NGHllN cdu-TRAO Dtfl
• ThS. NGXJyfeN TH| LiftN
X. Vai trd cda d|ch vv hA tiif kinh doanh (DVHTKD) dtfl vdi DN nhfi sau thdnh l^p
DVHTKD dflpc hidn theo each phd bidn nhdt, dd Id b i t ky dlch vy phi tdi chinh ndo dflpc cung cdp mfit cdch chinh thflc ho^c khfing chinh thflc vd dflpc sfl dyng dc ho trp DN nhdm thflc hl^n chflc ndng klnh doanh hodc tdng trfldng.
DVHTKD dp dyng cho DN nhfi sau thdnh Idp - nhflng DN nhfi theo dlnh nghia cua nghl dlnh so 56/2009/ND-CP vd cfi tufii ddi tfl 0 • 3 nam la rat c i n thidt hifin nay bdi:
Thd nhdt. DVHTKD giup tdng cd hpi tdn tQ.i ben uilng ctia nhflng DN nhd sau thdnh Idp.
Theo stf li?u tdng h(?p cua Tdng cyc thtfng kfi tfl ndm 2000 ddn nay, trung binh ed khodng 30%
DN nhfi ngflng hogt dpng sau 1 ndm ddu thdnh Idp, gdn 40%
ngij^g hogt dfing sau 2 ndm diu thdnh 14p, 45% ngflng hogt dfing sau 3 ndm ddu thdnh l$p.
Nhflng DN nhd sau thdnh lap m$c du efi lpi thd quy mfi nhfi ggn. ndng dfing, Hnh hogt theo nhu ciu thi trfldng nhifng lai Id nhflng DN chfla co klnh nghifim thfldng trfldng. chfla cd kinh nghifim qudn Iy. ydu vd tidm Iflc con ngfldi. tidm Iflc tai chinh... so vdi nhflng DN vfla va ldn khac va so vdi ddi thfl cgnh
101 TIINIIGIIflS£30/2012
tranh. ndu khfing cfi sfl hfi trp dd khde phyc nhflng vdn dd trfin thi khd ndng stfng sfit trfin thfldng trfldng la rdt hgn chtf.
DVHTKD vi v§y se bd tr<? cho qua trinh klnh doanh cfla DN nhfi sau thanh igp. giup DN nay thu hut cdc ngufin nhdn iflc vd vdt Iflc c i n thldt. dao tgo. tfl vdn DN ndy nhflng ki ndng ktnh doanh vd qudn ly con thidu.
phdt huy nhflng tidm ndng vfin CO. giup DN cfi thd dflng vflng vd phdt tridn. Hdn nfla. hl$n nay cfi ngdy cdng nhidu sinh vifin nhflng chfl DN tidm ndng, dam mfi kinh doanh vd CO khdt khao lam gidu chinh dang, nhifng khodng each gifla ly thuydt va thflc tien v i n la met trd nggi khfing nhfi. thfim vdo dfi la vi$c thidu vtfn, thidu
kinh nghidm-: DVHTKD se la ciu ntfi ^fla DN vdl cdc dtfl tac kinh doanh, hfldng nhiing ngfldi trd tfl tin bfldc vao con dfldng klnh doanh, gfip p h i n xdy dflng va phat tridn dpi ngu DN va doanh nhdn trong thdi ^ mdi mfit cdch bdn vilng.
Tha hal DVHTKD gidp DN sau thdnh Idp gidm dU0c chipH ddu vdo. tdT\g khd ndng canh tranh cho DN nhd sou thdnh lap.
Cdc nhd cung cdp dlch vu h6 trp DN nhfi sau thdnh lap chuyen nghidp cur^ cap cac dlch vy edn thltft cfi chat Ifldng nhflhg vdi gid thanh hdp ly thay thd cho qud trinh tfl tuc tfl cdp ma cac DN. nhdt Id cac DN sau thanh Idp kho cfi the tfl ddm bdo mOt cdch hi^u qud. Didu nay giup DN sau thdnh Idp tidt
NGHltN cdu-TRAO Dtfl
kiem dfldc thdi gian vd chi phi dd cfi the tap trung vdo nganh nghd ehinh cfla nunh. tfl dfi ldm gidm bdt gdnh ndng trong hfii nh^p mfii trfldng kinh doanh mdi. dong thdl ldm cd sd dd thfle hi^n chuyfin mfin hod trong DN.
Tha ba, DVHTKD giU vai trd kich cdu dich uy cho DN nhd sau thdnh lap. Vdi tfl cdch la dtfl tflpng cfi nhu ciu vd dich vy nhflng nhflng chfl DN nhfi sau thanh Idp lgi h i u nhfl chfla cfi kinh nghipm trfin thfldng trfldng. hdu nhfl khfing bidt DN minh c i n nhifng dich vy hfi trp 0. dd cfi thd phdt tridn bdn vflng so vdi nhflng doi thfl cgnh tranh dang ton tgi. Chinh vi vdy, sfl cd mdt cfla DVHTKD thong qua cac chfl the cung flng dich vy se giiip khdeh hang la nhifng chfl khdi nghifip phdt hifin ra nhu edu mpt cdch chinh xdc vd cung cdp nhflng gidi phap hieu qua dd duy tri sfl phat trien bdn vflng cho DN con non trd cfla nunh; tfl do ldm thay ddi tfl duy kinh doanh tfl cung tfl cdp, ndp nghi "mutfn tfl lam tat cd" cfla chu DN nhfi mdi thdnh lap ndy.
2. Cdc phiftfng thufc cimg ting DVHTKD cho DN nhd sau thdnh lap
Cho den nay tren thd gidi dang ton tai 2 phfldng thflc cung flng DVHTKD cho DN nhfi sau thdnh Idp bao gfim:
Cung flng trflc tidp: cfi nghia Id cdc DVHTKD dfldc thldt ke va cung cap trflc tiep cho DN nhfi sau thdnh lap n h i m ddp flng nhu ciu cua hp. Hipn nay, phfldng thflc cung flng dich vy trflc tidp dfldc thflc hien bdi hai nhdm chfl thd chinh: (I) tfl chinh phfl, cdc nha tdi trp vd cdc td chflc qutfc td eung flng djch vy vi myc tifiu phi ldi
nhugn, n h i m ho trp cdc DN nhfi mdi thdnh Idp khde phyc nhiJng khfi khdn, hgn chd trong hogt dpng sdn xudt kinh doanh.
Cdc djch vy ho trp vi vdy ehfl ydu Id vd ddo tgo, tfl vdn, thfing tin tidp thi... dflpc cung cdp midn phi hodc thu mot p h i n phi rdt nhfi; (2) tfl cdc DN thufic khu vflc tfl nhdn cung cdp djch vy trflc tidp cho DN nhfi sau thdnh igp theo nhu cdu cua thi trfldng va vi myc tifiu thu Ipl nhudn, kidm ldi.
Cung flng gid n tie p:
phfldng thflc nay dflpc thflc hi$n bfii Chinh phfl vd cdc nha tai trp. Theo dfi, Chinh phfl va cdc nhd tdi trp khOng cung flng dich vy trflc tidp ddn DN md ehl tie'n hanh xuc tien phdt trien thi trfldng DVHTKD cho DN nhfi sau thdnh Idp thong qua cdc chfldng trinh hfi trd ki thudt nhdm khuye'n khich va ndng cao nang Ifle eho nhd cung flng dich vu thufic cd khu vflc cflng va tfl. Cdc chfldng trinh ho trd ki thuat cy thd bao gdm: ho trd nghien cflu thi trfldng, cung cap thOng tin cho khdch hang, phdt trien san pham mdi, ddo tao eac nhd cung flng, gidm sat, danh gid vd cdc hogt dOng khde nhdm tgo didu kien phdt tridn thi trfldng, cdi thien quan he cung - cdu dich vu trfin thi trfldng.
Vdi phfldng thflc cung flng dlch vy nay, cdc DN nhfi sau thdnh l^p cd thd mua dich vu tfl cdc nhd eung flng dich vy theo gid cd thi trfldng canh tranh, cac dich vy cung cdp rdt da dgng, phu thufic nhu edu thi trfldng.
3. Cfic logi DVHTKD phu h^p vdi DN nhd sau thanh Igp
DVHTKD cho DN nhfi sau thdnh Idp da dflpe mpt stf nha khoa hpc nghien ciJu vd khdi
nghidp trfin the gidi de cap ddn nhfl:
M. McVay & A. Oveiy Miehlb- radt (2002) chi ra ring m^t so logi hinh dlch vy khde nhau cd thd dap flng dflpc nhu ciu cfla nhflng DN nhfi vd vfla trong nhflng hodn cdnh khde nhau (DN mdi thdnh Idp, DN dang phdt tridn hay DN trong nen kinh td chuyen ddi). Cy thd, dfii vdl nhflng DN mdi thdnh Idp can sfl dyng djch vy xuc tien thfldng mai vd djch vu nghifin cflu thi trfldng dd cfi nhflng thfing tin vd tinh hinh canh tranh trong nganh vd cac mfii llfin ket vdi cdc DN khde (nhd cung flng, ngfldi mua va nhd cung cdp dich vy).
D. Vallat (2007) nghien cflu vd vai trd cfla DVHTKD dfii vdi DN nhd tgi cpng hda Phap, de xudt nhflng DVHTKD phu hpp vdi DN nhfi sau thanh Igp Phdp. Theo do, D.Vallat cho ring, cac DN nhd sau thanh Idp cdn sfl dung DVHTKD de CO the tan dyng dfldc ba nguon Iflc chinh: ngudn kien thflc (kien thflc ve ngdnh nghe kinh doanh, vd qudn ly, vfi ke toan, ludt, ve marketing..,), ngufin tai chinh (tfl eac td ehfle tdi chinh, tfl nhflng ca nhdn) vd cdc moi quan hfi (quan hfi trong he thtfng kinh doanh, quan hfi vdi doi tdc, niem tin cfla chinh bdn thdn).
Gasse, Y. (2007) trong nghien cflu cfla minh da chi ra nhflng hogt dpng chfl ydu cfla DN trong ba ndm dau thdnh Idp bao gfim: qudng cdo, tim kiem khach hdng, len ke hogch tai chinh vd mua sdm trang thidt hi, cd sd vdt chat. Ong eho ring, de nhflng hogt dpng trfin dfldc thflc hien hieu qud, DN ^ ^ mdi thdnh lap can bidt
niinniGiiws53o/2oi2111
a NGHltN cdu-TRAODtft
i y » cdch sfl dyng nhflng DVHTKD phu hpp nhfl: d|ch vy xuc tidn thfldng mgi, dlch vy vd cd sd v$t chdt, dich vy tfl vdn qudn ly...
Bing 1 dfldi ddy t$p hdp nhflng DVHTKD phu hpp vfil DN nhfi sau thdnh l§p iheo dd xudt cfla tdc gld: (Xem bdng dudij
Theo do. cac nhd nghifin cflu trfin cflng khing dlnh ring:
nhfliig DN md) thdnh Idp dO kinh doanh trong Hnh vflc khde nhau ddu phdi dtfl mgt vdl nhflng khfi khdn cfi tinh chdt tfldng dfing trong glal dogn ddu nhfl: khfi khdn vd vfin. cd sfi vgt chdt. Um kidm thj trfldng. td chfle didu hdnh.... kdt hpp vdi nhiJng hgn chd vd kinh nghidm vd ngufin Iflc khidn cho cdc DN ndy khfi cfi the tfl minh vflpt qua dd hogt dfing kinh doanh hli^u qud. dd tfin tai vd phdt tridn bdn vflng. Sfl dyng nhO^g DVHTKD phu hpp se la gidi phdp hifu hifiu giup DN khde phyc khd khdn. sfing bdn vifng. khfie mgnh. cfi nfii Iflc dd vflpt qua 3 ndm khfii nghipp ddu tlfin.
4. Dinh hvC&ng chd y^u pb&t t r i i n thi tn£9ng DVHTKD cho
DN nh6 aau t h i n h 14Lp Vl^t Nam trong btfl c&nh hlfn nay
Dd cfi thd tfin Igf vd phdt Irldn Irong btfl cdnh hijl nh$p klnh Id qutfc td, khi md cdc hdng rdo b i o h^ c i thud quan vd phi thud quan. cflng nhfl cdc chinh sdch flu ddi dang d i n b | logi bfi. mpt m^t cdc DN nhfi mdi thdnh l i p Vi^t Nam phil tfl nfi Iflc khfing ngflng, m$t khde rdt cin sfl hfi trp rua Chfnh phfl vd cdc td chflc, DN rung flng DVHTKD dge thu. Cdc td chflc.
DN ndy afi hfi trp DN nhfi mdi thdnh l$p trong vl^c cung cdp thfing lin thi trfldng, vfin. ddo tgo kl thu$t. qudng bd hinh dnh DN... D9c bl^t trong bfii cdnh ndn klnh td suy thodi vd chfla cfi ddu hl^u phye hfii trong thdl gian tdi thi DVHTKD cho DN nhfi sau thdnh t$p cdng dfing vEd trfi quan trpng hdn. Tfl nhflng thflc tidn nfiu trfin. cfi the dd xudt mfit sfi djnh hfldng chfl ydu phdt tridn thi trfldng DVHTKD cho DN nhfi sau thdnh Idp d Vl^t Nam nhfl sau:
Tha nhdt cin hoan thi^n mfii trfldng phdp ly vd cd che ehinh sdeh cho thi trfldng djch vy nfii
Bdng 1: Danh mgc cdc DVHTKD phu h(^p cho DN n h i sau Ihdnh I9p DNN sau thdnh I9p DNNsau
thanh Ifip
DN nho sau thanh ISp (DN dl vao hoat dfing
trong 3 nam dfiu tifin)
Muc tifiu
Tlnh bfin vOng Ifiu dSicua
DN
Mfi titioft dfing hflrg - HS\a lay nfn, m lift fifip cinckM amgiing tin dung
• HSim Wm tofin ttach Mng vi Hug kha nang bin bang
• Xiy diinq ki hoach kinh doanb
• HS'M \6 Mc iiiu hanh DN, ning cao cbSl luang nhin luc
• H f l r a trong wfic mua sim, i6l mdi Irang th'iSlbi, cdng nghi
DldiHjhfi'tiglifiubiii -Dichvunjc tlfin tai diinh
-DichvuxOctifin thuong mai - D|ch vu nghifin dm th| tmdng
-D|chvudfio tao nhfin su - Dich vu tu vfin guan Iv nhfin sii
• D|ch vu hfftio liy Ihufit cfing nghfi - Dich vu vfi CO sfi vfit chfi) Ngudn: Tac gii tSng hQp tO cac nguSn (M. McVay SA. Overy Miehibradt, (2002);
D. Vallat (2007); Gass Y., (2007))
chung vd DVHTKD cho DN nhd sau thdnh l$p noi rifing. Cy thd nhfl: hodn chinh Luit DN, lu$t vd hogt dfing cfla cdc hl^p h<H DN. hfi trp hinh thdnh vd phdt tridn nhfifng chfldng trinh hd tnj cho DN nhd sau thdnh Idp...
Thfim vdo dfi, nhijfng dleh vy d$c thu phu h0p cho DN nhd mdi thdnh lip cin dfl^c flu tlfin phdt tridn vdl nhflng flu ddi nhdt djnh, d i m b i o hfi trp vd ndng dd DN thodt khfii nhflng kho khdn rfli ro ban diu. viing vdng bfldc vdo thfldng trfldng.
Thi? hai, nghifin cflu va vdn dyng cdc phfldng thflc cung flng DVHTKD tfl kinh nghidm cac nfldc trfin thd gidi. Trong didu ki$n cfla Vl^t Nam hl$n nay, cdch tidp cdn phii hpp id kdt hpp gifla phfldng thflc cung flng dlch vy gidn tidp vd trflc tidp de ddm bdo dflpc 2 myc tifiu: (1) h6 trp khu vflc DN nhfi mdi thanh l^p cliidm stf dfing trong tdng sd DN trfin cd nfldc nhflng lgi rdt nhfi bfi vd quy mfi. hgn che v^
ndng Iflc, thidu klnh nghidm thfldng tnfdng. chia efi khS ndng mua djch vy tfl bfin ngoai.
trong khi cdc nhd cung cdp dlch vy thu$c khu vflc tif nhdn con han chd ve quy mO va ndng life cung cdp dich vy.
Vai trfi ho trd cfla Chinh phfl. cdc nha tai trd, cdc td chiJc thd gidi vd cac t^
chflc phi Chinh phfl dai di^n DN co y nghia rdt quan trong trong vific ddm bio ngufin tdi chinh va ho trp ki thudt cho cac chfldng trinh. d^
dn cung cdp dich vy cho DN nhd sau
(Xem tiip trang 15)
mgnh thfldng mgi ngi dia theo hfldng hifin dai dfla trfin cdc cd cdu nganh hpp ly vdi sfl tham gia efla cdc thanh phdn kinh td.
van hdnh trong mfii trfldng cgnh tranh cfi sfl qudn Iy vd didu tidt cfla Nha nfldc. Trfin cd sfi dfi, nang cao vai trd cfla ngdnh thfldng mai trong vific tdng gid tri tdng thfim ddng gfip vdo GDP cfla Hnh; thu hut lao dpng xd hpi, tgo vific lam mdi; ket noi sdn xuat vd tieu dung, didu khien vd ddn d i t sdn xudt dlnh hfldng theo nhu cdu thi trfldng;
ndng cao chat Iflpng cupc stfng cua ngfldi dan.
Day mgnh XK eua tlnh Thai Nguyen vdi ttfc dp tang trfldng cao vd bfin vflng, ldm dOng Iflc thuc day tdng tnidng GDP vd chuyen dlch cd cdu klnh t^ cua tinh. Tle'p tye duy tri eac sdn phim XK cO Ipl thtf egnh tranh, dOng thdi phdt tridn cac sdn p h i m XK cfi hdm lu'dng cfing nghfi. chat xdm va gid tri tang thfim cao; day mgnh cac dich vy hO trd XK vd tang cfldng XK dlch vy.
b. Muc deu cu the:
• Tong mdc bdn li hdng hod vd doanh thu dich vu xd hpi din 2020
Tdng mflc bdn Id hdng hod vd doanh thu dlch vy xa hfii cfla Thdi Nguyfin dfl bao tdng tfl 9.464.5 \y ddng ndm 2010 Ifin 28.868 t? dfing ndm 2015 vd 71.800 tf dfing vao ndm 2020 (tdng binh qudn 22,5%/ndm glal dogn 2011 - 2020). (121.
* TSng sdn phdm (GDP) ngdnh thUdng mt^i TTvXi NguySn din 2020
Ty trpng GDP thfldng mgi hien dai chidm trong tdng sdn phim khu vflc dich vy khodng 20% trong giai doan 2011-2015 vd khodng 30% giai dogn 2016 - 2020. Do vdy dfii vdl Thai Nguyen.
- Giai doan 2011 - 2015:
+ Ttfc dp tang trfldng binh qudn ngdnh thfldng mai - dlch vu dat 13,5%/ndm; trong do:
Thifdng mgi tang 16,5%/nam.
+ Ty trpng GDP thfldng mgi chiem 10,5% trong tdng GDP todn tinh va chiem 25% trong khu vflc dich vu.
I HemtHCOUTBAOflffl
- Giai doan 2016-2020:
+ Toe dp tdng trfldng binh qudn ngdnh thfldng mai - dleh vy dgt 12,5%/nam; trong dd:
Thfldng mai tdng 15,5%/ndm.
+ T^ trpng GDP thfldng mai ehidm 12% trong tdng GDP toan tinh va chiem 28% trong khu vflc dleh vy.
* Kim ngQ.ch XNK hdng hda din 2020
- Giai dog-n 2011 -2015:
+ Kim nggeh XK dat 230,6 tri?u USD vdo nam 2015. toe dd tdng binh qudn glal doan 2011 - 2015 la 20%;
+ Kim ngach NK dat 340 trifiu USD vdo ndm 2015, tfic dp tdng binh quan giai doan 2011 - 2015 Id 10%
- Giai doan 2016 - 2020:
+ Kim ngach XK dat 570 trifiu USD vao ndm 2020, ttfc dp tang binh quan giai doan 2016 - 2020 la 20%;
Kim nggeh NK dgt 570 trifiu USD vdo nam 2015, ttfe dp tang bmh quan giai doan 2016 - 2020 Id 10.5% •
MOT SO VAN DL.
(Tiip theo trang 12)
thdnh Idp. (2) tao difiu kien eho cdc DN cung cdp dich vu thupc khu vflc tfl nhan phdt tridn nhanh chdng vd quy md va nang Ifle cung flng dich vu, dap flng dfldc yfiu edu ngdy cdng cao vd da dang cfla DN nhd sau thanh Idp.
77ii^ ba, nghien cflu va van dyng cde DVHTKD phu hdp vdl DN nho sau thanh Idp tgl Viet Nam. Trfin ed sd cdc logi
DVirrKD phu hpp vdl DN nhd sau thdnh lap dd dfldc nghien cflu vd dp dung tgl mpt so qufie gia tren the gtdi, can td chflc dieu tra vd cdc DVHTKD cho DN nhfi sau thdnh lap phu hpp vdi dieu kien cfla Vifit Nam, vfi eung ciu cfla thi trfldng DVHTKD cho DN nhfi sau thdnh Idp. Tfl dfi, dd xudt nhflng bifin phdp ddm bdo mfii trfldng cho DVHTKD cho DN nhfi sau thdnh lap phdt trien, nhflng bien phap kich ciu, cung dich vy, phdt tnen mgng hidi ede nhd cung cdp dich vu, cd sd hg tdng kl thudt, xdy
dflng vd trien khai cae ehifdng trinh phat trien DN nhd nfii ehung vd nhflng DN nhfi sau thdnh lap nfii rieng...
Thd tu, xay dflng mo hinh lien ket phdt trien thi trfldng DVHTKD d Vifit Nam. Mo hinh nay dfii hfii sfl lifin kfi't vd phoi hpp an khdp gifla Chinh phfl, cde nhd tdi trd, td chflc phi Chinh phfl dai dien DN va chinh nhflng DN nhd sau thanh lap. Difiu nay bao ddm khai thdc toi da nhflng ifu the' cfla mOi td chflc trong viec cung flng DVHTKD cho nhflng DN nhd •
THinmfiMflSo30/2012 I 1 5
