KHOA H O C - C 6 N G N G H £
So 11/2018
Nghien cuu he thong phat dien hon hgp gio - diesel trong mang iiroi dien oc dao
I TS. NGUYEN K H A C KHiew - TrUdng Dqi hoc Hdng hdi Viet Nam
TOM TAT: Bai bao thyc hi?n phan tich danh gia cac yeu to ^nh hudng den tinh on dinh cua he thong phat dien hon hop gio - diesel trong luoi h^i dao, tu do tong hop h# thong phat dien gio - diesel va mo phong tren phan mem MATLAB/Slmulink, de danh gia ^nh hudng cua chat lugng dien nang khi hoa tua-bin phat dien sue gio vao ludi dien h^i dao sU dung nguon phat diesel Cac ket qu^ mo ph6ng va thuc nghiem lam sang to tinh dung dan cua thuat toan dieu khien,
T u KHOA: H§ thong dien h^i dao, chat lugmg di$n nang ABSTRACT: The article analyzes main factors that al^ected the quality of wind - diesel hybrid sources in the island power grids, then builds the model of wind - diesel combined power systems and simulates with MATLAB/Simulink software to evaluate the effects when synchronizing the wind turbine generators into island power systems The simulation results illuminate the correctness of suggested control algorithms
KEYWORDS: Island power system, power quality.
I.OATVANDE
He thong phat dien hon hgp gio - diesel (Wind- Diesel Hybrid Power System - WDHPS) trong ludi eo lap (he thong dien hai dao} da duge sif dyng nhieu noi tren the gldl, nhung chUa thuc sU co he thong ehuan de ap dyng rong rai. d Viet Nam, he thong kieu nay mdi bat dau duge dng dung trong may nam gan day nen eon nhieu van de gap phai trong van hanh. Chfnh vi vay, can CO nhUng nghien cUu va phan tfeh ehf ro nhitng dae diem ky thuat eiia he thong nay. Day la nen tang deed the tien hanh cac nghien cufu nhSm tim ra giai phap van hanh hieu qua he thong nay, eung nhu xay dung he thong mau hudng den viee Ung dyng rong rai trong tUOng lai.
De mot he thong dien on djnh, nguyen tac co bcin la c6 SLf can bang eong suat giUa nguon phat va tai tieu thy.
Mol quan he nay chinh la sU can bang giQa eong suat eo eua nguon nang luong co sd cap cung cap cho may phat vdi cong suat dien tieu thu cua phu t^i va cae ton hao.
Khi h& thong tua-bin gio (Wind Turbln - WT) phat vao he
thong ludi dien quoc gia thi ph^i tuan theo nhCfng tieu chuan co ban eua ludi ve dien ap, tan so, sdng hai dUOc ggi la Grid-Codes (GCs) va lUdi dien ciia quoc gia cd kha nang hap thy tat eli lugng eong suat WT phat vao. Vdi he thong dien hai dao, dung lugng nguon phat l l n dung luong day truyen tai ed mUe do, ed dae diem ludi yeu, quan tfnh thap rat nhay cam vdi bien dgng eua nguon phat va phu t^i.
d he thong dien hai dao, tan sd lUdi dien ty le vdi toe do ciia dgng eo so cap diesel. Neu duy tri duge toe do dong CO on dinh dong nghTa vdi tan so lUdt duge on dinh. Khi CO them nguon phat dien sUc gid (cong suat CO eua eae WT t;^ le vdi toe do gio [1,4,5] bien dgng), bg dieu tdc ciia dong eo diesel lien tuc phai tae dgng dieu ehinh luong nhien lieu de thay doi eong suat co dau ra sao eho dam bcio nguyen tac can bang noi tren, gay ra hien tugng tan so ludi iuon bien dgng. Hien tugng tren iam suy giam chat lugng dien nang, anh hUdng khong tot den sU hoat dong ciia cae thiet bj dien, lam glSm tuoi thg cua dong eg diesel.
Nhu vay, de ghep nguon phat sUc gio vao ludi dien hai dao can ph^i cd eac giai phap ky thuat phii hgp, lam giam tdi mu'c thap nhat hien tugng bien dgng cong suat, bao dam chat lugng dien nang eiia ca he thong [2,3,6].
Mot trong nhUng glai phap phat do la sif dung thiet bj kho dien (Energy Storage System - ESS) de tran cong suat dau ra hoae lam ciifng eua eac WT {Capacity firming/
smoothing).
Viet Nam co nhieu hai dao gan bd va xa dat lien, nam phan tan tren viing bien rong Idn. Nguon dien nang de cung cap eho nhdng khu vuc hai dao xa bd la xay dung mdi ludi dien doe lap - lUdi eo lap. Viec truyen tai dien ra ngoai dao xa bd hoae phat dien theo phuang phap kinh dien la gan nhu khong the vl gia thanh se qua cao, do do viec khai thae dien nang tU gio de phat dien lagiaiphapkhSthi.TiemnangdiengidcuaViet Nam tap trung 6 hai dSo va eae khu vUe ven bien. Vdi eae dao nhd, nhu eau cong suat dien nang tU ed vai chuc KW, vdi eae dao Idn nhu cau eong suat ccf vai MW.
2. CAU TRUC H$ THONG D I E N H A I DAO VA MO HlNHTOAN
CS hai nguon phat cua he thong dien hai dao deu SLf dung loai may phat eo kha nang thay ddi toe do (Variable speed generation systems). Hai loai may dien dugc SLf dung d day la: May dien dong bo kich tir vinh
1 0 3 .
KHOA H p c - C 6 N G NGHE
eifu (Permanent Magnet Generator - PMG) doi vdi tua- bin phat dien siifc gio (PDSG) va may dien dong bg kfeh tU dgc lap vdi vanh truot va choi than (WRSG) doi vdi nguon phat dien sif dung dong cO dot trong.
Thong thUdng, td hop diesel-may phat (DGset) la nguon nang luong ehinh, lam nen, tao ra nguon dien AC eung cap cho phu tai dam bao bien do va tan so dien ap on dmh va bien doi theo diing dang hinh sin. Tua-bin phat dien sUe gio ho tro giam thap nhat tieu thy nhien lieu hoa thach nen se dUa len ludi toi da cong suat tijy ttieo eo nang nhan dugc tU gio. He phat dien sUe gid dua tren PMG duge lua chon nghien cUu trong bai bao vl theo tac gia nhan thUc dugc: PMG la loai may dien ed hieu suat cao nhat, do tin cay va tuoi tho hoat dong cao hon nhieu loai DFIG; PMG khong tieu thu Q eiia lUdi va dang duge cac nha san xuat ehe tao phii hgp vdi khu vUe hai dao.
De danh gia mot each tong the ve ehf tieu chat lugng dien nang thi can thiet phai mo phong kiem chUng dgng hoe eac cua cac qua trinh dieu khien tU ddng dien, dien ap, cong suat... eiia tat ca cae doi tugng trong WDHPS, dieu do dan tdi yeu eau ve sdc manh eiia may tinh ehay ehuong trinh mo phong tang len theo so luong eae qua trinh dong hge trong he thong trong khi tac gia ehUa co dieu kien thCf nghiem tren nhilfng loai may tfnh chuyen diing ma ehi thUe hien tren nhufng PC pho thong. Ly do nay lien quan den tinh kha thi eiia qua trinh kiem chdng he thdng bSng mo phdng.
Hinh 2.1: Cdu triic in/D-HPS dupe iua ehon de nghien cuu 2.1. He thong phat dien silfc gio SIJT dung may phat dong bo PMG-based WECS
Goi vdi he thdng dien hai dao, he thong phat dien sUe gio sif dung PMG la pho bien nhat [1,4,8,9].
Mot so van de ve mo hinh hoa va dieu khien he PMG- based WECS.
Cong suat co khai thae dugc tU gio duge tfnh theo:
P„,= -i-Av'C/l ,b) (1) La ham eiia toe do gio v, ty so toe do/va goc eanh b. vdi P^^ la eong suat ea khai thae bdi rotor, r la mat do khong khf, A la dien tieh quet bdi canh rotor, Cp la he so cong suat.
M6-men ea khai thae tU gio duge tfnh:
eong nghe che tao tua-bin khac nhau. Ty so toe dg/dUOc dinh nghla la ty so giCfa toe dp ciia rotor W_, WT (con goi la trye tdc do thap) va toe do gio nhu (3).
(3) Cong suat khai t h i c tU gio se Idn nhat, khi toe dp rotor d mot gia tri sao cho he sd edng suat la Idn nhat dugc xae djnh bdi ty so toe do va gde eanh. He thong dieu khien d cac tua-bin gio dieu ehinh toe do, sao cho toi da eong suat dau ra trong mot dai tdc 66 gid rong theo dudng cong eong suat toi Uu dugc cho bdi (4).
Ji^=-pC^^,^wR'\
= i.c„ " K«
(4)Dieu khien goe nghieng eua canh: WT (true toe do thap) duoc thiet ke de san sinh nhieu nhat nang lugng 6 dudi tdc do gio djnh mUe. Tuy nhien, khi toe d6 gio d tren dinh mUe, eong suat co khai thae can p h l i dugc han ehe (de chong pha buy) bang each dieu chinh gde don gio eiia canh.
Cau true eiia to hop diesel - may phat dong bd kfeh t u doe lap duoe minh hga tren H/nh2.2 gom:
rKdbKkor
'-W governor •ciKralor " ^ ^
Hinh 2.2: Sa do khdi cua tdhgp diesel - may phit He thdng dieu khien bao gom hai maeh vdng:
- Dieu khien toe dp quay cua dgng eg diessel: Bleu khien toe do quay eua dgng co so cap eiJng ehfnh la dieu khien tan so dien ap may phat, thong qua dieu khien mo-men ea ma dgng cO diesel cung cap.
- Dieu khien dien ap: Dieu khien he thong kich tU vdi nhiem vu giUcho dien ap dau ra khong doi va tranh qua tai cho mach kfeh tU.
2.2. He phuong trinh mo td may phat dien dong bo viet tren he toa do quay vdi toe do dong bd
- Phuong trinh dien ap stator:
u,„ = S--V ,w - Ri^
^ dl ' - Phuong trinh dien ap rotor:
- (2) Vdi R la ehieu dai canh.
He so edng suat mo ta phan eong suat khai thae duac tir gio, no !a ham cua ea ty so tdc dg/va goc eanh
b. Cp - He so khi dgng hoc tua-bin gio va phy thuoc vao - Phuong trinh tU thong stator:
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KHOA HOC-CONG NGHE
So 11/2018
- PhLfong trinh ti/theng rotor:
3 ,
^/d ^-ffJfd^^fhl^kd
ykd=Lj^i/d^L^iu J ^ r •
\K,K
2 ' " •
- Phuang trinh mo-men dien tU:
3 , . , w 3 , .
^0=^^ .,A^-y .^Kd)— = 2^p^ .dh„-y :->i'''i^
Vdi W - van tdc quay cO hge rotor.
- Phuong trinh chuyen dong:
3. XAY DLTNG M O PH6NG H% THONG DI$N Md hinh may phat dien gio PMG dugc xay dUng dUa tren thu vi&n thiet bj trong SimpowerSystem. May phat diesel duge mo ta being mo hinh may phat dong bo, co san trong thu vien eiia Simulink/SimpowerSystem. Mo hinh ciia mach kfeh t i / cho to may diesel dugc dUa tren mo hinh DCI A ciia IEEE, dung eho cac loai kich X.\i dUa tren may phat DC.
Mo hinh bg dieu tdc eua to may diesel duoc xay dung dua tren mo hinh DEG0V1 cua Siemens. Mo hinh CO so do khdi tren Hinh 3.1.
Hinh 3.1: So do khdi bd dieu toe cOa may phat diesel Chuong trinh mo phong tong the he thong dien hai dao duoc the hien tren Hinh 3.2 bao gom hai nguon phat la Diesel-Generator set va PMG-based WECS.
Hinh 3.2: Chuong trinh md phdng tong thd WDHPS Cau true dieu khien DGset duoc the hien tren Hinh 3.3. Cau true dieu khien tua-bin eiia PMG WECS dUoe the hien tr^n Hinh 3.4.
Sgs.
;,q ^_ ,
Hinh 3.3: Cau true dieu khien DGset
= = j - j
= - - j - j
—?- M3
Hinh 3.4: Citi true dieu Iftiien tua-bin cua PMC WECS Mo hinh tao gio ngau nhien duac the hien tren Hinh 3.5. Cau true dieu khien cac bo bien doi cong suat cua PMG WECS duoc the hien tren Hinti 3.6.
[HE]
_ ©
i
•OEIJ -H
Hho-yi
Hinh 3.5: Hd hinh tao gid ngau nhienH '
Hinh 3.6, Cau true dieu khien cac bo bien ddi cdng suat cua PMG WECS
4. KjCH BAN MO P H 6 N G V A KET QUA 4.1. Kkh ban mo ph6ng
SCf dyng tham so he phat dien Diesel: Cong suat danh dmh 60 kVA; dien apdanh dmh 400 V; tan so danh djnh 50Hz; toe do danh dinh 1500 rpm. Tham so he phat dien sUc gio PMG: Ban kfnh eanh tua-bin 5m; toe do gio trung binh 7 m/see; dien trd stator PMG 0.1764 O; dien
105
KHOA H p c - C O N G N G H f
cam phan ifng PMG 4.24 mH; cong suat danh dinh may phat 20 kW.
Bai bao sif dung mo hinh tao gid ngau nhien dUoc nghien eifu va phat trien bdi phong thi nghiem quoe gia ve nang lugng tai tao (Riso DTU National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy) thuoc Dai hoe Ky thuat Dan Maeh (Technical University of Denmark) [10] trong bg eong ey WlndTurbineBloekset[11].
He thong WDHPS duge kiem chUng vdi kjeh ban thay ddi tai tren Hinh 4.2.
Hinh 4.1: Profile gio duoe su dung trong qua trinh md phong
Hinh 4.2: Kich bin thay ddi tii trong qua trinh md phdng He thong WDHPS dugc kiem ehUng vdi kjeh ban thay doi t l i . Cd the chia thanh hai giai doan:
- Giai doan kiem tra phan Ung cua he thong vdi tai thay doi va gid van bien dgng: He thong bat dau lam viec vdi t i l thuan trd P^^^^^, = 20kW.Tai giay thU 8, tiep tyc dong t l i thuan trd P,^^^^; = lOkW. Den giay thU20, dong t l i P|^^_^jj - 5kW va mot dgng co khong dong bg 15 kW duoc khdi dong khong tai. Giay thu:23, dgng co mang tai 100 N.m. Sau do, giay thU 30 dgng eo duoc ngat ra khoi ludi ciing vdi tai.
- Giai doan kiem tra phan Ung eua he thong khi t i l on djnh 30 kW va gio van bien dong.
4.2. Ket qua thiTc nghiem Ket qua mo phdng WDHPS:
Ket qua mo phdng khi lUdi dien hai dao eo sUtham gia ciia hai nguon phat la DGset va WT vdi muc dfch la danh gia tac dgng eua nguon p h i t sUc gid len tinh dn dmh ciia ludi dien oe dIo.
1
1 1
1 i
r™i:rt| .,tf
' :
II
'
1 ,
1
f
urtl • K/
l^H
Hinh 4.3 the hien ket q u i mo ph6ng dap ufng ciia nguon phat diesel khi chua cd sU tham gia cua WT, t l i thay doi. Khi c6 sU thay doi tai lam eho trang thai can bang giCfa nguon phat va tieu thu tifc thdi bi thay doi dan tdi tan so lUdi ngay lap tifc bi bien dpng. Sau do, bo dieu toe Governor se t i e dpng dieu chinh eong suat cO cung cap eho may p h i t de lam cho he thong ve trang thai can bang, tan so ludi trd lai vdi g i l tn djnh mdc 50 Hz.
Hinh 4.4: Suchia si cong suat giua WT vk DGset
l i i i L . j J L . J... ll 111..
Hinh 4.3: Dong hoc cda ludi dien hii dio chi co nguon phat diesel
Hinh 4.5: Tan sdvi dien ap ludi khi eo h/T Khi CO SUtham gia eua nguon phat sufe gio WT, cong suat t i e dung phat bdi DGset duac giam xuong. Dieu nay dong nghla vdi viec g i l m duge lugng tieu hao nhien lieu.
Tuy nhien, van de on djnh he thong liic nay lai khong con duge d i m bao.Tan so ludi liie nay lien tye bien dong ngay ea khi khong eo sU thay doi tai. Hien tugng nay xly ra la do sU bien dgng lien tye eiia nguon phat siJe gio gay ra sU mat can b i n g lien tue giiJa nguon phat va phu t l i . Ndi eleh khie, he thong luon lam viec d trang thIl dong, mat can bang ngIn han, dan den chat lugng di&n nang bj han che, can p h l i dieu chfnh hientUOng mat can being ngan ban do, b^ng each sif dung thiet bl kho dien co the tim thay d [7].
5. KET mkft
Bai bao da g i l i quyet duge eac van de sau: Da phan tfeh danh gia eae yeu to anh hudng den tfnh on djnh eiia he thong p h i t dien hon hop gio - diesel trong lUdi hai dao, tap trung di sau nghien cUu tong hgp he thong phat dien gio - diesel bang md phong tren phan mem MATLAB/Slmulink, de danh gia anh hudng eiia chat lugng dien nang khi hoa tua-bin p h i t dien sUe gio vao ludi dien hai d I o sif dyng nguon phat diesel. Mo ph6ng dap Ung eiia nguon p h i t diesel khi chua cd sutham gia eua nguon phat sii'c gid WT va tai thay ddi. Mo phong dap Ung cua he thong khi co sU tham gia cua nguon phat dien sufe gid WT Q
KHOA HOC-C6NG NGHe S6 11/2018
Tdi lieu tham khSo
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[2].Thomas Basso and Richard DeBlasio (2012), "IEEE Smart Grid Series of Standards IEEE 2030 (Interoperability) and IEEE 1547 (Interconnection) Status" NREL/CP-5500- 53028.
[3]. lEEE-SA Standards Board (2011), "IEEE Guide for Design, Operation and Integration of Distributed Resource Island Systems with Electric Power Systems" iEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21.
[4], Panos M. Pardalos, Steffen Rebennack, Mario V. F.
Pereira, Niko A. Iliadis, and Vljay Pappu (2013), Handbook of Wind Power Systems: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
[5], Fernando D. Blanchi, Hernan De Battista and RicardoJ.Mantz,''l'V/ndTurbjneConfro/Sysfen7s.-Pnnc/p/es, Modelling and Gain Scheduling Design", © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2007.
[6], lEC (2014), Electrical Energy Storage, This Paper was prepared by the Electrical Energy Storage Project Team, a part of the MSB Special Working Group on technology and market w/atch, with a major contribution from the Fraunhofer Institut fiir Solare Energlesysteme.
[7]. Pham Tuan Anh (2015), Cdc phuang phdp dieu khien thiet bi kho dien sd dung trong he thong phdt diin site gid hoat dgng d che dd 6c ddo, Luan an Tien sTDieu khien v a t u dong hoa,TrUdng Dal hocBlch khoa Ha Ngi.
[8]. Nguyen Phung Quang (2012), He thdng ndng lugng sdc gid lai ddnh cho hdi ddi ddo. Gidi phdp ddu ndi vd hoat dgng hon hgp gio - diesel vdo ludi dien quoc gia vd ludi dien doc lap tren ddo, TP Ho Chi Minh.
[9]. Nguyen Phung Quang and J.-A. Dittrieh (2008), Vector control of three phase AC machine - System Development in thePractice, Springer, Berlin - Heidelberg.
[10]. Marsaglia, Tsang G. and WW (2000), The ziggurat method for generating random variables, Journal of Statistical Software, vol. 5, no. 8, 7, pp.2000.
[11]. Florin lov, Anca Daniela Hansen, Poul Sorensen and Frede Blaabjerg (2004), V\/ind Turbine Blockset in Matlab/Simulink, Institute of Energy Technology, AALBORG UNIVERSITY.
Ngay nhan bai: 15/10/2018 Ngdy chSp nhan dang: 01/11/2018 Ngi/dri phSn bien: PGS. TS. Oao IVIinh Quan
PGS. TS. Dinh Anh Tuan
