NGHIEN Ctru VA DANH GIA KHA NANG KHAI THAC GASLIFT

l u y g n tap bao cao HQi nghi KHCN "30 nSm Dau khi Viet Nam: Co' hdi mdi, thach thuc mdi" 999

N G H I E N C t r u VA D A N H GIA K H A N A N G K H A I T H A C G A S L I F T , M O R U B Y

Nguyen Manh Tri, Nguyen Thanh Diing Cong ty Thdm do - Khai thde Ddu khi

TOM TAT

Md Ruby dugc dua vdo khai thac tir ndm 1998 vd dugc ddnh gid la md cd sdn lugng "trung binh ". Trong 6 ndm khai thac, md khai thde bdng ndng lugng tu nhiin vd hdu hit cdc giing khai thac diu suy gidm dp sudt ddu giing, hdm lugng nu&c tdng nhanh. Trong bdi viit ndy, cdc tdc gid trinh bdy phuong phdp ludn, qud trinh nghiin ciru vd kit qud viee dp dung khai thac gaslift tgi md Ruby.

L d l NOI DAU

Mo Ruby do nha thau Petronas Carigali Viet Nam dieu hanh va dua va khai thac ngay 22-10-1998 vdi mot gian dau gieng RBDP-A. Din diu nam 2001, tai gian Ruby-A da cd tat ca 13 gieng khai thac (co 6 gieng hoan thien dang twin), cd 6 gieng khai thac tir tang mong va Obigocen va 13 gieng khai thac tir tang Miocen. Ty le dau khai thac mong dat 14% so vdi tdng san lugng khai thac cua mo.

San lugng khai thac dat muc cao nhat vdi luu lugng 29.000 thiing/ngay va ham lugng nude 3,4% vao thang 8-2004. Cho den thang 11-2005, san lugng suy giam con 9.000 thiing/ngay vdi ham lugng nude trung binh 30%. Ap suat dau gieng suy giam tir 500 - 1200psi vao thdi gian dau khai thac nay chi dat 200 - 240psi.

Vdi nhung thuc te kho khan neu tren, viec ap dung cac phuong phap khai thac thu cap la mgt yeu cau cap bach de duy tri khai thac mo.

CAC FHU^CnVG AN NGHIEN CUU

PVEP va PC(V) da ph6i hgp cimg nghien cim tinh kha thi tren ca sd tim hieu kinh nghiem khai thac thu cap tir XNLD Vietsovpetro va da ket luan rang, vdi dieu kien ky thuat cua thiet bi long gieng, dieu kien dia chat, chi cd khai thac gaslift la c6 tinh kha thi ve ky thuat.

Ca sd danh gia dugc trinh bay trong Bang 1.

1000 Nghign cuu va danh gia kha nSng khai thac Gaslift, md Rujjy^

Bang 1: Yeu cau

Tieu chi ky thudt Ap suit bom ep cao > 1200 psi Thdi gian cung cap thiet bi trong 6 thang

Yeu cau gian khoan Kha nang dieu khien tir xa

Kha nang chiu tai ciia gian RBDP-A

Tan suat hoat dong > 90%

Kha nang van hanh

Kha nang cung cap dien nang Yeu cau hoan cai tren gian Nguon nang lugng

Gidi han so gieng Tinh kha thi ve ky thuat

ky thuat voi cac phuong an khae nhau Gaslift tir

FPSO

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Khong Co C6 C6 C6 Co

7

J Gas

Co gidi ban

Jet Pump Co

Dam bao Khong C6 Co Co C6 300 KW 7

Dien Khong Co

Gaslift nhd tgi RBDP-A C6

Dam bao Khong Co Co Co Co Co Co Gas

Co gidi ban Co

Bom dien chim Co Khong Can gian Co

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Co Dien

? Dien

Co gidi han Vdi cac phuong an dugc phan tich nhu tren cho thay chi co 2 phuang an mang tinh kha thi. Tuy vay, vdi phuong an sir dung Jet Pump vdi yeu cau bd sung 300KW dien doi hoi phai b6 sung may phat dien va yeu cau nguon dien lien tuc, trai vdi nguyen ly boat dong ciia gian dau gieng vdi ngu6n dien hoat dong chu ky, chii yeu de nap ac quy va trong trudng hgp yeu cau khae. Vi vay, viec nghien cim da tap trung vao kha nang sir dung gaslift quy m6 nho.

CO SO NGHIEN ClTU VE DIA CHAT KHAI THAC 1. Phuong phap nghien ciiu bang mo hinh

De danh gia kha nang khai thac bang gaslift cho mo, cin tiln hanh phan tich, chay phan mem WellFlow va Pipesime tir viec nghien cim va danh gia hieu qua cua ap dung gaslift cho cac gieng khai thac ting Miocen.

De phan tich cac chi s6 khai thac ciia gilng, sir dung phin mim WellFlow cho viec xay dung dudng bieu dien m6i quan he dong vao va ra. Qua trinh xay dung dugc hieu chinh nhieu ian de so sanh s6 lieu tinh toan va thuc tl, dam bao m6 hinh dii do tin cay.

Tren co sd dudng bieu dien m6i quan he vao/ra da dugc xaydimg, xac dinh ap suit day gieng va ap suat via, he so skin.

Sau khi co ket qua tir WellFlow, sir dung cac th6ng s6 ap suat day gilng va ap suit via ciing vdi cac th6ng s6 ky thuat ciia gieng de xay dung m6 hinh cho timg gilng vdi phan mem Pipesim. Mo hinh dugc lap lai lich sir de kiem chung m6 hinh.

Mo hinh gieng tren ca sd Pipesim de xac dinh luu lugng chat luu khai thac vdi luu lugng khi gaslift khae nhau va ap suit tii uu cho gaslift. Chiing ta ciing co the xac dinh chilu sau dat van gaslift t6i uu, tuy vay mo Ruby khi hoan thien, ngudi ta da hoan thien vdi cac mandrel trong thilt bi long gilng, vi vay viec tinh toan chieu sau dat van la kh6ng cin thilt.

Juygn tap bao cao Hdi nghi KHCN "30 nam Phu khi Viet Nam: Co' hdi mdi, thach thuc mdi" 1001

2. Phan tich di8u kien khai thac ty nhien

Dl phan tich anh hudng ciia ham lugng nude khai thac cho cac gilng, sir dung phin mem Pipesim dk phan tich dilm nut vdi nhieu gia tri ham lugng nude khai thae. Vi ket qua tinh toan cho timg gilng tuong d6i nhieu, do do tac gia chi neu ket qua tinh toan tieu bieu ciia mot gilng mang tinh tham khao. Dudi day la ket qua chay cho gieng RB-IP.

a. Giing RB-IP

Tir Hinh 1 * cho thay d dieu kien khai thac tu phun vdi ap suat via hien nay (1950psi) gieng se kh6ng cho dong khi ham lugng nude khai thac khoang 40%. Ham lugng nude hien la 7,6% va se tang theo thdi gian, ap suat via giam dan do qua trinh khai thac, khi do dieu kien khai thac tu phun ciia gieng cang kho khan. Khi ap suit via giam xulng 1 SOOpsi gieng kh6ng the tiep tuc khai thac vdi ham lugng nude cao hon 20%.

Sir dung phan mem Pipesim de xac dinh do sau tii da co thi nen gaslift cho gilng RB-IP tir cac dtr lieu nhu sau:

Ap suat bam nen: 1200psi Ty trgng khi: 0,65sg Ap suat dau gieng: 280psi

Ap suat via: 1950psi Ty s l khi diu (GOR): 407ftVngay

Ham lugng nude (We): 7,6%

Ket qua chay Pipesim cho thay do sau t6i da thang dung co the bom khi xu6ng gieng la 1432m (4700ft). Vay vdi dieu kien khai thac va bom nhu tren, hoan toan co the ap dung gaslift cho gieng RB-IP.

b. Xdc dinh Iwu lugng khi bom ep toi wu

Vdi dieu kien bom ep va khai thac nhu tren, Pipesim cho ket qua phan tich luu lugng khi bam ep t6i uu theo cac gia tri ham lugng nude khae nhau nhu trong Hinh 3 ^ 5. Tir Hinh 3-^5 thay rang luu lugng khi bam ep t6i uu cho gieng trong pham vi tir 0,5 trieu ft^/ngay den 1 trieu ftVngay. Khi lugng khi bom ep ldn hon 1 trieu ftVngay, luu lugng khai thac cd khuynh hudng giam dan vdi tat ca cac gia tri khae nhau cua ham lugng nude khai thac.

Bang 2 Hdm

lugng nu&c,

%

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Lim lugng chdt ldng (th/ng) - luu lugng khi nin 0,5

mmscf/ng 2080 2060 2020 1980 1930 1880 1700

Luu lugng chdt ldng (th/ng) - luu lugng khi nen 1,0

mmscf/ng 2050 2060 2030 2000 1960 1920 1870

Luu lugng chdt long (th/ng) - lim

lugng khi nen 1,5 mmscf/ng

2020 2000 1980 1960 1940 1900 1860

Lim lirgng chdt ldng (th/ng) - luu lugng khi nin 2,0

MMscf/ng 1950 1940 1920 1880 1650 1580 1510

* Xem cac hinh ve d cu6i bao cao nay

1002 Nghien cu'u va danh gia kha nang khai thac Gaslift, md Ruby^

c. Phan tich khd ndng gia tdng Iwu Iwgng bdng khai thde gaslift

Sau khi xac dinh dieu kien bom ep ciing nhu luu lugng khi bom ep t6i uu, tien hanh tinh toan kha nang khai thac gaslift ciia gieng ung vdi cac luu lugng khi bam ep 0,5 trieu ft^/ngay, 1,0 trieu ftVngay va 2 trieu ftVngay va ham lugng nude khai thac thay d6i tir 0%

din 60%. Tir cac kit qua cho trong Hinh 3 - 5 cho thiy khi ap dung khai thac gaslift cho gilng, kha nang nang diu cai thien dang ke so vdi trudng hgp khai thac tu phun. Ngoai ket qua tang san lugng khai thac, gilng con co kha nang khai thac khi ham lugng nude tren 60%. Trong khi d dilu kien khai thac tu phun, ap suit via 1950psi, gilng kh6ng the khai thac khi ham lugng nude dat 40%. Dac biet khi ap suit via giam xudng gia tri 1800psi, d dilu kien tu phun gilng kh6ng thi khai thac khi ham lugng nude ldn hon 20%. 6 dieu kien gaslift vdi 60% hoae ldn hon ciia ham lugng nude khai thac, gieng vin co kha nang cho dong. Dudi day la bang so sanh luu lugng diu dilu kien khai thac tu phun va gaslift d hai gia tri ap suit via 1900psi va 1800psi.

Bang 3

Ap sudt via

1900 psi

1800 psi

Hdm lugng nu&c,

%

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0

10 20 30 40 50 60

Luu lugng chdt ldng (th/ng) -

khai thde tu phun

250 330 720 0 0 0

330 720 0 0 0 0

Luu lugng chdt ldng (th/ng) - luu lugng khi nen 0,5 MMscfng

1830 1800 1700 1620 1520 1400 1350 1700 1630 1550 1470 1380 1270 1200

Luu lugng chdt ldng (th/ng) - luu lugng khi

nin 1,0 MMscf/ng

1850 1800 1770 1670 1630 1570 1500 1720 1670 1620 1540 1480 1440 1380

Luu lugng chdt ldng (th/ng) - luu lugng khi nen 2,0 MMscf/ng

1720 1670 1650 1620 1540 1520 1480 1580 1560 1530 1480 1440 1420 1370

Vdi dieu kien bam ep va khai thac nhu tren, Pipesim cho ket qua phan tich luu lugng khi bam ep t6i uu theo cac gia tri ham lugng nude khae nhau. Khi nen vdi luu lugng kbac nhau trong pham vi tir 0,5 trieu ft^/ngay - 1 trieu ft^/ngay va ldn hon 1 trieu ftVngay, kit qua thu dugc nhu sau: hau het cac gilng diu cho luu lugng dau t6t nhat trong pham vi luu lugng khi bom ep tir 0,5 - 1 trieu ft^/ngay, khi bom ep ldn ban 1 trieu ft-'/ngay, luu lugng khai thac CO khuynh hudng giam din vdi tit ca cac gia tri khae nhau ciia ham lugng nude khai thac.

I^ygn^tap bao cao HQi nghj KHCN "30 n2m Dau khi Viet Nam: Co' hQi mdi, thach thuc mdi"

d. Tong hgp cho cdc giing dp dung gaslift

Bang 4: Kit qua khai thac bang gaslift

1003

Ten gieng

IP 2P 3PS

5P 6PS

7P 8P 9P IIP 12PS 13PS Tong

Sdn lugng khai thde, thiing/ngdy Khai thde tuphun

1300 250 1750

600 1450

750 1200

220 1300 1200 1000 11.020

Ap dung gaslift 1800

900 2020

1340 1750 1030 1300 540 1600 1400 1280 14.960

Luu lugng khi nen, trieu ft /ngdy 0,5

0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 1,0 0,5 6,0 CO S 6 NGHIEN ClTU VE THIET BI - KET CAU

r r

1. Thiet bj long gieng

Tat ca cac gieng gian RBDP-A deu dugc hoan thien vdi 6ng khai thac khai thac dudng kinh 2 % inch bd thiet bi long gieng hien nay cd bao gdm 4 side pocket mandrel de lap cac van gaslift. Cac side pocket mandrel nay dugc dat d cac do sau tinh theo than gieng nhu sau:

Side pocket mandrel s6 1: khoang 800m-RKB Side pocket mandrel s6 2: khoang 1400m-RKB Side pocket mandrel so 3: khoang 1800m-RKB Side pocket mandrel so 4: khoang 2000m-RKB

Cac van gaslift se dugc lap dat vao side pocket mandrel bang thiet bi cap tdi kh6ng cin cd gian khoan, chi phi lap dat giam dang ke so vdi viec ap dung bam chim.

2. Thiet bi be mat a. Thiit bi sdn co

Gian RBDP-A co kich thudc nho, he thing cdng nghe dan gian vdi cac thilt bi chinh nhu sau:

ManiftDld

1004 Nghign cuu va danh gia kha n3ng khai thac Gaslift, mdJjAiby^

- Binh tach thir Launcher

- He thing dilu khiln thilt bi/ dilu khiln gilng/dilu khien tir xa (ICP/WHCP/RTU)

- Khi dilu khiln liy tir khi dong hanh.

Dien tich san han cbl, chi c6 chd du phdng cho manifold bam ep va gaslift vi vay viec lip dat thilt bi bd sung ddi hdi phai md rgng san va tinh toan cac thdng sd bd sung nhu sau:

Sire bin va tinh toan do moi cua san va chan de - Tinh toan vl HAZOP ciia gian

b. Thiet bi bd sung cho hi thdng Gaslift

- Lip dat may nen khi piston 02 cap va cac thiet bi phu trg Md rong san

Binh tach, dudng 6ng va manift)ld gaslift

- Lip dat, hoan cai va nang cap he th6ng dien, dieu khien 3. Dac tinh ky thuat

He th6ng thiet bi gaslift co cac chi s6 ky thuat nhu sau:

Binh tach co ap suat lam viec 220psi va c6ng suat 9mmscf/ngay

He th6ng may nen dang piston g6m 2 cap, cap 1 nen tir 220psi den 490psi, cap 2 nen tir 490psi den 1200psi. C6ng suat 6mmscf/ ngay

He th6ng manift^ld

SO SANH GIUA KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU VA KET QUA THlTC TE

Thang 12-2004, he th6ng gaslift mo Ruby da dugc dua vao boat dong va cho den nay da c6 4 gieng dugc ap dung gaslift. Do lugng khi d6ng hanh hien chi khoang 7 - 8 trieu fV'l ngay ma can duy tri lugng khi d6ng hanh dam bao ap suit van chuyen dau trong dudng 6ng va sir dung lam khi nhien lieu vi vay lugng khi de sir dung cho gaslift chi dii cho 4 gieng. Ket qua nhu sau:

Bang 5: Ket qua khai thac ciia cac gieng ap dung gaslift

Gieng

RB-IP**

RB-2P**

RB-5P**

RB-7P**

Tong:

Dau khai thac, bbls/d

Thdng 10/2004

1202 115 1005 1000 3.322

Thdng 2/2005

1320 222 1868 1325 4.735

BS&W, %

Thdng 10/2004

12,90 53.00 1,20 8,00

-

Thdng 2/2005

14,00 68,00 1,00 17,70

-

Juygn tap bao cao Hdi nghj KHCN "30 nam Phu khi Viet Nam: Co hdi mdi, thach thuc mdi" 1005

Nhu vay, so vdi tinh toan ly thuyit, ting luu lugng sau khi ap dung gaslift la 5,070 thiing/ngay, thuc tl dat 4,735 thimg/ngay dat 93,4% so vdi tinh toan.

Din thang 11-2005, khi gian RBDP-B dugc dua vao khai thac, hy vong lugng khi ding hanh se dam bao dii dl ap dung gaslift cho cae gieng nhu ke hoach va co kha nang tang he s l thu hii cho cac gilng tai gian RBDP-A.

DANH GIA KINH TE

T6ng chi phi cho c6ng tac lap dat he th6ng gaslift nhu sau:

Chi phi cho he th6ng may nen va cac thiet bi kem theo = 8.500.000USD Chi phi cho viec lap dat cac van gaslift = 50.000USD

- Chi phi van hanh = 0,05 trieu USD/nam - Ting chi phi diu tu = 8.550.000USD

Lugng dau thu h6i nhd ap dung gaslift (tinh eho 4 gilng) = 1400 thiing/ngay Nhu vay, vdi lugng dau thu h6i b6 sung nhd ap dung gaslift tinh cho 1 nam se dat khoang 400.000 thimg, vdi gia dau khoang 25USD/thung thi lugng thu h i i se dat lO.OOO.OOOUSD. Nhu vay, theo danh gia day se la mot du an diu tu thanh cong.

Tuy vay, neu dua dugc gian RBDP-B vao khai thac, tang san lugng khi d6ng hanh len dung cong suat thiet ke 6mmscf/ngay thi kha nang co the tang san lugng theo tinh toan ly thuyit la 3900 - 4000 thiing/ngay.

KET LUAN

Viec ap dung phuang phap khai thac gaslift nho la mot thanh c6ng trong qua trinh tim tdi cac bien phap duy tri san lugng, nhat la d6i vdi cae m6 nho, thiet hi xir ly han che.

Sd dl CO the dat ket qua kha quan vdi chi phi nho la nhd khi hoan thien gieng tir thdi gian dau da tinh den phuang an gaslift, chi phi bo sung cho mandrel lap san kh6ng nhieu, khi ap dung gaslift chi can tien hanh lam cap tdi la co the lap dat thanh c6ng van gaslift, tranh viec huy dong gian khoan de hoan thien lai se lam tang chi phi va riii ro.

Day ciang la kinh nghiem cho c6ng tac phat trien va khai thac mo, nhat la d6i vdi cac mo "nhd'.

1006 Nghign cuu va danh gia kha nang khai thac Gaslift, md Ruby

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