LAY VIEC XAY DUNG VA PHAT TRIEN CON NGUCil
L A M M U C T I E U Cd BAN
THANHDUT
Noi din nin van hoa nhan van hay nhan ban, trudc hit phai ndi den vi trf con ngudi va quan niem vl con ngudi cua nin van hoa iy. Da cd nhilu bai viit ban ve van hoa va vi tri con ngudi trong thdi dai dang c6 su phat triln manh me ciia khoa hpc va cong nghe nhung cung din din nhung song gio de doa con ngudi. Nen bi quan hay nen lac quan trudc nhiing thay dii ky dieu cua khoa hpc va cong nghe, dac biet la khoa hpc, cong nghe thong tig viln thong vdi mang internet da phat triln rpng rai.
Vdi nhan dl bai viit: Binh minh cua ky thudt hay hodng hon ciia vdn hod, tac gia bai viit (Nguyin Hoang Diic) da nhie din mpt cau noi thii vi cua Chu tich Vien Han lam Khoa hpc Lien Xo: 'Niu con nguoi Id thuac do vgn vgt, thi vdn hod Id thuac do nhdn tinh ciia thi giai "^ Phan anh thai dp bi quan trudc nhung thay ddi, tac gia bai viit nhie din quan dilm cua vien sT Rausenbac, ngudi dat nen mdng cho ten lira Lien Xo, nhu sau: ''Truac tinh hinh cdc he thdng ddm bdo cho cupc song tren todn cdu bi suy thodi, su cdn bdng ve ndng lugng, nguyen lieu, thuc pham, sinh thdi, ddn so bi phd va, cdc to chuc ca cdu mafia dugc thiet lap a khdp nai... toi chia se nhiing quan diem bi quan nhdt ve su sup do khong tranh khoi cua nen vdn minh hien nay, mac dii toi la nguai lac quan..." Do la tieng noi chan thanh cua ngudi tri thiic da gdp phan tao nen binh minh cua ky thuat nhung lai lo ngai cho su xudng cap ciia van hoa. Cung cd the khdng phai la tieng noi ca biet ma con nhieu ngudi co chung nPi lo nhu the. Tham chi con co nhung tin don thong qua nhiing ngudi menh danh la "nha tien tri" bay td sir bi quan ve the gidi va so phan cua nhan loai trudc ngudng cira nen van minh mdi.
Qua la the gidi dang dung trudc nhung mau thuan, nhung bit cap, nin van minh mdi dang CO hien tupng khong tuong xung gifl-a hien tupng vdi ban chit, thude do eiia van hoa CO liic da khong phan anh diing vdi vai trd cua nd la thude do nhan tinh. Do la mpt su thuc, song chic chan nhan loai se cd nhirng giai phap khic phuc nhim can bing hien tupng vdi ban chat, nham dua van hoa trd lai vai trd thude do nhan tinh cua no doi vdi the gidi!
De van hoa thuc sir trd thanh thude do nhan tinh thi ban than mdi nen van hoa phai la van hoa mang ban chat nhan van, nhan ban, nen nhan thiic nhu the nao ve thuc trang nen van hoa mang ban chat nhan van, hoac ddi hoi nhu the nao ve mpt nen van hoa mang ban chat nhan van, nhan ban.
' PGS.TS.; Vien Khoa hoc Xa hpi Viet Nam.
' Xem www, chumta. com ngay 04/9/2008.
10 Nghiin ciiu Con ngudi s6 3 (54) 2011
Quan niem mai...
Vdi Nghi quyet Hpi nghi Trung uong 5 khoa VIII va sau do la cac Nghi quylt Hpi nghi Trung uong cac khoa IX va X, trong khi de cap den viec xay dung nen van hoa Viet Nam tien tien, dam da ban sac dan tpc, Dang Cpng san Viet Nam da ndi ro muc tieu nhan van tat ca vi con ngudi, tuy cac nghi quyet chua the dat ra nhung nguyen tic ling xir nhan tinh mpt each cu the ddi vdi van hoa va con ngudi trong thdi dai mdi.
Dd ciing la thdi dai bung n l khoa hpc, cong nghe thong tin va van hoa dan din hien tupng con ngudi dupc tu do hon nhung cung din din sir tu do tuyet dii khong kilm soat dupc nhimg hanh vi thieu nhan tinh trong sir dung van hoa. Nhung ngudi lo ngai thudng bi quan khi thay con ngudi ngay cang cd hien tupng suy thoai dao dire, nhan each van hoa, sp rang chiiih vi su bimg no van hoa khien con ngudi khong con kiem soat dupc ban than dan den nhung hanh vi thieu dao diic khi sir dung cac cong cu van hoa. Dd la mpt thuc te hien nhien. Nhung, vdi nhiing ngudi lac quan thi thay mpi viec au tiT ban dau sdm mudn cflng se qua di, con ngudi se trd nen binh tTnh hon, chin chan hon, CO y thiic ro hon trong viec sir dung van hoa vao muc tieu phat trien nhan tinh, xay dung xa hpi va van hoa mang ban chat nhan van tat ca vi con ngudi, cho con ngudi.
Do ciing la thdi dai con ngudi dang can do tim nhirng cau tnic mdi ve he thong chinh tri toan ciu hoa dan din nhimg quan diem khac nhau ve gia tri van hoa, van minh. Dieu nay thi hien ro nhit khi xay ra hien tupng khimg hoang tai chinh toan cau, con ngudi khong con tin d chu nghTa tu ban thi trudng niia, nhung nlu khong cdn gia tri cua chu nghia tu ban thi trudng thi con ngudi se tin vao gia tri nao trong the gidi tuong lai. Cau hoi chua co ldi giai, ma cflng khong dl co ldi giai. Nhung chic chin con ngudi se tim dupc ldi giai thdng qua nhirng trai nghiem cua luong tam va tri tue. Dd la thdi dai con ngudi dang cin tim din mpt chu nghia nhan van mdi, dii cdn nhung y kien khac nhau nhung van nli bat hien tupng bimg n l van hoa dan din nhu eau phai thay ddi he thong chinh tri thi gidi cho phii hpp vdi thdi dai con ngudi tilp can vdi nen van minh mdi nhan van hon. NIU van hoa la thude do nhan tinh thi chinh thdi dai mdi - thdi dai bung nl van hoa, bung nd thong tin, bung nl tri tue... dang doi hdi con ngudi co npi luc van hoa phai bilu hien nhan tinh hon, nhan van hon. Do chinh la yeu ciu xay dung nen van hoa mdi thuc sir tien tiln, thuc su dam da ban sic dan tpc, thuc sir vi con ngudi va tat ca cho con ngudi, vi con ngudi.
D I thuc hien duoc muc tieu neu tren, vin dl khong chi don thuin la van hoa theo nghTa hep ma phai quan niem van hoa theo nghTa rpng, nghTa la van hoa gan liln vdi he thing chinh tri, vdi ban chit nhan van ciia moi ehi dp xa hpi nhu dilu kien dam bao cho van hoa mang nhan tinh phat triln. Do do, noi din van hoa la ndi din chinh sach van hoa ma ndi din chinh sach van hoa thi phai hiiu la chinh sach iy duoc bao dam bdi chi dp xa hpi nao.
Vdi chiing ta, duong nhien van hoa mang nhan tinh vdi yeu ciu phat trien chii nghTa nhan van mdi theo tu tudng Ho Chi Minh chi co thi ra ddi va phat triln trong xa hpi xa hpi chii nghTa.
Khai niem nhan van, nhan dao hay nhan ban ra ddi tir lau trong Uch sir nhan loai gan liln vdi cae trao luu trilt hpc, cac ton giao va cac ITnh vuc khoa hpc xa hpi. Co nhieu
quan niem khac nhau vl khai niem nhan van, nhan dao hay nhan ban, rihung nhin chung nhu:ng ngudi sir dung cac khai niem tren diu mudn thi hien quan dilm tdn trpng con ngudi, phim gia va quyin con ngudi, cham lo din hanh phiic va tao lAung dieu kien cho con ngudi phat triln toan dien. Tuy nhien, ehi din thdi ky phat triln ehu nghTa tu ban, tu tudng nhan van (sau day chiing tdi chi dung mpt khai niem nhan van) mdi quy tu nhung npi dung co ban mang y thiic he giai cip tu san chdng che dp phong kien va nhung quan dilm thin hpc cua giao hpi nhim dl cao quyin tu do ca nhan con ngudi.
Chu nghTa nhan van tu san da dat din trinh dp cao khi each mang tu san dl ra khiu hieu Tu do, Binh ddng, Bde di va dac biet khi xuit hien thdi ky Phuc hung vdi su ra ddi nhung nha van hoa, nha khoa hpc, nha nghe thuat vT dai. Song, chu nghTa nhan van tu san cflng co nhflng han chi do no chi dua vao chi dp tu huru tu san va chii nghTa ca nhan lam CO sd. Do do, no lam niy sinh nhung mau thuan khi xa hpi phan chia giai cap ngay cang sau sic khiln cho nhan van vdi ngudi nay lai phan nhan van vdi ngudi khac, xa hpi khong the on dinh, phan hoa giiia con ngudi ngay cang ro ret.
Chi din thdi ky chu nghTa Mac ra ddi, quan niem vl nhan van va ehu nghia nhan van mdi CO CO sd khoa hpc viing chac. Trong Tuyen ngon cita Ddng Cpng sdn. Mac, Angghen da noi din viec ra ddi mpt xa hpi mdi "trong do sir phat trien tu do cua moi ngudi la dilu kien cho sir phat trien tu do cua tit ca mpi ngudi"^. Bieu hien cao nhit cua chii nghTa nhan van cpng san la ly tuang gidi phong loai nguod, xay dung mpt xa hpi mdi, xa hpi chii nghTa lay viec giai phdng con ngudi, xoa bo ap biic bde lot va ngheo nan lac hau lam muc tieu co ban.
Khi tiep can vdi hpc thuyet Mac, Ho Chi Minh khang dinh ngay: "Chi cd chu nghTa cpng san mdi ciiu nhan loai, dem lai cho mpi ngudi khdng phan biet chiing tpc va nguon goe su tu do, binh dang, bac ai, doan ket, am no tren qua dat, viec lam cho mpi ngudi va vi mpi ngudi, niem vui, hoa binh, hanh phiic, ndi tdm lai la nen cpng hoa the gidi chan chinh, xoa bd nhflng bien gidi tu ban chu nghTa cho den nay chi la nhiing vach tudng dai ngan can nhiing ngudi lao dpng tren the gidi hieu nhau va yeu thuong nhau" , Tu do, Ngudi giac ngp the gidi quan mac-xft, tim duoc con dudng giai phdng dan tpc Viet Nam theo hudng tien bd gdn dpc lap ddn tgc vai chii nghia xd hpi.
Song, Hd Chi Minh khong chi tiep thu nhung gia tri cua chu nghTa nhan van mac-xft ma Ngudi cdn tiep thu tinh hoa ciia chii nghTa nhan van truyen thdng d ca phuong Dong va phuong Tay, hinh thanh mpt quan niem mdi ve chu nghTa nhan van mang dam dau an rieng cua Ngudi, ket hop dupc giua tam va vat, giu:a ly tudng, hoai bao va dieu kien thuc te cho con ngudi song hanh phiic.
Nhu vay, chu nghTa nhan van HP Chi Minh duong nhien cd ngudn gdc tir chu nghTa nhan van truyen thong va chu nghTa nhan van mac-xit, nhung trong qua trinh hoat dpng each mang, Ngudi da bd sung, bien doi va hoan thien nd tren co sd quy tu nhung gia tri tinh hoa ciia chu nghTa nhan van nhan loai ddng thdi nang nd len tam cao mdi cho phii
^ Mac, Angghen: Tuyin tap, Nxb. Sir that. Ha Noi, 1980, T.l, tr. 569.
' H6 Chi Minh: Toan tap, Nxb. Chinh trj qu6c gia. Ha Npi, 1995, T. 1, tr. 461.
I 2 Nghien ciiu Con ngu6l s63 (54) 2011
Quan niem mai.
hop vdi thdi dai phat trien chu nghTa xa hpi mang tfnh toan cau. Dd la chii nghia nhan van mdi theo tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ddng thdi la ban chit chi dp xa hpi chu nghTa ma Hd Chi Minh quan niem va phan dau xay dung tren dit nudc ta. Cd thi tom tit nhung dac diem co ban cua chii nghTa nhan van mdi ay nhu sau:
1. Mot birdc nhan thirc dot pha trong quan niem chu nghla nhan van
Tiep thu truyin thong nhan van ciia dan tpc Viet Nam va phuang Ddng noi chung.
Ho Chi Minh ra di tim dudng ciiu nudc vdi hanh trang chi co nilm tin vao con ngudi, tiic cai tam ciia chii nghia nhan van. Khi din vdi thi gidi van minh phuong Tay, cai tam nhan van ay dan dan duoc rpng md, tiep nhan them anh sang nhan van tu san thong qua khau hieu Tu do, Binh ddng, Bde di ciia each mang tu san. Song, Ngudi cflng thiy nhflng han che cua chu nghTa nhan van tu san trong quan niem giai phdng eon ngudi.
Khi tiep can vdi hpc thuylt Mac, Ngudi tim thiy chi co chu nghTa cpng san mdi giai phong dupc loai ngudi. Song, Ngudi cflng thiy cd ch§ con chua thich hpp cua chu nghTa nhan van mac-xit.
Tir cai tam nhan van dupc trang bi tir que huong, Hd Chi Minh da hoan thien din thanh chu nghTa rihan van mdi phu hop vdi thdi dai van minh tu san ding thdi tilp can vdi van minh vd san. Nhung, du sao cai tam ay chi mdi the hien mpt nilm tin vao con ngudi, van chua du manh de co the hudng tdi giai phong con ngudi nhu muc tieu cao ca cua chu nghTa cpng san. Phai den khi gap ban Sa thdo ludn cuang vi cdc vdn di ddn tpc vd thuoc dia cua Lenin, Ho Chi Minh mdi dupc ciing co them cai tam thuc te trong viec giai phdng dan tpc va giai phdng con ngudi. Nhung, du sao cai tam mang theo hanh dpng ay van chi dimg lai d the gidi phuong Tay, chua thay con dudng trd vl phuong Dong va Viet Nam nhu the nao. Day la thdi ky Ho Chi Minh phai suy nghT nhieu de van dung sang tao hpc thuyet Mac Lenin nham tim mpt con dudng di thich hop vdi dieu kien ciia cac dan tpc cdn lac hau chua qua giai doan phat trien chu nghTa tu ban nhu Viet Nam.
Phai thu:a nhan rang Hd Chi Minh khong chi thay ban che cua chu nghia nhan van tu san ma con thay ca ch6 chua thich hpp cua chu nghTa nhan van mac-xit trong pham vi giai phong con ngudi khi Ngudi phat hien ra chd han che cua hpc thuyet Mac la hinh thanh tren co sd lich sir phuong Tay ma phuong Tay thi chua phai toan the nhan loai.
H I Chi Minh da tim each bo sung bang dan tpc hpc phuong Dong, khi dl ra khau hieu mdi: Lao dpng tdt cd cdc nuoc, dodn ket Igi I thay cho khau hieu: Vo sdn tdt cd cdc nuac, dodn ket Igi! cita Mac va khau hieu Vo sdn tdt cd -cdc nuac vd cdc ddn tpc thupe dia, dodn ket Igi! eua Lenin.
Khiu hieu dd ra ddi tir diu nam 1923 khi Ngudi cd dong mua bao Nguai cung.kho.
Nhu vay la, Hd Chi Minh da md rpng cai tam giai phong con ngudi tir mue tieu giai phong dan tdc din giai phong giai cip rli tir giai cip vd san len toan the nhflng ngudi lao dpng tren hanh tinh- Cai tam dupc md rpng cflng cd nghTa la chu nghTa nhan van dupc md rpng.
Vdi Ho Chi Minh, nlu thi gidi la thing nhit thi ly tudng giai phdng loai ngudi cua Mac nhu mpt chan ly thdi dai cflng phai cd su thdng nhat. Do do, khdng le gi nd chi eo
tae dung giai phdng giai cip vd san ma thuc chit la giai cip cdng nhan hien dai, ma khdng dat muc tieu giai phong loai ngudi trong dd cd ndng dan, tri thiic ya nhieu giai cip lao dpng khac. Trong thuc tl, chinh Mac va Angghen cung da thiy mudn giai phong giai cip vd san phai giai phdng toan thi xa hpi, song cd thi vi chua tilp can vdi the gidi phuong Ddng, cac dng cdn han chi khi dua ra khau hieu.
Cflng tir do, Hd Chf Minh cdn phat hien thiy han chi cua QuSc ti thu nhdt chi coi chu nghTa xa hpi danh rieng cho ngudi da tring, trong khi do cac dan tdc phuong Dong vdi hang ty ngudi lao dpng van phai chiu canh ap biic, bde lot cua chu nghTa thuc dan vin tir phuang Tay tdi. Phat hien cua Lenin vl cac vin dl dan tpc va thuoc dia dupc H6 Chi Minh tilp nhan mpt each cam dpng, coi la "cim nang" cho minh. Tir dd, Ngudi phat hien them quan dilm coi chii nghTa dan tdc la dpng luc Idn cua dit nudc, ddng thdi cai tao chu nghTa dan tpc tu san thanh chu nghTa dan tdc mang npi ham xa hpi chu nghTa.
Cd thi noi, day la cho nhan thiic dot pha cua HP Chf Minh theo tu duy bien chiing ma Ngudi tiep nhan dupc tir hpc thuyet Mac. Tir do, nhieu van de khac vdn thuoc truyin thing van hoa phuong Ddng, Ngudi tilp thu va cai tao nd, chuyen hoa no thanh nhung pham tru van hoa vd san ma tieu bieu la khai niem lao ddng vdn dupc de cao tir Khong Tir.
Khing Tir dl cao lao ddng, nhung Khdng Tir lai khdng thiy gia tri va siic manh ngudi lao dpng trong thuc te. Cho nen, Khong Tir phan biet con ngudi thanh tieu nhan va quan tir, ke tieu nhan lao dpng de nuoi ngudi quan tir, dac biet dng khinh miet phu nft von la dpi quan chu luc ciia lao dpng. Hd Chi Minh de cao ngudi lao dpng ciing co nghTa la lat ngupc hat nhan bien chiing trong hpc thuyet Khdng Tu ciing nhu Mae tiep nhan hat nhan bien chiing ciia Heghen va lat ngupc nd thanh chu nghTa duy vat bien chiing.
Khong chi cd pham tni lao dpng, Hd Chi Minh cung xii ly nhu vay ddi vdi van de dao diic ma Khong Tu rat de cao. Van de dan tdc va chu nghTa dan tdc khdng phai cua Khong Tu ma la ciia giai cap tu san ciing dupc Hd Chi Minh xir ly nhu vay. Tu do, co the noi, HP Chi Minh da tao cho minh mpt budc nhan thirc ddt pha vl hang loat vin de CO lien quan den muc tieu giai phdng con ngudi, cung la muc tieu cua chu nghTa nhan van, tao cho minh mdt quan niem hoan toan mdi ve chu nghTa nhan van khong chi co gidi phong giai cdp vo sdn md con Id gidi phong todn the nhitng nguai lao dpng; khong chi nhimg ngudi lao dpng dphuang Tdy md con la dphuang Dong vdn Igc hau; khong chi CO ly tudng gidi phong loai ngudi md con la hdnh dpng de dgt dugc su gidi phong con ngudi trong thuc te.
Chu nghTa nhan van Hd Chf Minh da mang mdt npi ham mdi. Nhung qu£m trpng hon, no khong cdn dimg d ly tudng chung chung ma da thanh hien thuc khi Ngudi mang cai tam trd ve giai phdng dan tpc Viet Nam va thuc hien thanh cdng hai cupc khang chiln chdng hai ten dl qude diu sd cua thi gidi khien cho nhan loai dat nilm tin vao chu nghTa nhan van chiln diu Hd Chi Minh. Do chfnh la chii nghTa nhan van vi hoa binh va tien bd cua nhan loai trong thdi dai ngay nay.
14 Nghiin ciiu Con ngudi s63 (54) 2011
Quan niem mdi...
2. Mpt quan niem mdi ve chu nghia xa hoi - hien thirc hoa chu nghia nhan van Chu nghTa nhan van mang dam diu in Hd Chf Minh khong chi bilu hien tren ITnh VUC chien dau chdng chu nghTa thuc dan, chu nghTa de quoc ma cdn the hien ro trong quan niem ve chu nghla xa hpi va con dudng di len chu nghTa xa hpi d mpt nudc ngheo nan, lac hau, chua qua giai doan phat triln chu nghTa tu ban nhu Viet Nam.
Tir cai tam mudn giai phdng dan tpc, giai phong ngudi lao dpng tren khip thi gidi, Hd Chi Minh nghT den mpt md hinh phat triln thich hpp vdi nhung dan tpc con cham phat trien theo muc tieu dpc lap dan tpc gan lien vdi chu nghTa xa hpi. Co the noi, viec phat hien ra md hinh ay chi thiy d Viet Nam vdi HP Chi Minh.
Gia tri ly luan va y nghTa thuc tien cua mo hinh ay la d chd tir nay chii nghia xa hpi khong con danh rieng cho ngudi da trang d cac nudc tu ban phat trien nhu co lan Ngudi phe phan; Hon nira, vdi Ho Chi Minh, chu nghTa xa hpi chi thuc su mang tinh nhan van khi no gop phan giai phdng nhan loai can lao tren khap hanh tinh theo dieu kien va hoan canh rieng cua moi nudc, moi dan tpc. De dupc giai phdng, con ngudi d cac dan tpc kem phat trien khdng the chd khi chii nghTa tu ban phat trien vdr^ir bimg no luc lupng san xuat va ra ddi giai cap cdng nhan himg hau ma phai tao thdi co cho chu nghTa xa hpi hinh thanh ngay ca khi dit nudc con lac hau chua qua giai doan phat triln chii nghTa tu ban.
Trong thuc tl, chu nghTa xa hpi dang dupc nhan loai van dung no mpt each het siic linh hoat mang tinh nhan van ro rang trong thdi dai ngay nay. Dieu do khong he anh hudng din muc tieu cua ly tudng cpng san ma chi tang them tinh thuc tien cua nd trong viec tao dung ly tudng iy trong xa hpi hien dai. Do chinh la y nghTa thuc tiln sau sic cua chii nghTa nhan van mang dam dau an HP Chf Minh trong thdi dai ngay nay.
3. Mot quan niem mdi ve con nguoi - dong luc cua chii nghia nhan van
D I duoc giai phdng, con ngudi khong trong chd vao mpt the lire nao khac ma chinh la d ban than mPi ngudi. Tir thuc tl dan tpc va nhan loai, HP Chi Minh hinh thanh quan niem mdi vl ddng lire cua chii nghTa nhan van phii hpp vdi thdi dai mdi. Nhung quan trpng hon con d chd, Hd Chi Minh da tao dung mpt quan niem mdi vl con ngudi vira la muc tieu vira la dpng lire cua phat triln tren co sd con ngudi dupc phat triln toan dien, dupc nang cao khong ngimg vl van hoa. Do chinh la mpt budc dl giai phdng loai ngudi. Muc tieu iy cd thi hom nay chua dat dupc nhu mong muln, nhung ro rang so vdi trudc, nd da va dang din gin hon khi con ngudi tilp can vdi nen van minh mdi trong thdi dai ngay nay. Muc tieu iy dang chiu siic ep ciia chu nghTa de quoc van hoa cd nguy CO banh trudng bing nhilu thii doan tinh vi, phiic tap, nhung sdm mudn loai ngudi se phat hien ra, se loai bo chii nghTa dl quIc dudi mpi hinh thiic. Liic do, chu nghTa nhan van mang dam diu in Hd Chi Minh chic chin se gdp phin quan trpng vao viec cung cl nilm tin vao con ngudi, tin vao viec di tim hanh phiic thuc sir tren coi ddi nay.
Tin vao con ngudi ding thdi thiy chi co con ngudi cu thi dupc nang cao khong ngimg vl nang lire va phim chit mdi giai phong dupc ban than va ddng loai noi chung la mpt phat hien quan trpng cua chii nghTa nhan van mac-xft ma Hd Chf Minh da tiep thu va van dung cd kit qua trong bii canh diu tranh giai phdng dan tpc d Viet Nam. Do
cung chinh la mpt npi dung ciia chu nghTa nhan van mdi mang dam dau an Hd Chi Minh trong thdi dai ngay nay.
4. Mot quan niem mdi ve van hoa - dieu kien de thuc hien chu nghia nhan van Vdi H I Chi Minh, dilu kien dk con ngudi dupc giai phdng cung khdng phai d ngoai con ngudi. Tin vao con ngudi, HP Chf Minh khdng tin mpt each mu quang ma la tin vao con ngudi dupc ren luyen cd nhan each xiing dang vdi con ngudi mdi. Con ngudi khong thi tu giai phong dupe ban than nlu khong vuon len lam chii duprc chfnh minh dl lam chii xa hpi, lam chii mdt dit nudc. Chi vuon len vai trd ngudi chii, con ngudi mdi xiing dang duoc hudng quyin tu do, hanh phiic, khdng bi chi phdi bdi mpt the lire nao.
Do la mpt quan niem mdi ve dan chu, nhan quyen.
Muln vay, eon ngudi phai duoc trang bi kien thiic van hoa va pham chat cua con ngudi mdi, co diic cd tai. HP Chi Minh rat de cao vai trd dao diic each mang khong ngoai muc dich tao dung cho con ngudi tir vi tri ngudi nd le thanh vi tri ngudi chu thuc su. Dan chu la ddi hoi cao nhit cua Hd Chi Minh trong mpt xa hpi van minh, mdt chu nghTa nhan van mdi cua thdi dai each mang vo san. Song, de cd dan chii thuc sir, lai phai CO quan niem mdi ve thdi dai, quan niem diing dan ve chu nghTa xa hdi va con dudng di len chu nghia xa hpi, cung nhu quan niem mdi ve con ngudi phat trien toan dien va quan niem mdi ve van hoa gan vdi muc tieu phat trien vi con ngudi, cho con ngudi.
Tren day la bon muc tieu ea ban cua mpt chu nghTa nhan van mdi mang dam dau an Ho Chi Minh, dong thdi cflng la bdn dac diem co ban ciia xa hdi mdi xa hpi chu nghTa.
Ca bon muc tieu va dac diem ay, chiing ta deu thay trong hpc thuyet Mac Lenin, nhung van co phan chua toan ven, chua day du, chua rd ve ly luan mdt chu nghTa nhan van mdi va cflng chua thanh thuc tien trong cupc sdng thdi dai ngay nay. Vdi Hd Chi Minh, chu nghia nhan van von co tir truyen thong da dupc hien dai hoa, quy tu nhung gia tri cua cac loai chu nghTa nhan van va hinh tharih mpt chu nghTa nhan van mdi cho mpi ngudi, mpi dan tpc trong thdi dai ngay nay.
Noi den nhung npi dung van hoa trong thdi dai mdi gin vdi toan ciu hoa va chu nghTa dan tpc, chiing ta co the phai ndi den ca van hoa vat chat va van hoa tinh than, van hoa tam linh va cac ITnh vuc van hoa cu the khac. NIU van hoa thuc sir din dudng cho quoc dan di nhu quan niem cua Hd Chi Minh thi chfnh liic nay van hoa dang cd nliiem vu dieu chinh nhan thiic va hanh vi con ngudi tiep can vdi nhung vin dl mang tfnh hap ly nhat cua thdi dai van minh mdi; chinh van hoa liic nay dang dan dudng cho qude dan hudng tdi muc tieu dung dan ve mpt xa hdi nhan van mang ban chit gia tri cua nen van minh mdi, van minh chii nghTa xa hpi theo muc tieu dan giau, nudc manh, xa hdi cong bang, dan chu, van minh, ma ban chat eua nd la van minh mang chu nghTa nhan van mac-xit va chu nghTa nhan van Hd Chf Minh.
16 Nghiin ciiu Con ngudi s6f3 (54) 2011
