NGHIEN CLfU-TRAO B 6 |
X A Y D U N G Md HlNH 3D MO P H O N G HINH DANG CAU T R O C CHI DUdl CO THg NU SINH VIET NAM s d DUNG C 6 N G
NGHE CHUP CAT LOP CT
ESTABLISHING 3D MODEL FOR SIMULATION OF THE LOWER LIMBS FOR VIETNAMESE FEMALE STUDENT USING TOMOGRAPHY DATA CT
Nguyin Quoc Toan''', Sinh Van Hai', Phan Thanh Thao' 'Tnrong Dai hpc Bach Khoa Ha Noi 'Truong Dai hpc Kinh ti Ky thuat Cong nghiep
TOM TAT
Bdi bdo trinh bdy kit qud nghien cuu img diing cdng nghe chup cdt lop CT vdphdn mem thiet ke 3D Solidwords dixdy dipig md hinh 3D, mo phong hinh dgng, cdu true vd Idch thuac chi duai nit sinh Viet Nam. Trong nghien cuu, chung tdi da li^a chon 12 doi tuang nU do tuoi tu 18 den 24 CO ciing mot ddng nguai (ddng thdng): thong so kich thuac ca the phu hap vai vol bo thong so Mch thuac ca the cua cdc ca so tieu chudn. Xay dung bo die lieu so hoa be mat ca the nguai bdng may quet todn thdn 3D vd dnh chup cdt lap CTphdn thdn chi duai ca the nguai, mo hinh 3D dugc xdy dung vai hai thdnh phdn chinh Id xuong vd bien dgng ngodi cda lop mo mem. Kit qua nghien cuu ldm ca sa dit lieu cho thiet ke cdc sdn phdm det may, che tgo cdc mo hinh y hoc, cdc bo phdn cdy ghep thay the xuang vd cong cuho trgphdu thugt.
Tir khoa: Mo phong 3D, chup cdt lap CT, mo hinh 3D ca thi ngudi.
ABSTRACT
This paper presents results of applied research in computerized tomography (CT) and 3D designing software - Solidworks ftir constructing 3D models that simulated shapes, structures and sizes of Vietnamese female student. In this study, we have chosen objects are 12femdle aged from 18 to 24 who have the same body shape (straight shape), the suitable body dimensions with set of parameters of standard body dimensions. Constructed the digital data of body surfaces by 3D body Scanner and images of the lower body taken by CT Scanner, the 3D models are composed of two main parts that are bones and outer layer of soft tissues. The study results help create the database for designing textile products, fabricating medical models, bone replacement or implants and surgical support tools.
Keywords; 3D simulation, computerized tomography (CT), 3D human body model
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1. DAT VAN BE
Ca thd con ngucri cd hinh d?ng, cau true vd kich thuac phuc t£ip. Vide tdi hidn lai cac dudng cong, cac khii ca hdp va cau true bdn trong cua ca thd la mot viec rdt kho khan dli vdi Iq' thuat thidt kd thdng thucmg, truyen thing. Ngay nay, nha co svr phat trien khoa hoc cdng nghe, ciing vai vide su dung cac thidt bj quet 3D,,chup X quang hien dai vd su trg giup cdc phdn mdm CAD chuyen dyng, chiing ta co thd xay dung dugfc cac bd dii Ueu sd hda 3D tai tao md hinh vat thd ndi chung va ca the ngudi noi rieng vdi dp chinh xdc cao, tidt kidm ducfc thdi gian cdng sire. Hidn nay, co hai loai md hinh 3D ca the ngudi dugc sir dung nhidu trong nghidn cuu thidt ke san pham may six dung trong y td, thd thao va chinh hinh thdm my la md hinh vd va md hmh d^c. Md hinh vd mo ta hinh dang, cau true bd mat cdn md hinh ddc chiia cac thdng tin ve cdc Ihanh phan ben hong ca thd nhu xuang, he ea, gan va md mim [4].
Vdi phuang phap xay d\mg be mat ca the nguoi tur dii Hdu dam may diem anh thu dugc tu may quet toan than 3D, sir dyng cdng nghe anh sang trang, sau do ung dimg phdn mem thiet kd ngugc Rapid Form XOR tdi tao lai nguyen hinh dang kich thudc ca the [2,5].
Uu diem phuang phap nay la md hinh 3D co tu thd phu hgp cho nghidn cuu nhan trac va thiet ke sdn pham may mac, cho dp sai sd nhd. Vdi phuang phdp tai t£io be mat tii eac dudfng vidn dugc trich xuat tu anh chup CT miit cit ngang ccr thd, phuong phap nay cho phep xay dung cau true cdc bp phdn ben trong ca thd ngudi nhu xuang, co va gan [3,4], md hinh nay dugc sii dyng nhidu trong ddo tao, nghien ciiu giai phdu nhan trdc hpc, Idm ca sd dii lieu ddu vao cho bai toan md phong tinh toan tac ddng ca hpc cua trang phuc len ca thd ngudi.
Trong pham vi bdi bdo nay, chiing tdi tap
trung nghien ciiu cau tnic anh y khoa DICOM, ling dung phan mem thiet kd 3D de tai tao md hinh cau tnic chi dudi co the nii sinh Viet Nam.
IVId hinh thu dugc dem so sanh kich thudc va bidn dang vdi md hmh xdy dyng tii dii Udn quet toan than 3D ca thd ngudi, tien hdnh danh gid uu nhugc didm ciia tiing md hinh, tii do dd xuat ra phuang phap xay dyng md hinh kdt hgp tii dir Ueu chyp cdt ldp CT vd dir lidu quet toan thdn 3D.
2. PHlTOfNG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1. Thu th§p bo dv lifu sl hoa ctf thi ngirdi tur may quet toan than 3D va tir Snh chup cat Idp CT
Nghien cixu da tidn hanh khdo sdt nhdn trac theo phuong phdp truyen thing 150 nii smh cua Trudng Dai hpc Bach khoa Ha Ndi vd Trudng Dai hpc Kinh tl Ky thudt Cdng nghidp cd dp tuli ttr 18 ddn 24, cd chi sd BMI tir 18,5 din 24. Budc ddu chiing tdi lua chpn 30 nii smh cd thong sd kich thudc ca ban phu hpp vdi cd I58B(86-90) theo tieu c h u ^ TCVN 5782-2009 [1], Sau dd xdc dinh cd mdu theo cdng thiic sau:
n=—^ (I) e
Dua trdn ca sd cdng thiic xac dinh ca mdu (1), vdi miic xdc xuat thudng dugc su dung trong nghidn ciiu nhan trdc Idy p = 95%;
dp sai sd chuan t = 2,58; sai sd cua tap hpp e = 0,5; dp lech chudn vdng mdng s = 0,65, chiing tdi da chpn dugc 12 ngudi mlu.
Su dyng may quet todn than 3D body Scaner NX 16 cua hang [TC]^ vd may chyp cat Idp vi tinh CT hang SIEMENS, dl thu thap bd dii lieu sd hda hinh dang, cdu trie vd kich thudc ca thi ngudi.
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Dua trdn dii lieu quet 3D thu dugc chiing tdi tidn hdnh phan dch chi tidt tu the khi diing trong mdy quet cua timg ddi tugng. Vi du nhu vi tri hM ban chdn, gdc md giiia hai ma trong cua dui dd lam ca sd cho tu thd khi nam trong may chyp cat Idp CT. Cdc ddi tugng trong nghien cuu dugc t^p huan cac ydu cau ky thuat trudc va trong khi chup, ket qua chiing tdi da thu dugc b0 sd lieu dnh chup cat ldp CT vdi hai dinh dang File JPG va DICOM phdn than dudi cua ca t h i tu ngang eo trd xudng. Hinh I, mo ta anh chup cat ldp phan thdn dudi cua ca thd cua ddi tugng trong nghidn ciiu vdi 221 lat cdt song song, chidu day ldp cat 5 mm. S l lugng cdc dnh nay phu thudc vao chilu cao eo, chieu ddy ldp cat, dp ro theo timg vi tri chup.
Hinh I. Anh chup mat cat ngang sd 120/221
M i y CT- SciD clmp hinb Cff t b i ngndi
^>
C b n y o i i ^ liai Scan sang fOe i n h ffinb d^ng J P E G
O
X3y dcpng mS binh 3D dinli djng STL
O
Chnyoi flie STL s a i ^ cac dinii dang Idiic
2.2. Xay dumg md h m h cin t r u e 3D tur d&
lieu c h y p cat ldp C T
Qud trinh dugc thuc hidn vdi su trg giiip cua phdn mdm thilt kd 3D Solidwords 2014, day Id phan mem dugc d n g dyng rpng rai trong ITnh virc ca khi, che tao mdy vd md phdng tinh toan, hidn dang dugc dung phd b i l n d Viet Nam. Hinh 2, md td s a do khdi qua trinh tai tao md hinh cau tnic 3D c a the ngudi tur cdc dnh chyp cat Idp CT.
(a) \ (b) Hinh 3. Sap xep cdc Idt cdt song song di tgo
thdnh khdi die lieu.
Hinh 2. Sa do khdi qua trinh tdi tgo md hinh cdu true 3D ca the ngudi.
Hinh 4. Trich biin dgng vd hieu chinh.dudng dudng cong bien dgng tie cdc nut diiu khiin Budc 1: Tao he tpa dp trong khdng gian 3 chilu, sau dd gdn File anh theo kich thudc thuc cua d l i tugng vao m Jt phdng chilu diing va chidu canh nhu trong hinh 3 a.
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Budc 2: s i p x i p du heu, dii lieu ddu vdo la anh chup eac Idt cdt song song, sap xep cac du lieu hai chilu nay theo dung thii ttr cua chung ttong khdng gian 3 chilu Ihdnh k h i i du lieu nhu trong hinh 3b. Khoang each giiia cac lat cat thdng thudng gidng vdi khodng each giiia chiing ttong thuc t l .
Budc 3: Tai tao be miit tu cac dudng viln (de tao bd mat can hai budc trich bien va tai tao be mat).
Hinh 6. (a) Md hinh ludi bi mgt; (b) Md hinh cdu true xuong dUi; (c) Mo hinhphdn did ca the.
Trich bidn: Dua vdo cac didm anh (pixel) vd su dyng dudng cong S-pline trong cdng cy ciia'phdn mdm. Cdc didm niit kiem soat dugc xdc dinh t?i cac vi tri diem anh tten dudng bidn dang mat cat, dua vao cdc vectg bidu thi dp cong ta dieu chinh dudng cong bidn dang cho tron ddu.
Budc 4: Chuyen ddi file 3D tur dinh dang STL sang cac dinh d ^ g khdc phii hgp \m cac p h ^ m i m CAD chuyen ngdnh nhu Abaqus, Ansys, Auto-Cad, Pro-Engineer.,.
2.3. Tai t^o be m^t l u ^ cff thd tir du* li^u quet 3D
Tai tao bd mat: Sau khi da xdc dinh dugc cac dudng bien ta xay dyng be mat tu cdc dudng nay bang each su dung chiic nang (boundary boss^ase) cua phdn mdm Solid- works nhu ttong hinh 5. Ket qua thu dupe md Unh cdu true phan dui cua ddi tugng ttong nghien ciiu, gdm xuang vd ldp md mdm dugc mmh hoa d hinh 6c.
dSir^
Hinh 5. Qud trinh tgo bi mat tu cdc dudng vien
Ke thiia ket qua ciia tac gia va nhom nghien ciiu da dugc thirc hidn trade day [2], tii dii Ueu dam may didm dnh thu dugc tu qua trinh quet 3D, chuydn ddi sang dii lieu ludi tam giac. Bd mat sau do dugc Idm min hoa dua ttdn thuat todn Loop [5], so sdnh vdi b l mat ban dau. Sai sd bd mat dugc xdc dinh bang cdch do khoang ttdng giiia hai b l mat. Tir k i t qua ddnh gid, hieu chinh lai be mat ludi min hoa de giam sai sd. Hinh 7, trinh bay md hinh 3D chi dudi ciia ddi tugng frong nghien cuu.
Hinh 7. Md hinh 3D chi du&i ca the nU sinh dugc tdi tgo tir da lieu quet 3D vd phdn mim Rapid Form. '^
r'
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2.4. So sanh kich thirdc va bidn dang cua md hinh tdi tao cau true tu dir lieu chup cat ldp CT vdi md hinh 3D xSy dung tu dfr lifu quet 3D ctf thi ngudi
Dd ddnh gid sai sd kich thudc vd so sanh dudng cong bidn dang mat cat ngang tai 3 vi tri nhu ttong hinh 8 cua hai md hmh 3D, nghien cuu su dyng cdng cy lap rap cac chi tidt ttong mdi traong (Assembly) cua phan mem SoUdwords. Tien hdnh dua hai md hinh 3D cdn so sdnh ve cung hd tpa dp tham chidu, cd gdc nghieng nhu nhau, kdt qua so sdnh dudng cong bien dang dugc thd hien ttong hinh 8 va 9.
Hinh 8. Vi tri so sdnh Idch thu&c vd Men dgng giiia hai md hinh 3D dugc tdi tgo tie die lieu chup
cdt lap vd quit 3D cua ciing mdt ddi tugng
^2!5:* >mt«^
I VMJI MJt If'^ A
Mftsia Mft cit 3-3
Trong do: 1 - Ld mat cdt ngang ttdn md hinh tai tao hi anh chup cdt Idp CT; 2 - 1 ^ mat cdt ngang ttdn md binh 3D xay tii dii lieu quet 3D CO the ngudi.
Quan sat mat cdt ngang tai 3 vi tri cho ta thay toi mat cdt ngang (1-1) cd dudng cong bidn dang khac nhau nhidu nhat, chidu cao mat cat ngang vdng 1 nhd hon vong 2, xong chidu ngang lai Idn han, cdn tai vi tri mat cdt ngang (2-2) va (3-3) dudng cong bidn dang cd su khac nhau nhd ban. Chu vi dudng cong bidn d£mg do d 3 vi tri mat cdt ngang giira hai md hinh 3D phan diii cua 12 ddi tugng ttong nghidn ciiu da dugc tdng hgp va so sanh cho ket qua sai sd trung binh ttong khodng tii 5 din 9 mm, md hinh 3D xdy dung tii d i r j ^ C ' quet 3D ca thd ngudi thdng thudng cho kinh thudc Idn han md hinh tdi tao tii dii lieu chyp edt ldp CT.
2.5. Xay dmig mo hinh kit hop Qua nghien cihi chiing toi nhdn thay rang, cac md hinh 3D iing dung ttong thilt kd sdn phdm nganh may va khdo sdt nhdn ttac hpc thdng thudng d ttang thdi ddng, vi dy nhu tu thd diing ttong may quet 3D ciia hang [TC]2, mo hinh ma-na-canh ao su dyng ttong thidt kd va thu sua san phdm may cua cdc phan mem chuyen nganh may nhu Opi- tex, Lectra 3D, Accumark V-Stitcher...Dl ndng cao tinh ung dyng ttong nghidn ciiu va phat trien cdc san pham may mac cua md hinh cau tnic 3D dugc xay dyng td bd dii lidu chyp cat ldp CT ttong tu ihl nam ngang (tu thi cl dinh khi chup cat Idp CT), nhdm nghidn ciiu dl xudt xdy dyng md hinh kit hop theo sa dd hinh 10.
Hinh 9. So sdnh 3 mat cdt ngang cua hai mo hinh 3D
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Dir Hen quet 3 D ctfthei^iriri ffiah d a a g flie (obj, wri)
TT
X a y d n ^ mfi femk 3 D b e mat ctf a § B^iQif Chny ^ flie d v tieo m o hinh
s:
3 D s a i ^ ffle cBnh dang I G S
O
- N h a p d n B o i v a o p h i n m ^ - Ghqp x m n ^ v a o m S Idah 3 D
Hinh 10. Sa dd khdi qud trinh xay dung md hinh 3D kit hop
Qua trinh ghep xuong vdo md hinh 3D dugc thyc hidn niid cdc cdng eu ciia phdn mem SolidWords 2014, qua trinh nay dugc chung tdi trinh bdy qua cac budc nhu ttong hinh I I , 12, 13a, k i t qua ldp ghdp md hmh 3D hodn thidn dugc minh hpa tten hinh 13b.
Budc 1: Chum bi ddi tugng trade khi ghep (hinh 11).
f \
Hinh 12. Diiu chinh md chi du&ive eiing tga do vd gdc nghieng cua xuang Budc 2: Ehra chan md hinh chan vao mdi tradng ldp gjiep, sau do dua md hinh chdn va xuong vd ciing he tpa dp tham chilu, dilu chinh hai md hinh cung gdc^ighidng (hinh 12).
Budc 3: Didu chinh xuong theo cdc m^t phang diam chidu, dugc minh hpa trong hinh 13.
3. K E T QUA VA BAN L U ^
3.1. K i t q u a xay d v n g md hinh can t r u e 3D tir dir lidu chup cat ldp C T
Bp dii lieu anh chyp cdt Idp C T cua 12 doi tugng ttong ngliien ciiu vdi hai dinh dang File JPG vd DICOM phdn than dudi cua ca the tu ngang eo ttd xudng. Sd lugng cac anh nay phu thudc vdo chidu cao vdng eo va chidu day Idp cdt. Vdi chieu day ldp cat 5 mm cho ta trung binh 210 den 230 dnh. Mo hmh 3D chi dudi thu dugc tii qua trinh tdi tao tu dnh 2D cua 12 ddi tugng gdm hai phdn, xuong vd Idp md mdm. Tai vi tri ca the cd cdu tnic phdc tap nhu phan ddu gdi, ttong qud trinh tai tao ta cdn tang sd lugng dnh ciia mat cat ngang dd dam bao dp rd vd dp chinh xac ciia md hinh.
Hinh 11. Md hinh xuang vd chdn
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3.2. K i t q u a tai tao b e m a t md hinh tir dir lidu qudt 3D
Sau khi tiln hanh quet 3D 12 m l u da lua chpn ttong nghidn ciiu, cdc thdng s l kich thudc ca thd ngudi dugc ttich xudt vdi 185 s l do.
Ung dyng cac thudt toan ttong cdng cy p h l n mdm Rapid fi-om X 0 R 3 d l md phdng lai hmh dang, kich thudc. K i t qud kidm tta dp chinh xdc cua 12 md hinh 3D md phdng hmh dang, kich thudc chi dudi nu smh vdi hai ndi dung:
Sai sd kich thudc (3 kich thudc vdng cd chan, vdng b i p chdn, vdng dui) va sai sd bd mat cua 12 md hJTih 3D tdi t^o so vdi man quet ca sd, ngudi thyc eho thiy sai s l ve kieh thudc dat dudi 1% vd sai s l bd m^t tii -0,25 d i n +0,25 mm. Cac sai s l ndy hodn toan phu hgp vdi nhung cdng trinh da cdng bo tmdc day.
3.3. Md hinh k i t hgp
Nghidn cdu da xdy dung thdnh cdng md hinh 3D md phdng hinh dang, cau ttiio kich thudc ca thd ngudi td dir lidu quet 3D vd dnh chup cdt ldp CT (md hinh k i t hgp) nhu hinh 14. Trdn co sd so sdnh kich thudc vd bien dang cua 12 md hinh chi dudi tai tao cdu tnic tii dii lieu chup cat ldp CT vdi md hinh 3D xay dung tu dii lieu quet todn thdn 3D ca thd ngudi, ta nhdn thay chiing cd sai s l nhd v l Mch thudc vd khdc nhau vd dudng cong bidn dang. Nguyen nhdn chinh din d i n sai s l nay la do qua ttinh thu thdp dii lieu sd hoa 3D cdu tnic, bd mat c a thd ngudi cd su khdc nhau, tu thd d l i tugng khi chup cat Idp CT d ttang thdi nam, d tu t h i nay mdt phdn ca thd hi biln dang dudi tdc ddng ttpng lupng ca the nhu vai, mdng, dui tten.
Mdt yeu td nua anh hudng d i n kich thudc ca the d tu thd nam Id do cdc he ca, xuang khdp d ttang thdi nghi, khdng phai nang da ttpng lugng ea thi.
Hinh 13. Biiu chinh dd an khap cda xuang theo mat phdng tham chieu
Hinh 14. Kit qud ghep xuong vdo md hinh 3D xdy difltg tit da lieu quit 3D ca the ngu&i
4. K E T L U ^
Tron^nghidn ciiru nay, chiing tdi da iing dyng cdng nghe quet 3D c a the ngudi vd chup cat ldp CT dd xdy dung bd sd Heu sd hda hinh dang, cdu tnic va kich thudc ca thd ngudi. Sit dyng cdc phdn mem CAD chuyen nganh nhu Rapid Form X 0 R 3 , SolidWords de xdy dyng md hinh 3D md phdng hinh dang va can ttiic phdn chi dudi ca the ngudi, phan rich, so sdnh, danh gid kich thudc vd bidn dang hai md hinh.
Thiet lap dupe phuang phdp xay dung md hinh k i t hgp tii dii lieu quet 3D c a t h i ngudi va chyp cat ldp CT. Md hinh kdt hop tdn dung dugc nhiing uu diem cua tung phuang phap ma cdc cdng trinh nghien ciiu trade day chua de cap den.
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NGHIEN CO'U - TRAO B6\
Md hinh kit hpp phii hgp vdi td thi vl nghidn cuu nhdn ttac, thilt kl san phdm may 'mac, ling dyng thilt kl cac sdn phdm mac bd sdt lay ca thi ngudi nhu qudn tit, tdt dilu tri gian ffiih mach, gen chinh hinh thdm my...
rva Idm ca sd dii lieu dau vao cho bai toan md iq)hdng tmh toan tdc d0ng ca hoc ciia vai len cdc
bd phan ca the ngudi ttong qud trinh mac.
Ung dung cdng nghe tai t^o md hinh cau tnic 3D tii dii lieu chyp cdt ldp CT dl chi tao cdc md hinh y hpc, cdc bd phdn cay ghep thay the ben ttong ca the con ngudi, sir dyng ttong ngdnh co y sinh de nghidn ciiu anh hudng cua cdc lyc len xuang, khdp, ca, day chdng, syn...
ttong ca tiie ngudi. • Ngdy nhdn bai: 08/01/2017 Ngay phdn Men: 10/02/2017
Tai lieu tham khao:
[1]. Tieu chu&i Viet Nam TCVN 5782 - 2009.
[2]. Nguyin Quic Toan, Phan Duy Nam, Phan Thanh Thao; Xdy dung mo hinh 3D mo phong hinh dgng, cdu triic vd kich thic&c ca the hoc sinh nam tiiu hgc. Tap chi Khoa hgc & Cong nghe cac tniong Dai hoc Ky thu^t, sl 91 (2012), trang 109-115.
[3]. Biii Anh Quic, D§ng Van Nghin, Le TSm Phuoc, Trin Dai Nguygn, Huynh Him Nghi, Vo Van Nho, Le Diln Nhi, Nguyin Ngpc Thien; l/ng dung cdng nghi tgo mau nhanh tgo chi tiit cay ghep so nao. Tap chi Phat triln Khoa hgc va C6ng nghe, s6 12 (2008), trang 45-52.
[4]. Rong Liu, Yi-Lin Kwok, ^ Li, Terence-T Lao, Xi Xiao Qun Dai and Xin Zhang, Numerical Simulation of Intemal Stress Profiles and Three-dimensional Deformations of Lower Extremity Beneath Medical
Graduated Compression Stocking (GCS), Fibers and Polymers, Vol.8, No.3, (2007), pp 302-308.
[5]. Kim, Soyoung, et al, 3D pattern development of tight -fitting dress for an asymmetrical female manikin.
Fibers and Polymers 11. 1(2010), pp 142-146.
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