OANG OINH HANH - Nghien cim mdt sd ddc dii'm ngogi hinh. khd ndng sinh tricdng. .
NGHIEN CUU MOT SO DAC DIEM NGOAI HINH, KHA NANG SINH TRUONG, SINH SAN VA CHAT LUONG THIT CUA N G U A BACH TAI TRUNG
TAM NGHIEN CUU VA PT C H A N NUOI MIEN NUI Dang Dinh Hanh', Nguyen Due Chuyen', Vd Van Su^, Vu Van Ty', ' ' '" Nguyen Dire Cdc', Nguyen H&u Tra', Nguyen Thi Tuyet'
'Trung tam Nghien Ciiu va Phdt Trien Chan Nudi Mien Niii
^Bd mdn Ddng Vat Quy Hid'm & Da Dang Sinh Hgc
Tac gia de lien he: KS. Dang Dinh Hanh, Giam ddc Trung tam Nghien Cdu & PT Chan Nu6i Mien Nui DT; (0280) 862 378/0913286737: Fax: (0280) 861 167
. . . .= ABSTRACT
Appearance and productivity of White Horses reared at Livestock Research and Development Centre for Mountainous Areas
It was observed that color of skin, hair and eyes, noses, arse-hole, genitals of White Horse are white or pinky white. All physiological and bio-physiological characters were in a normal range. The body size was small and the weight of new-bom horse was 20.3 kg and mature weight was 182.6 kg. The average daily weight gain from new-bom to 36 months of age was 140.92g. The age of puberty was early, the first mating was 20.5 months. The first farrowing was 35.5 months.
Key words: White horse: body weight, puberty.
DAT VAN DE
Trdi qua bao nhidu nam dudi tdc ddng eiia ehgn lgc tu nhidn va ehgn lgc nhan tao eae gid'ng gia sue, gia cdm d nude ta da thich nghi vdi dieu kidn sinh thai eiia timg viing khde nhau. Ngya la gia siic gdn bd lau ddi vdi ddng bao mien niii nude ta.
Ngya Bach Id loai hidn ed sd lugng rdt it d nudc ta hidn nay, dugc phan bd rai rac d cac tinh mien niii nhu: Lang Son, Thai Nguydn, Bde Kan, Cao Bdng, Ha Giang, Lao Cai, Ydn Bai ..., ebi ed khoang 300-400 con, ehid'm 0,3-0,5%o trong tdng dan ngya hidn nay.
Trong nhan dan, ngya Bach dugc coi la tai san qui eiia mdi gia dinh. Ngua Bach chiu dyng kham khd, ed the phat trien tdt d ede tinh mien niii. Ngya Bach cdn dugc coi la duge lieu qui hid'm (bay edn ggi la thdn duge) diing vdo vide bdi bd, nang cao thd lye, ehua tri mdt sd chiing bdnh nan y cho ngudi.
+ Tidi ngya Bach pha rugu udng se lam giam bdnh dau ddu, chdng mat, bdi bd co thd, tdt eho phu nir thdi ky sinh de.
+ Thit ngua Bach ed gid tri dinh dudng eao, bdi bd, chdng bdnh vidm dudng tidu hod, chdng met mdi, phii hgp vdi phy nir, chdng suy kiet lao lye.
+ Cao xuong ngya Bach duge danh gia sau eao hd cdt, lam eiing xuong, chdng hdi dau, rung tdc, an than, an thai, bdi bd eho phu nu sau sinh de, chdng tri, nhidt, chira benh phong td thdp, thdn kinh ngoai bidn.
Do dp lye ddi hdi eiia cudc sd'ng hidn tai, ngya Bach dang ddn ed nguy eo bi thu hep. Nhdm bao tdn nhimg dac diem quy eiia ngya Bach, eiing vdi vide bao tdn nguon gen vat nudi d Viet Nam, de budc ddu danh gia duge eae ehi tieu eiia ngya Bach, ehiing tdi tid'n hanh nghien cim nhdm danh gia mdt sd ehi tidu vd ngoai hinh, sinh ly, sinh trudng va phat tridn ciia ngya Bach nudi tai Trung tam nghidn cim va phdt trien ehan nudi Mien Nui.
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VIEN C H A N NUOI - Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cdng nghe Chdn nudi - S6 3 nam 2006
' '" ' / iU-;-" '' VAT LIEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CtlXJ
Ddi tugng, dia diem vd thdi gian nghien cicu
- Dan ngua Bach dugc tuyen chgn tir cdc dia phucmg vd nudi tai Trung tdm nghidn ciiu va PT chan nudi Mien Niii.
- Thdi gian nghidn cim: 2000 - 2005
Npi dung nghien cicu i Theo doi mpt sd ddc diem ciia ngUa Bgch
- Dac diem ngoai hinh, mdt so chi tidu sinh ly, sinh san, dac diem di truyen mdu ldng, dae die'm dien hinh cac Id ty nhidn qua ddi con.
Theo doi khd ndng sinh trudng cua ngUa Bgch
- Khdi lugng (KL) tieh luy, sinh trudng tuyet ddi va tuomg ddi, kich thudc mdt sd chieu do dcdc giai doan (sasinh, 6, 12, 24, 36 va>36 thdng tudi) , .•
Theo doi mpt sd dgc diem vi sinh sdn r- ' "' Tudi dgng due ldn ddu, ehu ky ddng due, thdi gian ddng due, thdi gian mang thai, khoang each liia de.
Phdn tich gid tri dinh duang vd thdnh phdn cdc axit amin cua thit ngua Bgch Phuang phdp nghien cicu
Ddc diem ngogi hinh, ddc diem sinh I'y cita ngiCa Bgch „ , ^4 - Dae diem ngoai hinh, dae diem di truyen mdu ldng va dae diem dien hinh cdc Id tu nhidn qua ddi eon duge danh gia quan sat bdng mdt thudng.
- Than nhidt, mach dap, nhip thd duge do vao sang sdm, kiem tra 3 ngay lien/thang, 3 thang kiem tra 1 lan, bang nhidt kd', dng nghe va ddng hd bam gay.
- Hdng cdu, bach edu duge ddm bdng budng dd'm Neubauer. • - ' • -
Theo ddi kha nang sinh trudng eua ngya Bach . . • 1 - Khdi lugng so sinh dugc can bdng can ddng hd. '' ''
- Klidi lugng tir 6, 12, 24, 36 va > 36 thang tudi dugc can bang can didn tir Ruddweigh.
- Sinh trudng tuyet ddi va tucmg ddi duge tinh theo edng thiic:
A = (g/eon/ngay); R(%) =
t i - t o w . ^ w ^ , : ';, ,, .;,
2 ;,, - Do kich thudc mdt sd chieu do cua ngua bach bang thude day va thude gay.
Kha nang sinh san - ,.j + Theo ddi mdt sd chi tidu vd sinh san trdn timg ed thd' vd ghi chep sd sdch.
+ Tudi ddng due ldn ddu: duge tinh khi ngya Bach cdi hau bi ed bieu hien ddng due ldn ddu tidn, duge theo ddi hang ngay d chudng, ngoai bai chan va diing dye thi tinh.
0 / \ N G OINH HANH - Nghien cim mdt sd ddc diem ngogi hinh, khd ndng sinh trudng. . .
Gid tri dinh dtccfng vd thdnh plidn cdc axit amin cih thit ngica Bgch
Ngya Bach sau khi thit duge cdt Idy mdu d phdn thit ed, ludn, mdng, than, gan, phdi dem phan tich tai Phdng phan tieh (Vidn Chan nudi), vdi eae ehi tidu: VCK, protein thd, lipit thd, khodng tdng sd.
Cong tdc nuoi duang, qudn ly vd chdm sdc
- Ngya Bach dugc nudi tap trung trong trai ngya ciia Trung tam, nhdt ridng mdi eon mdt d.
- Cham sdc va nudi dudng dp dung theo chd' do chan nudi ngua gid'ng gd'c, theo tidu chudn sau:
Khdi lugng (kg)
7 0 - 1 1 0 120 - 200
ME (kcal) 5000 7950
Bang tidu ehuan an ciia ngua Tidu ehudn an
Protein (g) Ca (g) P (g) Mudi (g) 230 15 10 10 320 22 13 12
Ty Id TA tinh (%) 40
30 - Cdng tdc phdng benh dam bao dinh ky tidm phdng 2 Idn/nam.
- Lap sd saeh theo ddi ly lich rd rang: tdn, tudi, khdi lugng, nam sinh.
K^T QUA VA THAO LUAN
Ddc diem ngogi hinh vd mpt sd chi tieu sinh ly - sinh hod mdu cua ngua Bgch Tir nhirng theo ddi, chiing tdi da dugc kdi qua, the bidn qua Bang 1.
Bang 1: Dae diem vd ngoai hinh eiia ngya Bach
Dac diem Ngua Bach bd me (7 con) Dai con sinh ra (6 con) Ngoai hinh Co hinh vudng dung, chua can ddi cao Co hinh vudng du:ng, bung to,
vay tha'p ban cao khum mot chut, bung nguc lep, c6 nho, dau to.
to, nguc lep, cd nho, ddu to.
Mau long Toan than mau tring cudc Toan than mau tring cudc
Da H6ng nhuin Hong Mat Mau trdng may (bach nhan) xung quanh Mau tring may xung quanh con
con nguoi co mot vanh mau dong lira nguai co mot vanh mau dong lira Cac 16 tu nhidn Mau hdng dd Mau hong
Mong chan Tring nga Tring nga
Qua Bang 1 eho thdy: ngya Bach cd ngoai hinh vuong dimg, chua can ddi, eao vay thdp ban cao khum mdt chiit, bung to, ngyc lep, ddu to, loan than mau trdng, da hdng nhudn, ldng trdng cudc, hai mdt ed mau trdng may, xung quanh eon nguoi ed mdt vanh mau ddng lira, eae Id ty nhien edn lai deu ed mau hdng dd. 4 ehan mdng trang nga.
Trong tdng sd 6 ngya eon sinh ra tir dan ngya bach bd me, ehiing tdi thdy the he eon sinh ra deu mang dae didm vd ngoai hinh. mau sdc ciia bd me.
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VIEN CHAN NUOI - Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cdng nghi Chdn nudi - S6 3 n a m 2006
Bang 2: Mdt so chi so ve sinh ly - sinh hod eiia ngya Bach Chi tidu
Thdn nhidt Mach dap Nhip thd Hdng cdu Bach cdu Hemoglobin
DVT OC Idn/phiit lan/phiit tridu/ml nghin/ml
%
n(con) 6 6 6 6 6 6
Miia he (Mean ±SE) 37,8 ± 0,26 37,2 ± 0,67 16,3 ± 0,86
- , ,,._
- -
Miia ddng (Mean ±SE) 37,4 + 0,13 ' 36,6 ± 0,64 15,5 ±0,75 .;,, , 6,6 ±0,26
10,1 ±0,19 11,77 ±0,23
Qua bang trdn, ehiing tdi thdy mdt sd chi sd ve sinh ly ciia ngya Bach ndm trong pham vi sinh ly chung eua ngya. Than nhiet giira miia he va miia ddng cd sy khde nhau nhung khdng ddng kd.
Chi so hdng edu va bach edu eung tuong ducmg so vdi mdt so gid'ng ngya khde:
Ngya Ca la 6,50 - 7,18 tridu/ml va 10,15-12,25 nghin/ml; ngya mau Viet Nam la 5,48- 6,43 tridu/ml va 9,40-11,75 nghm/ml; ngya lai Id 5,89-6,13 tridu/ml va 10,20-10,90 nghin/ml.
Khd ndng sinh trudng cua ngua Bgch J ' Khdi lucmg tich luy cua ngua Bgch qua cdc giai dogn tudi
Bang 3: Khdi lugng va kich thudc mdt sd chidu do ciia ngya Bach Thang
tudi So sinh
6 12 24 36
>36
n (con)
6 6 6 6 6 6
KL(kg) (Mean ±SE)
20,3 ± 0,92 88,6 ±4,17 117,5 ±2,25 151,6 ±2,74 172,5 ±4,75 182,6 ±5,05
Kich thudc mgt sd chidu do (cm) CV (Mean ±SE)
66,52 ±0,41 90,82 ± 0,78 99,77 ± 1,12 107,50 ± 1,34 119,33 ±1,63
123,33 ±1,92
VN (Mean ±SE) 58,25 ± 0,48 89,18 ± 1,23 103,42 ± 1,48 112,75 ± 1,51 125,33 ±2,14 130,33 ±2,45
DTC (Mean±SE) 53,72 ± 0,34 70,91 ± 0,82 79,47 ± 1,35 98,63 ± 1,58 110,33 ±1,83 118,33 ±2,17 Qua Bang 3 eho thdy: ngya Bach duge nudi giir tai Trung tam cd khd'i lugng binh quan liic so sinh la 20,3 kg; 6 thdng tudi dat 88,6 kg; 12 thdng tudi dat 117,5 kg; 24 thdng tudi dat 151,6 kg; 36 thdng tudi dat 172,5kg va > 36 thdng tudi la 182,6 kg.
So sdnh vdi dan ngua mau Viet Nam d Hodng Su Phi thi thdy ngya Bach nudi d Trung tam ed khdi lugng ldn horn, giai doan so sinh Id 2,7kg (20,3 kg so vdi 17,6 kg); giai do in 36 thang tudi tang ban la 9,3 kg (182,6 so vdi 173,3 kg) (Dang Dinh Hanh vd es., 2003).
So vdi kdi qua dieu tra cua Nguydn Hiiu Tra va es (1998) trdn ngya Bach d Thai Nguyen va Bdc Kan thi thdy ngya Bach nudi d Trung tdm d giai doan >36 thdng tudi cd khdi lugng tucmg duomg (182,6kg so vdi 179,3kg). ' • i
Vd kich thude mdt sd chieu do ciia ngya Bach nudi d Trung tam cung tuong duong
vdi ngya Bach va ngya mau Viet Nam nudi d trong dan. —
O A N G OINH HANH - Nghien cim mdt sd ddc diim ngogi hinh, khd ndng sinh tricdng.
Tir kdi qua trdn chiing tdi thdy rdng: ngua Bach ed khdi lugng va kich thudc nhd, tucmg ducmg vdi ngya mau Vidt Nam.
Sinh trudng tuyet ddi vd tuang ddi cua ngi/a Bgch '' ..,
Bang 4: Sinh trudng tuyet ddi va tuomg ddi eua ngya Bach Giai doan sinh trudng
(thdng tudi) S S - 6
> 6 - 1 2
> 1 2 - 2 4
>24 - 36
Sinh trudng tuyet ddi (g/con/ngay)
379,44 160,55
: 94,72 58,05
Sinh trudng tuong ddi (%) 125,36
28,04 25,92 12,89
Qua Bang 4 chiing tdi thdy: sinh trudng tuyet ddi va tuomg ddi eiia ngya Bach tang cao d nam thii nhdt trung binb 270,00 g/con/ngay tuong iing Id 141,07 %; Dd'n nam thir 2 chi tang 94,72 g/con/ngdy, tuong iing Id 25,92%; nam thir 3 dat 58,05 g/con/ngay va
12,89%. Trung binb d giai doan tir 0 - 36 thdng tudi Id 140,92 g/eon/ngay. Kdi qua trdn phii hgp vdi quy luat sinh trudng theo giai doan ngoai bao thai eiia gia siic.
Khd ndng sinh sdn cua ngua Bgch
Chung tdi da tid'n banh theo ddi trdn dan ngya cdi sinh san, duge nudi dudng tai trung tam, thu dugc kdi qua sau. ,| ,; . , .
Bang 5: Mgt sd dac di^m v^ sinh sdn ciia ngya Bach Chi tidu
Tudi dgng due ldn ddu
Chu ky ddng due ..,, Thdi gian ddng due ., Tudi de lii'a ddu r. x • Thdi gian mang thai Khoang cdch giiia 2 Iiia de
DVT thang ngay ngdy thdng '. rigdy
thdng
n (con) 4 12
10 ., 4
10 5
(Mean ±SE) 20,75 ±0,41 22,48 ± 0,74 7,74 ± 1,35 35,85 ± 0,42 328,60 ± 4,07
15,65 ±0,94 Qua bang trdn ehiing tdi thdy: tudi ddng due Idn ddu eiia ngya Bach Id sdm (20,75 thdng), chu ky ddng due dai (22,48 ngay), thdi gian ddng due ngdn (7,74 ngay), tudi de lira dau la tuang ddi sdm (35,85 thdng), khoang each giiia 2 liia de mau (15,65 thdng).
So sdnh vdi kdi qua dieu tra eiia Nguydn Hiru Trd va es (1998) trdn dan ngya Bach d Thai Nguydn va Bde Kan thi khoang each liira de eiia ngua Bach nudi tai trung tam ngdn hon 3,35 thdng (15,65 thdng so vdi 19 thdng).
Chdt lugng thU cua ngua Bgch
(Ham lugng cac chat dinh dudng eiia thit ngya bach duge trinh bay qua Bang 6).
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VIEN C H A N NUOI - T. ^ chi Khoa hgc Cdng nghe Chdn nudi - S6 3 nam 2006
Theo Td Du (1994) eho bidi, ham lugng gid tri dinh duang thit ngua nhu sau: ty Id nude 74,2%, prdtein 21,7%, md 2,5%, khoang tdng sd 1,02%. Qua day chiing tdi thdy rdng thit ngya Bach cd ham lugng prdtdin va md thap ban thit ngya thudng, nhung ham lugng khoang tdng sd thi cao hon.
Bang 6: Ham lugng cde chat dinh dudng eiia thit ngya Bach
Loai thit
Prdtein tho (%) Ma tho (%) Khoang tdng sd (%) Ty le nudc (%)
Thit ed Thit ludn Thit mong Thjt than
Trung binh cac loai thjt Gan
Phdi
20,61 18,78 19,56 18,89 19,46 18,25 15,60
0,77 1,19 1,59 2,21 1,44 2,76 1,67
1,27 1,28 1,28 1,24 1,26 1,29 1,06
76,60 76,08 74,04 74,99 75,42 70,33 80,69
So sdnh thit ngya Bach vdi thit trau, bd thi thdy: prdtein thdp hom: 19,46% so vdi 20,8% (thit trau) va 21,3% (thit bd), it md ban: 1,44% so vdi 7,1% (thit trdu) va 3,1% (thit bd), khodng cao hem: 1,26% so vdi 0,9% (thit trau) va 0,8% (thit bd), ty Id nudc trong thit ngya Bach cung cao hem thit trau bd (theo Fidanza, 1982)
Bang 7: Ham lugng cdc axit amin trong thit ngya Bach {%)
.»,- ::A'K
TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Cac loai axit amin
Aspartri Glutamic Serine Histidine Glycine Threonine Alanine Arginine Tyrosine Valine Methionine Phenylalanine Isoleueine Leucine Lysine Hyp Pronine
Thit ed
1,532 2,771 0,659 0,637 0,644 0,802 0,946 1,850 1,220 0,380 1,063 0,289 0,614 0,841 1,744 1,097 1,262
Thit ludn 1,622 2,720 0,668 0,640 0,693 0,800 1,005 1,905 1,280 0,392 1,093 0,268 0,644 0,843 1,836 1,114 1,216
Thit mdng
1,748 2,825 0,790 0,870 0,764 0,871 1,100 2,151 1,351 0,421 1,261 0,333 0,685 0,953 1,986 1,175 1,114
Thjt than 1,660 2,687 0,696 0,875 0,695 0,824 1,032 2,018 1,234 0,404
1,221 0,349 0,652 0,652 1,021 1,588 0,975
TBeac loai thit
1,640 2,751 0,703 0,755 0,699 0,824 1,020 1,981 1,271 0,399 1,159 0,309 0,648 0,822 1,646 1,243 1,142
Gan
1,439 1,810 0,716 0,473 0,815 0,786 1,013 1,980 0,995 0,373 1,368 0,444 0,770 0,770 0,904 1,662 0,655
Phdi
1,130 1,747 0,644 0,384 1,217 0,581 0,872 1,705 0,993 0,277 0,954 0,150 0,501 0,501 0,563 1,190 0,527
OANG OINH HANH - Nghien cim mot sdddc diem ngogi hinh, khd ndng sinh tricdng. . .
Thit ngya Bach cd 17 axit amin (a.a). Ham lugng eae a.a d thit mong va thit than thudng eao hem d thjt ed va thit ludn. Trong 17 a.a eiia ede loai thit (trir gan, phdi) thi Glutamic cao nhdt trung binh 2,751%, tid'p dd'n la Arginine, Lysine, Aspartri ldn lugt
1,981 %, 1,646%, 1,640%, thdp nhat la Phenylalanine (0,309%) va Valine (0,3997o).
KET LUAN VA D ^ NGHI Kit ludn •. ;
Tir nhung kdi qiia phan tich d trdn chiing tdi nit ra mdt sd kdt luan sau:
+ Ngya Bach cd ngoai binb nhd, san chac. ldng, da, bdm, mdng va cdc Id ty nhidn deu ed mdu trdng va trdng bdng. Mdt sd ebi tidu sinh ly eiia ngya Bach ndm trong pham vi sinh ly chung cita ngya.
-I- Ngya Bach cd khdi lugng va kich thude nhd: so sinh la 20,3 kg, >36 thang tudi dat 182,6kg. Sinh trudng tuyet ddi va tucmg ddi eiia ngya Bach cham, trung binh tir so sinh dd'n 36 thdng tuoi ebi dat 140,92 g/eon/ngay.
-I- Ngya bach phat dye sdm, tudi ddng due Ian dau la 20,5 thdng, tudi de lira ddu 35,5 thdng, khoang cdch giira 2 lira de ngdn 15,6 thdng.
-H Thit ngya Bach mem, thom ngon, ed 17 axit amin, nhieu nae it md, ty Id md ehi chidm 1,44%, ty Id khoang tdng sd cao 1,26%.
Di nghi
- Tid'p tue nudi giir sd ngya Bach hidn ed d Trung tam d^ xdc dinh ban ebdt di truyen gen ciia ngya Bach
- Hd trg kinh phi de phdt trie'n dan ngya Bach d trong dan.
TAI LifiU THAM KHAO
Dang Dmh Hanh , NguySn Due Udc, Vu Van Ty, Nguyfin Hiru Tra. 2003 - Bao cao kdt qua thuc hien di tai dfic lap cip nha nudc; "Nghien cixu chpn loc va lai tao gidng ngira dia phircmg vdi gidng ngira Cabardin phuc vu dan sinh va qudc phdng".
Fidanza F.. 1982 - "Nutritional characteristic of buffalo" Caserta Zootecnica Assoc, Caserta, Italy.
Nguydn Hdu Tra, Nguydn Van Thien, Dang Dinh Hanh. 1998 - Bao cao kdt qua thirc hien dd tai; Didu tra ngua Bach tai 3 huyfin Phd Yen, Dai Tir va Na Ri cua tinh Bic Kan va Thai Nguydn.
T6 Du. 1994 - "Ky thuat nu6i ngua lam viec va sinh san". Nha xuit ban Nong nghiep. Ha Ndi./.
