Tap chiKHKTMo - Dia chdt, sd30, 4/2010, tr.29-35
NGHIEN Ciru XAY DlTNG THI DIEM MO HINH KHAI THAC N i r 6 c NGAM TRONG CAC CON CAT VEN SONG TRlTOfNG GIANG
TINH QUANG NAM BANG HANH LANG THU N l / 6 c
DUONG THI THANH THUY, H O A N G VAN HOAN, PHAN THI THUY DU'ONG Trudng Dgi hgc Md - Dia chdt
Tdm tat.' Bdi bdo trinh bdy kit qud nghiin eini xdy dung thir nghiim md hinh khai thae nude ngdm trong cdn cdt ven sdng Tnrdng Giang tinh Quang Nam bdng hdnh lang thu nude. Vdi hi thdng hdnh lang khai thdc thi diim ddi 10m cho kit qua bom nude thi nghiim 300m /ng. Tir md hinh thi diim ndy cho thdy. vdi hdnh lang thu nirdc hoiin todn cd ihi sir dung de khai thdc nirde trong cdc trdm tich mong ven sdng Tnrdng Giang. .Md hinh khai thdc nude ndy ed thi dp dung rang rdi trong cdc trdm tich mong ven .sdng vd trong cdc thdu kinh nii'd'c nhgt ven biin miin Trung phuc vu phdt triin bin virng kinh li xd hgi eua linh.
1. Dat van de
Tren the gidi viec ap dung md hinh cdng nghe khai thac nude ngam bang hanh lang thu nude trong cac thanh tao trudc niii hoac cac tram tich mdng ven sdng, trong cac thau kinh nude nhat ven bien da dugc ap dung tir lau. Tu}
nhien dang md hinh cdng nghe khai thac nay d nude ta thdi gian gan day mdi dugc ap dung d mdt vai noi va thu dugc hieu qua kha tdt nhu:
cdng nghe gieng tia tai My Phiic- My Lgc- Nam Dinh. gieng dudng kinh Idn tai Binh Djnh ha}
md hinh hao thu nude tai Vu Ddng - Thai Binh.
Cdng trinh thu nude nam ngang ciia PGS.TS Doan Van Canh tai Son Tay nam 1998.
Quang Nam la mdt tinh mien Trung vdi chieu dai bd bien tren 190km. Tai Quang Nam cd sdng Trudng Giang chay dgc theo ven bien tao nen dai cdn cat ven sdng va ven bien chieu dai khoang 76kni. Trong dai cdn cat nay cd chira nude nggt, nhung cd chieu day mdng, nude rat de bj nhiem man va nhiem ban. hien dang la ngudn nude duy nhat cung cap cho mgi lioat ddng ciia nhan dan trong viing. Vdi dac thii nhir va}. viec nghien ciru. lua chgn va xa}- dung md hinh khai thac nude ngam phii hgp vdi tang, chira nude trong cac cdn cat ven bien va ven sdng Trudng Giang la mdt viec lam het sire can ihiet \a cd y nghTa thuc tien cao.
2. Diic di^ni dja chat thuy van khu virc nghien ciiu
Theo kCn qua nghien cuu da cdng bd va ket qua khao sat thuc dja cho tha}: trong pham \i
viing nghien ciru cd cac phan vj dja chat thuy van tir tren xudng dudi nhu sau :
+ Tdng chiia nude Holocen
Trong pham vi viing nghien ciru. tang chira nude nay dugc thanh tao tii' tram tich cd ngudn gdc sdng bien hdn hgp (ainQ2"') va tram tich gid bi^n(mvQ2^)[l].
- Tram tich sdng bien (amQ:^) phan bd chii }eu dgc hai ben bd sdng Trudng Giang Tir Binh Nam qua Binh Hao. Binh Dao. Binh Minh den Xuyen Thg. Dien phan bd khoang 65 km".
Thanh phan thach hgc chii yeu la cat. cat pha set.
- Tram tich gid bien (mvQ:') phan bd thanh cdn cat va dai cat ven bien. Dgc bd bien. tram tich nay tao thanh con de ngan each ddng bang va bd bien. Thanh phan tram tich chu yeu la cat thach anh mau trang phdt vang. be day 5 den 44 m.
Cac Id khoan nghien ciru trong tram tich nay cho ty luu lugng tii' 0,18 1/sm (LKBS31) den 7,46 l/sm (LK BS 21), chii yeu nam trong khoang 1-31/s.m. Luu lugng thay ddi 1.65 den 13.6 l/s. He sd tham tii' 0,5 den 30m/ng. Day la tang chira nude ngam, muc nude tha} ddi tii' 0.46 dgn 4,68in. Do khoang tha} ddi tir 0.7 din 28.2 g/1. Nude thudc loai sieu nhat den nude mudi. Loai hinh hda hgc Clorua. Clorua - Bicacbonat, Bicacbonat - Clorua.
+ Ldp each nude trdm tich sdng biin thdng Holocen dudi giira (nuiQ''':)
Thanh phan thach hgc la set, set pha cat mau xam den. xanh den. xanh nhat, xam tro.
chieu day tii' 11 den 20m. ChiSu day thay ddi tir 2.5 den 27m. Ldp set lan cat nay kha day nen cd the ngan can su nhiem man tir phirc he chiia nude Neogen xam nhap d dudi len [1].
+ Tdng chira nude Pleistoeen (Q1.3) Thanh phan thach bgc chu yeu la cat. cat pha.
set pha, cudi sdi. sdi. tang. Chieu day tii' 11 den 50m. Muc nude dao ddng tii' 0,7 d6n 3,8m. Kit qua bom nude thi nghiem cac Id khoan trong tang chira nude na} cho t}' luu lugng thay ddi tir 0.1 den 5.191/s.m. chu yeu trong khoang tii' 0,2 den l.OI/s.m, luu lugng tha} ddi tii' 2,2 den 14,71/s. Iiai lugng muc nude thi nghiem tai cac gieng thay ddi til' 0,1 dgn l,OI/s, thudng gap tii' 0,5 - 0,81/s. He sd tham thay ddi tii' 0.49 den 56,8 m/ng.
Nude cd do khoang hda thay ddi tii' 0,05 den l,9g/l. Loai hinh hda hgc ciia nude Clorua, Clorua - Bicacbonat. Day la tang chua nude cd dien phan bd rgng, chieu day tuong ddi Idn. cd muc do chua nude trung binh. Cac dai man nhat nam xen ke nhau. Tang chua nude nay nam phii true tiep len tren phiic he chua nude Neogen, nen cd kha nang bi nhiem man tii' tang chira nude Neogen.
Tdng chua nude Neogen (N/ )
Theo mat cat cd 2 phan kha rd: phan tren la cat ket, cudi ket, set ket giau vat chat huu co'.
gan ket yeu nhieu doan ngam nude deo mem;
phan dudi la cudi ket. san ket chua cudi, cat ket chiia cudi xam vang. xam sang gan ket yeu de vun nat. Chieu day ciia tang thay ddi tii' 20 den 400m. Tang chua nude bj nhiem man, do khoang hda thay ddi tii' 0,86 den 19,4g/l.
Nhu vay. trong pham vi ven sdng Trudng Giang chi cd tang chira nude tudi (amvQ''2) la cd the khai thac de cap nude nhu cau an udng, sinh boat ndng nghiep va cdng nghiep cua ngudi dan trong viing.
3. Lira chon md hinh khai thac nude phii hgp 3.1. Lira chgn vi tri xdy dung md hinh khai thdc nude ngdm
+ Hien trang khai thac sii' dung nude
Hien tai. cac hd dan trong vimg deu sii' dung nude dudi dat de phuc vu cho an udng va sinh boat. Cac hd gia dinh khai thac nude bang gieng dao hoac cac lo khoan tay kieu UNICEF.
Cac gieng khoan ta}. vdi dudng kinh 60mm. dat sau tir 4 din 7in. Cac gieng dao cd dudng kinh 50 din 70cm. sau 3 din 4in. Nude tu cac gieng va cac 16 khoan ta} dugc bom len \ a su dung nga}. khdng cd he thdng Igc lang \ a khu triing.
+ Vj tri lira chgn xay dung md hinh thi diem
Theo cac kit qua khao sat thuc dia vao 2 miia mua va miia khd. cac tai lieu da cdng bo:
trong pham vi vimg nghien cuu dgc sdng Trudng Giang. ting chira nude (amvQ';) phan bd thanh dai keo dai tir Binh Nam qua Binh Hao. Binh Trieu. Binh Dao. Binh Minh den Xuyen Thg. vdi dien tich khoang 65knr. Tai .\a Binh Minh da cd cdng trinh nghien ciru va quan trie muc nude dudi dat ciia tang chira nude nay.
Tir kit qua cac lo khoan tham dd giai doan trudc, ket qua khao sat thuc dia cho thay: tai vimg lua chgn de xay dung md hinh thi diem:
ting chiia nude nay nhat, do khoang hoa tir 0.08 den 0.47g/l. chieu sau muc nude ngam thay doi til' 0,15 den 1,6 miia mua 1,2m (5/2009). miia khd I,9in (7/2009), chieu day tang chiia nude tir 3,5 den 20,5in, he sd tham thay ddi tir 2,5 den 13,5m/ngay. Tai vi tri xay dung md hinh thi diem tai xa Binh Minh: muc nude tTnh miia mua 1,2 m (5/2009), miia khd la 1,9m (7/2009), do khoang hda ciia nude 0,22g/l. Theo tai lieu Id khoan quan trac nude dudi dat tai vj tri xay dung hanh lang thu nude, be day tang chira nude 7.8m. Hien tai, nhan dan trong xa khai thac nude tir tang chu'a nude nay phuc vu cho an udng sinh boat cua xa. Tren co sd dd nhom tac gia lua chgn vj tri xay dung thu nghiem mo hinh khai thac nude tai xa Binh Minh.
3.2. Ddnh gid vd lua chon mo hinh khai thdc nude ngdm
Tang chira nude Holocen ven sdng Trudng Giang cd thanh phan thach hgc chu ylu la cat hat mjn, ddi noi cd lan set, be day mdng, kha nang cbiia dan nude trung binh. Dl khai thac nude ngam trong tang chiia nude nay, su dung cac bien phap khai thac sau day:
a. Ddnh gid kha ndng khai thdc nude ngam bdng cdc Id khoan tay dudng kinh nho
* Cdc Id khoan tay duirng kinh nhd quy md nhd le
Day la phuong an thuan Igi va thdng dung nhat khi cap nude rieng le cho tirng hd gia dinh hien nay, ngudi dan chii ddng dugc trong cac khau dau tu, van hanh cdng trinh, khdng phai tra tien nude trong qua trinh sii' dung. Tai .xa Binh Minh chieu sau lo khoan tay dang nay chi ,sau 4 den 6m, vdi chilu dai dng lgc ngan. gieng nay khai thac tdi da khoang 5m''/ng. Khi khai thac nude hinh thuc nay chat lugng nude khdng dugc kiem duyet va khdng dugc xu ly. Gia thanh mdi hd gia dinh dau tu khoan Id khoan.
may bom Trung Qude va he thdng be chiia khdng cd he thdng xu' ly, vdi gia ca hien nay khoang 3 trieu ddng, nude bom len khdng dugc xir ly ve chat lugng. Mat khac, mdi hd gia dinh mdt Id khoan nen, vdi sd lugng Id khoan Idn. do cac don vj tu nhan thi cdng khdng dugc kiem soat, rat de gay nhiem ban va nhiem man tang chira nude.
* Cdc Id khoan tay dudng kinh nhd vd'i quy md tap trung
Neu khai thac nude tap trung bang cac Id khoan nhd, ndng tap trung thi tren thuc te mdi lo khoan tay neu lay bet be day tang chua nude, chi lay dugc luu lugng tdi da nhat khoang 10 nrVng, neu khai thac 100m /ng, thi can den 10 Id khoan. Nhu vay ndi mang cac Id khoan nay ihi can sd lugng Id khoan Idn va bd tri tren mdt dien tich kha rdng gay khd khan cho viec bom khai thac nude, xir ly nude..., khd cd the kiem soat dugc kha nang xam nhap man khi khai thac vdi sd lugng gieng nhieu nhu vay. Xet kha nang lay nude tii' cac cdng trinh khai thac nay nhu sau:
Luu lugng tir he thdng cac Id khoan dugc xac djnh theo cdng thirc sau :
1.366*K*S*(2H-S) lgR-1/nlgR,, trong dd :
K - he sd tham (m/ng);
Q - tdng luu lugng cua toan bai gieng (nr'/ng);
H - cdt cao muc nude tTnh (in);
R - ban kinh anh hudng (m);
Ro - ban kinh gilng Idn (m);
S - tri sd ha thap muc nude tai tam ciia izienc Idn.
Vdi dieu kien dja chat thuy van ciia \iing nghien cu'u, khai thac nude dudi dat tir he thdng
10 Id khoan ndng, cac Id khoan nay dat tren dudng trdn cd khoang each tdi tam ciia dudng trdn la 30m, thi luu lugng thu dugc tir he thdng gieng nay se la :
Cdt cao muc nude tTnh (theo tai lieu Id khoan quan trac) tai xa Binh Minh - H. Thang Binh, be day tang chua nude la : 7,8in [3].
Tri sd ha thap muc nude tai tam gieng Idn la 1,5m.
Ban kinh anh hudng , xac dinh theo cdng thirc kinh nghiem: R = 2 * S * V H . K , xac dinh dugc R = 62,4m
Ban kinh gieng Idn Ro la 30m.
He sd tham K (theo ket qua bom nude thi nghiem) tai Id khoan quan trac tai xa Thang BinhK= 15,1 m/ng [3].
Luu lugng khai thac dugc tir he thdng cac Id khoan nay la Q = 263,1 m^/ng.
h. Ddnh gid kha ndng khai thdc tir cdng nghi giing tia
De khai thac nude trong tang chira nude mdng nam ndng, tren the gidi va d Viet Nam cung da ap dung cdng nghe gieng tia. d giua la gieng trung tam, chieu sau gieng trung tam tiiy thudc vao be day tang chua nude, vdi dac diem vi tri lira chgn thi khoang 4-6m, dudng kinh gieng 3m. Cach day gieng khoang vai l-2m, khoan cac Id khoan tia vdi chieu dai 5m. Cd the tinh luu lugng tii' he thdng cac Id khoan tia nay nhu sau :
Luu lugng chay tdi gieng xac dinh theo cdng thu'c sau [6,7]:
1,366*K*(2H-S)*S
Q
I R R / R n
la
Cdt cao muc nude tTnh 7,8 m;
Trj sd ha thap muc nude tai gieng trung tam ,5in;
R - ban kinh anh hudng 62.4 m;
Ban kinh gieng, tinh tii' tam tdi het chieu dai ciia Id khoan tia. Tinh tii' tam gieng dai 6m;
He sd tham K: 15,1 m/ng;
Luu lugng khai thac tir gieng tia nay la Q = 425,2 mVng.
c. Ddnh gid khd ndng khai thcie nude tir hdnh lang thu nude ndm ngang
Luu lugng don \ j cha}' tdi cdng hanh lang thu nude dugc xac djnh theo cdng thirc sau [6]:
2*K*(2H-S)S
'^r ^ •
vd'i:H - cdt cao muc nude tTnh : 7,8 m;
S - tri sd ha thap muc nude tai tam gieng Idn la 1.5m:
R - ban kinh anh hudng bang 62,4in;
He sd tham K : 5m/ng;
Luu lugng don vi chay tdi cdng trinh se la q = 10,2 in"'/m.ng.
Neu hanh lang cd chieu dai la 30m. thi luu lugng cha} vao cdng trinh thu nude khoang 306 mVng.
Tir tinh toan \ a phan tich tren cho thay. de khai thac nude tir tang chira nude mong Holocen cd the su dung cac phuong phap khai thac nhu da trinh bay d tren. Theo ket qua tinh toan kha nang la} nude tii' cac cdng trinh khai thac nay tuong diro'ng nhau.
Neu khai thac tir he thdng cac Id khoan dudng kinh nhd. phai can sd lugng Idn. bd tri tren dien tich Idn. Khi khai thac tir be thdng cac Id khoan na}. cac Id khoan nay phai cd cdng nghe ndi mang vdi nhau hoac chi phi lap dat may bom cho tirng Id khoan se tdn kem. Mat
khac nhilu lo khoan chi phi nhieu cho cdng tac quan 1} \a \an hanh.
Nlu khai thac blng cdng nghe gieng tia kha phirc tap: phai dao gieng thu cd dirimg kinh 4 - 5in. nlm dudi muc nude ngam khoang 3m. Tir gilng thu na} khoan he thdng cac Id khoan nho nlm ngang. chua ndi den cdng nghe khoan ma chi xet din thdi gian thao khd de thi cdng het lo khoan nlm ngang lau va chi phi ha thap muc nude kha tdn kem.
Nlu cdng trinh khai thac la hanh lang thu nude, thi cdng hanh lang thu nude bang phuong phap thu cdng. don gian. cac he thdng dng lap sin tren mat dlt. thdi gian va chi phi phuc vu cho thao khd nhanh. Vi va}. de khai thac nude trim tich chira nude ven sdng Trudng Giang vimg nghien ciru chimg tdi lira chgn cdng nghe khai thac la hanh lang thu nude nam ngang.
4. Thiet ke hanh lang thu nude 4.1. Mat bdng hdnh lang thu nude
Day la md hinh nghien cuu thir nghiem nen chirng tdi xa} dung hanh lang dai 1 Om, he thdng dng Igc thu nude nam ngang dudng kinh llOmm. 6 gitia hanh lang la gieng thu dudng kinh 168mm lap may bo'in. dau va cudi tii}en hanh lang la 02 dng bao dudng nham rira sach he thdng dng Igc thu nude ciia hanh lang (hinh 1).
Ong bao duong D60mm Gieng thu nuoc D168mni Ong bao duong D60nini
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Hinh 1. Mat blng hanh lang thu nude
4.2. Cdu tao chi tiit hdnh lang thu nu&c
Theo tai lieu khao sat thuc tl ciia chiing tdi vao 2 mua mua va mua khd, cot dia tang lo klioan quan trie tai vj tri lira chgn xay dung hanh lang thu nude : muc nude tinh miia mua sau 1,2, miia khd 1,9m, dir kiln muc nude ha thlp I,5m. Chiing tdi da xay dung hanh lang thu nude nhu sau (hinh 2).
Hinh 2. Mat cat dgc ciia hanh lang thu nude Cau tao hanh lang : dng Igc thu nude ciia
hanh lang dai 10m, hanh lang du kien dao dai 12m. Day hanh lang cd dd vat lieu Igc cd cau tao nhu tang Igc ngugc de tao mdi trudng tham cho he thdng dng Igc thu nude, rgng 1,5m. Do dao trong ldp cat chay nen mieng hanh lang rdng lOm. Chieu sau hanh lang 4,5m dudi mat dat, bao dam nam dudi muc nude ngam miia khd khoang 2,6in.
Ong Igc thu nude la dng Igc PVC cd dudng kinh 110mm, cd bgc ludi de ngan can cac thanh phan cat hat min vao trong dng lgc khi khai thac. Dudng kinh Id due 12inin, khoang each giua cac Id due theo chieu ngang 15inm, khoang each Id due theo chieu thang dung 15mm. Ludi bgc inox 2min dugc quan 2 ldp. Vj tri dat dng Igc : chieu sau muc nude tTnh tai vj tri lira chgn miia mua l,2in, miia khd 1,9m, theo tinh toan trj sd ha thap la 2in, do vay dng Igc dat sau dudi mat dat la 4,1 m.
Ldp vat lieu Igc: do dng Igc dat trong tang chira nude la cat hat mjn 0,3inm nen diing phuong phap lap phan ldp, sat dng lgc vat lieu hat thd (cudi sdi), cang xa vat lieu nhd dan (cat) de tao thanh ting lgc ngugc: dudng kinh sdi lap khoang 5mm, day khoang 20crri. Tilp theo la Idp cat hat thd vdi cd hat la 1 mm den cat hat mjn. vdi chieu day tdi thieu 0.2m xung quanh dng lgc.
c l u tao cua gieng thu nude: gieng thu nude sau 4,5ni. cd dng lang dai 0.4m. vdi
dudng kinh 168mm, dat may bom vdi luu lugng 200-300m^/ng.
Cau tao cua dng bao dudng : de thuan tien cho viec bao dudng cdng trinh thu nude'sau nay, dat 2 dng bao bao dudng tai hai dau cua dng Igc thu nude. Mdi dng bao dudng se dat each gieng thu nude 5m, dudng kinh ciia dng bao dudng 60min, sau bang chieu sau ciia dng lgc thu nude, ndi lien vdi dng Igc thu nude.
5. Ket qua thi cdng hanh lang thu nu'dc 5.7. Thi cdng hdnh lang thu nude
Tren co sd phuong an lua chgn va thiet ke, tien hanh lap dat he thdng dng thu, dng Igc, dng lang va dng bao dudng tii' tren mat dat. Dao hanh lang thu nude tuong tu nhu dao ranh thoat nude. Tuy nhien, viec dao hanh lang thu nude cd chieu sau Idn, lai dao trong cat chay va phan Idn chieu sau hanh lang thu nude ngap trong nude. Chiing tdi sii' dung bien phap dao bang may xue vdi hanh lang thu nude cd do ddc 30°
(1/1). Sau do dung may hiit nude va biin hut can nude va tien hanh - do ldp vat lieu Igc dudi day hanh lang theo dimg thiet ke : ben ngoai ciing la thanh phan cat vang hat mjn day 0.2m. thanh phan hat thd la cudi; sdi khoang 0,2 m dan vao tam cua dng - lap dat dng Igc- lap dat Idp vat lieu Igc tren dng lgc ciing gidng lap dat Idp vat lieu lgc dudi day theo'diing thiet kl. lip he thdng dng thu - lap he thdng dng bao dudng o 2 dau cLia dng lgc thu nude (anh 1).
Anh 1. Hanh lans thu niidc sau thi cdng 5.2. Thdi rua hdnh lang vd bom nude thi
nghiem
De lam sach. Idi keo cac vat chat lap nhet cac Id dng Igc va cac khe hd ciia vat lieu Igc khdi phuc lai kha nang thu nude cua hanh lang thu nude va tao mdi trudng tham tu nhien, chiing tdi da tien hanh bom riia ngugc : bit kin 2 dng bao dudng va dng thu nude, tien hanh bom nude tii' ben ngoai vao trong thdi gian 4 ca may.
Sau khi ket thuc bom riia ngugc cho muc nude hdi phuc hoan toan, chung tdi tien hanh bom nude thi nghiem. Ket qua bom thi nghiem cho thay luu lugng bom dat 3,51/s tuong duong 300m''/ng, thdi gian bom thi nghiem 12 ca may, trj sd ha thap miic nude l,2in, ty luu lugng
1,75 l/s.
6. Ket luan
Ket qua thiet ke va thi cdng thi diem md hinh hanh lang thu nude nam ngang trong cdn cat ven sdng Trudng Giang tai xa Binh Minh - Quang Nam cho thay vdi md hinh khai thac nude ngam nam ngang thi diem dai 10 m, sau 4,5m. sir dung dng Igc ludi cho luu lugng bom thi nghiem 3.51/s. ty luu lugng 1,75 l/s.m. Vdi luu lugng khai thac nay cd the xu ly nude tap trung va cap nude cho khu dan cu khoang 300 den 400 ngudi.
- Chieu sau cua md binh khai thac nude ngam nam ngang khdng Idn dudi mat dat. nen rat de bi nhiem ban tir tren mat, can xay dung
ddi phdng hd ve sinh xung quanh cdng trinh theo quy pham.
Nhu vay, vdi phan tich, tinh tdan va thi cdng thuc te nhu da thuc hien cua nhdm tac gia nhu tren thi md hinh hanh lang khai thac nude ngam nam ngang khdng nhung phii hgp vdi tang chiia nude trong cac tram tich mdng ven sdng Trudng Giang va nhieu viing dan cu doc cac cdn cat ven sdng, ven bien ciia tinh Quang Nam phuc vu phat trien ben vung kinh te xa hdi cua tinh Quang Nam. Md hinh nay cung cd the ap dung rdng rai de khai thac nude d cac viing khac nhau nhu cac tram tich ven sdng, ven bien mien Trung va cac tram tich ven sdng viing Trung Du Bac Bd phuc vu khai thac va su dung nude dudi dat mdt each khoa hgc va lau ben.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1]. Nguyen Trudng Diu, 1987. Bao cao ket qua tim kiem nude dudi dat viing Thang binh Quang Nam - Da Nang.
[2]. Pham Quy Nhan, 2004. Ddng luc hgc nude dudi dat. Trudng Dai hgc Md - Dia chit.
[3]. Trung tam dieu tra danh gia tai nguyen nude - cue quan ly tai nguyen nude va cdng trinh thuy Igi. Xay dung md hinh khai thac nude ngam bang cdng nghe hao thu nude phuc vu cap nude sinh boat ndng thdn. 2001.
[4]. Du an thi diem ung dung cdng nghe khai thac nude dudi dat bang gieng tia tai xa My Phuc- My Lgc- Nam Djnh, 2000.
SUMMARY
Research and construction of groundwater exploitation pilot model in sand dunes along Truong Giang river, Quang Nam province by horizontal water collection corridor
Duong Thi Thanh Thuy, Hoang Van Hoan, Phan Thi Thuy Duong University of Mining and Geology
This paper presents the results of research and testing to build model exploit groundwater in sand dunes along the Truong Giang River in Quang Nam province by horizontal water collection corridor.
Collection system exploit a pilot corridor with 10 meters long for pumping test results of 300m Vday. From the pilot model shows, with this horizontal water collection corridor can be used to exploit water in thin sediment along the Truong Giang River. Exploitation of this model can be applied widely in sediments along the river and in thin lenses of fresh water in the central coast for sustainable socioeconomic development.
Ngudi phan bien: Doan Vdn Cdnh
ANH HUdNG CUA CAC YEU TO DIA HINH... (tiip theo trang 9) SUMMARY
Features of geomorphology, hydrology and oceanology in Nga Son coastal area, Hau Loc district, Thanh Hoa province
Nguyen Van Binh, Do Van Nhuan, Dang Thi Vinh, Ha Thanh Nhu, Nguyen Trung Thanh
University of Mining and Geology
Based on analyzing features of relief, geomorphy, river systems flowing into the sea and sea flows as well as the factors of, tide, wave, and wind within coastal area, the authors showed that Nga Son- Hau Loc coastal swamp area is the area with high density of seaward flows from mainland.
Along the shoreline of 20km, there are five river estuaries and twelve canal mouths heading to the sea. On the other hand, the dune system on the estuary of Day River has been quickly rising up and dex'eloping toward the southwest. As a result, the area has been covered progressively from the sea in east-northeast direction. That is reason the authors have affirmed that the depositional activity and distribution of surface sediments of Nga Son-Hau Loc coastal swamp are coltroUed mainly by mainland factors. The regular factors originated from the sea impacting to the studied area are tide, waves and secondary weak wind.
Ngudi phan bien: Nguyen Khdc Gidng
