NGHllNCliU-TRAO Ddi
C&= dich vu rpng khap, da dang va CO chat lupng cao nhu y te, giao due, giai tri, dac biet la cac djch vu hai quan, tai chinh - ngan hang, thUdng mai, quang cao, ky thuat, tu van ve dau tu, XNK, nghien cQu thj trudng, ky nang va ky thuat dam phan, giai quyet tranh chap, kien thdc ve ngoai giao va luat phap qudc te cd lien quan true tiep phuc vu cac hoat ddng FDI...
6. Phan cap manh quan ly Nha nudc do) vdi FDI cho Ha N$i.
Trong thdi gian tdi can giao quyen tu chii nhieu hdn cho cac tinh, dja phUPng trong quan ly FDI, trong dd cd viec nang quy md du an FDI ma tinh, thanh phd true thupc Trung UPng cd quyen phe duyet.
Dae biet, can manh dan cho phep Ha Ndi quyet dmh cac du an cd vd'n dau tu nudc ngoai tren dja ban len tdi 100 trieu USD.
Can nghien cdu thanh lap mdt kenh dac biet (ed the gpi la Hdi ddng dau tu nude ngoai), lien cap, lien nganh (bao gdm ca dai dien ciia Chinh phii, cac bd, UBND TP. Ha Ndi va cac Sd, nganh lien quan cua thanh phd) de true tiep xem xet, tham dmh va quyet dmh cap phep dau tu cho eae du an cd vdn dau tu nudc ngoai dac biet quan trpng dau tu true tiep vao Ha Ndi, vdi nguyen tac: thii tue ddn gian nhat, thdi gian ngan nhat (tham chi chi sau mdt lan hpp), mdt eda.
Cac bd, nganh va UBND Thanh phd, trong pham vi tham quyen cua minh, can cd sd ddng vien khen thudng, tdn vinh kjp thdi cac DN FDI dat hieu qua cao de khuye'n khich cac DN hoat ddng td't tiep tue phat trien va tang vd'n dau tu, ddng thdi can quan tam thao gd khd khan cho cac DN, dac biet la cac van de lien quan den thi trudng tieu thu san pham, cac nghTa vu thue...
XQ ly cdng bang, nghiem minh, k|p thdi cac hien tupng vdi vTnh gay sach nhie'u ddi vdi cac nha dau tU;
cung cap, gidi thieu eho cac DN
nudc ngoai nhQng ddi tae trong nudc cd tiem luc phu hpp vdi tdng du an cu the.
7. Chu trong cong tac can bO va dao tao cong nhan ky thu|it phuc vu cho cac DN cd vdri dau tu nudc ngoai.
Td chdc dao tao edng nhan lanh nghe lam viec cho cac DN FDI theo eac chUdng trinh phu hdp nhu cau va trien vpng sQ dung thuc te sd lao ddng nay. Khuyen khich va cd quy dmh cu the ddi vdi cac du an FDI ve dao tao tay nghe, nhat la huan luyen ky thuat; cd chinh sach yeu cau cac Cty cd ke hoach dao tao cdng nhan va ngudi quan ly dja phUdng... Coi trpng chinh sach ddn dau trong giao due dao tao nhan luc, ve lau dai can thiet phai dua vao chuong trinh cai each giao due chuong trinh dao tao ky thuat va cae ky nang kinh doanh.
Xay dung rhem mdt sd trung tam dao tao can bd ky thuat trung, cao cap va cdng nhan lanh nghe dat chuan qudc te phuc vu cho cac DN FDI.
Phat trien thi trudng lao ddng cd td chdc (ke ea chp "ao") tren dja ban Ha ndi. Lap mpt sd trung tam djch vu viee lam chuyen nghiep chat lUdng cao do Thanh phd chi dao de hd"trp DN cung nhu ngudi lao dpng hoat ddng dmh hudng xuyen qude gia.
Tiep tue ddn gian hoa eac thu tue va giam bdt cae phi tdn ve thj thuc nhap canh, tao dieu kien thuan Ipi ve thu nhap, nhad,... dethu hut eac can bp ky thuat, eac nha khoa hoc va nhung ngudi dieu hanh kinh doanh nudc ngoai den Thu dd lam viee.
Cac quyen Ipi va nghTa vu cua ngudi lao ddng lam viec trong cac DN cd vd'n DTNN phai dupe xac dmh rd tren quan diem bao ve Ipi ich ehinh dang eua ngudi lao ddng va eua DN, ngan chan cae hien tupng vi pham trach nhiem vat chat, tinh than va quyen con ngudi cua ngudi lao ddng, giam thieu cae hien tupng dinh cdng va xu ly kjp thdi, thoa dang cae tranh chap giua ngudi lao ddng va ngudi sd dung lao ddng... •
K
hai niem: Cong nghiep phu trd (supporting in- dustries) bao gdm nhiTng boat dong san xua't ra nhifng san pham trung gian cd vai trd ho trd cho viec san xuat mot loai san pham cuoi ciing (ngudn).Trong hoach dinh chien lirdc va chinh sach cdng nghiep ciia mot qud'c gia, quan he giiTa nganh san xua't cong nghiep vdi cac nganh phu trd la quan trong.
Phai trien hdp ly cong nghiep phu trd se dong gop quan trong vao su" phat trien cong nghiep va kinh tc ciia quoc gia.
Hien nay Viet Nam dang phat trien manh cac nganh san xuat:
Thiet hi dien dan dung; Thiet hi dien tu"; Xe hdi va xe hai banh; Del may, giay dep; Do go gia dung.
Dii san pham tieu thu tai thj tru'dng noi dia hay XK, cac nganh san xua't nay deu co nhu cau rift Idn vc cac san pham phu trd nhu' phu tiing, linh kien, dung cu, nguyen lieu,...
Vi du: Canon Viet Nam can hdn 60 nha cung u'ng phii kien.
Mdi chiec xe hdi deu can khoang 20.000 - 30.000 chi tiet;
trong khi do so' DN Viet Nam san xuai linh kien cdn qua it, hdn nda mot so' DN chi san xuat du'dc mot so loai san pham ddn gian nhiT bang dien, day dien, phu tiing nhifa, dem cao su, sam lop,...
Trong bai phat bieu tai Dien dan DN Viet Nam - Nhat Ban lan thu' 3 diTdc td chii'c ngay 3/3/2009, Dai Sl? Nhat Ban Mitsuo Sakaba nhan dinh: '"... tdi di/dc biet, ngiinh cdng nghiep san xuat phu tiing linl:
kien vd ciing quan trpng viin chiTa phat trien tai Viet Nam va dieu nay dang la Ird ngai ddi vdi DN Nhat Ban dang boat dpng d linh vi/c ngiinh cong nghiep che tao,, vii khi di thi sat mdt sd DN Nhat
6 I THUONG 1191 5 6 20/2009
NGHIEN cdu-TRAO Ddi
TS. PHAM DUY HI^U Tnidng D^i hoc Cdng nghifp TP. Ho Chi Minh
bieu, toi da nhan ra nhieu loai phu iQng, linh kien van phai nhap tiT Nhat Ban va cac niTdc Dong Nam A Ian can, ty le noi dia boa con thap. Hdn ntfa, trong qua trinh san xuat, ngay ca nhiTng phii tiing linh kien mua tai npi dia ciing co nguyen vat lieu va phu tung nhd phai NK, nen ve thiTc
chat ly le "npi dja boa"
con thap bdn the. Chinh VI dieu nay ma chi phi san xua't tang ten, nang life canh tranh so vdi san pham ciing loai diTdc san xua't d cdc nu'dc khdc chic chin se thap di".
Han the trong phdt trien cong nghiep phu tra:
- ChiTa cd sir trien khai cac chinh sdch phu
hdp va sir ho trd kip thdi, dung mu'c.
- ChiTa cd chU'dng trinh hanh dpng cu the, ke hoach chi tiet de trien khai dam bao muc lieu, lien do.
- Hd trd ngudn von cho cac DN phu trd va ky ibuat san xua't lien tien.
- Cdc nganh cdng nghiep phu Ird chiTa nhan biet lam quan trpng ciia vice tdng ciTdng kha ndng canh tranh ciia cdc DN.
- Hinh thiTc san xua't licb hdp theo chi^u dpc, khdng chuyen mon hod.
- Quy md thi irUdng trong nirdc cdn han che.
- Thong tin pho'i hdp giiTa FDI va SME con ban che'.
- CbiTa CO be thong cung u'ng cd kiem soat.
Cdc van de cdn gidi quyet - Hmh Ihanh chinh sach thiic day cac nganh cong nghiep phu trd, bao gdm iTu dai ve thue', cac bien phdp bd trd kinh doanh.
- Can cd mot cd quan chiu trach nhiem quan ly, trien khai mot each tong the boat dpng cong nghiep
Day chuyen lap rap xe dtd
phu trd, bdi cd che hien nay khd phoi hdp cac cd quan nha nu'dc cd lien quan.
- DNNN boat dong CO bieu qua can diTdc khuyen khich chuyen hod san xuat tijf phu'dng tbiTc tich hdp theo chieu dpc sang chuyen mon boa.
- Thiic day va hd Ird cdc DN tu"
nhan (ddng vai Ird quan trong bang dau dd^i vdi siT phdt trien cua cac nganh cdng nghiep phu trd) tiep can ngudn tai chinh va cdng nghe.
Viet Nam rat thieu trang thiet bi, bi quyet cong nghe dc san xuai cac linh kien, ddc bicl cbiTa cd si/
chuyen giao cong nghe san xua't phu tiing, Hnh kien lii niTdc ngoai.
- Ngudn vd'n ODA cho phdt trien: Chinh phu Nhat Ban da cho Ngan bang Nha nUdc Vict Nam vay khoan tin dung 2 biTdc (Two Step Loan) lam 2 lan vdi tdng sd^
lien len ldi 100 ly Yen cho cdc DN viTa va nho. Hien lai, dang xem xet kha nang cho vay lan thiT ba.
- Dau tiT cdng nghe cao: Viet Nam cd dieu kien thuan ldi de phat
Irien manh me nganh cdng nghiep phu trd nhiT ngudn nguyen - nhien lieu, vc trinh dp nhan cdng cho nhiTng san pham tinh xao va dac biet la dang cd hang tram cac DN hoat dong trong nganh c(< khi - che lao may, do la chu'a ke den liTc lu'dng hiing hau cac xu'dng, cd sd cd - kim khi, lang nghe tren loan qud'c. Hien tai cdc DN Viet Nam hien chi co the tap trung dau lU' va phat trien san xuai cac loai phu tiing hnh kien cd kich cd cdng kenh vdi cong nghe san xua't khong phii'c tap va vdi muc tieu dap u'ng nhu cau cua cdc DN FDI.
- Phat trien ngudn nhan liTc:
thieu liTc lu'dng ky thuat liT irung cap den cao cap cd trinh do ve quan ly, kinh nghiem thu'c le. Su' mat can doi irong ti Ic dao lao giiTa thu'c banh va ly thuyet, quan ly va cdng nhan. Thieu su' tham nbiip cac nganh ky lluial Irong qua irinh
diio tao. ' ^
THU0N6MUS5 20/2009 I 7
' NGHIEN cdu TRAO Ddi
- Cai each triet de dao tao dai hpc theo ca bai hiTdng: phan ciJug (bdng trang thiet bi) va phan mem (chU'dng trinh dao tao va phiTdng thu'c giang day), can dieu chinh che dp dao tao thifc banh d xiTdng san xuat thifc te, nghien cifu ve viec xay diTng cd che' "Hdp tdc dao tao giiTa tru'dng dai hpc va DN.
- Dao lao va nang cao trinh dp ngoai ngil: Chat liTdng ngoai ngCT dong vai tro quan trpng trong viec dien giai chinh xdc thdng tin va nang cao sif hieu biet ciia hai ben.
- Phd bien thong tin DN: nd life tim kiem khach hang mdi, thiet lap mpt he thong phd bien thong tin, xay difng mpt cd sd dCf lieu ve cong nghiep phu trd va xay dijfng cdc mang liTdi thong tin npi bp DN.
- To cbiTc dien dan DN trao ddi yeu cau giifa SME va FDI. Cd mpt dau moi chinh thifc de cac DN gap nhau.
- Nang cao nang life canh tranh bang viec quan ly tot chat lu'dng, chi phi va thdi gian giao hang dat yeu cau XK.
- Cai thien be thong kiem soat chiit lu'dng: Vice quan ly va kiem tra chat lu'dng san pham la mpt trong nhieu cbiJc nang quan trpng ciia chinh phii trong viec phat Irien cdc nganh cong nghiep phu trd va tang cirdng kha nang canh tranh.
- Cai lien nang life ciia cdc nha cung iTng. Cdc DN npi dja cd Irlnh dp cong nghe lac hau, trung binh, nang lu'c td chifc san xua't va quan ly chu'a dap ifng du'dc doi hoi cua cac nha dau ttf FDI. Mpt trong nhiTng diem yeu nhat la kha nang nghien ciTu, phdt trien (R&D).
- Tan dung von vii cong nghe niTdc ngoai: mot liTdng vdn FDI cho san xuii't linh kien va phu tiing se trtfc tiep md rpng cac nganh cong nghiep phu trd ciia Vict Nam.
Bd Cdng Thu'dng ra quyet dinh
e I TNUONGM^I 3 6 20/2009
phe duyet Quy hoach phdt trien cong nghiep phu trd den nam 2010 - tam nhin 2020 tap trung vao 5 nhdm nganh: del may, da giay, dien tuT - tin hpc, san xua't - Idp rap old va cd khi che tao.
- Hinh thanh cdc khu, cum cdng nghiep san xua't linh kien. phu tiing, nguyen vat heu phu trd cung nhiT mpt so'khu, cum cong nghiep phu trd cd trang thiet bi, cdng nghe tien tien gan vdi cac viing co nganh cong nghiep chinh phat trien.
- Khuye'n khich cdc D N W N tham gia san xua't san pham phu trd, cung u'ng nguyen phu lieu cho san xua't phu trd; tap trung phdt trien cac nganh, cdc san pham cong nghiep u'u tien, cdng nghiep mtii nhpn, lao nen tang de phat trien D N W N lam ve tinh phat trien cong nghiep phu trd, hd trd chi phi mua ban quyen va lao dieu kien thuan ldi cho bp tie'p can ngudn vdn vay dai ban dc dau tiT phdt trien.
- Tao dieu kien thuan ldi cho cdc DN cd vd'n dau tiT niTdc ngoai cd cac dif an chuyen giao cong nghe vao Viet Nam, khuyen khich tham gia dao tao ngudn nhan life, ket ndi khoi DN nay vdi cac DN npi dia trong phat trien san xua't phu trd.
- Khuyen khich cdc vien nghien ciTu chuyen nganh trien khai nghien cifu, tbiTc nghiem cac de tai, dtf an gan vdi nhu cau phdt trien san xuat cac chung loai vat heu, chi tiet, linh phu kien, phu tiing... phuc vu phdt trien cdng nghiep phu trd.
- Thu but sif bd trd ciia Chinh phii cac niTdc phdt trien nhtf Nhat Ban, EU... de dao tao ngudn nhan life cho cong nghiep phu trd.
- Su" dung von ODA de bd trd dao tao lao dong, xay difng the che phap luat va cac chU'dng trinh phat trien cong nghiep phu trd, cdng nghiep viTa va nhd, chUdng trinh
hdp tac vdi cac Cty da qud'c gia dau liT tri/c tie'p vao Viet Nam.
Thay ldi ke'l luan ve vai trd ciia cong nghiep phu trd, xin du'dc trich phdt bieu ciia Dai siT Nhat Ban Mitsuo Sakaba:
... Neu khong san xuat diTdc san pham chat liTdng cao, re, phO hdp nhu cau tbi tdn tai d thj tru'dng Viet Nam se cang kho khan va khdng the tranh du'dc vice bi loai bo khoi thu'dng tru'dng. Qud trinh tif do hda diTa vao FTA Irong khu viTc ASEAN (hay cdn gpi la AFTA) va FTA giiJa Trung Qudc va ASEAN da bdt dau, trong vong 10 nam, mot niJa san pham se du'dc NK mien thue. Thdi gian con lai de chiing ta tranh dau no life vl sinh menh ciia nen cong nghiep Viel Nam khdng cdn nhieu... van menh ciia nganh cong nghiep Vict Nam se anh hu'dng den tifdng lai phdt trien kinh le ciia dat niTdc Viet Nam va van de nay khdng ddn gian chi la anh hu'dng den quan he dau tiT thu'dng mai va chinh sach ODA trong tu'dng lai giiTa Nhat Ban va Vict Nam, ma con anh hu'dng den dia vi chinh tri ciia khu vifc Dong Nam A " •
Tai li$u tham khao
-Kyoshiro Ichikawa, chuyen gia tu van dau tu cao cap, xay dung va tSng cudng nganh cong nghiep phu tro tai Viet Nam.
Bao cao dieu tra, Cue Xuc tien Ngoai thuang Nhat Ban tai Ha Noi
-Tran van Tho, Bien dong kinh teDong A va con dudng cong nghiep hoa Viet Nam. Nha Xuat Ban Tre, TP HCN 2006.
- TS Pham Thuy Hong, ChiS'n iudc- canh tranh cho cac DN viia va nho d Viet Nam hien nay Nha XB Chinh tn Qudc gia. Ha Noi 2004
- http://www. vneconomy. vn - http://wvvw.dddn.com.vn - http://wwv^.vnexpress.neL
