NGOAI GIAO CONG CHUNG CUA CONG HOA PHAP(*)

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NGOAI GIAO CONG CHUNG CUA CONG HOA PHAP(*)

• PGS, TS PHAiM MINH SON Hgc vi4n Bdo chi vd Tuyen truyen

• ThS NGUYEN THI TU HOA

• LE MINH H A N G Hgc vi^n Chinh tri quoc gia Hd Chi Minh

1. Chinh sach va cac co quan dam trach ngoai giao cong chung cua C$ng hoa Phdp

Trudc nam 2010, khdi mdm ngoai giao cdng chung vdn chua dupe Chinh phd Phap su dung chinh thuc nhung Phdp dd sdm cd nhdn thdc vg tam quan ttpng eda vigc xay dyng mdi quan he than tMdn, hpp tdc, tao dyng sy Meu bidt va tin tudng eda cdng chung ttong va ngoai nudc nhdm khdng ngung nang cao vi thg eda Phdp.

Nam 1999, Phap da thye Men nhung eai cdch mgnh me, ttong dd nhdn mgnh vide phd bign rdng rdi hon nua nhiing quan didm, ehinh sdeh, hinh dnh nude Phdp ddn nhdn ddn ttong vd ngodi nudc thdng qua cdc phuang tidn truygn thdng dgi chdng.

Song, cM ddn kM Nicolas Sarkozy - iing eu vien cua Dang UMP ddc cd Tdng thdng nam

2007 vdi cam kdt tdng cudng dnh hudng cua Phap tten hudng qudc td, ngogi giao edng ehung mdi chinh thue dupc ngMen cihi, xem xet todn didn. Nam 2010, chinh quydn Nicolas Sarkozy dd dua ra mpt cMen lupc mdi dd thue ddy ngogi giao cdng chung. Ldn ddu tien, khdi nidm ngoai giao cdng chung dupe Bernard Kouchner, Bd trudng Bd Ngogi giao Phdp ndu: ngoai giao cdng ehung Id mot bp pb$n khdng thg tdch rdi eda hogt ddng ngoai giao ndi chung nhdm bdo ddm mdi trudng thuan lpi eho Phdp thuc Men thanh cdng cde chmh sdch va Ipi ich qudc gia. Trong dd, bdn chinh sach ngogi giao cdng chdng ldn md Phdp chii ttpng day mgnh mdt cdch chuygn nghidp, bdi ban vdi sy tham gia cua mpi ihdnh phan ttong xd hdi, do la: dgy tidng Phdp d nudc ngoai, hd ttp phdt tridn cMnh thiic, ngogi giao van hda vd qudn 1^ ttao ddi sinh vien, nha n ^ g n eiiu vd chuydn gia. Day la nhung ehinh sdch ed vai ttd quan ttpng ttong vide tdng cudng dnh hirdng quang bd hinh dnh eda Phdp ra tiig gidi, tu dd gdp phdn thyc Men mdt chinh sdch ddi ngoai Mdu qud hon, tuong tde nMgu hon.

(*) Nghign cdu n^y dupc tai trp bdi Quy phat trign khoa hpc va cdng nghe quoc gia (NAFOSTED) trong Dg tai ma s6 Vl.2-2012.09.

LfLUANCHfNHTRI-Sdl/2016

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Cac ca quan tfauc hien ngoai giao edng chung:

-Bg Ngoai giao

Trdeh nMem chinh ttong viec qudng bd hinh anh cua Phdp d nudc ngoai Id eda Bp Ngoai giao. Bd Ngpgi giao da tgo ra ede mgng ludi uy ban hen nganh qudc td (Corinte) nhdm xdc dinh mdt cMdn luoe banh ddng todn cdu.

Dd la mang ludi cdc co quan dgi didn eda Phdp d nudc ngoai ldn thu 2 the gidi (sau My) vdi 163 dai su quan, 4 van phdng cM idianh ngogi giao, 92 tdng Idnh su va lanh su, 26 doan dgi bidu thudng true tgi edc td ehde qudc td, gan 16.500 nhdn vidn.

BO Ngoai giao Phap ciing d$c bidt chu ttpng phdt ttidn mang ludi hdnh ddng van hda va hpp tdc. Theo sd lieu cua Bd Ngogi giao Phdp, tinh dgn thdng 1-2012, mang ludi nay cd 8 nghin ngudi d 161 bo phan hpp tac va hanh dpng vdn hda thude edc CO quan dai didn ngogi giao Phdp d nude ngodi, 159 vien nghien cuu vdn hda Phap va cac tnmg tdm vdn hda Phap d 92 qudc gia, 445 co sd cua AUiance Francaise (Lidn Mdp tidng Phdp), 494 trudng vdi chuong ttmh tidng Phdp, 155 van phdng Campus France Agency (co quan quang ba du bpc Phdp), 70 van phdng va dai didn Td chuc phdt tridn Phap (French Development Agency - AFD) d 90 nude, 23 vidn ngMen eiiu va 14 vdn phdng cM nhdnh va 161 khu trudng Phdp. Dae bidt, ed khodng 150 ed vdn nudc ngoai vg van hda vd khoa hpe ttong cdc coquan dgi didn cua Phdp d nudc ngoai.

-Trung tam Vin hda Phip

Trung tam Vdn hda Phdp chiu ttdeh nM^m thyc Mdn cdc boat ddng ngoai giao vdn hda cua Phdp d nudc ngodi dudi sy giam sat eda Bd Ngogi giao. Trung tam nay cd vai trd nhu la

"dng ddn" eho chinh sdeh ngoai giao inh

hudngeuaPhap ttong khudn khd nhiing chinh sdch va uu tien cua CMnh phu. Cu thd la cd nMdm vu thuc day anh hirdng eua Phdp ra nudc ngodi thdng qua ddi thogi vdi cac ndn vdn hda nudc ngoai vd thuc Men chinh sdch Idng nghe ddi tdc va cdi md vdi cde ndn vdn hda tten thg gidi; gdp phdn thuc day ngdn ngu, tu tudng va tri thiic Phdp, ciing nhu dao tgo nhdn vien cua mgng ludi vdn hda Phdp; tigp ddn cdc dodn vdn boa nudc ngoai den Phap...

- Hiep hdi Giio due Phip a nude ngoai (AEFE)

Hidp hdi Gido due Phdp dnudc ngoai (AEFE) dupc thdnh lap nam 1990, thudc sy qudn \^ cua Bd Ngoai giao. Hiep hdi nay cimg vdi Uy ban Thg tuc Phdp (MLF) chiu ttdch nMdm quan ly, ho ttp vd vdn hanh mang ludi 480 co sd giao due tu bdc tigu hpc den trung hpe phd thdng eda Phdp dupc thanh lap d 130 nudc.

NMem vu cua AEFE la cung cdp gido due cdng eho tte em ed qudc tieh Phdp sdng d nudc ngoai (khodng 40% tdng sd hpc sinh cdc co sd nay) va tte em cdc nudc, cdng cd moi quan he giira Phdp vd he thdng gido dye nude ngoai, gdp phdn md rpng vdn hda va ngdn ngu Phdp ra thd gidi, eung cdp vien ttp eho gido due tte em Phdp.

- Ca quan quing bi du hgc Phip (Campus France Agency)

Day la mdt td chuc edng (EPIC) dupc thanh lap nhdm hd tro thdng tin cho smh vien, chuyen gia, nhd ngMdn cdu nudc ngodi mudn hpe tap, ngMen ciiu tai Phap.

Co quan quang bd du hpe Phdp cd 155 van phdng d nudc ngoai, gpi la "Espaee" vd 78 cM nhdnh d 119 nudc vdi hon 350 nhan vidn nhdm cung cap cho hpc sinh qudc td nhiing dieh vu lien quan dgn vide hpc tap d Phdp; td ehue cdc sy kien tiiuc ddy du hpc Phdp d edc nudc, nhdt la gido dye dgi hpe trong cdc td ehuc dia phuong.

LYLUAN CHINH TRI-Sol/2016

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- Tdehuc phit triin Phip (Agency Francaise De'velopment -AFD)

AFD la td chiie dieu hanh co che tai chinh phat trien song phuong eua Chinh phd Phdp, dupe thdnh lap nam 1941, cd nMem vu la tdi tip phat trien theo chinh sdch ho tto phdt trign nudc ngodi cua Phdp. Cde boat ddng cua AFD nhdm giam ddi ngheo va bdt binh ddng, thuc ddy tdng trudng kinh te dn dinh va bdo vd lpi ieh "nhiing gid tri chimg toan cdu" den todn nhdn loai. AFD cflng chiu ttach nMem quan ly Co sd mdi trudng todn edu Phdp (GEF) vdi nhung dy an gidi quydt mdi quan he giiia phdt trien va mdi trudng.

AFD ed mgng ludi 70 cM nhdnh va dai dign d edc nude phdt tridn vd edc dia phdn hdi ngogi eua Phdp vdi 1.742 nhdn vidn, 711 nhan vien lam vide ttong ede van phdng khu vye. Hien AFD hd ttpphdt tridn edc dy dn dhon 90 nude.

- Unitance

Unifranee Id td chiie ebiu ttdeh nMem viec quang bd vd xudt khdu dien dnh Phdp ra nudc ngoai; td chuc Udn hoan phim Phdp ldn nhdt tai Paris vao thdng Gidng hdng ndm va lam ndi bgt cac sdn pham cua didn dnh Phdp tgi cdc lign hoan phim ldn ttdn thd gidi (Carmes, Toronto, Beriin, Hong Kong, Los Angeles) vatd chdc hen hoan phim Phdp d cdc nude tten thd gidi (My, Trung Qudc, Brazil, Nhdt Ban, Anh, Nga, Caddextan, An Dp...).

- TV France International

Day la mdt Mdp hpi thuong mai thue day cac chuong ttinh truydn hinh Phdp trdn toan thd gidi thdng qua vide ban cac chuong trinh nay ra nudc ngoai vd tao dieu kien hpp tdc sdn xudt qude te. Hiep hpi dupe tiianh lap vdo nam 1995 vd dupc hd ttp bdi Trung tdm didn dnh qude gia (CNC). Hien Hiep hdi ed 150 edng ty thdnh vidn, gdm edc nhd sdn xudt, nhd phdn phdi.

-Trung tam Bio ehi nude ngoii Day la noi ridp nhdn va cung edp hg tdng, tMdt bi ldm viec chuyen ngMep cho cdc nhd bao nudc ngodi nhdm tgo thu^n lpi cho cdng vide cua hp tgi Phap. CAPE cd gdng lam hai Idng cdc nha bao nudc ngoai nhu "mpt ngdi nha chung tidn lpi vd ehuyen nghiep", tu do gdp phan xay dyng binh anh nude Phdp, ttanh thu tMen cam, sy ung bp cua hp ddi vdi nudc Phdp.

Thdng qua viec t6 chuc cdc hdi nghi, cdc budi hpp bdo vg cde van de ngpgi giao vd qudc te, CAPE cd nhiem vy dinh hudng va eung cdp, giup dd phdng vien nudc ngodi tiep can nhiing thdng tm ehmh thdng tu Chinh phd Phdp vg cdc vdn dg ma hp quan tdm.

2. Cac linh vyc hoat dong cua ngoai giao cong chung Cpng hoa Phap

Mot la, truyin tiidngqudc ti

CMnh phd Phdp coi cac phuong tien truyen thdng la nhiing cdng cy quan ttpng ttong cudc cMen thu hut du lugn va gay dnh budng dgn cae qudc gia khdc. Trong dd, phat thanh truygn binh dupc Chinh phu Phap ddc biet coi ttpng de thyc Men nhiing muc tieu ngoai giao cdng chdng cua mmh. Agence France-Presse (AFP) la hang thdng tan lau ddi nhdt the gidi, dupc thanh lap tu ndm 1835. Hidn nay, AFP la hdng thdng tdn ldn thii 3 thd gidi (dung sau AP va Reuters), chuydn tdi thdng tin nhanh va toan dien vd cdc sy kien tten thg gidi tir cMen ttanh, xung dot ddn chinh tri, thd thao, giai tri vd nhiing tti thuc khoa hpc mdi nhdt ttong Unh vyc cdng nghd, khoa hpc vd sue khde. Ngodi try sd chinh dgt tgi Pgri, AFP cd 200 vdn phdng d 150 nude vdi 2.260 cpng tdc vidn. AFP phu sdng khdp chau A, chau Au, chdu PM, Bdc My, Nam My vdi nMdu thii tigng.

Gdn 50% kuih pM hogt ddng cua AFP tir ngudn ngan sach cua Chinh phu. Do dd, Chinh

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phd Phdp cd nhiing can thiep nhat dinh ttong hoat dOng eda AFP. Ddng thdi, Chinh phd cdn thdng qua edng ty cd phdn France Mddias Monde dg qudn ly 3 kenh truyen thdng dgi chiing toan cdu cua Phdp: Dai phat thanh qudc td Phap (Radio France Internationale RFI), kenh Truydn hmh tin tdc France 24 va Ddi phat thanh Monte Carlo Douahya. Ba kdnh nay phat sdng tu Pari dgn 5 chdu lyc bdng 14 ngdn ngu vdi 24 tridu lupt ngudi xem mdi thdng.

Ld tidng ndi cua Chinh phu, RFI cd nMem vu cung cdp thdng tin vd giai tMch dudng ldi, chinh sach ddi ngogi eug Phap ddn cdng chung ttong va ngoai nudc. Ddng thdi, RFI cd trdch nMdm ddng gdp vao sy phd bien vdn hda Phap thdng qua vide tMdt kd vd san xudt cdc chirong trinh phdt thanh bdng tigng Phdp hodc tigng nudc ngoai ddnh cho khdn gid nudc ngoai cu tru d Phdp va d nudc ngoai. RFI Id mot trong nhung ddi phdt thanh qudc td ed luong thinh gid ldn nhdt thg gidi.

Ddi phdt thanh Monte Carlo Doualiya ehuyen san xudt nhiing chuong trinh tidng A rap dg phat sdng rdng rdi ddn cdng ehdng khdp Trung Ddng va Bdc PM... Chinh phu Phdp thuc Men nhdt qudn vide quang ba hmh anh nudc Phdp ra thd gidi thdng qua viec qudn ly thdng nhdt cdc chirong trinh truydn hinh ttong nudc phdt sdng ra nudc ngoai.

Ngodi ra, thdng qua cde tdp doan, cdng ty nha nudc, Chinh phd Phdp chd ddng tigp can vd ndm giu cd phdn ttong cdc phuong tien truyen thdng qude td nhu mang ludi truyen hinh toan cau TV5M0NDE, Tap cM Le bancais dans le monde... nhdm bdo ddm vide dinh hirdng thdng tin, qudng bd Mnh anh nude Phap tten todn cau mdt each Meu qud.

Hai la, cic chuong trinh trao ddi van hda, giao due

Ndi dung cdt ydu cua ehinh sdeh ngoai giao cdng chung cua Phdp la uu tidn qudng bd ngdn ngu, vdn hda, gido due Phdp ra nudc ngodi dya vao cac trung tdm vdn hda Phap, cdc trung tdm vd vien ngMdn cuu d nude ngoai...

Thdng qua chinh sdch ngogi giao song phuong vdi cde nudc, CMnh phd Phdp tang cudng su Men dien d nudc ngoai qua cac dy an hpp tdc quang bd tieng Phdp ttong he thdng gido dye d nudc sd tgi. Ddng thdi, ttong chinh sdch ngoai giao da phuong eda minh, Phdp thdc day thanh lap Td chiie phdp ngu qudc te (the Mtemational ./^ency of La Francophome - lOF) vao nam 1970 nhdm dua edc nudc ndi tidng Phap xich lgi gan nhau nhu mpt cdng ddng cMnh tri, cMa se nhung gjd tri chung va quang bd tigng Phdp, sy da dgng vdn hda vi muc tieu phat trign vd thinh vupng.

Gdn day, Bd Ngoai giao Phap ciing dd xay dyng mpt ehuong ttinh dac biet dg thdc day chd ngMa da ngdn ngu va tidng Phdp d chau Au, tap trung vdo 2 chinh sach ehd ydu: chinh sdch qudng bd tidng Phdp ttong cdc td chuc cua Lien minh chdu Au va chinh sdch thuc day da ngdn ngu va tidng Phdp ttong he thdng giao due Lien minh chau Au.

Ben egnh dia ban eMen luoc la chau Au, Bd Ngogi giao Phdp edng dd xdy dyng mdt sd chuong tiinh hpp tde khu vyc, ehd ydu d chau PM,BdeMy, chau A, My Latinh va viing Caribe, do day Id nhiing khu vuc cd tiem ndng tang tiirdng ldn sdlupng ngudi ndi tidng Phdp, tidng Phap ngay cang dupe lya chpn de giang day ttpng cac CO sd gido due dia phuong.

Ddc bidt, kM sd lupng ngudi Phdp sdng d ngodi nude Phdp ngdy edng tdng, CMnh phu Phdp dd chd dpng thidt kg chirong trinh "tigng Phdp ngdn ngu thu nhat" danh cho tie em Phdp va nhiing ngudi hai qudc tich, nhdm tgo

LfLUAN CHfNH TRI-So 1/2016

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CO hdi cho cdng ddn Phdp tten khdp thg gidi dupc tiep can vdi ngdn ngu vd vdn hda Phdp.

Bdn cgnh nhiing chuong ttmh, hogt dOng qudng bd ngdn ngu, Bd Ngoai giao Phdp van hdnh mdt mgng ludi rpng ldn cac co sd va bd phan van hda Phap dnudc ngodi, tgo dung sy hdn kdt chat che vdi cac ddi tdc dia phuang dd quang bd van hda Phap ddn ddng dao cdng ehung tten toan thg gidi.

Hdng nam, mang ludi van hda Phdp d nudc ngoai td chiic khodng 50 nghin sy kien van hda de dua cdc gia tri vdn hda Phdp duong dai den cdng chdng tten khdp thd gidi, giao liru va tdng cudng sy Mgu bidt ldn nhau giua cdc ngn ran hda.

Chinh phd Phdp thudng xuygn phdi hpp vdi chinh phu cdc nudc vd ddi tdc dia phuong td chiic Nam van hda Phdp d cde nude (the Year of France) vdi hang ttam su kidn ttong cde liiih vye nghp thuat, khoa hpc, gido due vd kmh doanh.

Ngupe Igi, Phdp cflng cdi md ddn nhdn sy ddc ddo eua eac ndn van hda khdc vd thue day da dgng van hda thdng qua vide td ehiic ede su kien xuydn van hda "Cae mua vdn hda dPhdp" (Sea- sons m France). Nhung chuong trinh ttao ddi, giao luu van hda nay thyc sy la nhitng edng cu Meu qua eda ngogi giao edng chung.

Ba la, viin tra phit trien

Vien ttp phdt trign Id mdt phan quan ttpng cua ehinh sach ddi ngogi ndi chung, cua ngogi gigp cdng ehdng Phap ndi rieng.

Thdng qua Co quan phdt tridn Phdp (AFD), CO quan ddng vai ttd ttpng tdm cua vien ttpphdt tridn Phdp tgi cdc nude dang phdt tridn va cd nMem vy tai ttp, ket ndi edc td chiie pM chinh phd Phdp (PCP), Phdp dd tang cirdng ngudn lyc cho cde PCP thuc Men Mdu qud todn dien cac dy dn phdt trign d khdp noi tten thg gidi.

Ddc biet, dudi thdi Tdng thdng Francois Hol- lande (tu nam 2012), chinh sdch vien tto phdt

tridn cua Phap cd nMeu ddi mdi. Vien tto phdt ttidn cua Phdp Men nay tap tnmg vao ba uu tidn: an ninh, mdi trudng va phdt tridn kinh te cho cdc qudc gia dang ed nhu cdu, vdi dieu kien ddi tupng thy hudng phai ddng y tudn thd eac yeu cdu cua ngn dan chu, tang cirdng phdp quygn va thue day quygn cua phu nu. Ddy la dmh hirdng dau tien vg chinh sdch vien tip phdt trign vd doan kdt qudc td cua Phdp nhdm thde ddy dnh hudng kinh td, ngogi giao vd van hda eiia Phap tten trudng qudc td, nhat la d nudc ndi tieng Phap.

Nhiing ndm qua, Phdp la nha tai ttp ODA ldn thu 4 thd gidi, ddng gdp khodng 10 ty Euro hang ndm (9.348 tridu Euro ndm 2011), va Idn thuhai thd gidi vg phdn ttdm Tdng thu nhgp qude gia GNI (0,46% nam 2011 sau Anh 0,56%). Trong dd, chau PM la khu vyc nhan dupc nMgu ODA eua Phap nhdt (55%), rieng cdc nudc thudc khu vyc Can Sahara cMdm 41%.

Ngoai ra, Bd Ngoai giao Phdp phdi hpp vdi cac ben hd trp nhiing du dn hpp tde giua chinh quygn dia phuong Phdp vd nude ngodi ttong linh vyc vdn hda, gido dye, phdt tridn bdn viing vd kinh tg. Hidn ed hem 13 ngMn du an hpp tdc duoc thyc hidn tai 145 nudc ttdn the gidi.

Cho ddn nay, Phdp dd ttidn khai kha todn dien tren quy md ldn cde hogt d^ng ngogi giao cdng chung, tidp cdn vd chinh phuc nigm tin cua cdng chung qudc td tu nhigu khia canh. Ddc bigt, ngogi giao edng chiing Phdp da cd chidn lupc, dinh hudng va ttpng tdm, ttpng digm rd rdng. Ngdn ngu, van hda dupc dge bi0t eoi ttpng vd Id nhdn td gdy dnh hudng chd dgo trong ngogi giao cdng chdng Phdp ttdn CO sd ung dung linh hogt, hieu qua edng nghd sd vd cac phuong tien truyen thdng dgi ehung hidn dai •

LfLUAN CHfNH TR!-S£ 1/2016