TIN NGl/CJNG THd CUNG CUA NGLfdl NUNG PHAN SLINH 6 VUNG CAO BIEN Gidl
(Nghi6n ctfu d huy#n Cao L0c, Tinh Lang Sdn)
LfilUINHANH*
1. D|it vKn d l
Theo stf UOu T i n g dilu tra d&n stf nfim 2009, dfin stf tinh Lfng Sdn lfi 732.516 ngudi trong dd, dfin ttfc Nung cd stf dfin ddng nhtft - 314.295 ngudi, chiim 42,9%;
t h a hai lfi dfin ttfc Tfiy - 259.632 ngudi, chitfm 36,43% dfin stf; t h d ba lfi d&n ttfc Kinh - 124.433 ngudi, chiem 16,98% phfin btf chu yeu d cfic thi trtfn, thi xfi trong t ^ h ; sau db lfi d&n ttfc Dao, Sfin Chay, Hoa, Hmdng..., (Tong cue Thtfng kd (anh Lang Sdn, 2010). Cung theo dilu tra nfim 2009, d huyOn Cao LOc, ngudi Nung cd 44.016 ngudi, chitfm 58,86%; ngudi Tfiy - 23.539 ngudi, chiem 30,56%; ngudi Kinh - 5.327 ngudi, chitfm 7,6%, cbn lai 14 cfic d&n tOc khfic.
Theo stf liOu dilu tra ciia Ban d&n ttfc tinh Lang Sdn, hiOn nay tofin tinh cb ba nhbm Nung (Nung (3hfio, Nung Inh, Nung Phfin Slinh), cU tru xen ke d i n cap xfi vfi phfin btf h i u k h i p cfic huypn thi trong tinh.
Riing nhbm Nung Phfin Slinh cU tru tai cac xfi: Thipn Thufit, Thufin Hofi, Thipn Long, Hofi Binh, YOn L l , Quang Trung, Minh Khai (huyOn Binh Gia); Van Thuy
• U Minh Anh, ViOn Dfin tOc hoc
(huyOn Bfic Sdn); B&ng Khfinh, Ding Buc, Khutft Xfi, Hitfu Khfinh, YOn Khofii, Nhu KhuO, Minh Phfit, Quan Bfin (huyOn LOc Binh); Nfim Nha, D6 Sdn, B i n g Tfim (huyOn Hflu Lung); Van An, Chitfn Thfing, Bic ThuJ, LiOn Sdn, T&n Sdn (huyOn Chi Lfing); Thuy Himg, Gia Cfit, Thanh Lba, Thach Dan, Ltfc YOn, Cao Lau, Tan Thfinh, Hfii Ytfn, Thi trtfn Cao Lpc, Xuat Ll, (huyOn Cao LOc); Tudng Lfing, Vinh Lai, YOn Phuc, Hofi Binh (huyOn Vfin Quan).
Ngudi Nung Phfin Slinh cd mOt n i n vfin hda phong phu bieu hiOn qua nhilu khia canh cua cudc stfng thudng ngay, dfic biOt la tin ngudng trong gia dinh. Thdi gian qua da cb nhilu cong trinh de cap den nhflng hinh thdc sinh hoat tin ngudng khfic nhau cua dfin tOc Nung, song den nay van chua dUdc nhfin diOn mOt cfich day du vfi ho thong. MOt s l cOng trinh dUdc trinh bfiy tbm lUdc vfi thudng ddng hda ngudi Nung vdi ngudi Tay trong cfich trinh bay nhu: La Vfin Lo va cOng su (1984), Be Viet D i n g vfi cpng su (1992), Hfi Dinh Thfinh (2002), Nguyin Thi Yen (2009)... Cac cOng trinh chuyen Ichao ve tpc ngudi hay tin
50 Nghiin vihi Ddng Nam A 6/2012 ngudng cda tdc ngUdi Ndng nhU: Hodng
Nam (1992); Nguyin Anh Tudn (2011);
Hodng Thi TMdu (2002); Nguyfin Thj Ngfin (2010, 201U.. nhung vfin chUH bdn luftn sfiu vl cdc Mnh thdc sinh ho^t tin ngudng ciia nhdm tdc ngUdi Nung Phdn Slinh. Bdi vidt ndy sl trinh bdy mdt cdch khdi qudt vl tin ngudng thd cdng cda ngUdi Nung Phdn Slinh ft mdt huydn biln gidi vdng Ddng Bdc cua td qudc.
2. Quan nidm vi hdn via, s^ sj^ng v&
c&i ch£ft cAa ngvtiti Nikng Phdn Slinh 2.1. Quan ni^m vi hdn via Tin ngudng dfin gian cua nhfim tdc ngudi Nung Phdn SUnh dUOc xdy dyng co bdn trin nin tdng vd quan mdm linh hdn vd van vfit hdu linh. NgUdi sdng tJil cfi hdn
"khodn", kM chdt di tM thdnh ma "pM" vd CO thl bidn thdnh nMlu loai ma khdc nhau, CO lpi vd cfi hai cho ngUdi dang sdng.
Td nhdng quan mdm dfi, ngudi Nung Phdn Slinh Mnh thdnh nMlu Mnh thdc tin ngudng ddn gian khdc nhau nhU trong pham vi gia ^nh, dfing hp cfi thd cdng td tiln, thd bdn my, ngodi ldng cfi thd thd cfing.. Hiu hdt, trong cdc ldng ciia ngUdi Nung Phdn Slinh diu cfi thdy cung. Id ngudi thyc hdnh cdc ngM ll tin ngudng chu ydu vd cfi vai trfi to ldn trong ddi sdng tfim Unh cua ngudi ddn tai cdng ddng thfin bdn.
Ngudi Nung Phdn Slinh quan mdm: kM sdng, con ngudi cfi phin xdc vd phdn hdn (gpi chung Id khokn). Phan xdc Mfin hdu, nMn thdy vd cdm n ^ dUOc; cfin phin hdn thi khfing the nhin thay. Theo quan mfim tM hdn khdc h ^ so vdi via, via cM Id nhdng phan hon nhe vd yeu. KM via bfi di.
cdc.bd phdn ctia co thd sd trd ndn mdt cfin b&ng, sinh ra dau dm.
Via sl m^t di cdng vdi thl xdc kM con ngudi chdt di, cfin hdn sS trd thdnh Unh hdn tdn t^i bdt td ngay cd khi con ngUdi ta chdt di. llnh tr^ng sdc khde cua con ngudi phy thudc vdo tinh tr^ng cOa hdn. Hdn cd thl rdi khdi xdc d ^ choi trong vu try cung vdi cdc Unh hdn khdc. NgUdi Ndng Phdn Silnh cho r&ng nhOhg gitfc mo kM ngii chinh Id khfing gian dd cdc Unh hdn kit ndi vfii nhau. VI v$y, kM con ngudi chhn vdo gidc ngd, ndu ngudi sdc khfie ylii hdn rdt dl rdi khdi thl xdc di chu du khip noi md khfing quay trd l^i, vl thl^ md gfiy ra cdi chdt cua con ngudi.
Hp cho r&ng: Ddn fing cfi 3 hdn 7 via, ddn bd cfi 3 hdn 9 via. Ba hdn gdm cfi: tfim hdn, thin hdn vd linh hdn duoc cu ngu trin 3 phin cua cO thd: Hdn chinh b dinh diu (chfi khody tfic), quylt dpih sy sinh td cua con ngudi. Hai hfin phu d hai bin vai, ndu chung di khfii co thd sfi ldm cho con ngudi ta dm ndng "thdp tijr nhdt sinh"
nhung vfin cfi thl ciu cdng gpi hdn ldm cho khdi bdnh ndu nhU ngUdi dd chiSa tdi ngdy tfin sd. Cbn 7 via n&m d cdc hdc cua co thl nhu 2 mdt, 2 mui, 2 tai vd midng. Ddn bd sd dl cfi thlm 2 via vi cfi hai biu vu. Via rdt quan trong vdi sdc khfie con ngUdi, nhung kM via ra di khfing ldm cho con ngudi ta chdt md cM gfiy nin Mdn tupng dm dau bdnh t$t md thfii. KM cfin sdng, hdn tdn tai trong con ngUdi vd trang phuc hdng ngdy. KM chdt, hdn thdnh Unh hdn lia khfii xdc lo ldng trin vu try vd cfi sU phfin cMa thdnh 3 phin: Lmh hdn chi duoc lln trdi kM qua ldi thiy cdi^ ldm ma din dudng vuot qua cdc cda di; Tfim hdn se
Li Minh Anh - Tin ngudng thd cdng cda ngUdi NUng Phdn Slinh... 51 d lai bfii tha ma vdi thl xdc; Thin hdn al
nhdp vdo ban thd d l^i cung con chdu, kM ndo mfin tang hdn mdi di tim phin linh hon di trudc.
Vi nhdng quan mfim vl hdn, via nhU vdy nin ngudi Ndng Phdn Slinh b Cao Ldc lufin chu y bfio vd cdc huydt cu tni cua cdc hon vd via trdn co thd con ngddi dd hdn, via hfia quydn, thdng nhfii, cfin b&ng, gid cho con ngudi lufin khfie manh. Nhu trong le sinh nhfit, ngUdi gid dUOc ciu ding cdc hdn khfing cM b&ng ll vfit md cd tinh thin vd sy hfi tro cua cdc con chdu, sao cho cha, me, fing, bd thu thdi, thanh thdn, gid cfin b&ng, cdc hfin vd via cfi nhu vfiy mdi sdng ldu. Dfic bipt trong ll tang cua ngUdi Nung Phdn Slinh chii ylu quan tfim lfim sao dl dua phin linh hdn cua ngUdi da mfit vUOt qua cdc cufa ngyc dl vl the gidi vinh h&ng, sung sUdng hon.
Chung tfii cho r&ng: td quan mpm vl hdn vd via cua ngddi Ndng Phan Slinh nhd dupc dl cdp b tren da dan ddn vipc ddng bdo td chdc ll sinh nhfit cho ngudi gid, ldm le tang ma cho ngUdi qud cd rat chu ddo nh&m an ui tudi gid, bdo Mdu vdi ngudi qud cd vd Id nhdng ngM 1§ ldn quan trpng nhfi't trong ddi mdt con ngUdi.
2.2. Quan ni$m si^ song vd c&i chet Ngudi Ndng Phdn Slinh quan m$m i^ng, con ngudi ta sdng the ndo tM chdt vdn Hid, hp van tidp tyc quan tfim ddn con chdu nhu kM cfin sdng, cfi thd phu hfi, tao phuc, giai trii hoan nan cho cdc thdnh viln trong gia finh. Ngudi chdt di hdn cMa ldm ba, mpt phin lln trdi, mfit phdn ra bfii tha ma of cdng xUOng cdt, mfit phin ve b vdi gia dinh gpi chung Id ma nha (pM rudn). Ma
nhd Id td tiln tryc tidp cda gia dlnh con chdu, phdi thudng xuyIn cdng bdi vdo nhOtig dip ll tdt vd nhdng ay kidn trong gia dinh nhd: cudi xin, tang ma, sinh nd, ldm nhd... Td tiln thddng phd hfi cho con chdu, tuy vfiy ndu cfi dilu gl khfing hdi lfing, ma nhd cfi thl gdy ho^n n ^ nhU ldm cho gia sue chdt, ngudi dau dm.,, Ldc dfi con chdu phdi cdy nhd ddn bd then bfii xem ma gi vd khdng hdi lfing vda ^ cdi ^ dl nhd thiy mo sim ll vfit ldm ll ta mfi hodc gidi h^n ciu xin td tiln tha thd
3. Tfn ngUSng thcf ciing troi^ gia dinh ciia nfSvCiA Nung Phkn Slinh
3.1. Hd thd'ng thd ti^ ciia gia dinh
* Thd cdng tS tiin:
Ngudi Nung Phdn Slinh d huydn Cao Ldc, tinh Lang Son cfi tyc thd ciing td tiln.
Hp quan m$m: chdt cM Id sy tieu tan cua the xdc, linh hdn vin cfin vd lufin trd ve vdi gia dinh. Linh hdn ciia nhdng ngudi da khuat lufin ngy tri trin bdn thd de gin gui con chdu, theo doi ho trong cfing vific hdng ngdy vd phu hfi cho cdc thdnh viln trong gia dinh, dfing hp. Do quan mdm nhu vgy nin vipc Ifip ban thd dl thd cdng td tiln Id dilu khdng thl tMdu trong ddi sdng cua ngudi Ndng Phdn Slinh noi dfiy. Gia iJinh ndo cung cfi mfit cdi bdn thd b chinh gida nhd, khfing phfin bi|t gia dinh dfi Id con trUofng hay con thd.
Khdo sdt cua chung tfii cho thdy, he thdng thd ty trong gia dinh ngUdi Nung Phdn Slinh gdm co: thd td tien (xofing cdng); thd fing tdo (xofing chdo) b pMa tren bdp ndu, Id mfit tam van, pMa trin de dng tre cdm hUOng, ddng bdo quan nifim la vi
52 Nghiin cdu Ddng Nam A 6/2012 thin trdng coi vide bdp ndc, h^nh phdc
trong gia dlnh; thd bd my (dn va) Id n d thd nhOng ngudi phy nd dd sinh con trong gia dhnh; thd ma sdn, vj thin chuyin trfing coi gia sdc.
Khi ngudi Ndng Phdn Sllnh xfiy nhd, chii nhd nhd thiy cdng xem hufing nhd, hudng nhd chinh Id tpa vd hUdng cda ban thd. Todn bfi bdn thd trong tift cd cdc ngfii nhd cua ngudi Ndng Phdn Slinh diu tpa cdng hudng vdi cda chinh cua ngfii nhd.
Vide xem gid, ngdy, thdng, nfim hodng d^to dupc Idy theo tufii cua chii nhd vd phdi trdnh dupc cdc gid, ngdy, thdng, nfim sdt vdi tudi chu nhd.
Vide dung bdn thd khfing nhdt tMdt phdi cfi thiy ciing ddn cung md chu nhd cfi thl ty ldm, ndu chu nhd cfin trd tM bd hofic anh trai ldm gidp. NgM ll ndy khd don gidn: kM cfi y dinh xfiy nhd, chu nhd nhd thay cung xem gid, ngdy, tiidng, ndm dfing thd ldm nhd, vdo nhd mdi vd 14p bdn thd.
Gd ldm bdn thd cM duoc dung mdt lo^ gd, khfing ldm td hai loai gd khdc nhau. KM chpn gd ldm bdn thd thudng trdnh dung gd Idy td cay da, cdy gao, cdy cyt ngpn, cfiy chdt khfi, thfin cdy cfi day leo bdm.
Phd bidn nhfit id bfi bdn thd dugc cMa ldm hai ting, ting trin cfi 1 bdt hUOng vd cfi 5 hodc 7 cdi chin dl thd Ndng Tiln (Ml Ndng), tdc ph$t bd Quan dm Bd Tdt, khfing dfing ciing nhdng thd cfi md, cM thd hoa qua, bdnh keo vd bdnh chUng khfing nhan. Nlu thdp huong cM thdp 1 nin.
Tang thd 2 Id bdn thd td tien, Id noi thd fing bd bin nfii, ben ngoai trong vfing 3 ddi. Moi tang thd gdm co mdt bdt huong vdi 5 hodc 7 chin thd tuy theo tdng ddng
hp, nhu hp Hodng dl 7 chdn, trong cdng hp Hodng lpi chia ra hp Hodng thd 7 chin, hp Hodng thd 5 chin; hp Vi thd 5 chin, h?
Luong thd 5 chin.. Sy khdc bidt vl sd chin thd dugc cho Id sy phdn bidt vide thd cdng cua tCing dfing hp t9i cfing ddng, nhung cdch lu^n gidi ndy chua ihxfc sy tihuylt phyc, cfin ngudi ddn cM bidt ldm theo !di cua fing, bd truyin I^ phdi thd mfiy chin dl ldm theo. Chdng tfii cho r&ng dfiy cfin Id mdt vfih dl cfin dang bfi ngfi trong vide ngMIn cdu vl Mnh thdti thd ti; cua ngufii Ndng Phdn SUnh. Ting thd hai ndy tM ll v$t dugc dfit tdy vdo hodn cdnh kinh td ciia gia chu.
* Thd cdng Bd mif:
Bdn thd my (dn ua) dugc ddt bin phdi hofic bin trdi cua ngfii nhd, ngay canh phfing ngu ctia ngUdi me. Bd mu dugc ngufii ddn quan mdm Id mpt ngudi phu nd cfi trdch nMdm, nghia vu chfim sfic vide sinh dl, phin hdn cho trd em, ddc bidt Id cdc tri so sinh. KM ngudi phu nd suih dda con diu lfing dugc khodng ba ngdy, gia c&nh mdi thdy cting ldm ll l$p bdn thd my cdng vdi vide ddt ten cho dda tri. Bdn thd mu dugc ldm b&ng mfit tfim vdn (ddi khodng 50 - 60cm) hofic dan b&ng tre dugc dfing len cao ngang vdi tim vdi cua ngudi phu nd vd ddt len dfi mdt bdt huong, ddn mdt td gidy dd bin canh. Vdo ngdy nhfit ky, nguydt ^ hdng thdng, gia chu thip mfit nin nhang dl ciu mong sy binh an. Dfic bipt vdo cdc ngdy 26 - 27 Tet, bdn thd mu dUOc gia chu dem xufi'ng "tim" b&ng nudc Id thom dun sfii de ngupi, sau dfi dl khfi va dfi't rom gao ndp cho vdo bdt huong rdi de lai cho cu.
Bdn My cung dugc gia chu cung com, keo, thit, hoa qud, rugu tring dl to lfing bilt On
Li Minh Anh - Tin ngudng thd eiJng eda ngudi NUng Phdn Sllnh... 53 dd chd che, bdo vfi vd ban cho ngudi mgi
ngudi sdc khfie, may m i n . Ddng thdi, ciu mong sang nfim mdi, bdn thd my tidp tyc che chd cho cdc thdnh v i l n trong gia finh cfi sdc khde, m\Ja thufin gifi hfia, mua mdng bdi thu. Mdi bdn thd mu ting vdi mfit ngudi phu nd trong gia finh, gia dlnh ndo cfi bao nhilu con ddu tM cfi bfiy nMlu bdn thd my.
* Thd cung chung sinh:
B i t cd gia finh ngUdi Ndng Phdn SUnh ndo cung cd mfit bdn thd c^nh cda trUdc nhd (pM shuong), tai dfiy ngudi ta dfit vdi loai bdnh vd t h i p huong trong sudt 3 ngdy Tet hay vdo nhdng dip gia dlnh cfi chuydn budn, chuyin vui. Theo quan mdm cua hp, xung quanh con ngUdi cfi vfi sfi' ma quy, vdo nhdng ngdy ndy c i n bdy cdc l l vfit tai dfi, ma ndo di qua, c i n tM nhfin Ifiy, khfii vdo trong nhd qu&y rfii. Khfing cM trong dip tdt ddng bdo mdi ddt dd l l md vdo nhdng dip gia dinh cfi vipc nhU ddm ma, ddm cudi, bdn Ign.. tM cung ddt dd l l len dfi.
* Thd Tdo qudn:
Bdn thd Tdo qufin dugc quan mfim Id ngudi trong nom cdc thdnh v i l n trong gia dinh, gia sue, gia cam cua hfi gia finh. Bdn thd fing tao dugc ddt 6 b i n canh bdp hay cda ra vao nhd bdp. Le v^t dfing ciing tdo quan vdo dip 23 thdng chap vd ngdy mdng mdt tet la do chay, kilng dd mdn vd nhdng thdc an CO md. NgUdi Nung Phdn Slinh quan niem, vipc thd fing tdo ngay tai bdp Id dl vi t h i n ndy cai quan mpi vfit trong gia dinh kM ho vdng nhd vd gia chu lufin gdp may man, sdc khoe, ehan nufii thu$n Igi.
* Thd ma sdn:
Bdn thd "ma or ngoai sdn" (pM hang sldn) thudng dugc ddt trUdc nhd. Ngudi
Nung Phdn Sllnh diftig mdt cdi sdn ddng d l p h d thfic vd cdc sdn vfit khdc, t r i n sdn cim mfit cdi cfit cfi treo dng nda d l cim huong ddng khi cdng. Theo t h i n tich, vi t h i n ndy cQng Id t h i n thd dia nhung ddi v d mdt sd dfing hg ngUd Ndng Phdn SUnh, pM hang sldn l^i Id vi t h i n An Phu D ^ Vuong. Vi t h i n ndy r i t linh thiing, chuyin trfing coi gia sdc trong gia dinh, mfii kM md Ign phdi cung t^i sdn p h d trudc kM dem bdn hofic dem nfiu nudng.
Trong mfit ndm gia dlnh ngUd Ndng Phdn SUnh thudng td chdc l l cung l l n h$
thdng thd ty vdo cdc ngdy nh^t ky, nguydt ky, ngdy 2/2 thd t h i n trfing coi, nudi gia sdc, gia c i m trong nhd; ngdy tdo md - 3/3;
ngdy tet gidt sdu bg - 5/5; ngdy r&m thdng bdy; ngdy r&m thdng tdm; ngdy fing tdo - 23/12; d i m 30 vd ngdy mdng tdt.
Ngodi cdc ngM l l ke tren, ndu trong nhd to chdc l l mdng thp (van seng), ddt ten {ddng eng pdn minh) hodc cfi ngUdi mat..., cdc l l vat dugc dUa len bdn thd tiiy theo filu kidn tdng gia dinh md cfi sy khdc b i l t nhfit dinh. Tuy nMIn, net chung nhat Id le v$t dua len bdn thd phai d l gd, vit nguyen con, khfing dugc chdt, riing bdn thd my cM c i n dui gd. Tren bdn thd tuypt ddi khfing cung thit thu rdng, thit trfiu, bo, chfi. TrUdc dfiy, kM ldm thit cdc con thu ndy phai md vd dn d ngodi nhd, t i m rda saeh se m d dugc vao nhd.
Cfi mpt thyc td Mfin nay la, nMlu ngud Nung Phdn SUnh khfing cfin nhd dugc day du cdc bdi cung, k l ca t i n g Idp trung men vd thanh men. Nguyin nhan cua van de ndy id do hg khfing cfin tha tMdt vdi vipc hpc vd sd dyng chd Nfim Nung, mdc du Mpn nay hfi thfi'ng vdn bdn ndy v i n cfin
54 Nghiin ci'iu Ddng Nam A 6/2012 dugc luu gid trong nhilu hd gia finh.
* Thd thd cdng U^ cpng ddng thdn bdn:
Bin Cfuih vide thd edng t^i gia dlnh, ddng bdo Ndng Phdn SUnh cfin thd thd cfing "thfi t ^ , thdnh hodng ldng Id nhdng vi thin cfing cdng cda cd thfin bin. Thd cfing Id vi thin bdo vd mda mdng, sdc khfie, bdo vl cdc gia dlnh trong bdn. Vdo ngdy mdng mdt Tdt Nguyin ddn vd nhCfng dip 11 theo quy dinh, cdc gia finh trong bdn mang ll vfit ddn cdng thin thd cfing.
KM trong bdn cfi ngUdi chit hay tri con md dugc sinh ra, gia dlnh ddu ldm ll bdo cho thd cfing bidt. Bdn thd thd cfing khd don gidn, chu ydu Id mdt ngfii midu nhd don so trong cfi ddt bdn thd vd bdt hUOng, cfi kM cM cin ddt mdt dng huong dud gdc cua mdt cfiy to. Theo quan mfim cua ngUd Nung Phdn Slinh, mdi vung dit, qud ddi diu cfi mdt vi thin cai quin chinh vi thd bit cd bdn ndo diu cfi milu thd thd cfing.
Nd thd thd cfing ddge ldm rit ddn gidn vd thudng ddt b diu hodc cudi bdn.
Cd ngdy mdng mfit thdng tu hdng nfim, cdc hfi gia finh trong bdn diu chuin bi mdt mdm ll ra cung tai thd cdng. Ll cung ndy do fing thiy cung cua ban dim nMdm vd nfi mang y ngMa ciu cho mdt vu mda dugc mua thufin gifi hfia. VI theo nfing lich cua cua ngudi Ndng Phdn SUnh tM sau ngM ll ndy mgi cfing vific gieo trdng md bit diu.
3 ^ . Tin ngUdng trong tang ma Ngudi Nung Phdn SUnh quan nidm kM ngudi thfin trut hoi thd cudi cung Id luc cMa tay vdi trin gian de vl cfii dm. Con chdu trong gia dinh se fi bdo vdi bd con hp hdng. Gia finh ngud qud cd cd ngudi fi md thiy cung vl dd ldm cdc thu tuc tiln
dua Iinh hfin cua ngudi dfi chdt vl nd an ngM cu(A cCing dugc sufin sl.
Dl bio Mdu cho ngudi dfi chdt, con chdu phdi ldm diy du ngM 11 khfing dugc dl sfit bit cd budc ndo. KM nhd cfi ngud chdt con chdu chua duge khfic, chi kM ndo thiy cung ddn khfim mdm mdi dugc khfic. Con chdu phdi dun nudc b&ng cdc lo^i Id thom dl tim rCra, thay quin do cho ngudi chdt. Nlu ngudi chdt Id gii tM m$c 9 do, nlu Id nam thl m$c 7 do. Vide mfic do theo via cua gidi tinh cdng tuy tCfng khu vyc cU tni vd dfing hg. Nhu t^i xfi Thyy Hung tM ldm nhd vdy, nhung t ^ xfi Thanh L6a, Gia Cdt thl mfii ngud cM mfic mdt bd- Ngud con trai trudng Iiy ddng tiln xu dfit vdo ludi hofic vdo tay cua ngUd dd ch^t coi dfi Id tiln hdnh sai kM qua ciu. Sau kM hodn tit cdc thu tuc thiy Cling md tidn hdnh khfim mfim.
Cfi n d con chdu khfim nidm ngud qud cd b&ng tim vdi tring, cfi n d khdm nidm b&ng vdi mdu vdng. Sau kM khfim nidm xong, ngud chdt sfi dugc dfit ra gian gida trong nhd, diu quay vl pMa bdn thd, mdn cM mic 3 gfic. Ddng bdo Nung Phdn SUnh quan mdm mic mdn h6n gfic Id cua ngi£ii sdng nin mic ba gfic de phfin bidt mdn d6 cM ddnh cho ngUd chdt.
Gid nh§p quan dugc ngud Ndng Phdn SUnh r i t coi trpng. Gid nh^p quan khfing cM Uln quan ddn ngudi chdt md cfin Uln quan den cd ngUd sdng. Vi thd ngUd ndo khfing may chdt phdi gid xiu, cfi kM phdi dl vdi ngdy m d chgn dugc gid nh$p quan.
KM dua tM hdi vdo quan tdi, thiy cung dpc mdt td giiy ggi Id td "phan", td giiy dfi ghi ro thdn thd cua ngUdi dd mfit, trUdc kM
U Minh Anh - Tin ngudng thd cling cHa ngudi NUng Phdn Slink. 55 nip quan tdi dfing l^i td gi£^ dfi dugc bfi
vdo trong, coi nhU biln bfin bdn giao cda ngud sdng vd ngUd chdt.
Trong ngM ll nhfip quan, con chdu t l tuu dfing du quanh tM hdi, hp hdng bin ngoai bit budc phdi efi mfit tM n ^ II ndy md dugc tidn hdnh. Ndu nhu khfing cfi bin hp ngo^, dd dd chpn dugc gid tdt vfin khfing dugc tiln hdnh. Theo truyin thdng trudc dfiy, sau 11 phdt tang, con chdu vd hp hdng nfii tdc phdi tufin thu ngMlm ngfit nhdng kilng ky nhu: khdng dugc fin thit, md, phdi fin bdc, khfing dugc dung dda...
Ti^ nMIn, nhdng kilng 1^ ndy dfi khfing cfin dugc thuc Mdn tai dia bdn chdng tfii khdo sdt
NgM 11 dfing din hoa cho ngUd chit dugc ggi Id ll "tdi^ khay lfi". Theo quan nipm cua ngud Nung Phdn SUnh, ldm ngM ll ndy tM ngUd chet md nMn rfi dudng vl thd gidi bin kia. Trudc kM mdc do tang, con chdu phai cim do tai^ ddn ben linh cdu cua ngUdi chet dd lay. Trudc ddy, kM bd me qua dd, trong vfing 40 ngdy diu, con cdi phdi kilng khfing dugc i ^ trin giudng, khfing cit tfic, khfing dn thit md dd to lfing bdo Mdu vdi ngUd da chdt.
Tuy nMIn, vdo thd film chung tfii tidn hdnh fien da tM nhdng kilng ky ndy hiu nhu khfing cfin dUflc duy tri.
Le dang com dugc thuc M$n ngdy 2 lin:
budi sdng vd budi cMlu. Ngud Nung Phdn SUnh quan m|m sfing thd nao tM chet nhU vdy, ngdy ddng com cho ngUd chet vdo 2 bda Id the M$n lfing thdnh kinh. Trong sinh boat thudng ngdy cua dong bdo cfi hai bda chinh: bu6i sdng va tdi. Moi sdng sdm, ngud phu nd Nung Phan Slinh da chuan bi mpt ndi chdo to dd mgi thdnh vien trong hfi
cfi thl mdc dn bit cd ldc ndo trong ngdy.
Trong truyin thdng vd cd Mdn nay, vide duy til phong tuc td ngUa cda gia finh bin ngo^i cho tang chd Id thl Mdn tinh cdm tide thuong vd Id mdt ngM II khfing thd tMdu vdi bit cd mdt ddm tang ndo cua ngudi Nung Phdn SUnh.
Bin qmh dfi, ngM ll cua bin gia finh thfing gia vd tang chd cdng rit quan trpng, ll vdt thudng cfi: mfit mdm gao, bdnh ddy, xfii vd tiln. Dfing bdo Nung Phdn SUnh lufin quan mfim r&ng tinh thfing gia hai nhd nhU mdt vd Id dao ngMa cua con ngUd.
Ll cfiy tiln, cdy bac Id mdt ll vfit md nhdng ngud con rl ldm b&ng giiy xanh, dfi, vdng, tring cao thap tuy tdm de kinh tfing bd me mang vl thd gid bin kia. KM dua ma nhiing cfiy tiln, cdy bac ndy se mang theo de hfia tai mfi.
KM dia quan tdi ra khoi cda, thiy cung ldm phep dd hdn khfing cfin luin quan trong nhd quiy phd ngud sdng. Ll ha huypt dugc ngud Niing Phdn SUnh chpn dat rit ky, chpn nd dit phdt vd gid tdt mdi ha huypt. Sau kM chfin cat dugc 3 hdm, con chdu se md Ihiy ciing ddn nd chfin cit dd tien hdnh ngM ll md cda mp dl bdo cho son than bidt vd dfin nhfin linh hdn ngud chdt vl cfii dm. Ngudi Nung Phdn SUnh thudng de tang bd 2 ndm, tang me 3 ndm, trong thd gian ndy khfing dugc td chdc cUd hfii, ldm nhd.
Qua khao sdt bUdc diu cho thiy, mdi quan hd gida cdc thdnh vien trong gia finh, dfing hg ben nfii, bin ngoai va gia finh thfing gia co thl dugc nhdn bidt qua tang phuc vd nhdng ll vfit dang ciing trong
56 Nghiin Cliu Ddng Nam A 6/2012 ddm ma. Cdc eon trai di tang btf mp
thudng m$c quin do tring Idn trdi dugc khftu rit so sdi, diu quin khdn tang tring cfi hai dufii ddi vd phfa sau lUng, chyp md pMa trdn dugc ldm td rom hay dfiy chudi bdn ch^t Mnh trfin ddi trin diu, g$y chdng b&ng tre, qufo giiy tring. Con gii, con dfiu mfic do vdi tring ldn trdi, tfic bufing xfia pMa sau lung. Cfin con rd mfic quin io tring, khdn tring qul^ trfin trin diu. Cdc chdu mdc do tring hai tay Idn trdi, khdn tring quSax trfin trin diu. Nhdng ngUd bin hp ndi ciia ngUdi qud cd ddi khdn tang nhu con chdu cua ngUdi qud cd. Cfin nhdng ngudi bin hg ngoai mfic do tang tring, diu quSn khdn tang tring.
3.3. Ngi^M hdnh nghi tin ngiTdng truyin thd'ng
Trong xfi hdi Ndng Phdn Slinh, nhdng ngud thiy cung khfing thl tMdu vd rit dugc kinh trgng. Hp diu phdi tfin thd td sU cua minh vd thudng n&m trong mfit gia dinh Cling nhit dinh. Nhdng gia dlnh truyin td ddi ndy qua ddi khdc thudng cfi nhdng ndt khdc bidt nhfit dinh, nhdng quy dinh dng xd riing bifit so vdi cdc gia finh, dfing hg khdc. Mfic quan trgng ddnh diu thd film diu tiln ngudi dd td tham gia vdo gia dinh ciing Id ll thy gidi. Dfiy Id mdt nguyin tic cua nhdng ngud ldm thiy cung. NMn chung, sy Mnh thdnh vd phdt triln cua cdc gia finh ciing tUdng ty nhu sy Mnh thdnh vd phdt triln theo phd hfi cua cdc gia finh dfing hp, cfi cdc ddi xa ddi gin vdi cdc mdi quan hfi fing, bd, cha me, con chau, chut cMt,... Cfi nhiing dfing cdng hung thinh va cfi nhOfng dfing cung bi fi$t vong dan theo thdi gian.
Ngudi ldm nghi thiy Oing, mfit m$t thd t6 tiln vd tu cdch Id t6 su nhd minh, ddng thdi thd thiy cha, thiy mp trong dfing cdng cda minh. Theo kl dc dugc truydn l^i qua nMlu ddi cua mdt stf dfing tM sy hinh thdnh dfing cdng ciia hp dugc Iiy mdc td vi td sU diu tiln ldm nghi vd truyin nghi, sau dfi cdc cM nhdnh phdt triin qua nMlu ddi md Mnh thdnh nin dfing nghi. Trii qua thdi gian, cfi thl ngudi ta khfing cfin nhd dugc tin vi td sd diu tiln md chi nhd dugc tin dia danh qui huong cua cdc v) td su dugc cdc thd h$ luu truyin l^i qua nMlu ddi.
Vl CO bdn, cdc gia dlnh ciing dugc hinh thdnh nhu mfi Mnh gia dlnh vd dfing hp, nhung tdy theo quan nidm md sy Mnh thdnh vd phdt triin dia mfii dbng cung lai mang nhCtng ndt dfic thu rieng. Mgt thUC t i md chiing tfii thu nh$n dugc Id, rit it kM nhiing ngud dd vd dang Id thiy ciing Mdm kM truydn nghi oua minh cho n^ld ngodi gia dinh - dfing hp. Hg thudng truyin n ^ cho con trai trong gia dinh, ndu nhu trong gia dinh khfing cfi con trai tM sfi tim mpt ngud chdu trong hg ciia minh dl truydn nghi cho ngud dfi.
Quan hd gida thiy cung of ngud Nung Phdn SUnh dugc xfiy dung trin co sd quan hd gia finh vd cdc cip dp cha, fing, cu, ky, con... CMnh vi v§y, md mpt quy dinh nhit thdnh bit bidn Id ngUd trong mfit gia dinh khfing thl tu cip sic cho nhau duoc md nhit tMdt phdi Id ngud ngodi - ngodi dfing tfic. Trong mdt gia dinh thiy ciing lufin tdn tai mfi'i quan h$ gida cdc thd hp M, cy, oi^, cha, con, chdu, chut, cMt, anh, em... nhU trong mfit gia dinh the tyc.
Li Minh Anh - Tin ngudng thd ciing eiia ngudi NUng Phdn Slinh... 57 K^t lu$n
Tin ngudng thd cdng trong gia finh Id mfit ho^t ddng vdn hfia tinh thin cfi f ngMa quan trgng trong dd sdng ngud Nung Phdn SPmh d huydn Cao Ldc. Nhiing ngM ll thd cui^ trong gia dinh dugc ngudi Niing Phdn Slinh chd trpng, thudng cMdm mpt ty Id ldn trong nhiing thyc hdnh ngM ll ciia ddng bdo n d dfiy vd Id dip bilu Id, thit chfit hon mdi quan hd gia finh, dbng hp; ddng thd thl Mfin dfim ndt ydu td vfin hfia tdc ngud.
Tang ma Id mdt Mdn tugng vdn hfia tdm linh, dfing vai trb quan trgng trong ddi sdng vfin hfia ctia tfic ngUd NCmg Phdn Slinh. Nfi in chda nMlu gid tri vdn hfia trong gia dinh, dfing tpc npi ngoai vd cdng ddng, bilu Mln mIm tin vl tfin gido tin ngudng cua mgt cpng ddng tdc ngud. N ^ le trong tang ma thl Mln mdt quy tic dr^
xd gida cd nhan trong gia dinh, dfing tpc vd cpng ddng thfin ban. Thd dng xd dfi tao nin mdi giao udc vd nhdng quy tic khfing cM Uln quan den ngudi chet, md r&ng bufic ngud sdng vd nhau, bufic con ngud phdi cfi ngMa vy, trdch nMpm vdi cfing dfing.
NgM le tror^ ddm md Id mfit sinh boat thit chdt hon mfi'i quan hp tpc ngud vdi nhau, ddc bidt Id sU phan bidt dong hg nfii, hp ngoai qua ll vfit dang cdng.
Nhiing sinh hoat tin ngUdng thd cung ciia ngudi Nung Phdn Sinh dang Mdn hCfu Id sgi day xuyen sudt trong sU cd kit cdc thdnh viln trong gia dinh gia dinh, dfing hp. Cfin trong pham vi ldn hon Id cpng ddng tM nhdng shih hoat tin ngUSng nhu v$y dang tao nen sU cd ket cpng ddng tpc ngufii manh me vd filu ddc bilt kM no
chiu sy tdc ddng cda hfii nhip Mnh t l tM nhong smh ho^it tin ngudng truyin thdng 1^ hung thinh trd 1^ vd ldm sdng dfiy sy khing dfnh nhdng nfit khdc bifit trong sinh ho^t vdn hfia dl tdi khSng dinh ngudn gdc vd bdn sic vdn hfia tfic ngudi./.
T A I UfeU THAM K H A O 1. Cue Thing kd tinh Lang Son (2010),
Nigm gidm thing k@ tinh Lang Son 2009, Lgng Son.
2. Hodng Nam (1992), Ddn tfic Ndng 6 Vi^t Nam, Nxb. Vfin hfia Dfin tfic, Hd Nfii.
3. NguySn TM Ngfin (2010), "Quan ni$m vl hdn, linh hdn cua ngUdi Ndng Phdn Slinh b Thdi Nguygn", Tap chi NgMgn cdu Dfing Nam A, sd 6, Tr. 55 - 58.
4. Nguyin Thi Ngfin (2011), 'T6 chdc hdng phudng trong tang ma ciia ngUdi Ndng Phdn Slinh", Tap chi NgM&n cdu Dfing Nam A sd 1, Tr. 69 - 72.
5. Hodng TM TMpu (2002), "Thd ciing trong gia dinh ddng bdo NCing", Tap cM Ddn tfic vd Thd dai, sd 40, Tr.l3.
6. Nguyin Anh Tufih (2011), "Tang ma cua ngud Ndng Phdn Slinh", Tap chi Ddn tpc hpc, sd 6, tr. 36 - 46.
7. La \ ^ Lfi - Hd Vdn Thu (1984), Vdn hfia Tdy - Nfing, Nxb. Y&a hfia, Hd Nfii.
8. Hd Dinh Thdnh (2002), 'Tiu td tin ngudng tfin gido trong mpt sd tiuy^n ke ddn gian cua ngud Tdy, Ndng", Tap cM Ddn tpc hpc, sd3,Tr. 36-41.
9. Hodng Thi TM|u (2002), 'Thd cung trong gia dinh dong bdo Nting", Tap chi Ddn tfic vdThddai, sd40,Tr.l3.
10. Nguyin Thi Yen (2009), Tin ngUdng ddn gian Tdy, Ndng, Nxb. Khoa hoc Xa hoi, Hd Nfii.
