Nhantoanhhirofngden thu hut FDl tir Nhat Ban
vao cac khu cong nghiep Dong Nai
TA TH! THANH HCTdNG*
sTvl^Lidn tich cdc nhdn tddnh hudng de'n thu hiit ddu tuFDI tdNhdtBdn vdo cdc khu cdng nghiep (KCN) lai DSng Nai Ke't qua nghien edu cho thdy, cdc nhdn to anh huong den quyet dinh chon ddu tu vdo KVN la: Chinh sdch ddu tU, BiSu kien tu nhiin vd ket cau ha tang, Chi phi ddu tu, Nguon nhdn lUc. Su phdt trien cua nganh cong nghiep phu tra. Hoat d^ng xuc tien ddu tu. Tif do mot so ham y duoc dua ra nham ndng cao chdt luong vd hieu qua cua hoat dong thu hut ddu tu FBI tit Nhat Bdn trong thdi gian tdi.
TU khoa: FBI. khu cdng nghiep. cdc nhdn td Nhat Bdn, Bong Nai. cdng nghiep phu tro, xiic lien ddu lU
Summary
The paper analyzes detenmnants of FBI attraction from Japan into Bong Nai-based industrial zones. The outcome reveals factors including Investment Policy, Natural Conditions and Infrastructure. Investment Costs, Human Resources, Bevelopment of .supporting industries and Investment promotion activities. Since then, some implications are made to improve the qualm- and efficiency of FBI attraction activities from Japan in the coming time.
Keywords: FBI. imiuslrial zones, factors. Japan. Bang Nai. supporting industries, inve.stmeni
promotion j ^
GlOl THIEU
Dong Nai lii mdt trong nhifng dia phifdng quy hoach phat inc'n cac KCN sdm nha't ca nu'dc. Hien na>. Tinh dil cd 32 KCN dang hoal ddng Trong hdn 25 nam qua.
Dong Nai da dai du'dc nhiJng ke't qua quan trong trong
\icc tbii hilt vd'n FDL dac biel la ihu hiit vd'n FDl viio ciic KCA" Tinh de'n cud'i nam 2016 da cd bdn 42 qud'c gia vii \'Ling liinh Iho hoat ddng dau tir vdi td'ng so' hdn I,.i62 dif iin. irong dd cd 989 di/ an cd \d'n dau lif nifdc ngoai vdi iCing vd'n dau tU 18,53 ly LSD. Trong dd,
\ h a l Ban lii nhii dau tif du'ng thii 3 (sau Hiin Qud'c \a Dill Loanl \ c sd du" an \a \dn diiu lu" thu but vao cac KCXxo'i 18(> dif an. tdng \ on dau tif khoang 4 i> USD.
Do \ii\, Jc khdng ngifng nimg cao hien qua vii chat liKing ngudn \dn FDl \iincac K.CN Dong \ a i Irong thdi gkin uii. till \iec nghien ci'ru, tini hicu ciic nhiin td uic ddng den ihu hiil dau iif FDl lir Miiii Ban k'l rii't quan iiong Dieu na\ lii cii s,i cho \ icc nhiui dicn \ ii phat huy licm nimg. the in.Liih LIM dia phifdng. tif dd tan nen ldi the canh iranh cua Dong Nai so \di cac dia phifdng khac tinng hoat ddng tlni hiit diiu tif iruc tiep lufdc ngoai
c a S6 LY THUYET VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CCU
Co'sd ly thuyet
Dunning (1977) dii difa ra ba dieu kien de mdt doanh nghiep ra quye't dinh dau tif tnfc dep nifdc ngoai (md hlnli OLD. do la: ldi the sd hifu (Ounership advantages), ldi the dia diem (Location advantages) va ldi tbe'\e ndi bd hda san xua'l (Internalization advantages)
Nghien ciJu cua L.K.Cheng &.
Y.K kwan (2000) thifc hien biing ciich Ifdc linh ciic tac ddng cua cac yeu to qu\ct dmh FDl ti ong 29 khu vifc ciia Trung Quct^
giaidoan 1985-1995 cho tba> cac nhan la nhif. quy md tbi infdng rdng Idn, ket ciiu ha tang tot. chinh sach u'u diii cd lac ddng lich cifc den Ihu hut FDl, Trong khi do. chi phi lien lu'dng cd tac ddng ngu'dc lai
Nghien ciJu ciia N.Karim \'ii cdng sif (20121 difdc thifc bien himg each phim
*ThS Truonq Dai hoc Lac Hong Email tahuong87@gmail com n 09/O\':i>r \'.:.n .hiM:-lililnf; 17/05/
34
tich ddng vd'n FDl tren 13 tieu bang va 01 viing lanh tho Hen bang d Malaysia trong cac nam 1990,1995,2000 va 2005.
Ket qua nghien cvtu da xac dinh di/dc 05 nhan to' tac ddng tich cifc de'n FDl dd la:
Mii'c dd tap trung san xua't, Nang sua't vi chat lifdng lao ddng, Chi so' danh gia nang life dieu hanh, Tong san pham qud'c noi va Di^u kien ke't ca'u ha tang.
Nghien cihi cua Mori. J (2005) da phan tich tim quan trong va anh hifdng cua viec phat trien cac nganh cdng nghiep phu trd dd'i vdi s^i phat trien cua nganh cdng nghiep Viet Nam. Ket qua cho Iha'y, viec hinh thanh cac nganh cdng nghiep phu trd la con du'dng de nganh cdng nghiep Viet Nam phat trien, cung nhif thu hut ngiiy cang nhieu nguon vd'n FDl dau tif vao ITnh VLfc nay.
Nghien ciJu cua Du J. (2011) da tien hanh phan tich cac ye'u to'quyet dinh FDl tai Viet Nam trong giai doan 1986-2009.
Ke't qua nghien cdu xac djnh difdc cac nhan to' cd tac dong kich thich FDl tai Viet Nam gom: quy md vii td'c do tang trifdng cua thi trifdng, ty gia bd'i doai, Ihu'dng mai qud'c te, cha't lu'dng va chi phi lao ddng, chinh sach md cxia thifdng mai.
dau tif FDL
Nguyen Manh Toan (2010) nghien cii'u ve cac nhiin to' tac ddng de'n viec thu hiit FDl vao mdt dia phifdng cua Vicl Nam cho tha'y, cac nhiin td' anh hifdng de'n viec lifa chon dia diera dau tif FDl la:
cd sd ha tang ky thuat. che do va chinh sach Ifu dai dau tif, chi phi hoat ddng tha'p va till nguyen
Nghien cii'u cua Nguyen Thi Bich Thiiy (2013) cbo thay, cac nhiin to' tac ddng trifc tiep de'n dau lif trifc tie'p nifdc ngoiii vao cac KCN tinh Dong Nai lii:
chinh sach cua Dong Nai Irong xuc tien Ihu hut FDL ke'l ca'u ha tang KCN. hoal ddng kicm ira giam sat dan tu' FDL liii nguyen vii ngudn nhiin life.
Tren cdsdkctbifa cac ly diuye't tren. tac gia de xuiit md binh nghien ciiXi nhif Hinh.
Phuong phdp nghien cii'u Nghien cdu sd dung plufdng phap dinh tinh vii dmh hfdng. Ihdng (.|ua viec Ihao luiin. dicu ira, khiio sat \ il phan lich vdi sif hd trd cua phan mem SPSS 20.0
Nghien cii'u dinh (inh difdc sif dung de ihd'ng ke. thu ihap dCf lieu, bd' sung nhCfng cau hdi nham xiiy difng hoim chinh md hinh, dicu chinli thang do vii xay thfng bang can hdi phuc \u clKU|iui irinh nghien ci?ii tlinh kfdnc
HINH: mo HINH NGHIEN CUd
Nghien ciiXi dinh lifdng difdc s,\i dung de kiim dinh md hinh ly thuye't da xay du'ng va difdc hieu chinh thong qua nghien cihi sd bo, difdc tien hanh thdng qua phieu cau hoi khao sat trifc tiep cac nha dau tu", hoac dai dien chu dau tif - nha dieu hanh doanh nghiep cd vd'n dau tif trifc tiep nu'dc ngoai ciia cac nha dau tif Nhat Ban dang boat dong dau tu'kinh doanh hoac dang tim hieu chuan bi dau tif vao cac KCN trfin dia ban tmh Dong Nai. So' phie'u phat ra 220 phieu, thu ve 190 phie'u. Thdi gian tien hanh tif thang 12/2016 den thang 03/2017 (Bai viet SLf dung each vie't sd' thap phan theo chuan qud'c te).
KET QUA NGHIEN cCu VA THAO LUAN
Kiem dinh thang do
Kiem dinh chii't lifdng thang do bang be sd' Cronbach's Alpha cho tha'y tat ca cac thang do deu cd he so'Cronbach's Alpha Idn hdn 0.7, cac bie'n quan sat cd he so'tifdng quan bie'n tdng (item-total correlation) deu Idn hdn 0.3 nen deu dat yeu cau.
Sau khi kiem dinh do tin cay ciia thang do. phiin tich nhan td'kham pha dddc sif dung de diinh gia mu'c do hoi III ciia ciiC bie'n quan sat theo thanh phan. Phifdng phap nit Irich difdc chon de phan tich nhan to'la Principal components vdi phep xoay Varimax va diem du'ng khi tiicb cac ye'u toed Eigenvalue Idn hifu I.
^ Kiem dmh KMO va BarlcU's trong phan tich nhan Id'cbo tha'y giifa cac bie'n trong long the cd mdi hen quan vdi nhau (Sig, = 0.000) vii he sd KMO = 0,682 chifng id phiin lich nhan td de nhdm ciic bien lai vdi nhau la phii hdp.
Vdi phu'dng phap riit irich Principal cnnipnnenls \ ih phep xoay Varimax va dicni difng khi trich ciic vcu toco Eigenvalue Idn bdn 1, phan tich nhiin id dii tn'ch difdc 6 nhan id tif 27 bic'n quan sat \ ii phifdng sai trich lil 65.104% thda man yeu cau (Bang I)
Sau khi phan tich, cac nhiin tdanh bu\ing tien quye'l dinh dau lif ciia cac nha dau Uf Nhiit Ban \ ao cac KCN Dong Nai la- Che do va chinh sach dau tif. Chi phi dau lif. Dieu kien tif nhicn vii kel cau ha liing, Nguon nhim hfc. Hoal ddng xiic Hen dau ttf. Cdng nghiep'"phu trd,
Ket qua phdn tich tUOng quan
Phiin tich Ufdng (.|uan Pearson difdc ihifc hicn giffa bien phu thudc lii Quye't dinh diiu lu'lDT} \a cia bid'n
BANG 1: KET QUA PHAN TICH NHAN TO NhSn td
C h i p h i d a u tif
D i e u k i e n t i / n h i e n va ke't ca'u ha t a n g
C o n g n g h i e p phu ircJ
C h e d o . C h i n h .Siich
H o a t d o n g xi'ic ticn d a u tir
N g u o n n h a n life q u a n s S t
C P 6
C P l
H T 5 H T 4 H T ^ H T 3
?T>
P T 3 P T I P T 4 CSf C S 3 C S 4 C S l X T 3 X T I X T 2 X T 4 N L 4 N L 3 N L 2 N L I
HSs^ts 1
0 . 8 3 1
0 6 8 3 0 . 6 6 9 0 . 6 0 8
2
0-703 0-703 0 . 6 8 1 0 . 6 ^ 8
3
0-841 0-810 0 . 7 7 3 0.698
i n h a n tSi' . 4
0 . 7 6 7 0 . 7 4 ? 0.701 0 6 9 7
5
0 . 8 2 6 0.821 0 755 0 7 3 6 6
0 7 8 9 0 . 7 6 7 0 , 6 9 4 0 . 6 7 7
0 , 8 7 4
0 . 8 3 5
0.841
0 . 8 1 6
0 . 8 3 0
0 7 6 5
BANG 2 : KET Q U A P H A N TJCH TCidt^G Q t l A N
D T H e i P e a r s
tiMng t|uan
Mi'rc y nghTa C S
0,707 ^^•
0 , 0 0 0 C P
0,656^-•
0 0 0 0 H T 0 7 1 0 - -
0 , 0 0 0 N L 0 5 1 9 " ' '
0 , 0 0 0 X T 0 455-i 1
0 . 0 0 0 P T 0 519'^^
0 0 0 0 D T
I
BANG 3: HE SO MO Hlt^H HOI QGY TGYEt^ TIPiH
M o hinh
1 ( H a n c s o l C S C P H T N l . X T P T
Hii so chtra c h u a n hoa B
-0 536 0 . 2 6 9 II ]S)h 0.312 0 145 0 . 1 3 6 1) 125
S a i s o ' c h u a n 0 185 0 041 0 04.^
0 051 0 0 3 9 0 0 3 9
0 o.n
H e so c h u a n h o a
B e t a
2 9 9 2 0 9 287 151 136 139
Giii iri t
-2,901 6,.507 4 . 5 5 7 6 075 1 7 0 3 3 4 0 7 1 398
Mii'c -^
nghia 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
D o lu'tjng da c o n g t u y e n D u n s sai
6 9 0 6 1 3 5 7 6 7 7 5 8 3 3 768
V I F
1 6 4 3 1 6 3 0
1 M}\
ddc lap Che do va chinh siich chiu tif (CS). chi phi dau lif (CP). Dieu kicn tif nhicn vii ke't cau ha tiing (HT),
\'gu6n nhan hfc (NL). Hoal ddng xuc Hen diiu tif (XT)^
Cdng nghiep phu trd (PT). Ke't qua cho ihii'y, cac bien ddc lap cd Ufdng quan lii\en linh kha manh vdi bicn phu Ihudc. ciic tLfdng quan deu cd y nghia thd'n2 ke khi mi'fc y nghia ilal nu'fc \<ti. Cu the, quan he Ufdng quan giCfa Quyel dinh diiu Uf iDTl vii Dieu kien tu' nhien \ii kel cau ha liing (HTl la cao nhii't. cd tzui m Ih 0 710 ticp theo lil tifdng quan M.I Che'dd. diinh sach dau tif (CS) lil 0 /07. Ufdng i]uan \di Chi phi dan tif (CP) Pi 0 6^6: tifdng quan vdi Ngudn nhiin hfc (NL) vii Cong
36
nghiep phu trd (PT) la 0.519; tifdng qua|
vdi Hoat dong xiic tid'n dau tu" (XT) ll 0.455 (Bang 2).
Ke't qua phdn tich hoi guy PhSn tich hoi quy du'dc thifc hien viS 6 bi6'n ddc lap la: (1) Ch6' do va chinh' sach dau tu^CCS), (2) Chi phi dau tir(CP), (3) Dieu kien t\i nhien va ket cau hji tang (HT), (4) Nguon nhan life (NL), (5) Hoat dong xuc tien dau ttf (XT), (6) Cong ngbidp phu trd (PT) va 1 bie'n phu thu6c Quyet dinh dau tu' (Bang 3).
Ke't qua tren cho tha'y, tat ca cac bien d^u cd mii'c y nghia nho lidn 0.05. Nhu vay, md hinh h6i quy da thda man cac gi^
thuye't dat ra, dong thdi cd sif phii hdp vdi tip dif lieu nghien cuti. Do vay, phifdng trinh tuye'n tinh cua md hinh cd dang:
DT = 0,299*CS+0.209*CP+d.287*H T+0.151 ^NL+0.136*XT+0.139PT
Vdi dd cha'p nhSn (Tolerance) Ifin.
Gia tri he so' phdng dai phifdng sai (VIF
= Vanance inflation factor) tif 1.201 den 1.736 nhd hdn 10 nen ke't luan md'i hen he giiJa cac bie'n ddc lap nay la khdng dang ke. Khdng cd hien tifdng da cdng tuye'n.
Ket qua nay cho tha'y, 6 bie'n doc lap deu anh hifdng cung chieu den quyet dinh dau tu' Ihu'c hien di/ an tai cac KCN tinh Dong Nai 6 miJc tin cay 95% Trong dd, Che'dd, chinh sach thu hut dau tif cija chinh quyen tinh Dong Nai cd tac ddng manh nha't den quye't dinh dau tif cua cac nha dau tiT Nhat Ban (he so' beta = 0.299); tie'p theo la Dieu kien tu'nhien va ke't ca'u ba tang (he so beta = 0.287); Chi phi dau tif (he so' beta = 0.209); Nguon nhan lu'c (he sd'beta = 0.151); Su'phat trien nganh cdng nghiep phu trd (he so beta = 0.139); Hoat ddng xiic tien dau Iii (he .sd'bela = 0.136).
Md binh hoi quy cd R^ hidu chinh la 0.758, dieu niiy cho tha'y, md hinh hoi quy tuye'n tinh da xay difng phu hdp vdi tap du' lieu nghien ciJu d mdc 75.8%. Ben canh do, He sd' Durbin - Watson cd gia in la 1.864 nen cd cac phan dif khdng cd lifdng quan chudi bac nha't vdi nhau, bay ciic phiin dif trong md hinh ddc lap vdi nhau.
KET LUAN VA KIEN NGH!
Ke'l qua nghien ci'fu cho thify, 6 ycti id lii Che'dd \ii chinh sach dau Uf: Dicu kicn tif nhien \ii ke'l ca'u ha tang: Chi phi dau lu'. Ngudn nhan life; Sif phat trien cua nganh cdng nghiep phu ird vii Hoat ddng xiic tien diiu Uf cd anh lufdng de'n Quye'l
dinh a l u trf ciaa cac nha dau, ttf NhSt Bdn vko cac KCN tinh Dong Nai.
Do 36, de tinh D6ng Nai trd thanh diem ha'p d i n cac nhk d^u ttf NhSt Bin trong ttfdng lai, tdc giS ki^u nghi mot s6 giai phdp nham nSng cao ldi thi" canh tranh cua cdc KCN trong Tinh, nhtf sau:
Ddi vdi Ch^ d^, chinh sdch thu hiit ddu tit: Y6'u t^ nay c6 anh htfdng manh nhat den quyet dinh diu ttf ciia cac ahh diu ttf Nhat Ban, do d6 ctn dac biet chii
?. Chinh quySn D6ng Nai c^n lam cdc :6ng viec cu th^, nhtf: Th^ hi6n ro stf dn Jinh trong viSc quy hoach \k phat tri^n kinh t€ - xa hoi cd tinh chid'n Itfdc, lau ddi, dong th9i to ro stf hd trd hoat ddng Ciia cdc dtf an bing cac hanh ddng cu th^
nhtf xSy dtfng chinh sach tfu dSi; Lanh dao dia phtfdng the hien stf quan tam d8'n nha dau ttf, thdng tin dtu ttf dtfdc minh bach vd cd the d l dang tiep can. Dong thtJi, tiep tuc duy tri va day manh cdng tdc cdi cdch thd tuc hdnh chinh, ddn gian hda quy tnnh vd thu tuc ho sd dang kj'.
Phat huy hdn niJa vai trd va hieu qua cd che "mdt cfia tai ch5", "mdt cufa hen thdng". Giam thieu cac khoan chi phi va thdi gian thtfc hien thu tuc hanh chinh tai Ban Quan ly cdc KCN Dong Nai se khien cdc nhd ddu ttf Nhdt Ban an tam bo vd'n thtfc Men dtf an d Dong Nai.
Ddi vdi Diiu kien tU nhiin vd ki't cdu ha tdng: Chinh quyen tinh Dong Nai can day nhanh ti6'n d6 b6i thtfdng d^ sdm ban giao mdt b^ng cdc dtf an KCN con vtfdng boi ditfdng gom: KCN Amata, Hd' Nai, Sdng
Mdy, Bdu Xeo, Ong Keo, Thanh Phti.,. ThtfSng xuydn ]dim fra, giam sdt cdc c6ng ty dau Wha ting KCN trong vigc xdy dtfhg vd duy tri, bao dtf3ng cdc hang muc ha t^iig KCN. Quy hoach, dlu Mxdy dtfQg'cac,c6ng trinh ha ting khdc, nhtf: nha d cho ngtfM lao d6ng, nha hang, khu vui chd gidi trL.. d^ phuc vv cho cac nha diu ttf vd ngtfdi lao dong l^m viec trong cac KCN.
Ddi vdi Chi phi ddu tU: Chinh quy^n tinh D6ng Nai cIn cdng khai mi?c gid cho thue lai dSft vd chi phi si3f dung k^t cau ha tang cda cac KCN de cac nhd diu ttf dS dang tham khao. Cin sdm giai quyd't vtfdng mac trong vi6c dp dung theo ddn gia thu6 ddt.
Ddi vdi Ngudn nhdn life: Can tdp tnmg phdt tridn ngu6n nhdn Itfc chd^t Itfdng cao, lao ddng ky thudt, can bo qudn IJ dap dng y6u c l u ciia cac dtf dn Idn, dtf an cdng nghe cao. T6 chtfc phoi hdp ho^t dpng dao tao cua cdc trtfdng phii hdp vdi nhu cdu cua doanh nghiSp.
Ddi vdi Cdng nghiep phu tra: Tiep mc quy hoach vd td chii'c thtfc hi$n cdc KCN, cum cdng nghi$p phu trd;
Tao diiu kien thuSn ldi vi6c thu hut cdc doanh nghiep FDl trong linh vtfc cdng nghi$p phu trd, day cung la mdt trong nhttng yeu x6 quan trong de tfiu hdt cdc tdp dodn Idn den tim hidu, thtfc hi$n dIu ttf tren dia ban;
C^n cd chinh sach hd trd dd'i vdi cdc chu dau ttf ha ting KCN, cum cdng nghiep tren dia ban Tinh.
Ddi vdi Hoat dong xAc tien dau tU: Cin ti6'p tuc ddi mdi cdc hoat dpng xuc tig'n dau ttf mdt each chuyen nghiep, hieu qua, dinh htfdng thu hut dIu ttf chpn Ipc, Itfa chpn cac dtf an cua cac nha dIu ttf tiem nang, sii dung cdng ngbf san xuat tifin tien, dtf an co suat dIu ttf cao...
Da dang hda cac hinh thtfc xuc tien dau ttf ntfdc ngoai, trong dd can chu trpng de'n cdng tac khao sat, nghien ctfu kenh thdng tin nao dtfdc cac nhd dau ttf tin cdy, thtfdng xuyen tham khao de lam cd sd xac dinh dung htfdng thtfc hien hoat ddng xiic tie'n dau ttf, tranh gdy lang phi ngan sach md khdng mang lai hi§u qua thiet thtfc. •
TAIUJ^U THAMJCHAOL
1. UBND tinh Dong Nai (2016). Bdo cao tinh hinh phdt trien kinh te- xa hdi tinh Ddng Nai ndm 2016 2. Nguyen Manh Toan (2010). Cac nhan to' tdc dpng d6'n viSc thu hut vd'n dau ttf FDl vao mdt dia phtfdng cua Viet Nam, Tap chi Khoa hoc vd Cdng nghe, Dai hpc Da Ndng, so' 5 (40)
3. Nguyin Thi Bich Thuy (2013). Nghien cdu cdc nhdn tddnh hudng den ddu tutruc tie'p nude ngodi (FDl) vdo cdc Khu Cdng nghiep Bong Nai. De xudt gidi phdp hoan thien trong thu hut FBI vdo cdc Khu Cong nghiip Dong Nai, Luan van Thac sT, Trtfdng Dai hpc Kinh t6' TP. Ho Chi Minh 4. L.K.Cheng & Y.KKwan (2000). What are the Determinants of the Location of Foreign Direct Investment? The Chinese Experience, Journal of International Economics, 51
5. Du, J. (2011). What are the determinants of FDl to Vietnam?, Master Thesis For Supply Chain Management Program, Tilburg University, March 31
6. Dunning, J.H. (1977). Trade, location of economic activity and the MNE: a search for an electic approach, In B. Oblin, P. Hesslborn, P. M. Wijkman (Eds.), The international allocation of economic activity: proceedings of a Nobel Symposium held at Stockholm, pp.395-418, London
7. Mori, J. (2005). Development of Supporting Industries for Vietnam's IndustriaUzation, Master of Arts in Eaw and Diplomacy Thesis, The Fletcher School
8. Noor Al-Huda Abdul Karim (2012). Factors affecting forcing direct investment in Malaysia's manufacturing sector: An analysis across states. The Singapore Economic Review, Vol 57, No, 4, World Scientific Publishing Company
Economy and Foreca.st Revie
