NGHIEN curu - TRAO DOI
W - ' . , - H
Nha bao Tnroing Chinh:
"Dung but lam don chuyen xoay che do
(Phani)
• GS, TS TA NGQC T A N Hoi dong Ly luan Trung lyang
Nfaa bao Tmdng Chinh ten that la Dang Xuan Khu, sinh ngay 9.2.1907 d lang Hanh Thien, huyen Xuan Tmdng, tinfa Nam Dinh. Nam 18 tudi, Ong da tham gia cac phong trao yeu nudc rdi gia nhap Hpi Vet Nam Thanfa nidn each mang dong chi. Trong mudi nam hoat dpng dau tien, khi bi bat, d tu ciing nhu Iiic boat ddng edng khai, ddng chi da dem fact nghi lire, tri tue va nhiet tinh each mang tham gia truyen ba chu tmong, dudng loi cua Dang, gop phan bdi duong ly luan va tinh than each mang cho dong dao can bd va nhan (ian. Nhan ky nifm 110 nam ngay sinh ed Tdng Bi thu - nha bao Trudng Chmh, GS, TS Ta Nggc Tan co bai nghien cftu ve sir ngMep bao ehi each mang ciia dng. Trong phan mgt nay, tae gia gidi thieu ve gia the va qua tiinh dua ddng chi tu ngudi viet bao yeu nudc, ngudi cdng san tte tudi, ttd thanh nha lanfa dao bao cfai each mang.
mgt nha nfao uyen bac, khdng tfaanfa dat ve khoa bang nen khdng tham gia quan tmdng, d nha day hgc va viet saefa. Cu la mot cay but xuat sac ttong nhom "Nam Viet Dong Thien Hgi", timg viet cho nhieu td bao ldn d Ha Noi nfau Nam phong, Tmng Bdc tdn vdn, Dong Phdp, Ngo bdo va timg dugc tang giai thudng nhat cugc thi iho do bao Dong Phdp td chftc. Ong da de Iai cho ddi sau bg sach Minh Bo sie{\ 00 quyen) va nfaieu tap sacfa ve danfa nhan, cd sft ciia dat nude. Me dng la ba Nguyen Thi Tft, con cu Cft nhan Nguyen Dftc Ban. Ba la ngudi phu nu cd neng cong, dung, ngon, hanh, la nha giao dau tien, ngudi truyen day tinh yeu que hucmg, dat nudc cho cac con. Ong ngi cua Dang Xuan Khu la Dang Xuan Bang, do Tien sy tam giap de nhdt danh nam 1856, lam quan den chftc Tuan phii Hai Duong, mot vi quan thanh liem, trung thuc, mot nha Nho uyen bac, tac gia ciia nhieu cong trinh ldn nhu: Su hoc bi khdo, Viet su cuang muc tiet yeu, Co nhdn ngon hdnh luc...
Co Tong Bi thu - Nhd bdo Trudng Chink (I907-19HS)
T
mdng Chinh ten that la Dang Xuan Khu.Ong sinh ngay 9 2.1907 trong mgt gia dinh CO truyen thdng Nho hgc tai Iang Hanh Tbien. Cha dng la Dang Xuan Vien (1880 - 1958),
U LUid CHIHH TRI VA IRUyEH THOHB - S ^ 2 / 2 0 1 7
NGHIEN COru - TRAO DOI Ngudi cfng sdn trd Moi vd bao Ddn cdy Do tmydn thdng gido due vd ffidu kifn gia dinh khd gia, tii nfad, D ^ g Xuan Kfau da dupe ldm quen vdi Tft tfau, Ngu kinh, dupe tilp tfau tft cha, me nhimg bM fape v l van fada, lieh sft va Nho hpe. Ldm ldn, dng dupe gia ffinfa cho ttieo Tay fapc d Tiudng Tfadnfa cfaung Nam E)inh. Ngay trdn gfal nfaa tnidng, dng da tiiam gia cdc faogt dfng ddi an xdcfao ntid ydu nu(ie Pfaan Bfi Cfaau. Ngdy 11.3.1926, nfaa ydu nudc Pfaan Cfau Trinfa mdt, pfaong trdo tmy ffifu va d l tang cy ngay l|p tftc lan ra cd nudc. (i Nam Dinfa, Dgng Xuan Kfau da cung vdi Nguyen Due Canli, NgiQ'dn Kfade Luong, Nguydn Tudng I^oan, Dang Cfadu Tuf, Ngi^en Van Hoan, Nguy&i Danh Ddi va mdt sd hpc sinfa ktidc da kfadi xudng vife bai khda vd vgn dfng nfadn ddn, t l cfaiie tfadnfa edng Ld tmy ffifu Pfaan Cfau Trinfa. Sy kifn dd da gdy tidng vang trong ca nude Idm efao efainfa quyin tfaye dan t i c toi trd tiift Ngdy 30.4.1926, vidn Tfaong sft Rdbanfa da I ^ Ififti dudi fagc vuifa vidn 47 fage sinfa Trudng Tfadnfa cfaung, trong do ed Dang Xuan Khu, Nguyen Dfte Canfa, Nguyin Kfade Lupng. Sau kM bi dudi hgc, Dang Xuan Khu vdn tilp tye faoat dpng ttong pfaong trao tiianfa men, fage sinfa d Nam Djnfa vd dupe ngudi bgn hge la Nguyin Van Hoan gidi thieu gia nhip Hdi VietNam Thanh niin cdch mgng dong chi
Nam 1927, Dang Xudn Khu Idn Ha Ndi tiii ldy b&ig Diplome, sau do tfai dd vao Trudng Cao d ^ g Thuong mgi Ddng Duong. Mua he nam 1928, kit tfaue nam fapc flift nfadt, Dgng Xuan Kfau v l qud ngM fae. Chftng kiln tinfa canh thdng kho cfta ngudi dan, Dgng Xuan Kfau vgn ddng mft sd ngudi la anfa em hg hang ra td bdo Dan cay d l tiifte tinfa tinfa tiidn ydu nudc, faudng ddn nfaan dan ddu tranfa, efadng Igi sy bdc lot ciia tiiyc dan, dia cfau. Bdo Ddn cdy do Dgng Xudn Kfau Iam cfaft but, ngudi em fap Dang Xuan TMlu true tilp vilt tay cae bdi bao d l in tiigefa. Mdt sd fliaiih radn ttong Iang tinh nguyfn bi mat dua bao di pfadt fadnh ttong viing. Ddn cdy ra dupc 4 sd thi Dang Xudn Kfau fait tiidi gian ngfai, phdi quay ve Ha Nfi. Cdng vide ra bdo giao lgi efao Dang Xudn TMlu cfau tri. Tuy nMdn, bao cM ra
dupe vdi s l niia tM dinfa ban.
Ngdy 16.6.1929, tgi sd nhd 312 phd Kham TMdn, mdt s l dai bilu tieh eye cfta Hpi Vi$t Nam Thanh nien edeh mgng dong chid Bac Rj'da nfadm fagp vd Mydn bd thdnfa lap Ddng Duong Cong san Dang, ra Tuyen ngdn, Chfnh cuong, Didu If va thanfa lap ede ban cbuydn mdn. Ban Tuydn Iniyin cfta Ddng do Uy vidn Trung uong ldm tfadi Trinh Dlnh Cim pfay tiaefa ffirpc gjao nMfm vy ra bao 5ua liem. Bang Xuan Kfau dupc pfadn cdng lam cdng tdc bidn tgp cfta td bao.
Ttldng 9.1929, Tong fapi sinfa vidn ra ddi va quy&t djnh xudt bdn td bao Ngu&i sinh vien. Dang Xuan Khu dupc cfi ldm chft bftt cfta bao. Cudi nam 1929, Dang Xudn Kfau bd hge, ddn tiidn vao con dudng eacfa mgng day chdng gai va Mem nguy. Tu ddy, dng trd ttidnh mdt nfaa each mang chuyen ng^fp, ddnh todn tdm, todn y cho sy ngMfp gi^
phdag dan tfc, gidnfa ty do dpc lap cho ddt nudc, muu cdu hgnh phfte eho nfaan dan.
Ldm bdo vd ddu tranh trong ngyc tu d l qudc Ngay 4.11.1930, Dgng Xuan Kfau bi mat thkn bdt Idii din ffilm h ^ d l nhgn tdi hfu tft mft d ^ vidn cpng sdn P h ^ . Dich dua dng v l nfait d nhd tu Hda Ld vd tap trung tfadm vdn dk fadng truy bdt ck ydu nfadn ttong bd may lanh dgo va cdc eo sd bi mat cfta Ddng Cong sdn. Sau kM khdng kfaai Mc dupe gi tft Dang Xudn Khu, cfaiing tdng dng vdo kfaam kfadng cdn,xet xft.
Cftng bj giam ttong khdm td vdi Dang Xuan Khu vd cac ddng vidn cfng sdn cdn ed cdc tii nfaan Quie dan ddng. Hai pfaia "C^dc" vd "C&ig" tjat d&i cudc ddu kfadu vd e ^ quan ffilm efainh tri tii nfaung van de ndn tang tu Mdng, quan ffian t i l t fapc din mye tieu eacfa mgng vd con dudng, cdcfa Ihfte tfaye faifn cdc muc tidu dd. Sang nam 1932, faai pfaia bSt ddu bi mat t l efaftc xudt ban cde td bao vd su dgng cfaftng de ti^ tyc cupc tranfa luan vd chinfa trj. Ptiia tli nfadn cdng san dd xuat ban eae td bao Lao tu ^ sau ddi tfadnfa Lao tu tgp chi. Con dudng chinh, Bdn- se-vich. PMa Qude ddn dang cd tb bdo Dude dua (fuCTig eua cdc dang vidn Quoe dan Dang ly kfaai vd td Du&ng cdch mgng eia cac dang vien Qude dan 8 «tUW DIIIIH IRI VA UlOffll IHIIH6 - S67m\i
NGHIEN curu - TRAO D 6 I
D a n g e h o n g c f n g , ttong d d ta Dudng cdch mgng ra m g t c d i ^ kfaai e h o n g lai cde q u a n d i d m e a c h m g n g efta D a n g C d n g san, lidn t y c vidt bai nfaao bdng, e d n g Idefa nfaftng n g i ^ c f n g san.
D g n g X u d n K h u d u p c cM b d p h a n c d n g ldm chft bftt tir Con dudng ehinh. Cimg tfaam gia v d i d n g dd viet b d i v d xudt b a n b a o e d e a c tft nfadn e d n g sdn khde nfau Trinfa Dinfa C t m , D o N g g c D u , T r a n Q u a n g T g n g , N g u y i n V a n N g a n . . . M d i s o d u p e chdp tay ra 5-7 b d n rdi M m a t cbuydn d d n c a e trgi c h o c a e tft nfadn c p n g s a n truydn tay nfaau d g c . Con dudng chinh xudt b a n tft t h a n g 2 . 1 9 3 2 , d d n c u d i n a m 1932 till ffinh bdn d o s y Wiung b d gdt g a o c u a bg m a y c a i cjuan liha tu. D u d i bftt danfa C d y X o a n , D a n g X u a n Kfau da v i l t n M l u bai bao tren t d Con
^edng ehinh deinmhli^ p M i n b a c c a c q u a n ffidm sai tidi ciia cdc d d n g vidn Q u d e d d n D a n g efadng c p n g d a n g tren t d Dudng cdch mgng. D d Id nfaimg bai vidt v d i tfaai d p kiiach quan, kfaoa fagc, luan ffidm efagt e h e , ehftng eft rd r a n g v d cde v d n dd: T d quoc, d a n ^ , t r i l t fagc, giai c ^ , ddu tranfa giai c ^ , kfadi ngfam each ragng, v.v.. Nfaung b a i b a o e u a D a n g X u d n K h u d a g ( ^ pfadn (juan tnjng trong v i f e b d i d u d n g ctiinfa tri e h o cae tii nlian e d n g san, b a o v e d u d n g ldi edeh m g n g eiia D d n g v d thuydt pfaye m g t s l d a n g vidn Q u d c d a n D a n g tft b d lap t n i d n g cdch m a n g t u san d e gia n h g p d g i n g u efta D a n g C g n g san. V t h i , m d t sd d a n g vien ddu sd chdng c p n g c u a ( J u o c d a n D d n g t i m e a c h trd tfaft, pfaa faogi td b d o efta nfating n g u d i c p n g sdn bSng each n g d m bdo cho cai tu. M o i lan k h d m xet, bat d u p c tai Ufu faay cdc e d n g c y dd ra bdo, b p n eai tii, mdt flidm lai tra kliao eae tu n h a n c f n g sdn rdt d a man. D d n g cM N g u y e n L u o n g B a n g k e Iai: " M f t h d m ehiing kfaam pfaa d u p e tdi Ufu, u l n bdt ^ i , anfa T r u d n g Chinfa ra d a n h Tran n a y a n h T m d n g Ctiinh bi n d d a n h ngng faon ea, b a y gjd tay eua anfa e d n seo ddy"*^\ Nfaung s y k h u n g b d cfta kd fliu kfadng till l a m nfayt y cM ddu tranfa cdcfa m a n g cfta D g n g X u a n Kfau v a c a e tft n h a n c f n g san, nfaiing n g u d i ludn tin t u d n g rdng:
"CM l(5m ndu n u n g ttong n g y c tdi/ Se d e m tfai tfad m d t ngdy mai"*^'. Sau g§n m d t n a m gjam gift, t h y e d a n Vhap m d pMdn tda xet xft 4 0 c M e n sy cacfa
m g n g , t r o n g d o e d D g n g X u a n Kfau. S a n g n g d y 2 9 . 9 . 1 9 3 1 , t d a a n t h y e d d n P h d p M y d n d n D a n g X u a n K h u , sd tu 9 8 2 9 0 , mftc a n 12 n a m tft, tinh tft 19.11.1930 d i n 19.11.1942 \ a " t d i " i a m traydn d o n cd d p n g p h o n g ttao efadng d d i n h d c d m q u y e n v a v ^ d f n g binfa linfa P h a p lara vd pfal bidn sdch c a m . T h a n g 2 . 1 9 3 3 , tiiyc ddn P h a p d u a D d n g X u d n K h u Cling 2 1 0 t u nfaan c & i g san v a Quoc dan D d n g , nfaiing pfadn tft n g u y M a n nfadt ldn n h a t u S o n La.
M u e ffieb t h d m d f c cfta c h u n g la nfaam e d e h Iy nhftng n g u d i e a c h m a n g v d i pfaong trao v a cdc td efaftc d o d n thd, d d n g t h d i d y a v a o kM h a u k h d c n g M f t eiia n o i riing fliidng, n u d e d p e kdt h p p v d i e h l d p t u d a y h a kfade dd gidt ddn, gidt mem v a d e bep y cM c M i n d a u efta cdc tii n h a n . M a t kfaac, d d cfing l a eacfa d l pfadng tranfa nfaung v y v u p t n g u e nfau d a x d y rad H d a L d eudi n a m 1932. T r o n g t h u giii T h d n g xft B d c K^' n a m 1932, tdn C d n g xft kidm chfta n g y c S o n L a Xanfapuldp vidt: " X i n ngdi cft tilp tyc gtri chinh trj p h g m l&i S o n La. B p n n a y d H d a L d la n h i i n g tigng h u n g tiang kfad tri, n h u n g n l u ten S o n La cM trong v d n g 6 t h a n g thdi, vi t n i n g sdt ret se l a m eho chftng s u y n h u p c vd t r d n e n Mdn lanfa"*^* .Qua d u n g nfau till, cM tft tfaang 2 d e n tfaang 9.1933 d a cd 4 3 tu nfadn d n h d t u San L a bi c h d t
Gifia tfadng 11.1933, d o a p l y c c u a pfaong trao ddu tranfa d Pfaap ddi a n x a t u efainfa trj D d n g D u o n g vd chinfa s y d d u tranfa efta nfaftng t u nfadn efainfa h i d D d n g D u o n g , D a n g X u a n Kfau c u n g n M e u tii nfadn e d n g sdn d Scm l^ d u p e efauyin v l H a N p i . Tfaang 5.1935, D a n g X u a n K h u lgi h i d u a d i d d y tai n h d t u S o n l a vd t h e m m f t lan nfia n d m trai cfal d o lao tft v d c u n g faa kfade d edi dia n g y c tidn gian ndy. T r o n g ffidu kifn v o cftng kfad kfaan efta nfad tii tfaue ddn, d n g d a viet c u d n sacfa Chdng cku nghia thuc ddn vd chd nghia cdi luong. N p i d u n g c u d n sdcfa ldn a n efad d o tfaye d a n Pfaap d D d n g D u o n g , pfad p h a n cfaft n g h i a eai l u o n g - m p t tfaft d d n g minfa ciia cfae d p t h y e ddn dp bftc. D o n g tfadi, d n g eiingludn gjai v a m i n h ehiing k h a n a n g tfaang Ipi efta cupe d d u tranfa giai pfadng dan ^ , gianfa t y d o , c o m ao, fada b i n h c h o nfaan d a n ; cM ra n h i i n g y e u edu, n M e m v y ttong vide ehudn bi cdc ffilu kifn d l
WUUKDIIHHTRJVAIROYQIUKIHB-8^2/2017 ^ 9
NGHIEN cufu - TRAO DOI
budc vdo cudc cMdn ddu gjanh ty do kM tiidi co din. Cudn sacfa ttd tiidnfa tdi Ufu faudn Iuyen cMnh tri cfao eac dang vidn trong tii.
Do tiidng Ipi cua Mat tran buifa dan d Phap va pfaong trao ddu tranh ddi tu do ddn cfaft d trong nudc, ngay 29.9.1936, Dang Xuan Kfau vd hang nghm tu cfainfa tri da dupc trd ty do.
Lam bao vd lanh dgo bao cbi each mgng thdi ky mat tran dan chu
Sau kM dupc faa tu do. Dang Xuan Kfau nfaanfa efadng Udn lgc vdi td ehfte Dang va bat nfaip vdi pfaong tido each mgng dang md rpng trong ffidu kifn efainfa pfaft cacfa td d Phap thuc Men ctiinfa saefa cdi md d Ddng Duong. 6ng dupe pfadn cdng tfaam gja ban bien ldp bao Le Travail. Bay la td bao xudt ban i;dng kfaai bang tidng Pfa^, do mdt sd giao su Trudng Thang Long dung ra dl nghi va dugc cfainfa (juySn cfao pfaep. Tuy nMdn, sau kM Le Travail xudt ban, Uy ban sang kiln, tftc la Ban van dgng lap lgi Xft uy Bdc Ky, da tryc tidp cM dgo td bao, coi day la eo quan thdng tin tuydn tmyln nfadm van dfng cdcfa mang, tap fagp lyc lugng, ddu tranh efadng efad dg tfaye dan pfaong Iden. Sd 1 cuai^Trizvai/rangdy 16.9.1936. Sau 7 tfaang faoat dgng, bao tuyen bd dinfa bdn nfaung nd da dd lgi tidng vang rfng ldn tiong xa fapi ducmg tfadi, nfadt Id Irong ^idi tri tfaftc Vift Nam va tri thfte dan cfau tidn bd d Pfaap.
Nfadm Le Travail ban ddu ed sy tham gia cfta:
Nguydn Tfad Rue, Nguydn Van Tien, Tijnfa Van Pfau, Vd Nguyen G i ^ , Vu Duifa Huynfa, Dang Tfaai Mai, Tran Dinfa Lcmg, Tran Huy Lieu... Bao do Nguyin Van Tien lam cfau nMfm, Trinfa Van Phft lam quan Iy. Cudi nam 1936, mpt sd dang vidn edng san mdi ra M nhu Dang Xudn Kfau, Kfaudt Duy Ti&L, Tdng Phftc CMdu, Dang Cfaau Tuf, Hg Bd Cang (tftc Hoang Qudc Vet)... fliam gja Ban bien lap eua Le Travail. Bang Xudn Kfau dupc cft Iam bi tfau cfai bp cpng san, ttyc tilp bidn tap, efaudn bi va duydt cac bai vd. Dudi sy cM dao eiia Dang Xuan Kfau va cM bd edng san, Le Travail tm flianfa mpt ffidn dan rpng rai td eao cfal dp cai tri tfaudc dia cfta tfaue dan pfaap, giao due Idng ydu nudc, thfte tinh long ty hao dan tdc, bdnfa vyc quydn Ipi cua
nfadn dan Iao dpng can lao. Dang Xudn Khu ti^i tilp vilt nMlu bai bdo quan trpng, trinh bay nfaunj vdn dd \f ludn, nen tdng tu tudng cfta Ddng ^ dudng ldi cdcfa mgng gidi phdng dan ^ . Dd la cic bdi: Chd nghia Mdc, sue mgnh cua hi tutudngm chiing ta dang tren cde sd: 15 (25.12.1936), Vl (6.1.1937) va IS (15.1.\937);DS tro thdnh ngm xd hdi chd nghia dang trdn cdc sd: 21 (5.2.1937), 22 (i9.2.1937) va 23 (26.2.1937)...
Vfta tham gia bidn tdp cho td Le Travail. Dang Xudn Kfau vfta ganfa vac nMfm Tradng ban eiia l^
ban faanfa dfng fapp pbap cfta Xft fty Bac Ky, tiyc tilp cM dgo cdc faogt dfng fapp phdp cfta cdc dang vidn edng khai va nfaftng tri tfaftc ed cam tinfa vfi Ddng, dac bift Id cM dgo faogt dgng bdo cfai edng kfaai cfta Ddng. D I bdo ddm vu kM tu tudng cho eude ddu tianh cdng khai efta Ddng, Dang Xuan Kfau da cM dgo xudt ban mft so td bdo tilng Phiq) nfau: Rassemblement (sd ddu ra ngdy 16.3.1937), Enavant (sd ddu ra ngdy 20.8.1937). Ong cung dupe Xu fty giao tracfa nMfm trye tilp tiieo doi, chi dgo eac dang vien lam tdng thu ky eac tda soan nfau: Hpc PM d bdo Tieu thuyit thu ndm (tin tai i 18.3.1937 din 1.8.1937), Nguyen Dftc Kinfadbao Hd thdnh ngg bdo (tii 6.4.1937 ddn 26.3.1938), Tr§n Duifa Tri d bdo Thai the (tu 30.10.1937 d&i 12.2.1938).
Sau kM cdc td bdo trdn ldn lupt bi duifa b ^ * cfafnfa quydn tfau fadi giay pfadp, Xft fty Bde Kj quydt djnh xudt ban bdo Tin tuc va giao cfao Dan|
Xuan Kfau pfay tracfavd tryc tilp lam Giam d&
cfafnfa tri, Tran Huy Lifu lam cfaft bftt, Luong Van Tuan ldm quan ly. Tfaam gia Ban bidn t ^ bdo Tfe tuc Id eae can bg lanfa dgo Dang nhu: Trdn Eftil Ixmg (bftt danfa Lucmg Pfaong), Dao Duy Ky (Bui danfa Trudng Son), Khudt Duy Tidn (bftt danfa To Dan), Nguyen Van Nang (biit danfa Tfadn DSn)..
Bdo Tin tire la td bao cdng khai ciia Ddng, trg si tgi 105, phd Henry De Orlean, Hd Ndi, nay Id pb*
Phftng Hung.
v l tracfa nMfm Gidm ddc cfainfa tii ciia bao IB tftc, sau nay Trudng Cfainfa giai tMch: "Gidm d&
cfainfa tri dupc rfng cfaan faon. Cde cdng vide gi^
1 0 IT IDAH CHIHH TRJ VAlRUKSlTHOHe-5^2/2017
NGHIEN Cl/U - TRAO DOI djch giay td ddu do chft bftt giai cjuylt NMfm vy
efta Gidm d(x: cbinh tri Id gift sao eho bao vidt dung dudng ldi, dftng efainfa saefa cua Dang" (Bdi ndi chuydn cua ddng chi Trudng Chinh vdi tgp chi Hpc tgp ngdy 29.12.1959). Bao Tin ftic ra s l ddu tidn ngdy 2.4.1938 vdi danfa ngMa "Co quan Mat tr|n Ddn chft". Djnh IQ' cua Tin tuc la fadng tudn, kfad bdo 440 X 375 mm, tfadng fliudng moi sd m kfaoang 6.000 bdn. My nMdn eung cd so m nMlu faon (sd 26 m den 8.000 bdn), do ed nfaiing sy kien quan trpng. Bdo tdn tgi dupc gan 7 tfadng, sd cuoi cung la 43 rangay 15 vd 19.10.1938.
Trong thdi gian ndy. Dang Xuan Kfau dudi bftt danfa Qua Ninh eftng vdi Vo Nguydn Giap vdi bftt danb Van Dinfa da cdng bd tdc pfadm ndi tidng Vdn de ddn cdy. Sdeh dupe nhd sacfa Dftc Cudng m Iha^faai tap vd pfadt h^hh ihang 7.1938. Ddy cd tfal coi la tMdn ffidu tta mau mye v l tinh canfa ndng ddn Vft Nam dudi su ap bftc, bdc lot cua thye dan, phong kidn vd ehinh sdeh pfaan ddng cua efaung ve ragng ddt, td tfaul, ngn efao vay ngng Iai. Ddng flidi, tae pfadm cung pfad pfaan nfaung nfagn tfaftc sai 13m vd ndng dan, khang dinh vai ttd quan trgng efta ndng dan trong edeh mang V f t Nam.
Vfta cM dgo bao cM cdng khai hpp pfadp cfta Dang, cM dao van dgng tfaanfa lap Mat tran Dan cfaft Ddng Duong, Dgng Xudn Kfau vua trye tidp vidt bai efao Tin tuc dudi bftt danh Tt. (Tin tftc) va QN (Qua Ninh), cd vfi efao eupc ddu tranfa ddi ty do, ddn cfau, (Jdn sinfa, efadng Igi nhiing kd eo hdi, cjud khfeh, gay cMa re pfaong trdo cdcfa mang. Ngay sau kM Xft fty cM dao td efaftc tfaanfa cdng cugc bidu duong lyc Iupng efta nfadn dan lao dfng Ha Nfi ntian n ^ y CJude t l Lao dfng 1.5.1938, dng cd bai
"Cudc bilu tinfa vfta qua da day efao ta nfaimg gj?"
dang trdn Tin tftc sd 5 (ngdy 4 ddn ngay 11.5.1938).
Trong bai bao, Dgng Xuan Kfau da nfadn dinfa rdng, cupc bieu tinfa ngdy 1.5 "tfadt sy la nfaat bua dgp manh vao ddu ede fagng pfaan dfng va bao efao chftng bilt rdng, qudn chftng Ddng Ducmg da tdi df ttudng thdnh vd cfainfa tri", fap da bidt td efaftc bilu tinfa trong trgt tu dd "ddi com an, do mac, hda binh vd ty do". £)6 eiing cliinh ta mpt ddu mdc quan
trpng d l phong trdo '*tiln Idn nhiing budc cao hon nfia"*"'
Dgc Mft, logt bai ciia Dgng Xuan Kfau dang trdn bdo Tin tire dudi d l myc "De di tdi Mat trgn Ddn cAii Dong Dwowg" tfal Men tdt rd rang, ddy dft cfaft traong cfta Ddng trong vifc gido dye qudn cfaftng,
^ p fapp Iuc lupng, xay dyng mgt trgn rpng rai ddu tranfa ddi dan cfaft, dan sinfa va tu do efao nfadn ddn.
Trong bai "Mpt vi^ dildm vdphdi ldm" (Tin tue, sd 7, ngay 21 den 28.5.1938), dng kdu gpi cM nfadnfa Dang Xa hdi Ha Npi (ciia nfaimg ngudi P h ^ ) eung nhdm Tin ale lap ra t ^ ban hdnh ddng chung dd t^
fapp lyc lupng rpng rai nhdm ffi tin tfadnfa tgp Mgt tran Bmfa dan Ddng Duong, eftng ntiau Udn Mfp cfaong cMen tranfa pfadt xit Bdi "Chung ta hdy bdt toy vao viec" dang trdn Tin ftic sd 11 (flidng 6.1938), mft mgt kdu gpi "thanfa ldp mat tran Dan cfaft ngay trong vy bdu cft nay" de "tdy ue Vfn Dan Mdu" Mfn tfadi, tidu dupc mpt "dan vifn xftng ddng" ed tfad
"bdnfa vyc dupe quydn lpi eho minfa". Cy tfae, dd Id sfta dupe "efad dp thud tfadn Ifaeo nguyen tdc dan cfaft", tfaye Men triet dl luat lao dfng. Mat khae, dng eung vach mat bpn td rot kit "ly lugn sudng", "phan tuydn tiuyin cMdn tfaugt Mat t r ^ Buih dan"<^
Cac tiai vilt ciia Dang Xuan Kfau t r ^ l)do Tin tuc tfaeo sat tiln trinfa cugc bdu eft Ven dan bidu d Bdc Ky: "Tiing gpi cua nhdm Tin tuc " (Tin tuc sd 15), "Cdi y nghia thuc cua cupc bdu cie ldn thir nhat d Hd Npr (Tm tftc sd 18), "NhOng bdi hpc (siampf cupc ft/yen Cl?" (Tin tftc sd \9),"Mptkhdu hieu chinh: Phdi ma rpng quyen hgn cho ddn bieu"
(Tm tftc sd 31), "Hay ggt phdng bpn budn ddn vd bdo hodng khdi ghi nghi trudng ky ndy" (Tin tue sd 32, ngay 7 din ngay 10.9.1938), "Rut mgt bdi hgc kinh nghiem trong cupc bdu Vien trudng Vien Ddn bieu Bdc Ky viea rdf (Tin tftc sd 34, ngay 14 den ngdy 17.9.193 8), "Bpn td rdt ldt ndi lung tung vd chui thuc si/* (tin Mc sd 34)... Cftng vdi vifc danfa gid tinfa fainfa, pfad plian nfaimg nfaan vat bdo faoang, tay sai efta efainfa ejuydn tfaue dan, dng cung vgcfa mat, cM tdn nfaftng am muu, fadnfa vi mi dan, gian lan, mua ban pMeu bau mpt each md am cfta
"nfaiing ke da pfaan bfi Mgt tran Dan cfaft va lira ddi
ly UJAH CBIHH IRI VAIRUYEH IHOHG-s^2/2017 i l 1
NGHIEN curu - TRAO D 6 I
dan efaung". Ong khdng dinfa vdi rapt mdm tin sat da vd thang Ipi ciia cupc ddu tranh: "ke thft cua Mat ttdn Ddn chu diing vfi vui miing ma reo to la Mgt trgn Ddn chft da vo... Mat tt:^ Dan cfaft efadng pfadi cM gdm mdy dng ngfai trong vifn va edng vide cfta nd efadng pfaai cM d trong Vdn Ddn bilu... Nlu ttong ^ m nghi vifn Mat trgn Dan cfau cd nfaimg ke pfaan bfi Mat tran va lira dli dan ehftng. M§t trdn Dan chft ed nMdn trdnfa khdng tffidi mpt edi anh hudng kfadng tdt, nfaung cung efainfa vi cai bdi fagc gdt gao dy md cfaiing ta cang pfadi Idlm ffiem va eftng ed Igi Iidng ngu dd vupt qua nfaimg bude kfad kfaan, di din mft mue fficfa da djnfa" (Tm tftc, sd 34, n ^ y 14 dkn 17.9.1938).
Sau sd 43, bdo Tin tiec ngiing xudt ban do ehinh quyin tfaye dan tfau fadi giay pfaep. Xft fty Bae K^
efaft tracmg mua lgi td Ddi nay d% tilp tyc cudc dau tranfa t r ^ mat ttdn bdo cM cdng kfaai. Ngay 1.12.1938, mft tfaang radi sau kM Tin ftic dinfa bdn, Ddi nay tgp m&i ra sd 1 vdi tfadng bdo ctia Ban tri su rang bdo tdidng cd Uen quan gj v l tiln bac va tinh tiiSn vdi bao Ddi nay trude do. Tdt ea cde nhfing ngudi vilt cho Tin tuc tnrdc day ddu chuyin ve tda soan Ddi nay tgp mdi. Bang Xuan Kfau tilp tye ddm nfa|n tracfa nMem trye tilp cM dgo tb bdo.
Ddi nay tap m&i ra ddi vao ddm trudc ciia cufc CMen tranfa the gjdi tfaft faai, kM efainfa quyin ifayc dan Pfaap da timg budc tfau faep dan cfau, tang cudng dan dp eacfa mang d Ddng Duong. Ddi pfad vin anh hudng cm. tb Ddi nay tap m&i, cMnfa quydn ttdng trpn kfaung bd ngudi ban vd dpc bdo, edm Iuu hanfa bdo d midn Trung. Ngay 26.8.1939, CMnfa pfaft Pfaap ban faanfa Ifnfa efao pfaep ap dung tra lgi ehd df kilm duyft bao cM. Ngay 13.10.1939, todn quyen Pliap d Ddng Dirong Saten ky lenh edm bdo Bdi nay. E)l ttdnh kfaung bl, tmdc do 10 ngdy, Ddi nay da ty ddng ddng efta sau kM xudt ban s l 38, tdt ea can bd cfta bao nit vao boat dgng bi mat
Cung ttong nam 1939, Dang Xuan Khu edn tiiay mat Xft fty Bdc Ky cM dgo chinfa tri cac td bao:
Notre voiK, Ngdy mdi va Ngudi mdi. Trong cdc td bao nay, Notre voix xudt ban bdng tilng Pfadp, la td bao dl lgi ddu dn quan trgng trong gidi tti fliftc duong
tiidi. V f c ra bdo tilng Phap Id ttanh thft ffieu kifn thugn lpi kM tfaeo luat dinfa ciia ctiinh quydn tlnrc ddn, bdo tilng Phdp khdng edn phdi xin pfaep. Notre voixsd 1 ra ngdy 1.1.1939 vd sd cudi ra ngay 25.8.1939. Dang Xudn Kfau trye tilp cM dao. Tham gia Ban bidn tap bdo cd Vd N^iydn G i ^ , Dang Thai Mai, Trin Duifa Loi^, Phan Tiianh... Ban ^ u , quan l^ bao Id Td Dfaih Hde, v l sau Trdn Dinfa Long fliay tfal. Notre voix ed nMdu tin bdi tfad Men rd cdc quan ffilm efainfa tri efta Dang, dupe pfaat fadnfa ra ed ngoai bidn gjdi Vft Nam. Vdo tiidi ffilm ndy, Nguyen Ai Qudc dang d Qui l-am, Trung Quoc. Ngudi ciing tiiudng xuyen tiieo ddi bdo va cdn vidt bdi gui ve cho tda soan Notre voiK dudi bftt danfa P.CLin. Dang Xudn Khu Id ngudi nhgn vd dSng cdc bai vidt cua NgiQ'dn Ai Qudc trdn tir Notre VODC trong muc Tkr tft Trung Qaoc. Dd Id cdc bdi bdo: "Ve chft nghia to rdt kft" (AfofrE voix. ngdy 7.7.1939), ' T i n g kit sau hai nam ddu tranh" (Notre voix ngay 14.7.1939),
"Hogt ddng efta bgn td rot kit d Trung Qude" (n^y 11.8.1939). Trong Bdo cdo gfti Qudc t l Cgng s ^ cuoi ihang 7.1939, Nguyen Ai Quoc ddnh gjd eao fo Notre vovc: 'T)ay Id euong Uiifa cfta ta Notre voix vi eiing Id euong liiifa cfaung cfta cde td bdo cfng san Ddng Ducmg: "Notre voix se la tilng ndi cua nfaung ngudi mong muon fada bfaifa, raudn ty do vd hgnh pfafte faon, eua nfaftng ngudi quyet tam ddu tranh ( ^ mpt cude sdng tot dep ban, dau tranfa efadng lai cdc lye lupng bdo tfau vd qi bftc xa hfi, efadng lai nfaiing kd gay cMin, efaft ngMa pfadt xit trong nudc va tr6n quie td"<^. n
(Ph^ 2 ti^ theo so thdng 3.2017)
{\)AnhCd Nguyin Lumg BSng. Nxb. CTQG. H., 2005, tr.85.
(2) S6ng Hong, B4i flier Tin tudng: Tho, Nxb. Van hqc, H., 1966, tr. 15.
(3) Trudng Chinh tiiu sic, Nxb. CTQG, H , 2007, tr.69, (4) Trucmg Chinh tuyin tgp, 11, Nxb. CTCJG, H., 2007, t 69va72.
(5) Truang Chinh tuyin tgp, t l , Nxb CTQG, H., 2007, tr.78-8I.
(6) H6 Chi Minh todn tap, Nxb CTQG, xult bin Ian 4 6 ba, 2011, tip 3, tr. 182-183.
1 2 If UIAH CHIHH TRI VAIRUYQIII -8^2/2017
