TAP CHl KHOA H Q C X A H Q I s i i S B M i
CAC NGUYEN NHAN NlAC BENH C O A T U NHAN d NHA TU CON BAO GIAI DOAN 1946 - 1954
H 6 V I ^ T H U N G '
Nhi til Cdn Bio duge tidn hinh xiy dung tw nam 1862, ngay sau khi Phip xic lip vide dd hp ddi v&i 3 tinh mien Dong cua Nam Ky. Day la met trong nhu'ng nhi tu diu tiin vi cd quy md l&n nhit d mien Nam mi thwc din Phap xiy dirng dd giam giir nhung thanh phin bi coi li chdng ddi, de dpa tien trinh 'khai sing vin minh cho cic din tpc da man' cua nwdc Phip. Nhi tu Cdn Dao duge gpi la 'dia ngpc trin gian' vi chd dd giam cam khic nghlet, che dp lao ddng cue khd vi nhung hinh thue ky luit, tra tan, dinh dip til nhin hit sO'C da man, hang ngin tu nhin bpnh tpt lien mien. Treng bii viet nay tic gia phin tich tinh hinh tu nhin mac binh giai dean 1946 - 1954 dd cd the thiy them mpt khia cpnh "dja ngpc' & nhi tu Cdn Bio.
Tw khda: Cdn Dao, nhd tD, tD nhdn, bpnh tpt
Nhin bii ngiy: 15/12/2019; dua vio bien tip: 20/12/2019; phan bipn: 2/1/2020;
duyet ding: 15/3/2020 LBATVANDe
Trong giai dopn 1946 - 1954 vdo lue nhilu nhlt nhd tD Cdn Dap giam gid han 2.500 tu nhdn, da phln trpng s l dd la tu chinh tri, tu binh, ehi cd mdt s l rat it tu thydng pham. Tu nhan d nha tD Cdn Ode bj giam e l m nghiem ngat trong cac khdm giam cua Banh 1, Banh 11. Ndm 1951 khi chuyin tD binh dau tien t d miln Bde bi lyu ddy ra day, gidm ddc nhd tD Cdn Dao cho sda chda lai Banh III r l i d l i ten thdnh Trai 111 d l giam gly tu binh.
Trong giai dopn 1946 - 1954 r l t nhilu tD nhan dd c h i t vi bpnh tat khi bj giam cam d nhd tD Cdn Dao. Nghien cdu
Tryiirng Chinh tri tinh Bd Ria -
cae nguyen nhan d i n d i n tinh trpng benh tat ciia tD nhan la can thilt d l cd nhdng ddnh gid xae dang v l chinh sdch eal tri cua thyc dan Phap doi vdi nhdng ngydi tu yeu nyde Viet Nam.
2. TLI NHAN M A C BENH 6/ NHA TU CON D A O GIAI DOAN 1946 -1954 Theo cac bao cao y t l eua nhd tu C l n Oao, trong giai doan 1946 1954, hang thdng cd ea ngdn lyat benh nhan, chu y l u Id tu nhan khdm benh hang tram ngydi phai nhpp vien d i l u tri, vdi ngydi trong sd dd khdng qua khoi dd ndm lai Nghia .rang Hdng
Dyang. "
Bao cao y t l nguypt ky thang 7,. g cua nhd tu eho thIy "Trong th.ng ^
:..• ,,i ; , ,', • . - " , ' tham
HO V I £ T HCING - cAc N G U Y S N NHAN MAC B E N H COA...
khdm sdc khoe, 80 ngydi nhap vien dilu trj" (Assitance Medicale de Poulo Condore, ho sa E03/272). Trong s l ngydi dyge thdm khdm y t l thi nhilu nhlt la khdm v l hd h i p cd 399 ngydi, 259 ngydi khdm dygng tieu hda, 127 ngydi khdm ve t h i l u hut vitamin, 45 ngydi khdm lao phoi... tong s l ngay dilu trj cho 80 bpnh nhan nhpp vipn trong thdng Id 1.608 ngay, binh quan mpt ngydi bpnh phai n l m d i l u tri 20 ngdy. Nhdng cpn so trong ban bao cdo ndy cho t h I y mdc dp vd tinh c h i t nghiem trpng cua bpnh tpt d l i vdi tu nhdn.
Cdc cdn bpnh v l dydng tieu hda, hd hip, da l i lu khd p h i biln d nhd tD, hdng thdng ludn ed m i y trdm tD nhdn phai thdm khdm vi nhdng edn bpnh nay. Td nam 1946 d i n 1950 so lygng tD nhdn d nhd tD Cdn Dae dpp dpng trong khoang t d 1.000 d i n 1.500 ngydi; vd vdi 2.067 lygt khdm bpnh trong thdng 7/1949 thi cd t h i thIy h l u nhy mpi ngydi tD d day d l u mdc bdnh. Tu nhan ludn phai d l i dien vdi hdng chyc lopi bpnh tat nguy h i l m , trong dd ddng lo l i n g nhlt Id bpnh s i t rdt, lap phii hay bdnh phu thung, benh hd hip.
Djch bpnh set rdt (paludisme) da hai lln bDng phdt d Cdn Dao trong giai dopn nay. Lan dau tien Id c u l i nam 1946, Idm hdng tram tD nhan, gidm thj vd ca vg con gidm thj m i c bdnh. Giam die nhd tD Cdn Dao Brold phai yeo c l u ho trg y t l t d Sdi Gdn. Bp Y t l Cdng cpng d i gyi rat nhieu thuee Quinacrine cho nhd tu, bdc sT Capponi
t d Vien Pasteur d Sal Gdn dygc d i l u ra ehi dpo dap djch benh, mdt khoan ngan sach dae bipt dygc eung e l p cho Cdn Dao d l khdng che djch sot ret va dich than Bd trydng Bp Y t l Cdng cpng ra thi sdt tinh hinh djch bdnh tai Cdn Dao. Gidi chdc nhd tu phai m l t g i n 1 ndm mdi cd t h i khIng e h l djch bdnh nay. Thdng 12/1947 tinh hinh djch sdt ret ca ban dygc khIng e h l "Nhd thyc hipn cdc phyang phdp d y phdng theo hydng dan vd vide cung e l p thuoc Quinacrine kjp thdi cua Bd Y t l Cdng cdng, da giam d y g c 75% s l ea m I c s i t ret d nha tD" (Minister de la Santd PDbliqDP, ho sa G80-81). Tuy nhien 2 ndm sau djch bpnh s i t rdt b i t d l u cd d l u hipu bung phat trd lai, b i t d l u t d nhyng thdng c u l l ndm 1949 vd d dinh Id thdng 3/1950 khi cd tdi 183 ngydi mac s i t ret, 20 ngydi trong s l dd phai nhap vidn d i l u tri; "Thdng 5/1949 ed 31 ngydi m I c s i t ret, trong dd bao gom 3 ngydi Au, 5 linh d i n trD, 8 thydng ddn, 15 tu nhdn. Thdng 9/1949 ed 58 ngydi m I c s i t ret g I m 5 ngydi Au, 21 thydng dan vd 32 tD nhdn. Thdng 1/1950 ed 62 ngydi mac sot ret g i m 8 ngydi Au, 5 linh d i n tru, 15 thydng dan va 34 tD nhan. Thang 3/1950 ed 183 ngydi m I c s i t ret gom 25 ngydi Au, 9 linh ddn trD, 62 thydng dan vd 87 tu nhan" (Assitance Medicale de Poulo Condore, 1950) Gidi chdc nhd tD td ra r l t lo Idng v l tinh hlnh djch bdnh s i t ret phdt triln nhanh chdng d nhd tD Cdn Oao, trong cac ban bdo cao y t l nguypt ky ndm 1949 -1950 da danh han mdt mye Idn
TAP CHl l O H O A H Q C X M l O l i i l g a i ^ d p h l n d l u d l bao cdo tinh hinh benh
nhdn mdc edn bpnh ndy. Djch bdnh sot ret ehi d y g c khdng c h l vdo c u l i nam 1950, tuy nhien trong s u i t nhdng nam sau ndy s l ngydi mdc benh s i t ret ehi gidm di md khdng hit, nhlt Id nhdng thdng mDa mya vdo c u l i ndm.
Cung vdi bpnh s i t ret, bpnh lao p h i i (Tuberculose pulmonaire) pho bien d ddy, tu nhan mdc cdn bpnh nay coi nhy bj tuyen dn t d hinh, e l m ehle cdi chit. Lao p h i i Id bdnh xd hdi nguy hilm, nguydn nhdn chinh gdy benh Id do nhilm tryc khuln Mycobacterium tuberculosis, vi khuln ndy phdt triln t d mdi trydng I m mIc, khdi bgi, vp sinh kdm. Nhd til Cdn Dap giai dppn ndy giam gid tdi hdng ngdn ngydi tD trong nhdng kham giam am ydt, ban thiD la nguyen nhan chinh d i n d i n nhilu tD nhan bj bpnh lao vd c h i t vi cdn bpnh ndy. Thang 7/1949 trong s l 80 tD nhan phai n l m dilu trj thi cd tdi 10 ngydi la dilu tri lao phoi. Thdng 3/1950 cd 124 ngydi n l m benh xd dilu trj thi ed 13 bdnh nhdn d i l u trj lao phoi. Trong cdc ban bdo cdo y t l nguyet ky cua nhd tD Cdn Oao cho thIy h l u nhy thdng ndo d nhd tD nay cung cd tD nhan c h i t vi benh tat, md phln nhilu trpng so dd la c h i t vi cdn bpnh lao p h i i qudi ac "Thdng 8/1949 ed 1 tD nhan c h i t vi lao phoi, s l tD C.11.277. Thdng 9/1949 cd 5 tD nhan chit, trong dd 1 ngydi chit vi trgy tim (eollapsgs eardieqge), 1 ngydi c h i t khdng rd nggyen nhan (d'origlne indeterminee), 1 ngydi ch4f vi lao p h i i (Tubereglose pglmc - ,,
ngydi c h i t vi viem gan (hepatP ndphrite), 1 ngydi c h i t vl chay iriag trong (d'hemorragie interne). Thdng 10/1949 cd 2 to nhdn chiL 1 n g ^ " ' c h i t vi lao phoi, 1 ngydi c h i t vi da c h i n thyang (plaies multiples ).
Thdng 4/1953 ed 2 tD nhdn chet, trong dd 1 ngydi Id tD binh (P.I.M) c h i t ngdy 26/3 do hdn me sau (coma apoplectlque), 1 tD nhan c h i t ngdy 16/4 do bpnh lao p h i i (tdberculose pulmonaire)" (Assitance Medicale de Poulo Condore, 1953). Hdng dem d khap cac khdm tD, n h l t Id d nhdng khdm biet lap, cam e l tilng ho cua tu nhan m I e bdnh lao, benh hd h i p thau dem s u i t sang.
Benh phD thung (Beriberi), can bpnh ndy lam suy nhyge eg, te phD, liet chan ma nguyen nhan chinh y l u la c h l dp an u I n g t h i l u t h i n , khdng dam bap eung cap vitamin. R l t nhieu tu nhan d nhd tD Cdn Dao bj can bpnh nay nhat la trong nhdng nam dau khi tdi lap nhd tu; "Thang 8/1949 cd 33 tu nhan mac benh phD thdng, 3 ngydi trong s l dd dang d y p c d i l u trj tai tram y t l . Thang 3/1950 cd 38 tD nhan m I c bdnh phu thiing, 6 ngydi trpng so dd dang d y p c d i l u trj tai tram y t l "
(Assitance Medicale de Poulo Condore, 1950). Hau h i t nhdng ngydi tu bi e l m c l , bj giam biet lpp trong xd lim mac cdn bpnh ndy, 10 ngydi bj nhot xd lim thi cd tdi 9 ngydi khi dygc cho ra ngoai bi phu thung, li^t chan khdng di lpi d y g c .
Naoai nhdng can benh k l tren day, tu ' ehuc
HO VIET HONG - CAC NGUYEN NHAN MAC BENH COA lopi benh tdt khae nda cung rat nguy
hilm nhy; bpnh v l dydng hd h i p (maladies respiratoire ), benh viem da do vi khuln (ghe).
3. CAC NGUYEN NHAN CHU Y^U D A N D E N TiNH TRi^NG BENH TAT C O A T O NHAN (y NHA TU CON D A O GIAI DOAN 1 9 4 6 - 1 9 5 4
3.1. C h l d9 va chinh sdch lao tu khac nghipt
Thw nhat. che dp lao dpng khd sai ning nhpc ciing su tra tin da man ve the xie va tinh than tii nhin Lao dpng k h i sai id mpt hinh thdc bdc Idt sdc Iyc ngydi tD, dd id mdt hoat dpng eg t h i phan dnh qgan d i l m "lly chien tranh nudi chiln tranh" eua nhdng ke xam lyge. 0 Cdn Oao mot hp thing hgn 20 s d chuyen mdn dygc xdy dyng khIp ngi d l khai thdc sdc tD: Sd Mull, Sd Tieu, Sd Cui, sd Ld Gpch, Sd Ld Vdi, Sd Chuong Bd, Sd Rly, Sd Chi Ton, Sd Ban C h l , Sd Lydi... Mdi sd chuydn mdn dygc b l tri thanh nhdng kip tD d l lao ddng k h i sai. Djnh mdc lao ddng kho sai eua tD nhan dygc quy djnh r l t cao, v y g t khdi kha ndng vd d i l u kien lao ddng thyc t l tpi Cdn Dao. R l t nhilu tD nhdn bj ky lupt, bj ddnh, bj gilt vi khdng hoan thanh djnh mdc lao ddng k h i sal trong thdi gian ndy.
Tu nhan di lao dpng kho sai ngay 2 bull, trya vd t l i v l lai kham, ehi mpt s l rat it tD nhan di lao ddng kho sai d xa khdm giam nhy la kip keo cay, kip phue vu duy tu ngpn hai dang d hdn Bai Canh, hay kip ddn ciii, kip lam dydng ra B i n Dam thi a lai trong cae
khdm da dyge xay dyng san d dd va chju sy giam sat eua lye lygng gde nggc.
Nhilu cdng viec k h i sai h i t sdc eye k h i d l i vdi tD nhan. Thdng 10/1949 tpi Sd Cui (Coupe de bois) cd 76 tD nhan, nhd tu quy djnh mdi tD nhdn phai d i n 5 t i c cui/ngdy, ca Sd Cui phai npp 38m^ cui/ngdy, 1.140m' cui/thdng.
"San lygng cui khai thdc dygc trong thang 10/1949 la 729m^ s l lao dpng d i n cui Id 76 tu nhdn" (Assitance Medicale de Poulo Condore, 1949, h i sa E03/272). Nam 1952 san lygng vdi nung ciia Sd Ld vdi Id 240 t i n , "san lygng vdi trong nam Id 240 t i n , vda du cho mye dich eua nhd tD"
(Direction des lies du Peniteneier de Poulo - Condore, 1952, h i sg s l G80- 113), vdi 240 t i n vdi nung thi kip tD l l y san hd phai mang v l trdn dydi 400 tan san hd, try di nhdng ngdy nyde idn hope mya bdp khdng khai thdc dygc thi binh quan mdi ngdy di lam b i t k l mya nang, kip tD hgn 50 ngydi phai mang v l giao ndp khoang han 13 tan san hd/ngay. Lao ddng kho sai nang nhpc dd bdo mdn than xdc tu nhan, nhilu tu nhdn suy kipt t r i m trpng v l t h i lye, ca t h i khdng du sdc d l khang cung la mpt trpng nhdng nguyen nhdn dan d i n d l mac benh tat.
Thir hai, che dp in, mac ciia tu nhan thieu thdn
Che dp an cua tD nhan khae d nha tu Cdn Dao nhin tren g i l y td eung khd t i t , mdi ngdy ngydi tD dygc 700 gram gao dd, 10 gram dydng, 20 gram
TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HQI s 6 3 j a . i H ^ muoi, 200 gram cd khd, 10 gram
tyang, 50 gram do xanh, 20 gram md, 20 gram nyde m I m vd m i l t u l n dygc 150 gram thjt bd, 120 gram thit heo.
Tuy nhien c h l dp dn nay chi thIy tren gily, thyc t l thi chya mpt ngydi tD ndp bj giam gly d day ed dygc mdt bya dn nhy vay (Sud Vietnam, Direction des finaees. Order de Recette, 1952). Tu nhdn hdng ngdy chi dygc dn lyng bdt cam gao x l u , mdt It ed khd mge da d l trong kho I m ydt ed khi ed nda nam. Cd khd thi chinh quyin Nam phln giao cho cac tinh Bpc Lidu, Sdc Trang mua cua t y nhdn vdi gia re mat, ai bd gid re nhlt thi trung thIu eung e l p ed cho nhd tu.
Tu nhan lidn tuc d l u tranh ddi cai thipn bda dn, tuy nhidn tinh hinh ching dygc thay doi gi, mai tdi thang 3/1954 mdi thIy Gidm d i e Tdi chinh cua chinh quyin Nam phan gdi cho tinh trydng Bpc Lieu mdt bdc didn ndi v l van d l ndy "Tdi bao tin cho dng rd, m i y lan tinh Bpc Lieu gdi khd ien Sal Gdn lai khdng gpp tau di Cdn Dao. S l khd dd phai bj dy try lai tpi kho vat lipu trong mpt thdi gian r l t Iau, cd khi d i n g i n hai thdng. O l n khi cd tdu thi khd da cD vd phan nhieu khdng dung dygc" (Giam d i e Tai chinh, 1954, hd sa so G84-114). Tuy nhien, bdc dipn ndy chya kip dygc phue dap thi nhdng ngydi tD da xulng tdu rdi khdi
"dja nggc trin gian Cdn Oao". Bdc dipn t h i hipn sy "quan tam" ndy eua dng Giam d i e Tdi chinh chi id hinh thdc vi s y thpt la chinh quyin Nam p h l n cung da bilt rd vd d l nnodi tai vipc nay. Khdng ehi an u ..
t h i n ma q u i n do cung h i t sdc hpn c h l , mdi tu nhdn quanh nam chi co mdt manh chilu rdeh, mpt bp quan dp egt tay mdng tang khdng diJ de hp ching ehpi vdi nhdng can gid bien lanh bult trcng nhdng ddm ddng. Lao ddng eye nhpc, an uIng kham khp cpng vdi sy thilu t h i n qudn do trong nhdng ngdy gia ret id nhdng nguyen nhan Idm suy kiet sdc lye tD nhdn, tpo thuan lgi eho bdnh tat gia tang.
Thu ba, chd dp giam cam hi khio, khim giam chat hep, im mdc, dg ban Nhd tD Cdn Dap d y g c thyc dan Phap xdy dyng nam 1862 trdn trang d i t ddi b l n g phang ndm giap b i l n d phia ddng cua hdn Cdn Ldn Ldn. Nhd tD dyge xay dyng trong mpt khoang thdi gian rat dai vd qoa nhieu giai dpan ljch sd. Thdi ky 1946 - 1 9 5 4 he thing nhd tD Cdn Dao cd 3 Banh, mdi banh gom nhilu phdng giam ed kich thydc ldn, be khac nhau. Hau h i t cac phdng giam d l u d y g c xay dyng rat kien eo, tydng day 60em d i n 80em, moi phdng ed 2 Idp cda, xung quanh phdng giam Id mdt day bp xi mang xay cap 1m lam cho ngu cho ngydi tD, nha vp sinh khdng cd cda d y g c ddt trong mpt gde phdng giam. Tuy vdo dipn tich eua phdng giam vd tuy vap tdng thdi d i l m nhd tD b l tri so lygng tD nhan trong m i l phong. Nhin ehung s l lygng tD nhan trong mdi phdng giam Id r l t ddng, ed nhilu phdng giam chda han 100 tu nhan.
Nhd tD thilt lap e h l dd giam gig. tu nhdn h i t sdc nghiem ngat, d l i „6.i
• d y a
HO VIET HiJNG - CAC N G U Y £ N NHAN MAC BENH COA..
vdo giam c i m c l trong khdm t d hlnh d Banh I. Ngodi tD nhan khdm t d hinh bj bidt giam thi vdo dau nam 1951 gidm doc nha tD La p h i t l l y 3 khdm 8, 9, 10 thilt lpp khu biet lpp d Banh 11 d l giam gly nhdng thdnh p h l n tD nhan bj coi la chong d l i , vi pham ndi quy hay lanh dpp tu nhdn d l u tranh ddi quyen lgi. Thyc c h i t dd id cai cd d l nha tD d l y tD nhan vdo khu biet lap.
thilt lpp mpt bipn phdp trdng phat vdi tu nhdn, edi chinh y l u phia sau Id gidm d i e nha tu m u l n thilt lpp lai e h l dp c^p rang, dya tu thydng pham Ien Idm edp rang eal quan tD nhan d cdc kham tD, t y d c di sy lanh dpo cua tD khdng chiln. Khu biet lap id nai d l giam rieng lye lygng nhdng ngydi tD khdng chiln ed anh hydng d l i vdi tD nhdn. Han 200 tD nhan bj liet vdo thdnh phan nguy h i l m vd bj day vao giam trong 3 khdm am thap, chat ehpi d khu biet lap Banh 11, thyc hidn c h l dp giam d m e l m c l . Trong ban bao cdo gdi gidi hdu trdch nam 1952 Gidm doc nha tD Cdn Oao Jarty dd thda nhpn viee giam gly e l m ed doi vdi nhdng tD nhan nay; "Khoang 200 tD nhdn, nhdng ed nhan lanh dao nguy hilm da phai cdch ly va khdng t h i sd dgng hp vap b i t cd cdng vide gl" (Directipn des lies du Peniteneier de Peulp - Cpndpre. 1952, ho sa sd G80-113; 4). Che dd e l m c l tD nhan r l t khic nghlet va tan de d i n d i n phln Idn tD nhan sao mdt thdi gian bj giam gly e l m c l d khu biet lap nay d l u bj bdnh tram trpng nhy phD thCing, lao, kilt ly, ghe... hdnh ha. Thang 7/1954 tryde khi d y a c trao tra t y do
nhdng ngydi tD da v i l t San an xim luge Phap t l cdo c h l dp giam cam hd k h i c "Khu biet lap md nhd tu dyng Ien t d thdng 3/1951... ehi han 1 nam trdi ma 9 ngydi bd mang, 31 ngydi m i c benh lao do bde sT xdc nhdn" (Phdng Tuyen h u l n Cdn Dao, 1954; 17).
D i l u kien vd sinh r l t kdm, trong phdng giam mui I m mIe, mDi hdi thii, thilu anh sdng... la nhdng d i l u kidn thuan Igi eho vi khuln gay bdnh. Giam doc nhd tD Cdn Dao Jarty trong ban bdo cdo nam 1952 da thda nhdn tinh trpng toi td Ciia Banh 111; "Banh III dygc xdy dyng d mpt nai khdng tot, vdo mua mya t d thdng 5 d i n thdng 11, sdn Id mpt cai ao ldn, nyde khdng t h i dDng dyge cho sinh hoat hdng ngdy"
(Direction des lies du Peniteneier de Poulo - Condore, 1952: 6).
3.2. L y e l y g n g y t l vd trang t h i l t bj kham. chipa benh cua nhd tu Con Dao giai doan 1946 -1954 t h i l u hyt T d khi tdi chilm lai nha tD nam 1946, Giam d i e nha tu Cdn Dao d l u tidn trong giai dopn nay la Gimbe da eho sda chda lai benh xd, dong thdi d l nghj gidi chdc d i l u ddng lye lygng y t l ra ldm nhiem vg kham, chda bdnh eho vien chdc nha tD, gia dinh vg con vidn chdc vd tu nhan bdnh nang. Trdn thyc t l , lye lygng y t l d bdnh xa nhd tD Cdn Oao ehu y l u Id d l phgc vg cdng tdc khdm chda benh cho giam thj va gia dinh gidm thi, ddi vdi tu nhdn thi nhd tu s d dung chinh lye lygng tD de lam nhiem vg y t l nhy d p phat thgoe, tiem, chi nhdng ngydi tD benh nang mdi d y g c ldn dilg trj d
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQI sd 3^«l_t tram xd y t l vd dygc bdc sT chda tri.
Nguon Iyc y t l han hpp, trang thilt bj khdm chifa bpnh thilu thon, chinh sdch thdm khdm, dilu tri sdc khde cho tD nhan cpng vdi thdi dp Idm vide hdi hgt, d l i phd eua lye lyang y t l Id mdt nguyen nhdn d i n d i n nhieu djch bpnh bDng phdt d nha tu Cdn Dao trong giai doan ndy.
Bdnh xd Cdn Oao td ndm 1946 d i n 1954 ehi ed 6 nhdn vien y t l gom 1 bde sT ngydi Au, 1 nd hd sinh, 3 y td vd 1 dilu dydng tat ea d l u Id ngydi Vipt. Cho dil s l lygng tD nhdn sau ndm 1950 tdng Ien nhilu, cd lue tdi hgn 2.500 ngydi nhyng Iyc lygng nhdn vidn y t l van khdng thay d l i , chi dap ddng t d 5 d i n 6 ngydi "Thdng 1/1950 bpnh xd nhd tu ed bdc sT quan dpi Delabrolse, y td trydng Le Cdng Thanh, y ta T r i n Van Minh, Nguyin Ngpc Hpnh, hp sinh Phung Thj Spnh".
Trong cdc bdo cdo y t l , bde sT trydng bdnh xd Cdn Dao ludn d l cpp d i n v l n d l ndy, "Thdng 4/1953 binh quan 1 bde sT khdm cho 2.313 lygt benh nhdn vd 1 y td d i l u tri cho 578 lygt ngydi".
Bdc sT ngydi Au d l u tidn d nha tD Cdn Oao trong giai dopn 1946 - 1954 id bdc sT quan y Darble, d l u ndm 1948 bdc sT Darble chuyin v l Sdi Gdn, bdc sT trung uy Charles ra thay. Thdng 11/1949 bdc sT Charies dyac dilu chuyin v l Sal Gdn, bdc sT quan dpi Delabrpise ra thay t h i va dyge ehi djnh ldm trydng tram y t l . Ngay 31/7/1951 bdc sT Dygng Thue Huy t d Chg Ldn ra thay bdc sT [;• ;• ; •
ddy la ngydi Viet duy nhlt gid vi tri bdc sT trydng, cDng ra vdi bac sT HDy trong thdng 7 cdn cd y td trydng Lu Vdn Sanh ra thay t h i y ta trydng Ld Cdng Thanh d y g c d i l u chuyin v l Sal Gdn "Bde sT Dyang Thge Huy thay the bdc sT Delabrolse t d ngdy 31/7/1951.
Y td Lu Vdn Sanh thay t h i y td trydng Ld Cdng Thanh ngdy 17/7/1951"
(Rapport d'assistance medicale et d'action soeiale, ho sa d30-11). Thang 11/1952 y td Nguyen VSn Tan d y g c dilu ra tang cydng eho bpnh xd nhd tD Cdn Dao khi s l lygng tD nhdn a day da v y g t tren 2.000 ngydi. Thang 12 ndm 1952 bdc sT quan ddi Rozieres dygc d i l u ra ldm trpm trydng y t l d nhd tu Cdn Dao thay t h i bac sT Dyang Thuc Huy h i t thdi gian ldm vide theo quy djnh vd chuyin v l Sal Gdn. Bac sT Rozieres lam vipe nhipt tinh va trdch nhipm, nhieu tu nhan od cam tinh vdi dng.
Khdng ehi t h i l u hut nhan vien y t l md dilu lo ngpi n h l t IDe bay gid cua nhd tu Id thilu trang thilt bj, n h i t Id thuoc d l d i l u trj bpnh. Bdnh xd nhd tD ehi cd chu y l u Id thuoc ky ninh (Qulning) dpng vien 0,25mmg vd dpng ong 0,40mmg, t h u l c Quinacrine dpng vien 0,10mmg vd dpng Ing 0,30mmg, ca 2 lopi thulc ndy dung d l d i l u tri s i t rdt can bpnh khd p h i biln d nhd tD C l n Oao, ngodi ra cdn cd mdt it thulc khang sinh dieu tri bpnh thyang han bpnh dau mDa. Thilu bdc ST vd thilt bi kham chda bpnh bupc nha tD ohai
< = * ^ " y ^ " ' ' ^ , " * ^ " » ' a n v l S a i G d n a l a i 4 ,
, , Gdn
HO V | 6 T HiJNG - CAC NGUYEN NHAN MAC BENH COA., dilu trj chu y l u ddnh eho gidm thj, gia
dinh giam thj vd nhdn vien nha tu khi bdnh ndng, mac dD khi bac sT Rozieres ra lam vide tai Cdn Oao, dng da d l u tranh vdi Gidm d i e nhd tD d l dya mpt s l tti nhan bdnh ndng v l Sdl Gdn d i l u tri trong giai doan nay.
Lye lygng nhan vidn y t l nha tD ndi rieng vd nhdn vien nhd tD ndi chung phln nhilu c h i n g thilt tha gl vdi cdng vipc cai quan tD nhan ngoai Cdn Dao.
Hp coi vipe cai quan tD nhdn Id nguy hilm, mpt p h l n vi nai day toan nhdng tD nhdn dn npng, mpt p h i n vi benh tat ludn rinh rjp hp. Bp phdn nhan vien ndy td rd sy hdi hgt vdi cdng vide, hp Idm chu y l u Id vl dong lyang d l nudi sing ban than vd gia dinh. Chinh vi the ndm 1948 Gidm doc nhd tD Brule trong ban bdo cdo so 93C gdi gidi hdu trdch Chinh phu Nam p h l n khi phdn tich thai dp ldm vide cua nhan vidn phai cay d i n g gpi day la mdt cupc khung hoang tinh t h i n (erise de moral du personnel) eCia vien chdc nhd tD.
4. K t T LUAN
Tinh trang benh lat d nhd tD Cdn Dao glal doan 1946 - 1954 r i t t r i m trpng, nhilu can bdnh nguy h i l m da cydp di sinh menh hdng tram tD nhdn, hang ngan ngydi sau khi ra tD vdn tilp tge ching ehpi vdi di chdng t d benh tdt d C l n Dao. Ngudn g l c cdc cdn bpnh d nhd tD Cdn Dap chii y l u la do sy hdnh ha da man v l t h i xdc vd tinh t h i n tD nhan; d i l u kien vp sinh mdi trydng cua nhd tD da b i n , cdc khdm giam I m mIe, chat hep, la d i l u kidn tdt cua eae loai vl khuln bpnh tat phdt triln vd lay lan. Bdn canh dd, e h l dp lap ddng k h i sai eye nhpc, c h l dp an uong eua tu nhan khdng dygc dam bao trong mpt thdi gian dai lam suy kipt sdc Iyc tD nhdn, ea t h i ngydi tD thilu kha nang d l khang tryde bdnh tat. Bdnh tpt thyc sy Id n i l lo sg cua tD nhdn, la mdt khia cpnh phan anh rd rdng eho cdi gpi Id "Dja nggc trin gian Cdn Oac". •
TAI LlfU TRiCH D A N
1. Assitance IVledicale de Poulo Condore. 1949. Rapport Medical Juillet 1949. h i so E03/272, Phdng Tda dpi bilu Nam phln. Trung gia 11.
2. Assitance Medicale de Poulo Condore. 1949. Rapport Medical October 1949. H i sa E03/272, Phdng Tda dpi bilu Nam phan, Trung gia II.
3. Assitance Medicale de Poulo Condore. 1950. Rapport Medical Janvier 1950. H i so E03/272, Phdng Tda dpi bleu Nam phln. Trung gia II.
4. Assitance Medicale de Poulo Condore. 1953. Rapport Medical D'Avril 1953. H i sa E03/272, Phdng Tda dpi bilu Nam phln. Trung gia II.
Mensuel, tdm Lyu Mensuel,
tam Lyu Mensuel, tdm Luu Mensuel, tdm Lyu
mois de trd Quic mois de trd Quic mois de trd Quic mois de try Quic
TAP CHl K H O A H O C X A H O I s d S j S L S ^ 5. Direction des lies du Pdnitencier de Poulo - Condore. 1952. Rapport sur I'annie 1952, h i sa s i G80-113, Phdng Phu thu hiln Nam Vipt, Tmng tdm Lyu tri> Quoc gia II.
6. Gidm die Tdi chinh. 1954. Gidm die Tdi chinh gdi tinh tnfdng Bpc Lidu v i vide "Mua khd cho Cdn Dao", ho so so G84-114. Phdng Phu thu hiln Nam Vidt, Trung tdm Lyu trd Quic gia tl.
7. H i Viit Hung. 2019. Tdng hgp bio do y td nguypt ky ciia nhi til Cdn Bio, tu lidu cho d i tdi nghidn cdu sinh.
8. Minister de la Santd Publique. 1947. Direction de Cabinet, No971/MS-L, h i sa G80- 81. Phdng Phii thu hiin Nam Vipt. Tmng tdm Luu trif Quic gia II.
9. Phdng TuySn huln Cdn Dao. 1954. San in xim luge Phip viit ngay 22/7/1954 tpi Cdn Dao (ban viet tay).
10. Assitance Medicale de Poulo Condore. 1951. Rapport d'assistance medicale et d'action soeiale, h i sa d30-11. Phdng Phu thu hien Nam Vipt, Trung tdm Lyu trd Quoc gia 11.
11. Sud Vietnam. Direction des finaees. 1952. Order de Recette, h i sa 1582, Phdng Thu tydng Quic gia Vidt Nam, Trung tdm Lyu try Quic gia 11.
