TAI CHINH-TIEN TE
Qng dung cong nghe tai chinh trong kinh doanh ngdn hang tqi Viet Nam - xu hudng tdt yeu cua
thdi dai 4.0
NGUYEN THI HIEN PHAM THU H U d N G
^ai vie't nghidn cdu cac dng dung cdng nghe tai chinh trong kinh doanh ngan hang, ' trong dd ly giai ro tinh nang va tidn i'ch trong vide dng dung cac cdng nghd tai chinh phd bid'n nhd: dien toan dam may, robot va tri tue nhan tao, dd lieu ldn, internet kd't ndi van vdt, cdng nghe chudi khdi bloekehain va giao dien chitdng trinh dng dung. Td dd, bai vid't di xud't mgt sd'kh uye'n nghi giai phap dong bg dng dung cdng nghe tai chinh trong kinh doanh ngan hang tai VietNam trong thdi gian tdi.
Tfl khoa: cdng nghe tai chinh, Fintech, dng dung Fintech, kinh doanh ngan hang, each mang cdng nghe 4.0.
1. Dat v a n d e
Thu&t ngfi Fintech (financial technology) mdi xu^'t hien va trd ngn quen thuoc trong nhflng nam gan day. Tuy nhign, ng'u xet ve ban ch&'t cua Fintech la fing dung cdng nghe de thay doi dich vu tai chinh thi Fintech da xuS't hien tfi each day hdn mdt thg' ky.
Fintech dfidc hieu la vigc ap dung cac cong nghe ddi mdi, sang tao va hien dai cho linh vfic tai chinh (bao gom ngan hang, bao hiem, quy ddu tfi, quy hfiu tri, dich vii t h a n h toan va cac cd sd ha t^ng tai chinh...), n h i m mang tdi cho khach hang cac giai p h a p , dich vu tai chinh minh bach, higu qua va thuSn tien vdi chi phi tha'p hdn so vdi cac dich vu tai chinh truyg'n tho'ng.
Trong linh vfic ngan hang, sfi p h a t trign manh me cua cac cong ty Fintech nhfing n a m gdn day, dac bigt trong linh vfic t h a n h toan
\k cho vay, dfidc nhieu ngan h a n g quan tam.
Tuy nhien, cong ty Fintech va n g a n h a n g dgu CO nhfing fiu diem rigng biet ma ca h a i ben deu CO th^ khai thac l l n n h a u .
Do'i vdi cac cong ty Fintech, vigc tfi do s^
dung nhiJng cdng nghe hign dai nhU't de xay dfing cac giao dien th3.n thien vdi ngfidi s,ii dung la mdt trong nhfing the' m a n h noi troi.
Cac cong ty Fintech khong sd hiiu cac cd scf
ha tdng thi trfidng tai chinh cd ban, do dd, muc tieu cua ho la giup ngfidi sii dung co trai nghiem tot hdn nhfing dich vu hign c6 ciia ngan hang. Cac cong ty nay, ciing lam to't hdn cac ngan h a n g trong vigc nam bat cac gia tri cd't loi cua khach hang tfi Ifidng dfi lieu ldn n h a m cung ca'p nhfing dich vii to't hdn, n h a n h hdn (chSng h a n nhfi trong linh vfic cho vay). Ngfidc lai vdi cac cong ty Fintech, cac ngan hang van gifi dfidc nhfing ldi thg' canh t r a n h nhlit dinh, dd la nhfing mo'i quan he tfi l^u vdi khach hang, h a n h lang phap ly quy dinb cu the, chat che, kinh nghiem trong quan tri rui ro va sfi kg't noi lign thong vdi ha tdng thi trfidng tai chinh trong nfidc va quo'c te'... Dieu quan trong hdn ca la viec ho co am hieu sdu sac vdi ha tdng tai chinh hien h a n h di CO th^ cung cap cac dich vu tai chinh tdi khach hang mot each toan dign, ddy du nhat.
Do the m a n h cua cac cong ty Fintech la diem ye'u cua cac ngan h a n g va ngfidc lai, ngn ngay nay, ngan hang va cac cdng ty Fintech deu hfidng tdi viec hdp tac trong tri^n khai cung fing cac dich vu tai chinh n h a m t a n d u n g tot nha't nhfing ldi the' ma
Nguyin Thj Hi^n, TS.; Pham Thu Hirong, TS., Tnrcmg dai hoc Ngoai thuang.
Ngtiiin ahi Kinh tdsd 11(498) • T^ing 11/2019 5 9
liTng dung cong nghe
ben do'i tac cd dfidc. Viec hdp tac nay hien la xu hfidng noi troi t r e n toan the' gidi ndi chung va Viet Nam noi rieng dfidi nhieu binh thfic khac n h a u , nhfing deu hiidng tdi mot muc tieu chung la mang lai nhfing dich vu tai chinh va t r a i nghiem to't nha't cho khach hang.
2. U n g d u n g F i n t e c h t r o n g k i n h d o a n h n g a n h a n g
• Dien toan dam may
Dien toan dam may la viec sfi dung mang trtic tuyg'n (dam may) cua bo xfi ly Ifiu trfi de tang quy mo va t i n h linh boat ctia n a n g Ific may tinh. Mo h i n h n a y cho phep truy c&p mang mot each t h u a n tien tbeo n h u cau tdi tai nguyen dien toan ca'u h i n h (vi du:
mang, may chu, phfidng tien Ifiu trfi, fing dung va dich via.) ma nhfing tai nguyen nay CO the dfidc giai phong n h a n h chdng chi vdi no Ific quan ly to'i thieu hoac chi cdn tfidng tac vdi nha cung cap dich vu. Dai bo phan ba t a n g cd sd cua dien toan dam may hien nay la sfi ke't hdp cua nhfing dich vu dang tin cliy dfidc p h a n pho'i thong qua cac t r u n g tam dfi ligu dfidc xSy dfing tren nhfing may chu vdi nhfing ca'p do khac nhau. Nhfing dich vu nay co thg dfidc truy cap tfi ba't ky dau t r e n the' gidi, trong do dam may la mot diem truy cap duy nha't cho ta't ca cac may tinh CO n h u cdu ciia khach hang.
Do'i vdi cac cdng ty Fintech, cac giai phap ve dign toan dam may gifip cac ngan hang de dang tie'p can ha t a n g cong nghe thong tin, dfi Ueu ma chung da phai ma't hang thap ky d^ xSy diing; giam chi phi; giam rao can t b a m gia vao cac dich vu tai chinh do viec quan ly dfi lieu ldn va fing dung phan tich phfic tap dfidc ddn gian boa; cho phep tap t r u n g vao linh vfic k i n h doanh chinh va gia t a n g quy mo tfidng fing khi doanh nghigp t a n g trfidng.
Cac ngan h a n g truyg'n thd'ng sii dung dien toan dam may de p h a t trien cac giai p h a p mdi ma khdng phai ddu tfi t r a n g thig't bi, trien khai, n a n g ca'p, bao tri, tfi do giam chi phi. Theo dd, cac n g a n h a n g thfidng se
sfi dung cac dich vu dign toan dam may tfi nha cung ca'p t h a y vi dau tfi fing diing dign toan dam may rieng. Dd'i vdi vigc sfi dung cac dich vij dien toan dam may tfi nha cung ca'p, cho du ta't ca cac boat dong cd dfidc thue ngoai, cac ngan h a n g v i n phai chiu trach nhiem q u a n ly rui ro va giam s a t moi boat dong. Do do, lo ngai ve an toan va bao mat (kho k h a n trong viec kiem soat, bao dam an toan t h d n g t m mang, bao ve di3 lieu, nguy cd bi ta'n cong m a n g gia tang...) la mot rao can n g a n cac n g a n h a n g sfi dung dign toan ddm m a y nhfi mot cd sd ha tdng chu dao. Vi vay, de can bang ldi ich va riii ro, cdc ngan h a n g co xu hfidng vfia sfi dung ha tdng cong n g h e t h o n g tin cua rieng minh de dam bao a n toan cho cac nghiep vu ngan hang q u a n trong, vfia k h a i t h a c cac dich vu dam may tfi n h a cung ca'p cho cac nghigp vu khong thfidng xuygn, it co yeu cau ve an ninh va bao m a t dfi lieu. Dig'u nay giai thich ly do vi sao ngay cang n h i e u cac dinh che' tai chinh sfi d u n g fing dung phdn mg'm SaaS cho cac ca'u p h a n xfi ly k i n h doanh dfidc xem la khong phai cd't loi trong hoat dong cua minh.
• Robot va tri tue nhdn tao
Tri tug n h a n tao (AI) dfidc dinh nghia la he thong cong nghe t h o n g tin thtic hien cac chfic nang ddi hoi d k h a n a n g cua con ngfidi.
AI c6 th^ dat cau hdi, k h a m phd va kiem tra cac gia thuyet va tti dong dfia ra quyet dinh dua t r e n boat dong p h a n tich n a n g cao cac bo tep dfi lieu mcf rong. Hoc may (Machine Learning -ML) la mot loai h i n b cua AI.
^Tren thuc te, vigc fing dung cac robot va tri tue n h a n tao vao dich vu ngan hang da dfidc tie'n h a n h tfi lau. Cac ATM chinh la robot ddi dau. Chung ra't ddn gi^n va la nhfing robot dfidc tao r a cho mot muc dich nha't dinh, cung cap dich vu cho khach h a n g mgt each on dinh, t h u a n tign, chi phi tha' va ngay eang dfidc tin cay. Nguygn \f ^k^
dong thdi dfidc ap d u n g cho cac dich vu t ' ^ chinh khac, t i n h vi hdn nhfi vigc ati H quy trinh q u a n ly tai san bang cac r h'^^
60 Nghi&i aiu Kinh tdsd 11(498) - Thin,
'911/2019
liTng dung cong nghe
dfidc lap t r i n h s i n , ap dung tai cac qudy giao dich de giao tig'p, tfi v^n dfidc vdi khach hang... D6i vdi vigc s ^ dting robot thay th^ cho cac giao dich vign ngdn h a n g , mot so' k h a n a n g sau se dfidc xem xet dfia vao fing dung: (i) nhan bie't - k h a n a n g robot nam bat, thong hieu, len kg' hoach va h d n h dQng trong mot t ^ gidi thfic: k h a n a n g n h a n thfic td't bdn nghia la robot c6 thi lam vigc mot each tfi ddng trong mdt mdi trfidng da dang, nang dong va phflc t a p hdn; (ii) thao tac - kha nang kiem soat chinh xac va khgo leo thao tac vat th^ trong moi trfidng: vdi sfi cai thign ve k h a nang thao tac, cac robot cd th^ lam dfidc nhi^u cong viec da dang hdn va dfidc sfi dung trong n h i l u trfidng hdp;
(iii) tddng tac • k h a n a n g hoc hdi va cong tac vdi con ngfidi; nhfing tien bd gdn day, nhfi ho trd giao tiep q u a do'i thoai hoac khong ddi thoai, q u a n s a t va sao chep h a n h vi con ngfidi, da khig'n cho robot ngay cang CO kha nang lam vigc cung con ngfidi. Tuy nhign, chi phi ddu tfi b a n ddu cao va vigc kiem soat, van h a n h h e thd'ng de k h o n g phat sinh cac riii ro do he thddng tfi dong tao ra la cac thach thfic t r o n g qua t r i n h fing dung cong nghg nay.
Viec fing dung t r i tug n h d n tao co t h e lam thay doi ctac dien n g a n h a n g do fing diing nay giam thieu toi da cong sfic lao dong cua eon ngfidi, giam thieu chi phi, tang trai nghiem ngfidi dfing; hd trd tich cfic trong viec hien dai hda va sS' hda cac n g a n hang truyen thd'ng thong qua vigc sfi diing cong cu phan tich dfi ligu tien tie'n de nghign cfiu ve" n h u cdu k h a c h hang, p h a n pho'i dich vu tfic thdi va t a n g cfidng q u a n ly rui ro (mot so' ngan h a n g da sii d u n g t r i tue nhdn tao de p h a t hign gian ldn trong t h a n h toan, phat hien h d n h vi ba't thfidng di xac dinh cac giao dich lam quyen va true ldi).
M6t fing dting khac cua t r i t u e n h a n tao - robot tfi va'n (Robo-Advisor) ciing dang nhanh chdng trd t h a n h doi t h u ldn nha't trong linh vfic tfi va'n ddu tfi va t h i trfidng cd phig'u.
• Dd lidu ldn (BigData) va Internet ke't nd'i van vdt (loT- Internet of Things) Dfi lieu ldn d l chi khdi Ifidng ldn dfi lieu CO the dfidc tao ra, dfidc p h a n tieh va dfidc sfi d u n g n g a y cang nhig'u b a n g cac cong cu ky t h u a t so' va hg thoiig thdng tin. Kha n a n g nay dfidc thuc day bdi gia t a n g t i n h san CO cua dfi ligu co ca'u true, kha nang xfi ly dfi lieu phi ca'u true, gia tang nang Ific Ifiu trfi dfi lieu va nhfing tig'n bo ve n a n g Ific tinh t o a n cua may tinh.
Trien k h a i dfi lieu ldn se dong thdi giai quyg't cac t h a c h thfic ve p h a n tieh, t h u t h a p , giam s a t dfi ligu, tim kiem, chia se, Ifiu trfi, truy vd'n, t r u y e n n h a n dfi lieu trfic tuyg'n va tinh t i e n g tu. Cac cong nghe sfi dung trong dfi lieu ldn cd t h i dfidc chia t h a n h h a i nhom: xfi ly theo 16 (batch processing) dung di xfi ly nhfing dfl lieu c6 khd'i Ifidng ldn va xfi ly theo luong (stream processing) chu trong dg'n to'c dd xfi ly cua dfi lieu, dfl lieu dfidc p h a t sinh va t r u y e n t a i lien tuc, dfidc xii ly trong k h o a n g thdi gian nhd, dap fing tinh thdi gian thfic cua dfi ligu.
Dfl lieu cung cac sigu kg't no'i se md ra nhieu cd hoi cho cac dinh chg' tai chinh sfi dung chiing; d6ng thdi, eac khach hang cung ddn n h a n thfic n h i l u hdn ve gia tri dfl ligu ca n h a n cua ho. Tie'n bo cong nghg da cho phep doanh nghiep co the tie'p can dfidc tdi cac dfi lieu k h a c h h a n g tren pham vi va so' Ifidng ldn hdn n h i l u ldn, tao cd hoi cho ba't cfi ai c6 t h e sfl dung cong cu p h a n tich di md khoa vao kho thong tin bgn trong do, n h a m h i i u va trao cho k h a c h bang nhfing ^ hp muo'n.
Trong linh vfic n g a n hang, dfi lieu ldn dang dfidc q u a n t a m va fing dung. Cac nguon dfi lieu ldn mdi c6 t h e hd trd cho cac dich vu nhfi cac ngu6n dfl lieu tfi cac san giao dich, cac giao dich t h a n h toan bang the tin dting, dfl ligu ngan h a n g di dong, cac ho sd lign q u a n dg'n cac he thong t h a n h quyg't toan chfing khoan, t h a n h toan bu trfi va phai sinh cung nhfi cac giao dich thfidng mai va b a n le. Cac n g a n h a n g cung cd the
Nghien cdu Kinh tdsd 11 ( -Thing 11/2019 61
UTng dung cong nghe ..,
dfia vao loT them ngudn dfl lieu mdi de danh gia tin dting, cong nghg cam big'n mdi CO the each mang hda viec theo doi dfi hgu cho vay the cha'p va bang can doi ke' toan cho ca doanh nghiep vfia va nhd cung n h u cac tap doan. Dieu nay se giup cac nghiep vu ngan hang co k h a nang v a n h a n h ttJ dong va thtic Men bao cao gdn nhfi theo thdi gian thtic.
• Cdng nghd chudi khdi (bloekehain va so cai phan tan)
Cong nghg chuoi khoi la mot cd sd dfi lieu phan ca'p Ifiu trfi thdng tin trong cae khoi thong tin dfidc lign kg't vdi n h a u bang ma hda va md rong theo thdi gian. Moi kho'i thong tin deu chfia thong tin ve thdi gian khdi tao va dfidc lien ke't tdi khoi trfidc do, kgm mot ma thdi gian va dfi lieu giao dich. Mot khi dfi lieu da dfidc mang Ifidi cha'p n b a n thi se khong co each nao thay ddi dfidc n6 (Narayanan va cong sti, 2016).
Cong nghg bloekehain dfidc big't n h i l u va phd b i l n rong rai qua d6ng tien ao Bitcoin khi dfidc phat minh va thiet ke bcfi Satoshi Nakamoto vao n a m 2008. Mac du Bitcoin khong dfidc nhieu nfidc cdng n h a n la tien te hay phfidng tign t h a n h toan, nhfing cong nghe bloekehain da va dang trd t h a n h nguon cam hfing cho r a t n h i l u cac fing dung khac, dac biet trong linh vfic tai chinh ngan hang. Hien nay, cong nghe bloekehain dang dfidc cac td chfic tai chinh, n g a n hdng, bao h i l m fing dting trong mot so' pham vi boat dong nhfi: dich vu t h a n h toan, c h u y i n t i l n , tai trd thfidng mai h a y dinh danh khach hang (KYC)... U"u d i l m cua cdng nghe nay la CO tinh bao mat cao hdn, thdi gian thfic hign giao dich n h a n h hdn, minh bach hdn vdi viec loai bd cac t r u n g gian t h a n h toan, dg theo doi sfi dich c h u y i n ciia dong t i l n gifia ngfidi gfli va ngfidi nhdn se dem lai chi phi tha'p hdn eho ngfidi sfl dung.
U"ng dung cong nghe sd cai p h a n t a n (Distributed Ledger Technology - DLT) cua bloekehain dfidc xem la mot cong nghe dang ndi, e6 t i l m n a n g fing d u n g cho n h i l u muc
dich khac n h a u dii mfic d6 phfic tap hdn so vdi cae cong nghe khac, chang ban nhfi ho trd cho cac giao dich chuyen tien gifla cae ben ma khong cdn qua t r u n g gian (nhfi cac doi tac t r u n g t a m hoac t r u n g tam Ifiu ky chfing khoan), cho vay nhom, bu trfi repo va Ifiu trfi va xfi ly phai sinh. l/ng dting DLT trong giao dich c h u y i n t i l n c6 the re hdn n h i l u so vdi cac n e n t a n g cdng platform hien tai, bdi chung loai bo hoan toan cac cd'u p h a n cdn thie't de xac thfic giao dich, do vigc xdc thtic d.\i(ic tig'n h a n h mot each dong thdi bdi moi t h d n h vien trong mang Ifidi. Qua trinh "ddng t h u d n " n a y loai bd nhu cau phai CO cac t r u n g gian tai chinh t h a m gia vao giao dich (bao gom: ngfidi t r u n g gian chuyen tiln, xet hdp d i n g , giao dich t h u l , Ifiu trfi thdng till...), do do t i l t kiem phi giao dich.
Trong tfidng lai, ngoai giao dich c h u y i n tien cdn cd cae giao dich chuygn nhfidng tai san ky t h u a t so' vd tdi san v a t cha't, q u y i n s5 hfiu tri tug va xdc thtic chudi Ifiu ky (chain of custody) cung se sfl dung DLT.
Trong bo'i canh cong nghe ngdy cdng phat trien, an ninh, an t o a n bao m a t dfidc ehu trong, thi viec flng dting cong nghg bloekehain hay DLT co k h a ndng cho'ng gian lan cao, nhdm bao ve va xac thfic h a u nhu!
moi loai-giao dich se co tac dong nhfi m6t cuoc each mang len n g a n h dich vu tai chinh.
Tuy vay, cho d i n nay, DLT cflng nhU bloekehain vdn chfia dfidc chd'p n h d n tren quy mo ldn do thieu nhfing chu^n mfic ve dfl heu rieng tfi vd thg'ng nhd't trong nganh.
Nhfing ldi ich thtic sfi cua cong nghe bloekehain cdn c6 thdi gian trai nghigm dl dfidc minh chfing, tfi do mdi tao dudc long tin d l c h u y i n doi mo hinh cong nghg tfi tdp t r u n g hda va dd'i tac t r u n g tam sang mo hinh phdn tan.
• Giao dien chddng trinh dng dung (API- Application Programming Interface) Giao dien chfidng t r i n h fing dung (API) la mdt bg quy tac va thong so ky thu§,t kgm theo d6 Id cdc chfidng t r i n h phdn riil A"
lign k i t chung lai vdi n h a u va mot giao A • -
62 Nghien aiu Kmh ^sd 11(498)'Tff^^~-~
'a 11/2019
llTng dung cong nghe ..
gifia cac chfidng trinh phdn mem khdc n h a u d l h6 trd cho sfi tfidng tac gifia chung. API hd trd xdy dting thfidng hieu, t i i p thi tbong qua vigc chia se xd hgi, vi du nhfi do'i vdi Flickr, Delicious, Twitter, YouTube, Linkedln va Facebook, viec chia se trgn mang xa hgi la gfii a n h , video, d l xua't san phdm vd lign kg't t r a n g web tdi cac lien he trong mang xd hoi. Chia se trgn mang xd hgi higu qua cao cho muc dich xdy dfing thfidng hieu va tig'p thi, tao Ifiu Ifidng truy cap web.
Vigc sfl dung API md se giup tao r a mgt he sinh thdi vd nen t a n g md dg ket n6'i gifia cac cong ty cong nghe tdi chinh (Fintech) va cac td chflc cung cd'p dich vu tdi chinh ngan hdng, giup n h a n h chdng p h a t trien va chia se cdc flng dung, dfi ligu vd ngi dung, san pham, dich vu cua cac to chfic, qua do, h§
trd sti phdt trien cua n g d n h tai chinh ngdn hang Vigt Nam. Nhflng dot p h a t r e n n e n tang API md cung giup cdc n g a n h a n g vd cdc cong ty tdi chinh cong nghe: tao r a sfi trai nghigm khach h a n g khac bigt (sfi d u n g cdc trang web, fing dung di dgng tfiy chinh va cac giao dign so' t h a n thign vdi ngfidi dung khdc de t a n g cfidng tfidng tac vdi khach hdng); md rgng tie'p cdn de'n mgt he sinh thai ldn hdn (sfl dung dfl lieu va dich vu cua cdc to ehflc khac bang each giam chi phi thu thdp, chia se va dp dung cac ngudn Ific cong nghe tfi cae td chfic bgn ngodi); phdt trign va dfia r a sfi doi mdi tdi t h i trfidng nhanh hdn (tan dung cac cong nghe phflc tap md khong phai tfl phat trien); q u a n ly API dfidc tao r a va sfl dung API md hieu qua hdn.
Hign nay, tren the gidi co 2 xu hfidng ehinh trong viec t r i l n khai API md: (i) b a t bugc thtic hien (nhfi d: Anh, Chdu Au, N h a t Ban, Hdng Kdng...); (ii) khuye'n khich thfic hien tren tinh thdn tfi nguyen (nhfi:
Xingapo, Niu Dildn...). Theo do, trong qua trinh t r i l n k h a i API md, cdc quoc gia d l u chu trgng dg'n viec b a n h a n h cdc quy dinh phap ly lien q u a n den bao vg dfl ligu cua ngfidi tigu dung vd hfidng ddn t r i l n k h a i
API md ndi chung (trong do quy dinh cu the:
pham vi dp dung; p h a n loai cae hdm API vd k h u n g thdi gian trien khai; cac tieu chudn ky thudt; cac bien p h a p d l quan tri, phat trign he sinh t h a i API). K l ca cac quo'c gia bat buoc thfic hign, lg t r i n h chinh thfic dfia API vao thfic te cung k h a ddi (thfidng tfi 2-3 nam), chia t h d n h nhieu giai doan dfia tren mfic do rui ro, n h a y cam eua dfi lieu hoac quy mo cua cdc n g a n hdng.
4. Thtfc t r a n g Cfng d u n g c o n g n g h e t a i c h i n h t r o n g k i n h d o a n h n g a n h a n g t a i V i e t N a m
• Didn toan dam may
Ve h a n h lang phap ly ho trd cac ngan hang khi trien k h a i fing dung cong nghe nay, Ngan h a n g Nhd nfidc da ban h d n h Thong tfi 18/2018/TT-NHNN ngay 21-8- 2018 quy dinh v l an toan he thong thong tin trong boat dgng n g a n hang, trong do co cac quy dinh v l quan ly, sfl dung dich vu dien toan dam may trong ngdnh ngan hdng. Theo dd, mgt so' ngan hdng Viet Nam da vd dang nghien cfiu trien k h a i fing dung cong nghg dien todn ddm may vdo boat dgng cua minh, nhfi: Ngan hdng TMCP Dau tfi vd p h a t t r i l n Viet N a m nghign cfiu xdy dflng Private Cloud vd sfi dung cac dich vu Public Cloud cua cdc h a n g ldn nhfi Microsoft, Amazon, SalesForce...; Ngan hdng Nong nghiep vd phat trien nong thdn xdy dfing ba tang dign todn dam may rieng cho he tho'ng ngdn hdng loi cua minh; Ngan hdng TMCP Cong thfidng Vigt Nam da t r i l n khai he tho'ng Private Cloud va h a tdng ao may chu dg bdn, dang ngbien cfiu k h a ndng fing dung Public Cloud; Ngdn h a n g TMCP Viet A da cong bo' dfi an ve ha tang Trung tdm Dfl lieu; trong dd di ehuyen Trung tdm Dfi lieu chinh vd thfic hien dfia todn bg hai Trung tdm Dfi lieu cua n g a n hdng Ign n i n tang dam may rigng Private Cloud.
• Td ddng hda va tri tue nhan tao Mgt so' n g a n h d n g nhfl ngan hdng TMCP Tien Phong, n g a n h d n g TMCP Viet A, ngan
Wgft/en cOu Kinh tdsd 11(498) - Thing 11/2019 6 3
UTng dung cdng nghe ,
bdng TMCP Quan dgi da k h a i trfidng dich vu tfi vd'n ao Chatbot qua mang xa hgi, flng dung cong nghg t r i tue n h d n tao, tfi hgc hdi de hoan thign sau moi ldn giao dich (machine learning), dich vu chdm sdc khdch hdng 24/7. Cac ngan h a n g ra't muo'n p h a t trien va sfi dung Chatbot cho cac cugc trd chuyen hoac hgi thoai vdi khdch hdng vi nhieu ly do. Co ra't n h i l u ldi thg' ma mgt Chatbot hay mgt trd ly ao vfidt trgi hdn so vdi eon ngfidi, eu the: (i) Chatbot cd thg ldm vigc 24/7 md khong cdn nghi ngdi; (ii) Bot khong cdn dfidc tra Ifidng vdo cuo'i thdng;
(iii) Bot luon luon hieu qua dg tra ldi nhflng cdu hdi vd giai quyet nhflng va'n d l ddn gian ma khdch hdng gap phai; (iv) Chatbot giup con ngfidi dfidc tfi do de xfi ly cac va'n d l phfic tap hdn. Trong tfidng lai, nhieu ngan hdng CO k h a ndng tdi chinh ddi ddo, co the san sang ddu tfi vdo vigc xay dfing vd p h a t trien cac Chatbot thong minh hoac cac trd ly ao thong minh boat dgng trong flng dung ngan hdng cua hg t r e n dien thoai di dgng.
l/ng dung T'Aio t r e n Facebook Fanpage cua ngan hang TMCP Tign Phong c6 tdc do phan hdi tra ldi khdch h a n g chfia de'n 5 giay, hoat dgng 24/7 vd lien tuc hge hdi, hodn thien qua tfing ldn hd trd khach hang d l trd nen thcng minh hdn. Theo do, khi n h a n dfidc cau hdi tfi khdch hdng, T'Aio se phan tich cac cdu tra ldi c6 san trong he tho'ng dfl ligu vd diem ddnh gia mflc do tfi tin CO t h i t r a ldi (confidence level). Trong trfidng hdp d i l m tfi tin cao vd vfidt mfic c6 t h i tra ldi, T'Aio se p h a n hdi khach h a n g . Trfidng hdp phdn tich cdu t r a ldi dfi k i l n dfia r a khdng du tin cdy, T'Aio se ke't no'i vdi tfi vd'n vign, khi do T'Aio se tfi dgng ghi n h a n cdu hoi vd cau t r a ldi mdi de tra ldi khdch hdng nhflng ldn sau.
Ddi vdi vigc tfi dgng hoa bdng quy t r i n h robot, Vigt Nam mdi dfing lai cl vigc nghien cfiu vd k h a o sat. Mot s6' n g a n hdng mdi b a t ddu trien khai fing d u n g ndy nhfi khong gian giao dich cdng nghg so' (Digital Lab) cua ngan h a n g TMCP Ngoai thfidng Vigt
Nam tang t r a i nghiem cho khach hang tai chi n h a n h , qudy giao dich, hay mo hinh giao dich ngan hdng tii dgng LiveBank cua ngan hang TMCP Tien phong.
• Cdng nghd ddlieu ldn vd Internet van vdt Ngdn hdng TMCP Ngoai thfidng Vigt Nam da bfidc ddu thtic hien td chfic, sdp xep dfi lieu lign quan d i n khdch hdng vao cac kho dfi lieu ldn, phuc v u cho viec k h a i thac dfl lieu dfia t r e n cac cong cu p h a n tich dfi lieu 16n. Ngdn h d n g TMCP Quan ddi da t r i l n khai dfi an kho dfl lieu tfi ndm 2015.
Ngan h a n g T M C P Cong thfidng Viet Nam vdi dfi an kho dfl lieu doanh nghiep (EDW) giup cung cd'p d u Ifidng thong tin, dfl lieu can thig't phuc v u cho ed'c mo hinh phdn tich, dfi bao nhfi d a n h gia h a n h vi khach hang, dfi doan, canh bdo rui ro... Ngan hdng TMCP Viet Nam T h i n h vfidng xdy dfing cd sd dfi lieu ldn p h u c vu nghien cflu h a n h vi khach hdng, ndm b a t xu hfidng liia chgn cua khach h a n g vd xu the' t h i trfidng, dti bao doanh thu, xdy dfing chig'n Ifidc vd kg' hoach kinh doanh. Ngan h a n g TMCP Sai (36n trien khai ndng cd'p he thd'ng Core-Banking vd ngdn hdng dign tfi d a t chfing chi bao mdt qudc te PCI DSS 3.2.
• Cdng nghe chudi khdi
0 Viet Nam, mgt so' ngan h d n g ciing dang nghien cfiu fing dung cong nghg nay vdo boat dgng nghigp vu n h u giai phdp hdp ddng thong minh dfia trgn cong nghg bloekehain.
'APImd
Viec dfia san phdm, dieh vu vdo thi trfidng thfidng to'n n h i l u thdi gian, m5t phdn do san phdm, dich vu kem phong phu va mdi chJ hd trd khach hdng c6 tdi khoan tai ngdn hdng thfic hien k i t no'i md khong ho trd khdch h d n g co tdi khoan tai ngdn hdng khac. M6t so n g a n h a n g khong md API cho ben thfi ba k i t noi vdo ma chi cung cap thong tin dang nhdp thong qua Internet banking, do do, t r e n thfic te, 7^?^ phat triln API md giup ngan h a n g vd b§n thfi ba b ' cdn thie't Idp mgt kg't no'i vdo nen tang H • ^
64 Nghien aiu Kinh idsd11(498)-'r\^^^rT~
ing dung cong nghe ,
cbung thay vi phai thiet Idp rieng tfing kg't ndi vdi tfing do'i tac rieng le, giup cho q u a n he doi tdc gifia ben thfi ba vdi n g a n h a n g ddn gian hdn, giup hg giam ngudn Ific vd chi phi bao tri, ddng thdi giup n g a n h a n g giam thdi gian vd t i l n bac vdo viec k h a o sat, tich hdp, chinh sfla phdn mem cua minh. Tuy nhien, d Viet Nam hign nay, viec thfic hien kg't no'i gifia cdc n g a n h a n g la mgt thach thfic, do moi ngan h a n g co thig't ke' vd kie'n true dfi lieu khdc n h a u , d i l u nay lam b a n chg' kha ndng fing dung API md tai cac ngan hang.
5. D a n h gid c h u n g v e t h t f c t r a n g vd x u hficfng d a u tfi i i n g d u n g c o n g n g h e t h o n g t i n
Viec flng dting cong nghg tai cbinh trong boat dgng kinh doanh ngdn hdng tai Viet Nam trong nhfing ndm gdn day dd dfidc cai thien dang k l , dfidc t h i hien t r e n cdc goc do sau:
Thd nhd't, so v6i cac n g d n h n g h i kinh doanh khdc, linh vtie ngdn hdng, tdi chinh da CO phan fing n h a n h , tich ctic tien phong trong vide chu dgng nghign cflu, flng diing khoa hgc cong nghg vd cac t h a n h tiiu tfi cugc each mang cong nghg 4.0 vdo k i n h doanh.
Thd hai, ckc ngdn hang da chu trgng d a u tfi cd sd ha tang cong nghg thong tin, ky thuat hien dai dg cho r a ddi cac san phdm dich vti gdn vdi chien Ifidc k i n h doanh, r u t ngdn thdi gian chd ddi cua k h a c h hdng, giam thieu rui ro trong boat dgng, n a n g cao hieu qua cong vide cua n h a n vien.
Thd ba, cdc n g a n hdng thfidng mai da va dang lign tuc cap nhdt, fing d u n g cdc cong nghg mdi de cai tig'n va dfla r a cac san phdm, dich vu mdi tfi cac san phdm vd tinh ndng trgn cac kgnh dien tfl nhfi: ngan h d n g dign tfi, ATM, san pham t r e n dien thoai di dgng; t r i l n k h a i md h i n h n g a n hdng khong chi nhanh vd chi n h a n h n g a n hdng dien tfl;
fing dung t h a n h toan khdng dung t h e n h d m gia tang sfi t h u a n tien cho k h a c h h d n g trong hoat ddng t h a n h toan.
Thd tif, cac ngan h a n g thfidng mai sfi dung cac giai phdp n g d n h a n g dien tfi (e- banking) de cung cd'p dich vu c h u y i n t i l n qua mang xd hgi va r u t tien tai ATM khong cdn dung the; fing dung cdng nghg phan tich dfl lieu de ddng hda dfi lieu khach hdng, hd trd p h a n tich h a n h vi khach hang n h a n h chdng, phuc vu cho vigc thie't kg' vd cho r a ddi cdc san pham, dich vu ngan hang mdi, tien ich, hign dai, dap fing yeu cdu ngdy cang cao eua k h a c h h a n g .
Thd nam, cdc eong ty fintech bat tay vdi cdc ngan hdng thfidng mai bfidc dau nghien cfiu, fing dung cdc cong nghe dde trfing cua cdch mang cong nghe 4.0 trong viec cai thien hoat dgng n g a n hang, ndng cao chd't Ifidng dich vii vd ho trd cung flng cac san phdm, dich vu mdi phfl hdp vdi nhu cdu ngay cdng cao trong ky nguyen so'.
Tuy nhign, cac b a n che' vdn cdn tdn dgng khig'n vigc flng dung cong nghe vdo boat dgng ngdn h a n g bi gidi b a n :
Thd nhd't, thie'u h d n h lang phap ly dong bg tfi cdc ddn vi, cd q u a n quan ly, nhfi: h d n h lang phdp ly cho boat ddng ngdn hdng s6' (nhdn dien khach hdng bdng phfidng thfic dign tfl - eKYC); thie'u quy dinh ddng bg, cu t b i v l viec quan ly, trao doi, chia se dfl lieu khach hdng hd trd cho viec flng dung cdc cong nghe p h a n tich dfi lieu ldn, dien todn darn mdy... vao hoat dgng cua cdc ngdn hdng.
Thd hai, sfi p h a t trien khong ddng d l u v l cong nghe gifia cac ngdn hdng ldm h a n che' k h a ndng fing dung nghiep vu mang t i n h todn nganh; b a n chg' k h a ndng ke't noi, trao ddi dfl lieu cd tinh he tho'ng gifla cac ngan hdng de cung k h a i thac, p h a t trign cac loai dieh vii ngdn hdng do'i vdi khach hang ca nhan, doanh nghiep va n i n kinh te.
Thd ba, ha tdng t h a n h toan chfia phat trien ddng deu va chfia hodn thien, ha tdng an toan, an ninh bao m a t cung cdn nhieu b a n che', Nhdn thflc cua cac n g a n hdng trong viec fing dung cong nghe tdi ehinh con d mflc do han- che, p h d n Idn cdc ngan hdng
N^ien cut/ Kmh tdsd 11(498) • Thing 11/2019 65
(JTng dung cdng nghe
Vigt Nam d l u cho rdng be tho'ng cdng nghe thong tin hien tai cua m i n h dap flng dfidc nbu eau hign tai. Ha t a n g an ninh bao m a t vd bg thd'ng quan tri, giam sat dfidc d a n h gia dap fing d mfic do thd'p vdi cac yeu cdu cua tUdng lai. Dilu n a y p h a n dnh hien t r a n g cua viec cac ngan h d n g vdn chu ye'u pbat trien ha tdng mang de phuc vu viec vdn h a n h va pbat t r i l n san p h d m n h i l u hdn Id vigc ddu tfi vao viec d a m bao an todn bao mdt va giam sdt boat dgng ngan hang.
Them vao dd, sfi xua't bidn cua cac cong ty tdi chinh cong nghe - la cdc cong ty vfia vd nhd, dau tfi cho ha t a n g cdng nghe thong tin cdn h a n che', chfia t u d n t h u tieu chudn an ninh chat che nhfi cae n g a n h a n g vd viec cho phep ben thfl ba truy cap vdo he thdng vd dfi lieu ngan h a n g se ldm p h a t sinh nhfing rui ro t i l m dn ve an n i n h mang va bao mdt dfl ligu.
Thd td, b a n e h i ve ngudn nhdn Itic cong nghe thdng tin chd't Ifidng cao, ddp fing dfidc yeu cau ddi mdi vd fing dung cong nghe thong tin trong hoat dgng nghiep vu va quan ly. Mgt so' ddn vi chfia co bg phdn hoac can bg ehuyen trdch ve an ninh, an todn thong tin, eac dich vu cong nghe thdng tin phfic tap phdn ldn phai t h u e ngodi.
6. Mot s o k h u y e n n g h i d i n h hrf6ng
&ng d u n g c o n g n g h e t a i c h i n h t r o n g k i n h d o a n h n g a n h a n g t r o n g t h 6 i g i a n t6i
Dfing trfidc cdc cd hoi vd thach thfic cua cude each mang cong nghg 4.0, de co the phdt t r i l n nhanh, m a n h , hidu qua va phu hdp vdi xu hfidng p h a t trien cdng nghd trong bdi canh cua the gidi, n g a n h ngan hdng can xac dinh chiln Ifidc, dinh hfidng p h a t trien vd cac giai phap d l thich fing vdi xu the' phdt trien.
Thd nhd't, cdn tao k h u o n khd p h a p ly cdn thiet p h a t t r i l n cong nghd so, dap flng kip thdi ygu cdu flng dung cua cac dinh che tdi chinh noi chung, cac n g d n h a n g noi rieng.
Hien tai, khudn khd p h a p 1^ cho ngdnh ngan hdng t r i l n k h a i cac flng diing cong nghe
thdng tin nhin c b u n g con rd't t h i l u , chfia ddng bg, chfia theo kip vdi tdc do phat t n e n cua cong nghe. Cong nghd va ha tdng mgt so san pham, dich vu da sdn sang nhfing phdp luat chfia cho phep, k h i l n cac ngdn bdng khong ddm trien k h a i hoac ddu tfi m a n h de cung cd'p r a t h i trfidng. D l giai quygt vd'n dg nay, mdt m^t, cdc cd q u a n quan ly n h a nfidc cdn tdng to^c tao k h u d n kho p h a p ly cdn thig't eho edng nghe s6' p h a t t r i l n , ddp fing kip thdi yeu cdu fing d u n g cua cac doanh nghigp ndi chung, cac n g a n h a n g noi ridng; mat khac, Chinh phu cdn dfia r a cac quy dinh cho phep thfl nghigm, thi d i l m nhflng san pham mdi,' md h i n h kinh doanh mdi trong khi k h u o n khd p h a p ly hign h d n h chfia tao d i l u kien cho s a n g tao khdi nghidp, fing dung cong nghe mdi; ddng thdi, xay dfing ccf c h i quan ly giam s a t p h u hdp vdi bo'i canh Vidt Nam vd cac chudn mfic ehung, thdng lg to't cua the'gidi.
Thd hai, can tao dfing cd sd h a tang, n i n tang cong nghe c h u n g vd xdy dfing, hinh thdnh hg sinh t h a i cdn thie't cho cong nghg so' pbat trien, tao sfi ke't nd'i, lidn thdng, chia se thong tin, dfi ligu t h u d n ldi gifla cac he tho'ng cong nghg thong tin cua cdc doanh nghiep ndi chung, cac n g a n h a n g noi rieng.
Vide ndy co y nghia tdng t h i , cdn ban, Idu dai, ddng thdi giup t i l t kidm rd't nhieu thdi gian va chi phi cua xa hgi. Dieu nay, ddi hdi sfi tap t r u n g ngudn Ific cua khdng chi cua tfing ngdn bdng, td chfic tin dung ma con tfi phia Chinh phu. Chinh phu cdn ddu tfi phat trien ha t a n g cong nghe qudc gia, b a n hdnh vd trien k h a i cac chinh sach Uu dai, h5 trd nham khuye'n khich n g a n hang phat trien san pham, dich vu tdi chinh. Theo do, Vidt Nam cdn phdt t r i l n cdc ha tdng nen tang bao gdm^ cd sd ha tdng v l v i l n thdng, ky thudt sd va tai chinh (nhu internet bang thdng rgng, cac dich vu dfi lieu di d6ng kho dfl lidu, cac dich vu t h a n h todn, q u y l t toan...) tao dieu k i l n cho vile thu t h | p xfl Iv vd truyen dfi ligu higu qua vdi chi phi thd' xay dting cd sd h a t a n g cung cap dich
6 6
UTng dung cong nghe ,
dinh d a n h dien tfl tdp t r u n g (eKYC/elD), do mdt cd quan chfic ndng chiu trdch nhidm cd'p phat, quan ly, Ifiu trfl. Cd sd dfl lieu n a y cdn cung cd'p mdt cdng truy xud't cong cdng, cho phep td't ca cac td chfic xa hgi khi cdn cd t h i truy xud't dfl lidu q u a mdt tidu chudn ke't no'i da dfldc quy dinh de thfic hien xac thtic nhdn dang didn tfi ca n h a n lien q u a n den thu tuc h d n h chinh bdt ky; nghien cfiu xu hfidng ngdn h a n g md (open Banking), tiep can md tdi thdng tin tai k h o a n khdch hang.
Thd ba, cdn t a n g cfidng cdng tac q u a n ly an ninh mang. Tfl ban t h d n cdc n g a n h d n g phai cdp nhdt cac tigu c h u a n an todn t h d n g tin de tie'p cdn ddn vdi eac c h u a n mtic an todn thong tin cua thg' gidi cac bien p h a p dam bao an ninh, an toan cho hg thd'ng thanh toan. Ngodi ra, p h a t hidn da'u t r a n h , phdng ngfla, ngdn chdn vd xfl ly cac h a n h vi vi pham phap ludt trong Knh vfic t h a n h toan va cdc phfidng thfic t h a n h toan sfi dting cong nghd cao.
Thd td, cdng tac truyen thdng, tuyen truyin, phd bien, ndng c a o . k i e n thfic tai chinh trong xa hoi ve kinh tg' s6', tai chinh so cdn dfidc quan t a m ddy m a n h , giup cho ngfidi dung sfl dung dung each, biet tfi bao ve minh. Dac bigt chu trgng ndng cao cha't Ifidng ngudn n h a n liic, nha't la ngudn n h a n liic cong nghg cao cho Ngdn h a n g N h a nfidc va cac to chflc tin dung d l nghign cflu, ap dting va t r i l n khai cac t h a n h qua cua cdng nghe 4.0 vao qua t r i n h q u a n tri, v a n h a n h vd cung cd'p dich vu cfla he thong ngan hang. Xay dfing chfidng t r i n h ddo tao fintech cho gido dtic dai hgc vd s a u dai hgc vd CO quy dinh, hfidng ddn cac cd sd ddo tao td chfic dao tao n h a n Ific cho hoat ddng fintech d cac cd^p dd. Dao tao each tid'p cdn kinh doanh qua p h a n tich boi canh k i n h doanh ludn co nhflng tien bg cong nghe cung vdi nhflng td chflc, ca n h d n mdi t h a m gia canh t r a n h lam t h a y ddi each k i n h doanh hign tai nhdm cung cd^p cho ngfidi hgc h i i u bie't tot hdn v l xu hfidng cdng nghd hien tai
trong linh vfic k i n h doanh. Tap trung vdo dao tao p h d t trien ddy du cac md hinh kinh doanh dfia trdn n e n t a n g cdng nghe bao gdm: dao tao chuygn sdu v l phdn tich fintech thdng qua mo hinh hoa tin dung, tien tg sd'va Bloekehain dfia t r e n dfl heu; t u vd'n trtic tuye'n vd he thd'ng boa hoat dgng thfidng mai; cdc fing d u n g fintech trong tdi chinh doanh nghiep, tai chinh ca nhdn, t h a n h todn, t a i chinh tidu dung, cho vay t n i c tuyg'n; q u a n ly tai san, quan ly rui ro fintech...
Thd nam, v l quan ly cdng nghe, edn dao tao ngudn n b a n liic chuyen sdu phan tich cong nghg, bao mdt, an ninh thdng tin, hien dai hoa cong nghd thdng tin, hd tho'ng thdng tin tai chinh, q u a n ly fing dung cong nghd trong tai chinh doanh nghidp... Nham r e n luygn ky ndng t i i p cdn thfic t i l n cua ngfidi hgc, nhflng chfidng trtnh thfic h a n h dfidc ca'u true tot vdi mue dich tao r a nhflng n h a doi mdi fintech trong tfidng lai. Cac cd sd ddo tao cdn kd't no'i vdi cac td chflc t h a m gia vd hoat dgng fintech, to chfic thfic tdp va trao ddi sinh vign vdi nfldc ngoai, tao d i l u kien cho ngfidi hoc tie^p can thfic tign va nghien cfiu cdc giai p h a p sang tao v l cdng nghe, md hinh kinh doanh va san phdm, dich VII..., tao r a ngudn n h a n Ific lam cdng viec chuyen mon, q u a n ly va chuydn gia vdi cac ky n a n g va ky t h u a t tign tien, tdm nhin rgng ve cac flng dung cdn thid't trong linh vfic dich vu tai chinh de t h a m gia vao boat dgng fintech./.
TAI LifiU THAM KHAO
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2. Dorfleitner G., Homuf L. (2016), The Fintech market in Germany, Final Report, Gemiany, http://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/Content/EN/Stan dardarlikel/Topics/Intemational affairs/Arti cles/20I6-12- 13-studv-finlech-market-in-germanv.pdf?
biob=publ icationFile&v=2.
N^ien aiu Kinh tdsd 11(493) • Thimg 11/2019 67
iSm dung cong nghe ...
3. European Parliament (2017), Report on Fintech:
The influence of Fintech on the future of the financial sector. Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs.
4. Frost and Sullivan (2016), The Fintech In Australia Trends, Forecasts and Analysis 2015-2020, Stale Government of Australia, http://asiancenturvinstitute .com/economv/1163-fintech-in-australia-trends-forecasts- and-analvsis-2015-2020.
5. Financial Services Development Council (2016), The future of Fintech in Hong Kong, FSDC Paper No.29, Hong Kong.
6. Financial Slabilitv Board (2017), Financial stability_
implications from Fintech: Supervisory and Regulatory issues that Merits Authonties, Attentions, FSB.
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14798483767908095#%40%3F_afrLoop%3D 1479848 37 67908095%26centerWidth%3D100%2525%26dDocNam e%3DSBV364979%261eftWidth%3D0%2525%26rightW idth%3D0%2525%26showFooter%3Dfalse%26showHea der%3Dfalse%26_adf.ctrl-state%3Dve5h7lt7n3-
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Ngay nhan bki: 13-6-2019 Ngay nhan ban sira: 27-6-2019 Ngay d u y a dang: 15-8-2019
68 Nghi^ cOu Kinh tesd 11(498) - Thang 11/3019
