LY LUAN KINH T I VA QUAN LY
QUAN DIEM CUA DAI HOI XII VE PHAT TRIEN DAT NUCJC
NHANH VA BEN V O N G
PGS, TS NGO TUAN NGHIA •
Phat trien dat nude nhanh va bin vung la mgt trong nhung nhiem vu trgng tam ciia nhiem ky Dai hgi XIL Dai hot da di ra chu truang mang tinh toin dien bao gim noi dung, phuang thiic. nguon luc vi dong luc di thuc hien phat triin nhanh vi ben vimg dat nudc mdt cich tong thi bao bam cie khia canh: kinb ti - xa hgi - mdi trudng - vin hda - chinb tri - an ninh quoc pbdng. die biet ddng luc cho qui trinh niy duge nhin manb d ndi him phit buy din ebu. Day li tinh than rat mdi trong tu duy pbit trien cua Ding thi hien trong van kien Dai hdi XIL
TCr kbda: Dai bdi XU. Phat triin dat nudc nhanh va bin vOng.
i f ! I S i ^ l l 2 ' " " ' ' ? * i " • * ' i l - y * ' ' . « " ' Day cung chinh li tu tudng chd dao tdng thi S A K ' ™ ^ * * " " " * * ' " ' * * * '^°"9 '""^^ hifn siu nhifm vu trong tim eua ViO<hi«USau nhifm ky Dgi hfii XII.
N«m"fiT-I^ ' ' ' ! f - \ i ' ^ " ' ' '^""^ ^^' ' " ^ ^'^' ^ h " ^^y' '^^ '^^"^ Ph^^ triln nhanh vi bin t r m f r i S ^ H r , K ;< " ' ^ f ' ' " " ' ' ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^^' ^^^ ^ " '^ P^^^^ ^nln toin difn ci gu to ldn die bift eho dat nudc, tdng budc eii kinh t l - xa hfii - mfii trudng - van hda - chfnh U.ifn V, thi cua Vift Nam trong khu vuc vi tri - an ninh qudc phdng. Nghia li, phit tr In 1 h A I "*"^"'-^""S ^"^^ -^"i ">« -^^ng -Ii nhanh vi bin vung li nhif m vu bao trum cdng
?ono n,"d 1 ' ' ' A '^ " ' " " '^^ "^^ '' "^^ P*^^^ ^ " - -^^^ -^'^ trong dilu k ^ mSi h nh'tl , ^ 1 v'2 ^ ^ ' " ' ' " ^ " ' " "'° '^'° "9Ma dd, phit triln n h L vi bin vdng
dl phit triln dit n L nhanh bin v d n o - , , , ' J ^-^ * f " ^ " ' ^ ° »^"/^'^ho sy hinh thinh nnann, pen vung tu duy mdi nhu viy xult phit td ehfnh qui
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10 iTAPCHfKINHTfvAQUANLYl S(5 19(9-2016)
m.
kinh te - xa hgi - mfii trudng. TVen thuc te, mfi hinh phat trien cua \ ^ Nam hifn bgc 16 nhieu hgn chl: Kinh t l vi mfi ea bin dn dinh nhung chug viing chie, viee bio dim eac cin ddi ldn cug nen kinh t l kem ben vflmg; kinh te phuc hdi cdn chim, ting trudng chua dgt chi tifu d l ra, chit lugng tang trudng thap; thue hifn cic dot phi chien luge vi tgo nen ting de den nam 2020 dua nude ta co bin trd thinh nudc cflng nghifp theo huong hifn dai chua dgt muc tifu d l ra; the che kinh t l thi trudng djnh hudng xi hgi chu nghia cdn nhilu vudng mic, chua tgo dugc dot phi thdc day phat trien kinh t l xa hgi;
bf thing kit eau hg ting chua dip ung yfu ciu phit triln; thue hifn co clu lgi nln kinh t l gin vdi ddi^mdi mfi hinh tang trudng cdn chgm, chua ddng bfi; cic linh vye van hda, xa bfii cdii nhilu mgt ylu kfm, chim dugc khic phuc; dng phd vdi biln ddi khi hiu, quin 1^ tai nguyfn, bio^vf mfii trudng cdn hgn ehl, tinh trgng 6 nliilm mdi trudng cham dugc cii thifn, nhilu noi cdn nghifm trgng; hifu lye quin ly nhi nudc nlulu mft cdn hgn che; su gan kit giua phit u-ien kinh t l - xi hpi vdi bio dim an ninh quoc phdng chua duge chgt che; cfing tic ddi ngogi vi hfi nhip kinh t l qudc t l cd mft chua thft ehu dgng vi hifu qui chua cao^ Nlu nhung hgn chl niy khfing sdm dugc khie phgc thi vln d l tgt hfu phit uiln ngiy cing xg hgn so vdi cie nudc trong khu vuc li hifn huu. Vdi y nghig dd, dl tgo su chuyin biln dot phi trong giai dogn tdi diy Dgi hfi XII da nhin mgnh phuong thdc phit trien dit nude trong gigi dogn tfii chfnh li pbit triln nhanh vi bin vung.
Theo mfit nghia khic, phit uiln nhanh vi bin vflmg chinb li mfnh Ifnh xult phit tu chfnh cufic sdng xa hfii, li yfu clu npi tgi cua qui trinh doi mdi di vio chieu siu cua dit nude.
Mgt khic, yfu clu phit trien nhgnh vi bin vflng khfing nhung xult phit tu ehfnh nhung ylu kem, bit eip nfii tgi nhu da nfu, van dl cdn xult phit td dge diem bdi cinh khu vye eung nhu the gidi hifn ngy Dieu niy di dugc the hifn uong nhfn djnh cug Dgi hfii XH: Khoa hpc
eong nghf phat triln rit nhanh cdng vdi toin clu hda v i hdi nhip qudc t l ngiy cing siu rgng tic dgng manh me din qui trlnh phit trien kinh t l - xa hgi cua cic qudc gia. Kinh t l thi trudng, tiln bg, cfing bang xa hdi, din chu - phap quyen, hgp tic vi dau tranh vi lgi fch qudc gia, vi boa binh phit trien vi cung giai quylt nhflmg thich thuc toin eau la xu hudng Chung cua nhan loai. Cie qudc gia dilu ehinh chiln luge phit trien, tang cudng lifn kit, vira hgp tie vda cgnh trgnh, nhit li trong thuong mgi, nhin lue, khog hgc cdng nghf. Vdi mdi trudng qudc te nhu viy, neu khfing nhanh chong phit trien thi khfing nhflmg khfing tranh thu dugc thdi eg ldn mdi do xu hudng phit trien cua thi gidi trong dilu kifn ngiy nay dem lgi m i cdn ty biln nhflmg co hdi dd thinh nhung nguy eg vi thieh thdc mdi cho dit nudc.
Do dd. phit Uiln trong thdi gian tdi phii dim bio mue tifu kfp vda nhanh dl bat nhjp vdi xu hufimg thdi dgi, vda tgo rg su bin vung toin difn cho dit nudc mi trudc hit vi cy t h i li dem lgi eufie sdng sung sudng cho nhin din.
Phuong thdc thyc hifn dugc thing lgi muc tifu kfp nhu viy ehl cd thi Ii pbit triln nhanh ddng thdi bin vflmg.
2. Noi dung, phtf«ng thuTc, dong Itfc vi nguon ltfc dio phit t r i m nhanh va ben vihig theo van U i n Xll
Xft ve nfi dung, phit triln nhanh vi bin vung theo tinh thin Vin kifn XII ehinh li dim bio vira cd tic do ting trudng kinh t l cao, dn djnh, phit buy vi giii phdng tdi da cie ngudn lue dang cd di cd thi tgo ra eda cii vat chit ngiy c ^ g phong phu. Hon nua, d l cd t h i phit uien nhanh, cic vln de lifn quan din cii thifn tien bd, cong bing xi hdi cung phii dugc chu y. Ddng thdi, xult phit td chfnh yfu clu mdi eua bii cinh khu vye, qudc t l hifn nay dgt ra li vira phit triln kinh t l vua dim bio khdng ngdng cung cd qudc phdng an ninh. bio vf mfli trudng sdng cua con ngudi
Ve phuang thdc, ddng lyc vi tao ngudn Iyc
S(519 (9 - 2016) I TAP CHf KINH TfvA Q U A N LY I 11
LY LUAN KINH TE VA QUAN LY
de phit trien nhanh va ben vflmg, Dai hdi XII chu truong dya tren co sd on dinh kinh te vi md v i khdng ngimg ning cao nang suit, chat lugng, hifu qui v i sdc cgnh tranh. Phit triln hii hoa giflra chieu rdng va chilu siu, chu trpng phit trien chieu sau; phit triln kinh te tri thdc, kinh te xanh. Phit trien kinh t l phii gan chit che vdi phit trien van hda, xa hdi, bio ve mdi trudng, chu trpng iing phd vdi bien ddi khf hiu. Bio dim qudc phong an ninh va giu vflmg hda binh, dn dinh de xay dyng dat nudc*.
Nham cu t h i hda phuong thdc chung dd, Vin kifn Dai hdi XII nfu cu the cic nhifm vu vi giii phip chu yeu li:
Thti nhit. phat trien kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi chu nghia, dn djnh kinh te vi md, tgo mdi trudng vi dgng luc cho phit triln kinh te xa hgi. Trong nhifm vu niy, trudc h i t tip trung hoin thifn the chl kinh t l thj trudng dong bd, hifn dgi trfn eg sd tuin thd diy du cic quy luat^cua nen kinh t l thi trudng vi hfi nhfp kinh t l qudc te siu rfng. Tiep tuc hoin thifn khung phip Iy, co ehe chinh sich thye hifn ddng bg cac giii phip di phit trien, vin hinh thfing sudt, hifu qui ddng bg vi khi thi cie logi thj trudng vi bio dim cgnh trgnh binh ding, minh bgch. Vifc xiy dyng chien luge, quy hogch, kl hogch phin bd ngudn luc cho sin xult kinh dognh vi quin 1^ phai theo CO ehl thi uudng. Ddng thdi, Nha nude sd dgng the chl, cic ngudn lyc, cdng eu dilu tilt, CO chl ehinh sich phin phdi, phin phdi lai di phat uien vin hda, thue hifn din chu tien bd, cdng bing xi hfi, bio dim an sinh xi hfi. giim nghfo, tung budc ning eao phue lgi xi hfi vi ddi sdng v|t chit, tinh thin cho nhin din. Nha nudc bio vf quyin sd huu tii sin hgp phip vi quyin tu do kinh doanh cua ngudi din, doanh nghifp theo quy dinh eda phip luft, tgo mdi uudng diu tu kinh doanh binh ding, an toin, thufn lgi, kilm soit t i t dfc quyin kinh doanh, thuc thi hifu lyc hifu qui cic chfnh sich cgnh uanh linh mgnh Dgt doanh nghifp nhi nudc hogt dfng theo eo chl
12 ITAPCHIKINHT^VAQUANLYI S(5l9(9-2016)
thi trudng, phin dinh ro nhiem vu s i n xult kiiih doanh theo co chl thi midng v i thuc hifn nhiem vu do Nhi nudc giao. Tip trung phit triln ha tang kinh t l x i hgi, ngudn nhin lyc v i tilm luc khoa hgc cdng nghf.
De tao ngudn lyc cho phit triln nhanh vi ben vflmg, Dai hdi XII d i chi ra cich thflrc ting cudng huy ddng cic nguin lyc cho diu tu phit triln bao gdm: n i n g cao hieu qui sir dung vdn dau tu cdng, phin b l vln theo kl hoach dau tu trung hgn. B I tri ngudn lyc tii chinh n h i nudc phu hgp de tham gia thuc diy cic dy i n diu tu cua khu vye ngoii nhi nudc.
Dieu chinh phin bd v l n diu tu n h i nudc gan vdi phin cap phd hgp giflra Trung uong vi dia phuong. Diy li dilm mdi so vdi Vin kifn Dgi hdi XI cua Ding xet ve khfa canh tao ngudn luc cho phit trien.
Thii hai. day manh co cau lai n l n kinh te gin vdi ddi mdi md hinh ting trudng, ning cao nang suit, hifu q u i v i siic cgnh tranh.
Doi mdi md hinh tang trudng, dim bio phit triln nhanh, ben vdng trong dilu kifn kinh tl thi^trudng v i hdi nhip qudc t l . Kit hgp phit trien chieu rdng vdi chilu siu, chu trgng phit trien chilu siu. Trong dd, trudc h i t thyc hifn CO cau lgi ndng nghifp gin vdi xiy dyng ndng thdn mdi, tip trung thuc hifn ddng bd, hifu qui cic giii phip phit triln ndng nghifp bin vung, xiy dyng ndng thdn mdi v i cii thifn ddi song ndng din. Dilm mdi so vdi tinh than ndi dung niy trong Van kien Dgi hdi XI li, Dai hdi XII ehu truang diy mgnh co cau lai nong nghifp theo hudng ndng nghifp cdng nghf cao, hing hda ldn, dng dung tiln bd khoa hgc cong nghf, ning cao chit luang, hieu qui vi sdc canh tranh; bio dam phit triln bin vitag an ninh luong thye qudc gia v i vf sinh an toin thye phim. Khai thic loi t h i eda ndng nghiep nhiet ddi, t i p trung phit triln sin phgm cd lgi the so sinh. gii tri gia tang cao, bio dim cic tifu chuin theo yfu ciu xult khau.
Di liln vdi CO clu lgi nflng nghifp l i diy mgnh co clu lgi nfing nghifp tgo nln ting cho
N t
cflng nghiep hda, hifn dgi hda. Trong do day manh nghien cihi hoin thifn tieu chi de xie dinh cic chi tieu thyc hien cong nghiep hda, hifn dgi hda, r i soat bd sung chiln luge phit triln cflng nghifp, phin bd cdng nghiep hgp ly hgn trfn toin lanh thd. Phit huy hieu qui cic khu cum cdng nghifp, phat trien cic nginh cdng nghiep nen ting dip ung yeu cau vl vit tu sin xuat ca bin cua nen kinh tl. Phat triln cdng nghiep ning lugng, luyfn kim, hda dau, hda chat vdi cdng nghe hifn dai.
Cung vdi eg cau lgi cdng nghifp. d l thyc hifn phit triln nhgnh, ben vflmg cin thyc hifn phit triln cic nganh dich vy. Theo dd, day manh phit trien cie nginh djch vy, uu tifn phit triln nginh djch vu cd lgi thi, cd him lugng tri thdc, cdng nghf vi gii trj gia ting cao.
Song song vdi phit u i l n ndng nghiep, edng nghifp. dich vy. Dgi hdi XII chu truang day mgnh phit triln kinh t l bien gan vdi bio vf vflmg chac ehu quyen qudc gia, phit trien cic viing kinh te.
Dl tgo ddng Iyc vi giii phdng ngudn lyc, Vin kifn Dgi hfi XII chu truong tgo thufn lgi cho phit triln doanh nghifp. Trong dd, tao mgi thufn lgi phit trien mgnh doanh nghifp tu nhin d l tgo dfng lyc, ning cao nang lyc cgnh trgnh eda nln kinh te. Hoin thifn phip luft, CO chl chinh sich d l doanh nghifp tu nhin tilp cfn binh dang mgi eg hpi. Thuc diy xa hdi hda sd hum vi sin xult kinh doanh. Diy li tinh thin rit mdi vl phuang thuc d l thyc hifn phit triln nhanh vi ben vflmg trong giai dogn tdi t h i hifn trong Van kifn dgi hpi XII.
Thti ba. thuc hifn diy mgnh xiy dyng kit clu hg ting vi dfl thj, thyc hifn dflt phi chiln luge vl xiy dyng hf thdng kit cau hg ting ddng bd, hoin thifn hf thing chfnh sich di tgo dilu kifn thufn lgi cho cic thinh phin kinh t l dau tu xiy dyng vi kinh doanh kit clu hg ting, nhit li bing hinh thdc hc^ tic cdng tu (PPf). Di cdng vdi dft phi kit clu ha ting li thyc hifn ning cao chit lugng nguin nhin lyc vi ting cudng tilm lyc khoa hoc cflng
nghe.
Thti tu. de phit triln nhanh vi bin vimg, vin hda xa hgi v i ddi sdng nhan d i n cung duoc xem l i mgt ndi dung mang tinh phuang thiie cin phii thyc hien. Trong do, Dai hdi XII chu tiyong gin kit hii hda giura phit triln kinh t l vdi phit triln van hda vi thye hifn tien bg, cdng bing xa hgi, nang cao ddi sdng nhin din.
Thti nam. cung vdi cic khia cgnh neu trfn, Vin kien Dai hgi XII cdn chi ro de phit trilii iihanh vi ben vflmg ein thyc hien chu ddng iimg phd vdi bien ddi khi hiu, chdng thien tai.
ting cudng quin ly tii nguyfn vi bio vf mdi trudng; phdng chdng tham nhung, ling phi, ting cudng qudc phdng an ninh; ning cao hieu qui cdng tic ddi ngoai; ning cao hifu lyc. Wfu qui quin ly cua Nhi nudc, dim bio quyen ty do din ehu cua ngudi din trong phit trien kinh t l - x i hdi di ddi vdi tuin thu phip lugt.
T6m lai. tmh thin rit mdi trong van kifn Dai hdi XII so vdi van kifn Dai hfi XI vl tgo dpng luc cho phit trien nhgnh vi ben vung li nhin manh vai trd eda din chu. Dfn chu trong thyc hifn quyin lim chu eda ngudi din, dan chu trong td chue hogt ddng kmh doanh. din chu trong phin bd ngudn lyc, din chu trong khai thic eg hdi de phit triln. dan chu trong thu hudng thinh qui cua qui tnnh phit triln.
Theo nghia dd. din chu dugc xem li ddng lyc cin bin trong thuc diy phit triln dit nude nhanh vi ben vflmg trong nhflmg nim tdi.
TAILI$UTHAMKHAO
V, 2). 3). 4) VSn phdng Tnmg uang Ding (2016) Vin Ki$n Dai h& Dai biSu tain qu6c lin thUXn ctia Bing Cdng sin W#t Nam. Hi N^i. tr.217, tr.245- 265. 0-266-267, o270.
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