87
83
63
130
89
67
76
69
69 Canada
7
18
21
11
19 25
2
3 12
Chile
17
9
15
17
16 41
5
14 85
Nh$t Ban 20
19
4
15
8 28
21
12 85
Mexico
36
85
75
64
78
56
47
48
8 New Zealand
1
8
14
10
1 16
3
8 Pern
35
57
54
69
48
61
32
37
22 Ngudn: Dien ddn Kinh id '.•
60 So 7-Thang 4/2019
KINH TE
lanh manh cua cdc ngan hang Viet Nam dffng thff 112 trong sd' 137 qud'c gia.
2.1. Ndng lUc tdi chinh a. Quy mo vd mdc do an todn vd'n
^Nang lufc tai ehinh cua NHTM the' hien trffdc held quy md vd'n tured cua mdi ngan hang. Cd the ndi, quy md vd'n tff ed cua cae NHTM Vidt Nam cdn rat nhd be. Quy md nhd be nay dffde the hidn thdng qua chi tieu vd'n dieu le, thanh phan ehinh eua vd'n ehu sd hffu,
Quy md nay nhd hdn ra't nhieu so vdi quy md vd'n eua ede NHTM tren the gidi (Bang 3). Vd'n ehu sd hffu cua eac ngan hang cang Idn thi ngan hang cdng ed kha nang chd'ng dd cao hdn vdi nhffng "cu sd'c" cffa mdi trffdng kinh doanh. Vd'n tif cd cdn anh hffdng de'n mffc dau tff vao cdng nghe ngan hang vi ngdn hang ehi ed thd sff dung vd'n tff ed de dau Iffvao cdng nghe. Vilhe', cd thd ndi, quy md vd'n tif cd nhd se la mdt ba't ldi Idn trong linh vuc ngan hang. (Bang 3).
ke va each linh cua World Bank, he sd CAR cua cdc ngan hang Viet Nam da dat chua'n mifc theo quy dinh cua Basel II (trdn 8%), tuy nhien vln cdn tha'p hdn so vdi cdc ngan hang lai cde qud'e gia ky ket Hidp dinh CPTPP va mffc trung binh cua thd gidi (Bang 4). Ty le nay da chi cho chung ta tha'y quy md vd'n ehu sd hffu eua cac ngan hang cang nhd thi cang ban che' boat ddng cua cae ngan hang. Ne'u cdc ngan hang cd quy md vd'n nhd ma van md rdng boat ddng eua minh de'n mffe lam cho ly Id an loan vd'n bj tha'p hdn mffc td'i thieu 8% thi rui ro dd'i vdi hoat ddng eua cac ngan hang se la rS't Idn.
Trirdc xu the'md cffa thi tru'dng dich vu lai chinh - ngan hang vdi nhieu loai hinh dich vu ngan hang mdi va nhffng yeu c^u khi thifc hidn CPTPP, nhffng ddi hdi vd CAR theo chua'n mffc qud'c se cang cao hdn dd tang cffdng nang Iffc boat ddng, giam thieu rui ro va nang cao nang lu'c canh tranh dd'i vdi cac NHTM Viet Nam. (Bang 4).
Bang 3. Top 10 ngan hang c6 von cdp 1 Idn nhdtthe gidi hnhd§'nngdy31/12/2017
V | H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
len ngan hang ICBC China Construction Bank
Bank of China Agricultural Bank of China
JP Morgan Chase & Co Bank of Amehca Wells Fargo & Co
Citigroup Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group
Bank of Amehca
V6h cSp 1 (Tri#u USD) 324.126 272.215 224438 218.104 208.644 191.496 178.209 164.841 153.044 150.954
long tai san (tn$u USD) 4.007.226 3 398 523 2 990.388 3.234.006 2.533.600 2.281.477 1.951.757 1.842.465 2.890.455 2.521.771
l y 1$ an toan von:
CAR (%) 8,09 8,01 7,51 6,74 8,24 8,39 9,13 8,95 5,29 5,99
b. He sd an todn von tdi thieu
Trong boat ddng kinh doanh eua minh, cdc ngan hang can phdi dam bao mdt he sd' an toan vd'n (CAR) nha't dinh. Theo Uy ban Basel, de ddm bdo an loan trong boat ddng, cae ngan hang phdi dat dffde he sd CAR tdi thieu la 8%. Theo thd'ng
Ngudn: The Banker Database c. Ty le n0 xdu
Mdt be thd'ng ngan hang manh khde se ed sffc chd'ng chiu dd'i vdi cac tac ddng tieu cffc den tff ea trong vd ngoai qud'e gia, dac biet la cae ap Iffc theo hieu ffng domino khi hdi nhdp didn ra sau rdng.
dien hinh nhff hiep dinh CPTPP. Nd xa'u khdng
So 7 - T h a n g 4/2019 61
TAP CHi CQNG THtflfNG
Bang 4. He sd CAR cua cdc qudc gio ky ket CPTPP giai dogn 2010-2016
The gidi Viet Nam Brunei
Peru Malaysia
Mexico Singapore
Chile Australia
Canada Nhat Ban
2010 9,7 , 8,9
10,3 10,0 9,4 104 9,0 8,3 7,5 4,7
2011 9,7 9,3 8,9 10,6
8,9 9,9 8,3 7,8 7,2 4,9
2012 10,0 9,9 9,1 10,4 9,4 10,6 8,9 8,0 7,8 4,9
2013 9,8 9,5 11,6 10,1 9,6 10,4 8,2 8.1 8,0 5,0 5,6
2014 10,2 8,8 11,8 10,7 10,0 10,8 8,4 8,0 6,8 4,9 5,5
2016 10,1 8,3 13,2 10,1 10,5 10,4 9,0 7,6 7,4 5,1 5,6
2016 10,5
13,3 11,4 11,0 10,6 9,2 8,4 7,3 5,2 5,5 Ngudn: World Bank phai la ehuydn rieng cua Viet Nam, ma cae nifde
tren the' gidi cung dang phai dd'i mat, nhffng d cae mffe do khac nhau. Theo thd'ng ke cua World Bank, nd xa'u eua Viet Nam van d mffc cao (chi tha'p hdn Mexico va Peru trong sd' 11 qudc gia ky kd't CPTPP)..
Trong 5 nam qua (tff 2013-2018), d Viet Nam, mac du VAMC da ddng hanh ciing cac to chffc tin dung va cac cdng ty AMC khac, difa ly le nd xa'u loan nganh Ngan hang ve dffdi 3%, tff mffc 3,61%
cud'i nam 2013 xud'ng 2,18% de'n thang 4/2018, tuy nhidn day van chi la bien phap lam sach bdng can dd'i ke'todn cua hd thd'ng ngdn hang, trong khi eon sd nd ehifa xff ly ffdc tinh Idn de'n 10,1% tdng dff nd he thd'ng ngSn hang. Tren thffc te', thi trffdng mua bdn nd Viet Nam cdn chu'a hoan thidn, cdc cdng cu xff ly nd vln cdn thd sd va qua trinh xff ly cac khoan nd tdn dong trong nhidu nam qua cdn gap nhieu khd khan. Hidn tai, ihi trffdng mua ban nd xa'u cua Viet Nam ehi ed ra't it ddn vi tham gia, bao gdm VAMC, DATC va 28 cdng ty AMC cua cae TCTD - vdn cd ngudn Iffc ra't mdng. Ngoai ra, viec dinh gid cac khoan nd xd'u sao cho minh bach, dung gia tri thi trffdng dd khdng dan den hien iffdng tieu cffc, bi true ldi trong khi ban nd xa'u cung la mot va'n de khd khan va cdn gay ra nhidu ban che' vdi he thd'ng Ngan bang Viet Nam. Do do, ne'u trong Iffdng lai, cae khodn nd nay vin chi d giai doan "xff ly tren so
sdch" ma chffa thffc sff dffde giai quye'l hoan toan, he thdng ngan hang se lai mang gdnh nang ve vd'n.
Ben canh dd, thj trffdng van cdn rd't thie'u cae ed quan dinh gia va dinh mffc tin nhiem mgi each khach quan, chuyen nghiep. Vi vay, Ngan hang Nha nffdc can phai hgc hdi nhieu kinh nghidm ci^a cae nffdc trdn the' gidi, ed ve thanh edng ISn tha't bai dd tff dd ed quan quan ly du'a ra nhffng giai phdp phu hdp dam bao qua trinh ldi ed ca'u, xff ly nd xd'u mot cdch hieu qua.
2.2. Ndng lite qudn tri
Hien nay, cac ngan hang Viet Nam dang tap trung cung ed, phat tridn cac boat ddng kinh doanh ehinh theo hifdng an loan, hieu qua va tffng bffdc ddi mdi quan tri ngdn hang phu hdp hdn eac thdng ie, chuan mu'e qud'e te. Sau nhffng tdn tai, yeu kem, tdn tha't phdt sinh tff nguyen nhan quan tri, dieu hanh, nhieu ngan hang da y thffc va chu ttong hdn trong nang cao nang Iffc quan tri ngan hang.
Tuy nhien, cac ngan hang Viet Nam mdi chi dang d giai doan dau ap dung cac phifdng thffc quan tri h^en dai, cd ca'u qudn tri cdn tdn lai nhieu han chd dan de'n hieu qud qudn tri thap. Cac ngan hang ddu da cd bd phan qudn tri rui ro, nhffng ehu ydu Idp trung vao rui ro tin dung va thieu kinh nghidm de xff ly mdt each hidu qua nhffng rui ro mdi va dang eang^gia lang. He thd'ng bdo cao va edng bd thdng dn van cdn tha'p hdn so vdi eac chuan miJe qud'c
KINH TE
te dan de'n khd khan trong vide phan tieh va xff ly rui ro. Van hda quan tri tie'p tuc nghieng nhieu ve vide tuan thu cdc quy dinh hdn la danh gid va giam thieu cac rui ro trong boat ddng ngan hang. Sff doe Idp va kiem soat lln nhau giffa cdc cd quan qudn tri, kiem sodt cde TCTD edn mang tinh hinh thffc, tff dd lam gidm hieu qua eua boat ddng quan tri, didu hanh Id nguyen nhSn chu yd'u gdy nensufydu kem, sa sut trong boat ddng cua TCTD.
2.3. Ndng lUc cdng nghe
Dau tff doi mdi edng nghe la va'n de sd'ng edn trong viec nang cao nang Iffc canh tranh cua cae NHTM Viet Nam. Theo linh loan va kinh nghiem cua cdc ngan hang nffdc ngoai, cdng nghd thdng tin cd the lam giam 76% ehi phi boat ddng ngdn hang. Song day la mot ITnh vu'c ddi hdi sff dau lif ra't Idn, vi du nhff de xay di/ng be thd'ng thdng tin quan ly cho mdt NHTM can phai ehi phi tdi 500- 600 ty ddng.
Nang life cdng nghd khdng chi the hien d tnnh do hidn dai cua trang tbid't bi may mdc va cdng nghd. Kha nang khai thac cdc trang tbid't hi, cdng nghe dd cung la mot ye'u td'rd't quan trpng. Do sff bao mdn vd hinh trong linh vife cdng nghe la ral cao nen viee nhanh chdng khai thac td'i da hieu qua eua edng nghe hien dai la mdt yeu cau he't sffc cd ban, la nhan id' quye't dinh kha nang duy tri nang cao Idl thd cdng nghd cua mdt nganh. Day cung la diem ye'u hien nay cua cae ngan hang Vidt Nam.
Mac dil eilng vdi vide lap dat, irien khai eac thie'l bi cdng nghe hien dai, cae ngan hang da irien khai hang loat eac khda dao tao, hffdng dSn sff dung tbid't bi edng nghe mdi nhffng do nhffng ba't cdp ve ngudn nhdn Iffc cung nhff thie'u cae hffdng ddn quy trinh nghiep vu mdi, eu the, phu hdp vdi cdng nghe hien dai nen viec ffng dung cde tie'n bd cdng nghe de nang cao hieu qua hoat ddng vdn cdn chu'a cao.
3. Giai phap nSng cao nang Iffc canh tranh cua nganh NgSn hang Viet Nam trong bd'i canh thtfc thi Hiep dinh CPTPP
Dd khac phuc nhffng ban che trong hoat ddng eua cdc ngdn hdng Viet Nam, ddng thdi nham nang cao ndng Iffc canh tranh cua ngan hang Viet Nam trong giai doan thffc hien CPTPP, cdn phai chu trgng vao mot so' giai phap sau:
Thdnhdt, xdy dffng mot mdi trffdng phap ly ha'p din, dn dinh vdi cde ed chd' ehinh sach nhd't quan de tao lap mdt sdn chdi binh dang va hd trd cho
cdc boat ddng kinh doanh giup ta't ea cac loai hinh TCTD phat trien. Mdt khudn khd phdp ly dam bao an toan, md hinh giam sat phil hdp vd cdc chinh sdeh khuye'n khich thi trffdng phat trien lanh manh la nhffng yen td quan trgng dd hoat ddng ngan hang dat ke't qud td't trong dai han.
T/iJ? hai, nang cao nang Iffc tai chinh, nang Iffe boat ddng va nang life quan tri eua cdc ngan hang Vidt Nam:
- Tie'p tuc nang cao nang life tai chinh, tang vdn va cai thien cha't Iffdng ngudn vd'n tif cd eua cdc NHTM va cac TCTD phi ngan hang, bao dam mffc vd'n didu le khdng thd'p hdn mffe vd'n phdp dinh va dip ffng ddy du ty Id an toan vd'n td'i tbidu theo qui dinh eua phap ludt va chud'n mffc qud'c te'.
- Nang cao ehd't Iffdng tin dung, cd ehinh sdch quan ly rui ro tin dung phu hdp vdi eac quy dinh mdi cua NHNN va ngay cang phil hdp hdn vdi cde ehud'n mffc qud'c te'; tffng bffdc xff ly nd xa'u mot each ben vffng, han chd nd xd'u gia tang, bdo dam an toan boat ddng ngan hang, thuc day lang trffdng tin dung vd hd trd vd'n lich cife cho nen kinh td.
- Da dang hda san pham dich vu ngan hang dien iff; gia lang xua't kh^u dich vu tai chinh; tid'p tuc tie'n hanh ra sodt, cung cd' cdc boat ddng kinh doanh chinh, nhieu rui ro; ffu tien cd'p tin dung cho cdc ngdnh, Hub vife then ehd't eua nen kinh te' nham gdp phdn tai ed ca'u nen kinh td'.
- Hoan thien, dp dung he thd'ng quan tri rui ro phu hdp vdi eac nguyen tdc, chuin miJe eua Uy ban Basel va Id trinh dp dung Basel II lai Vidt Nam; hodn thien va dp dung cac qui dinh ve quan tri ngan hang phil hdp vdi thdng le qud'e te'; da dang hda cd ca'u cd ddng; yen cau cac TCTD cdng bd' edng khai, minh bach, chinh xdc thdng tin ve chie'n Iffdc linh doanh, sd hffu, tinh hinh lai chinh, ed ca'u quan ly, quan tri rui ro va quan tri doanh nghiep theo qui dinh cua phap luat va phu hdp vdi thdng le qud'c te'.
- Khuye'n khich vd tao dieu kien dd cde TCTD lanh manh hoac cde nha dau Iff tidm nang nffdc ngoai iham gia tdi cd ca'u eua NHTM c6 phan, cdc TCTD phi ngan hdng ydu kem; thue dd'y vide mua ban, sap nhap tren ed sd tff nguydn eua cae TCTD de hinh thanh cac dinh che cd quy md Idn vd quan in td't hdn.
- Tiep luc tao dieu kien cho cac TCTD nffdc ngodi hoat ddng kinh doanh vd canh tranh binh
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TAP CHi CONG THtflfNG
dang vdi cac TCTD Viet Nam; khuyd'n khich cae TCTD nffdc ngoai tham gia ho trd va xff ly cdc va'n de khd khan, ye'u kem eua cac TCTD irong nffdc;
khuye'n khich eac TCTD nffdc ngoai di dau trong viee phat trien va ap dung eac edng nghe hien dai, dffa cdc sdn pham, dich vu mdi tdi thi trifdng Viet Nam; hd trd eac TCTD trong nffdc trong viec tie'p cdn vdi cac quy trinh, san pham, cdng nghe mdi ddp ffng nhu cau ngdy cang da dang ve sdn phd'm vd dich vu eua khach hang.
- Tao dieu kien hinh thanh cae ngan hang Idn, cd lam quan trgng trong hd thd'ng vd khu vi/c.
Thii ba, chu trgng nang cao ehd't lifdng ngudn nhan Iffe trong bd'i canh hdi nhdp vd tdc ddng eua eudc each mang 4.0, xay dffng mdt chie'n Iffdc phat trien ngudn nhSn life phu hdp vdi yeu eSu phdt tridn cua tffng TCTD, trong dd bao gdm:
- Cd ca'u, sap xe'p, bd' tri cdn bd cd nang Iffc, trinh do, kinh nghiem thffc id'phu hdp vdi yeu cau boat ddng kinh doanh tru'dc mdt cung nhu"Idu ddi.
- Phat tridn ddi ngQ can bd quan ly va kinh doanh ngan hang ed irinh dd cao, y thffc luan thu phap luat, cd dao dffc va tinh than trdch nhiem nghe nghiep td't.
- Nghien cii^i ap dung edng nghe thdng tin hien dai trong quan ly sff dung nhan life ed hieu qua.
- Tap trung ddo tao, bdi dffdng ndng cao trinh do chuyen mdn nghiep vu, tffng bffdc nang cao cha't Iffdng ngudn nhdn Iffe mdt edeh ddng ddu va vffng chac theo hffdng vffa chuyen sau vffa tdng hdp, cd khd nang canh tranh cao.
- Cd ehinh sdch thu hut cae chuyen gia, nhan vien gidi.
Thd tu, hidn dai hda hd thd'ng cdng nghe tao didu kien phat trien dich vu ngan hang mdi.
Chuyen doi he thd'ng Core Banking cua tffng NHTM nham ffng dung cdng nghe tin hgc de da dang hda cac san phd'm dich vu ngan hang; mua eac gidi phdp Iron gdi mdt each hdp ly nha't dd giam thdi gian va gia thdnh chuyen giao cdng nghe dam bao ffng dung vdo hoat ddng ngan hdng thdng dung vdi qud'e td'; tdp trung hda thdng tin khach hang, thdng tin tai khoan theo htfdng khdch hang cd thd giao dich lai ba't ky chi nhanh nao eua ngan hang; trienkhai cdc he thd'ng cdng nghd trong quan tri nhan sff, quan tri rui ro, xay dffng he thd'ng thdng tin quan ly... dam bao thdng tin tap trung, kip thdi, chinh xac, nham hd trd dac Iffc cho cdng tac qudn tri; ddo tao cdn bd cdng nghd thdng tin phu hdp vdi cae yeu can phdt trien eua ngan hang hien dai.
Tdm lai, vdi Hiep dinh CPTPP la mdt bffdc tie'n quan trong trong qua trinh hdi nhap kinh id qud'c te' eua Vidt Nam. Hiep dinh CPTPP se tao thuan Idi cho nganh Ngdn hang Viet Nam dffde tid'p edn vdi ngudn vd'n, cdng nghe va nang Iffc qudn ly dieu hanh chuyen nghiep do nha dau tff mfdc ngoai mang lai. Tuy nhidn, ngdnh Ngdn hang Viet Nam can giai quye'l nhffng khd khan, khac phuc nhffng tdn tai de cdi thien kha nang canh tranh va td'i da hda ldi ich ma Hiep dinh mang lai. Nhffng thach thffc nay ddi hdi sff nd Iffc, cd' gang cua cae nha quan ly, he thd'ng cac td chffc tin dung, tffng ea nhan thffc hien cac kid'n nghi va giai phap tren dd sdn sang tid'p nhan CPTPP mdt each chac chan va hieu qua nhd't •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Nguyin Thi Hoa. Nguyin Thj Minh Hang (2018), "Ndng luc canh tranh ciia ngdn hdng Viet Nam trudc yeu cdu c&a Hiip dinh CPTPP: ThUc trgng vd gidi phdp". Tap chi Ngdn hdng. chuyin de dgc biSl 2018.
2. Pham Tien Dal, (2018). "Ngdnh Ngdn hdng Viit Nam- Thdch thUc vd ca hdi trudc Hiep dinh ddi tdc todn dien vd tie'n bo xuyin Thdi Binh Duong", Tap chi Ngdn hdng, chuyin de dac biet 2018
3. Luang Hoang Thdi (2018), "Tong quan vi Hiep dinh dd'i tdc todn diin vd tien bd xuyen Thdi Binh Duong" Tdi lieu hdi thao CPTPP tai VCCI Hd Noi.
4. https.//www.weforum.org/
5. http://cafef.vn/bang-xep-hang-von-dieu-le-cua-cac-ngan-hang-da-thay-doi-dang-ke-2018041316144318.chn
64 So 7-Thang 4/2019
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6. World Bank (2018). "Tdc ddng kinh ti'vd phdn bo thu nlidp cua Hiep dinh Do'i tdc Todn dien vd Tien bo xuye Thdi Binh Duong: Trudng hap cua Viet Nam". NXB Hong DUc.
7. https://www.thebankerdaiabase.com/
Ngay nhan bai: 17/3/2019
Ngay phan bidn danh gia va s^a chffa: 27/3/2019 Ngay cha'p nhan dang bai: 6/4/2019
Thong tin tdc gid:
TS. VU NGOC DIEP
B<( mdn Ngdn hang Chffng khoan, Khoa Tai chfnh Ng3n hang Trffdng Dai hoc Thffdng mai
IMPROVING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF VIETNAMESE BANKING INDUSTRY IN THE CONTEXT OF IMPLEMENTING
THE CPTPP AGREEMENT
• Ph.D VU NGOC DIEP
Department of Stock Market, Faculty of Finance - Banking Thuongmai University
ABSTRACT:
The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) was signed by 11 Asia-Pacific countries 11 countries including Vietnam. The agreement consists of 30 chapters and about 6,000 pages of legally bindmg rules covering a wide range of issues from traditional trade to fiannce and banking sector. The implementation of the CPTPP Agreement would bring many opportunities and also challenges for Vietnam's economy in general, the country's financial and banking sector in particular. This article is to analyze the CPTPP Agreement's commitments in the baking and financial sector and the current competitiveness of the country's banking industry, thereby proposing solutions to improve the competitiveness of Vietnamese banking industry in the context of implementmg the CPTPP Agreement.
Keyworiis: Competitiveness, Vietnam's banking industry, CPTPP Agreement.
So 7 - T h a n g 4/2019 65
