Hl/dNG DAN QUAN LY, sO DUNG
SUU TAM M A U V A T TAI DIA PHUONG DE DAY HOC NOI DUNG "BAO QUAN,
CHE BIEN NONG, LAM, THUY SAN"
• Nguyen V a n Minh. V o Thj Ve^ T r a n T h j D i e m Thiiy^ Le Thi T h u H a Trudng DHSP - DH Hue
WWn ati vat la loai phOPng l l ^ y * tien day hpc cd gia tri nang cao hieu qua day hpe ndi ehung va day hpc Ky thuat ndng nghiep (KTNN) d phd thong ndi rieng.
Ngoai viec nang eao hieu qua ITnh hpi tri thOe, viec sO dung mau vat tai dja phOdng vao day hpc KTNN cdn dem lai sO hOng thu hpc tap, tao cd hpi eho hpe sinh (HS) gan kie'n thOc da hpc vdi thOe tien san xua't va nang eao hieu qua giao due dia phOdng thdng qua day hpc KTNN d phd thdng. Vi vay, viee sOu tam va sO dung mau vat tai dja phOPng de day hpc "Bao quan, che bie'n ndng, lam, thuy san" d trOdng phd thong la can thie't.
1. Mot so yeu cau khi sufu tam va sii dung m i u vat tai dja phi/dng
- M l u vat dope sOu tam de dOa vao day hpc phan anh dope npi dung day hpc, chOa dung va ed kha nSng truyen tai lupng tri thUe dii Idn.
- Mau vat phai phuc vu cho yeu eau doi mdi PPDH hien nay - M l u vat phai dam bao eac tieu ehi, yeu cau ky thuat va tham my,...
- M l u vat phai phat trien dupc nang lOe to duy ky thuat va to duy kinh te cho HS.
- M l u vat phai cd tai dia phOdng, gan lien vdi thOe tien san xua't dja phOdng. - ~
2. SUU tam mau vat tai dja phUdng de day hpc npi dung
"Bao quan va che bien nong, lam, thuy san" d trUdng pho thong. Viec sOu tam va sO dung m l u vat tai dja phOdng de day hpc npi dung "Bao quan va che bie'n nong, lam thuy san" d trung hpc pho thong chung tdi da sO dung quy trinh sau:
Budc 1. Xae djnh muc tieu Muc tieu day hpc la sO cu the hoa muc tieu cua chOdng trinh mdn hpc. Muc tieu nay phai bao gdm muc tieu cua bai hpc ma sach giao khoa da cdng khai. Khi da xao djnh mue tieu giao vien (GV) se cd djnh hodng td't de xae dinh phOdng phap, phUdng tien, hinh thOc td chOc day hpc..., trong dd cd viee djnh hUdng tim kie'm m l u vat tai dja phUPng.
BUdc 2: Nghien cufu ngi dung day hoc
Bude nay GV nghien cOu ky ndi dung day hpc da dope trinh bay trong sach giao khoa.
Nghien cOu bai day trong sach giao khoa, GV se xae djnh dope nhOng kie'n thOc cd ban;
nhOng kie'n thOc can bd sung, md rpng, cap nhat; nhOng kie'n thOc can khai quat hda, cu the hda..., to dd djnh hodng cho viec tim kie'm, bd sung nguon to lieu can thie't, trong dd cd m l u vat hdp ly. Dac die'm cua npi dung day hpe quy dinh loai mau vat ma GV can tim kie'm.
Vi d u , k h i ndi dung day hpe la "Che bie'n san (khoai my)"
thi m l u vat can sou tam va sO dung tai dia phOdng la: san todi (cu), san lat khd, tinh bdt san, san len men... NhOng m l u nay se dai dien cho mdt hoac mpt sd quy trinh che bie'n san ma HS can ITnh hpi.
Tuy nhien cung khong nen bat bupc sO dung hoan toan eae m l u vat tai dia phOdng ma can phai ke't hpp nhieu loai phOdng tien day hpc khae nhau de bai day phong phu va dat muc tieu day hpc. Vi du vdi npi dung "Che bie'n san (khoai my)" ngoai nhOng mau vat tai dja phOdng da ndi tren, GV cd the ke't hdp vdi video clip che' bie'n san bang may cong nghiep hoac mpt sd tranh anh khae phu hpp.
BUdc 3: Nghien cQu thUc tiin san xua't ndng nghiep tai dia phuang
Khi da xae djnh dope m l u vat can sou tam, GV phai nghien cOu thOe t i i n san xua't nong nghiep tai dja phUPng (nganh nghe san xua't, mua vu...) de xae djnh tinh kha thi ciia viec tim kie'm va sO dung loai mau vat can thie't. De tang cudng giao due dja phUdng, GV nen Uu tien chpn lUa nhOng m l u vat la nguyen lieu hoac san pham quy trinh san xua't nao dd hien cd tai dja phoPng dap Ong nhu cau day hpc.
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So 63 thang 11 nam 2010 2 1HUdNG DAN QUAN LY, SCT DUNG
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Vi du: 6 tinh ThOa Thien Hue ed nghe tom chua GV nen sou tam nhOng m l u vat ciia qua trinh che bien tom tOdi thanh tdm chua thanh pham de lam phong phu ndi dung day hpc "Che bie'n thuy san".
Td't nha't la d i n HS de'n quan sat trOc tie'p eac ed sd san xua't che bie'n ndng, lam, thuy san de HS cd the quan sat toan bp quy trinh che bie'n dd. NhOng trong dieu kien day hpc d phd thdng hien nay dieu nay khd thOe hien.
BUdc 4: Tuyen chon va xCl ly sU pham
M l u vat sau khi thu thap, de sO dung trong day hpe, can phai xO ly de nhOng m l u vat dd phu hpp vdi muc tieu, npi dung bai hpc trong sach giao khoa va djnh hOdng td chOc qua trinh day hpc. Sau khi xO ly, m l u vat phai dap Ong muc tieu va npi dung bai day, la ngudn eung cap kie'n thOc hay each thOe de GV td chOc hoat dpng nhan thOe eho HS. NhO vay, mau vat phai chOa dOng kie'n thOe va phUPng phap day hpe eho mpt npi dung cu the.
M l u vat sau khi xO ly sO pham cd the sO dung trong hoat ddng day hpc. NhOng m l u vat nao khong dap Ong cac yeu eau tren thi se khong dupe tuyen chpn de sO dung trong day hpc npi dung da xae djnh.
Mau vat tUPi sdng cd the dupe eat giO d eac dieu kien nha't djnh de khdng bj ho hdng, cac m l u vat khdng tOdi sd'ng thi chOng ta cd the bao quan dope lau hdn de dOa vao bai day. Nho vay, m l u vat de chung ta day phan nay thi phan Idn la GV to sou tap va dOa vao bai day cua minh, khdng de dope lau dai tO nam nay sang nam khae nho cac tranh, anh hay sd dd...
BUdc 5: SCl dung miu vat M l u vat dOdc chpn lOa kem theo phOdng an sO dung trong giao an. Tuy theo dieu kien cu the de sO dung mau vat da sOu tam vao cac muc dieh ly luan day hpc khae nhau: Sif dung m l u vat de day bai mdi, ciing cd hoan thien tri thOe hoac kiem tra danh gia...
3. V i du minh hoa
Khi day hpc npi dung "Che
Hinh 2. San cu tOdi
bie'n san (khoai mi)" (Bai 44, SGK Cdng nghe 10), ehung tdi sO dung m l u vat thu tai dja ban thanh phd Hue (tinh ThOa Thien Hue): Cu san tOdi, san lat khd, tinh bpt san, sdi s i n tOdi, banh ipe (lam tO tinh bpt san).
Sau dd GV td chOc HS khai thae eae m l u vat dd de hpc tap eac phOPng phap che bie'n san va quy trinh che bie'n tinh bdt san bang each td chOc HS tra Idi lan lopt cac cau hdi sau:
- Hay nhan bie't eae mau vat nay?
- Cae mau vat tren la san pham cua qua trinh san xuat nao?
- Cae m l u vat: san lat khd, 'tinh bdt san, spi san tOdi, banh lpc cd ngudn gd'c chung tO nguyen lieu nao?
- Vay qua trinh tO cu san tOdi bie'n thanh san lat khd, tinh bdt san, spi san tOdi, banh lpc gpi la qua trinh gi? TO dd eho bie't ed bao nhieu phOdng phap che bie'n san?
- TO eu san tOdi ban dau de'n tinh bpt san can trai qua nhOng bodc nao?
Trong qua trinh thu m l u vat tai thanh phd Hue, chung tdi da chup mpt sd hinh minh hoa (chup ngay 19/4/2010)."
Hinh 3. Mai san thanh sdi Hinh 4. Tinh bdt san
TAI LIEU THAIVl KHAO 1. Nguyen Duan (2007), Bo sung tu lieu day hpc mon Cong nghe ldp 7 (phan Nong nghiep), Tap chi Thiet bj Giao duo. So 26, tr,25-28.
2. Nguyin Duan (2007), HUflng d i n HS suu tam va sU dyng tU lieu hoc tap mon Cong nghe (Nong nghiep) 6 trUdng PT, Tap chi Thiet bj giao dgc, Sd 28, tr, 18-20.
3. N g u y i n Duan, Dau Thj Nam Binh (2007), SUu tam thiet bj day hpc phan "Bao quan, che bien nong, lam, thuy san" mon Cong nghe Idp 10 THPT", Tap chi Thiet bi giao dye. So chuyen de 2009, tr.
16-18.
2 2 So 63 thang 11 nam 2010
