Nghien cUu cdcyeu todnh hUdng den dgng lUcldm viec...
NGHIEN CUtJ CAC YEU TO ANH HU^CTNG DEN DONG L i r e LAM VIEC CUA NHAN VIEN
BAN Dir AN NHIET DIEN PTSC
Ton That Vien\ Trdn Thanh Vu "
TOM T A T
Kit qud phdn tich hdi quy da biin da xdc dinh dong luc ldm viec cua nhdn vien Ban du dn nhiet diin Long phii PTSC bi dnh hudng bdi 5 yiu to lan lugt nhu sau: nhdn td tde dong manh nhdt dong luc ldm viec cda nhdn vien la su on dmh cua cong viec, tiep din Id nhdn td co hoi hoc tap vd thang tien. thir ba la sir hgp tac trong cong viec, thir tu Id yeu to bdn chdt cong viec vd cudi cung Id yiu td vdt chdt. Tie kit qud tren, tac gid da de xudt mot so giaiphdp nhdm gia tdng dong luc ldm viec cho nhdn viin Ban du dn nhiet dien Long phu PTSC.
Tir khda: Ban du dn nhiet dien Long phu PTSC, dpng luc ldm viec.
R E S E A R C H I N G F A C T O R S A F F E C T I N G T H E W O R K I N G E F F I C I E N C Y O F P E O P L E ' S C O M M I T T E E O F P T S C T H E R M A L P O W E R P R O J E C T ABSTRACT
The results of multivariate regression analysis indicate that working motivation of employees of PTSC at Long Phu 1 Site is affected by 5factors as following (level of influence is ranked descendingly):
(i) the stability of the jobs; (ii) opportunity for learning and promotion in work; (iii) cooperation in work; (iv) nature of the works (specific requirement for different types of work); (v) "material "factor (e.g. salary, reward, employee welfare etc). From the above results, I accordingly proposed a number of solutions to increase working motivation for PTSC's employees.
Keywords: PTSC Long Phu Thermal Power Project Committee, motivation to work.
1. GlOfI THIEU
Su xuat hidn Du an Nha may dien Long qudc gia, ddi hdi can phai ed mot dpi ngii ky su Phii 1 dat tai xa Long Dire, huyen Long Phii, gidi, tam huyet, gan bd het ldng vi du an la mdt tinh Sdc Trang ed quy md edng suSt 1200MW, nhidm vu d i u tidn dd thuc hidn thanh cdng du la edng nghd Id ddt sieu tdi han, la mdt trong an nhung Du an lai nam d dia ban tai viing sau nhihig cdng nghd tidn tidn nhSt hien nay, dap vimg xa thupc tinh Sde Trang thi vide thu hiit irng nhu cau cung c i p dien eho ea khu vue ngudn nhan lire cd trinh dp ehuyen mdn eao, mien Tay, Viet Nam, lam ciu ndi ludi dien ngoai ngii gioi la mdt nhiem vu rat khd khan
*TS, GV. Trudng D^i hoc Lao dong-Xa hoi TP.HCM. DT: 0946336505; Email: [email protected]
*'TS.GV. Trudng Dai hoc Kinh ti - Ky thudt Binh Duang DT: 0983538910
Tap chi K i n h t§' - Ky t h u ^ t
va ban thd niia vide giir chan ngudi lao ddng da cd trudc su canh tranh va thu hut cua cac doanh nghiep khac tai Can Tha, TP. Hd Chi Minh ciing la mdt van dd can dupe Lanh dao hdt sire quan tam dd duy tri sir dn dinh va phat tridn. Nham nang eao nang suat, hieu qua lam vide cho ea nhan va td chirc, lam thd nao dd hidu eae nhu cau cua nhan vien? Nhiing ydu td nao tae dgng ddn ddng lire lam vide nhidu ban?
Nhiing giai phap nao can thuc hidn dd dap ling eae ydu cau vd tien dp, chat lupng,... cua du an? Vi vay, tac gia bai viet vdi ky vpng giai quydt bai toan tren, tir gidi thieu, dua ra mdt sd ca sd ly luan ciing nhu phuang phap nghien cim nhu thd nao dd danh gia thuc td lam vide cua nhan vien tai dan vi, tir do de xuat mdt sd giai phap hidu qua han.
2. C O S d L Y L U A N V A M O H I N H N G H I E N CUtJ
2.1. Cff SO" ly luan
2.1.1. Khdi niem dgng luc ldm viec Chu dd vd tao dpng lire lam vide (DLLV) da dugc cae nha nghidn cim xa hdi hge, chii doanh nghidp dat nhieu mdi quan tam tir ngay sau khi each mang cdng nghidp hda bung nd d phuang Tay. Thd nhung, nghien ciiii DLLV trong eae td ehiie cdng chi mdi xuat hidn vao nhiing nam dau thap nien 60 ciia thd ki 20.
Trong sudt 2 thap ki (tir 1960 - 1980), cac nghidn ciiu vd ddng luc lai cd xu hudng tap trung vao ngudi lao ddng d cac td chiic cdng nghidp va kinh doanh (Perry & Porter, (1981), trich trong Wright (2001)).
Theo Kleinginna & Kleinginna (1981), da cd it nhat 140 dinh nghia khac nhau vd DLLV.
Trong gidi ban bai vidt nay, tac gia ung hg quan didm cua Herzberg (1959) trong tac pham
"The motivation to work" cho rang "DLLV la
su khao khat va tu nguydn cua ngudi lao dpng dd tang eudng no luc nhSm hudng tdi viec dat cae muc tidu cua td chirc".
Ngoai ra, Maehr & Braskamp (1986), Schou (1991) (trich trong Bjorklund, 2001, tr. 17) eho rang DLLV nen dugc do ludng thdng qua "su thda man cdng vide" (Job satisfaction) va "su cam kdt vdi td chirc" (Organizational commitment). Tuy nhidn, kdt qua nghidn ciiu cua Mathieu & Zajae (1990); Leong, Randoll
& Cote (1994) (trich trong Bjorklund, 2001) lai eho thdy "su thda man cdng vide" va "su cam ket vdi td ehiic" cd tuong quan kha yfiu vdi bidn DLLV. Do vay, trong nghidn cuu cua Sjoberg va Lind (1994) (trich trong Bjorklund.
2001) da dd xuit mdt thang do khae. Theo do, DLLV dugc dinh nghia la su san long lam viec (willingness to work), va dugc do ludng bdi 12 thang do. Phuang phap do ludng nay nham danh gia xem ngudi lao dgng san ldng ddn miic nao ddi vdi cdng vide. Su san long lam vide co the dugc phan anh trong cac hanh ddng mang tinh chat tu nguyen, hay tam quan trpng ciia cdng vide ddi vdi mot ngudi, sir hao hiic trd lai cong vide sau ky nghi...
Theo Nguydn Van Didm va Nguydn Ngpc Quan (2010), Dpng luc lao ddng la su khao khat va tu nguydn eiia ngudi lao ddng dd tang eudng su nd luc nham hudng tdi vide dat dugc muc tidu chung ciia td chirc^. Dgng lue ca nhan la ket qua cua nhidu ngudn lire hoat dpng ddng thdi trong con ngudi va trong mdi trudng sdng va lam vide eiia con ngudi.
Theo Biii Anh Tuan ddng luc lao ddng la nhiing nhan td ben trong kich thieh con ngucii tich cue lam vide trong dieu kidn cho phep tao ra nang suat, hidu qua cao. Bidu hidn cua dgng luc la san sang, nd luc, say md lam vide nhSm dat dugc muc tieu^ ciing nhu ngudi lao dgng.
Hoang Trong, Chu Nguyin Mong Ngpc (2005), Phdn tich du lieu nghien cim v&i SPSS. NXB Thdng Ke, HaNoi. Tr.l34
Hoang Trong, Chu Nguyen Mdng Ngoc (2005), Phdn tich die lieu nghien cuu vdi SPSS NXB Thdng Ke, HaNoi.Tr.85
Nghidn cUu cdcyeu to anh hudng den dgng li/cidm viec...
2.1.2. Ly thuyit thang b$c nhu chu cua Maslow
Theo Rainey (2009) Thap nhu chx Maslow duge xem la ly thuydt ndi bat nhat vd nhu cau cua con ngudi va ddng gdp nhiing khai niem CO ban eho vide nghien ciiu vd DLLV. Alduaij (2013) khang dinh, Maslow !a ngudi tidn phong vi dai trong vide phat tridn y tudng cho rang cae ca nhan (hay cac nhdm) se lam vide hieu qua nhat khi nhu e^u eua hp duge thda man. Y tudng hop nhat nhu cau ciia ca nhan va nhu eau cua td chirc cd siic thuydt phue rat manh me. Dieu nay cho thay, khi ngudi lao dpng dugc tao dieu kidn thuan lai dd thda man nhu cau ck nhan, thi hg se cang cd nhidu dgng lire dd tim each theo dudi mue tidu ea nhan va thdng qua do dat dupe cac mue tidu cua td chuc.
Truang Minh Due (2011) nhan dinh; "Cdc ly thuyit tao dong luc diu xoay quanh vdn de xem xet nhu cdu ciia con ngudi. Muon tao dong lyre cho nhdn vien, trudc hit nhd lanh dao cdn phdi quan tdm den nhu cdu cua hg, xem hg cd nhu cdu gi vd tao diiu kien cho hg phdn ddu di thda man nhu cdu ".
Ly thuydt cap bac nhu cau cua Maslow dii rat cd dien nhung van khdng lac hau so vdi thuc td xa hdi hien nay. Thuydt cap bac nhu cau ciia Abraham Maslow dugc ling dung nhidu trong quan tri va ddng vidn ngudi lao ddng. Theo Maslow, hanh vi cua con ngudi bdt ngudn tir cac nhu cau va cac nhu eau dugc xdp loai thanh 5 nhdm khac nhau theo thii tu nhu cau bae thap ddn bac eao nhu sau:
Hinh 1: Thdp nhu cdu cua Maslow
Trong nam loai nhu eau trdn nhu eau ve sinh ly la nhu cau thap nhat ciia eon ngudi. Nhu cau sinh ly bao gdm nhung nhu eau ca ban nhat, thiet ydu nhat giiip cho eon ngudi tdn tai. Dd la cac nhu cau: an, mac, d, di lai va mdt sd nhu cau ca ban khae.Tidp den la nhu cau an toan, nhu eau an toan la nhu eau dugc dn dinh, ehac chan.
Con ngudi mudn duge bao vd chdng lai nhiing didu bit trac hoac nhu cSu tu minh bao vd. Nhu
Nguon: Tran Kim Dung (2013)
chx xa hpi la mot trong nhu eau bac cao ciia con ngudi. Nhu e^u xa hdi bao gdm nhu cau giao tidp, ndi ehuyen vdi ngudi khac dd dugc thue hidn va ehdp nhan tinh cam, su cham sde va sir hgp tae, nhu c^u dugc chia se su ydu thuang...
Cao ban nua la nhu chx dugc tdn trgng. Con ngudi ngoai nhu cau mudn giao tidp ndi chuyen vdi ngudi khac hg cdn mudn mpi ngudi kinh trgng, vi nd minh, thira nhan vi tri cua minh
Tap chi Kinh t« - Kf thiiHt
trong xa hdi. Nhu ciu bac cao nhjt do la nhu cau ty hoan thien, dd la nhu cju dugc phat tridn, tu khang dinh minh. Ho mong mudn dupe bidn nang lire ciia minh thanh hien thuc, ho ludn hy vpng dupe hoan thien hpn.
Theo Maslow: vd nguyen tie khi mdi nhu can trong sd cac nhu cau dd dupe thda man thi nhu ciu tiip theo se trd nen quan trpng nhit.
Su thda man nhu cau ciia cac ca nhan dupe bit dau tir nhu cau thap nhat, cac nhu ciu dudi dupe thda man thi nhu cau tren mdi xuit hien. Su thda man nhu cau di tir thap den eao. Mac dii tren thirc te ehang cd nhu cau nao dupe thda man hoan toan nhung cac nhu ciu khi da dupe thda man cp ban thi nhOng tac dpng vao nhu cau do se khdng eon tao ddng lire eho ho nua. Vi the.
theo Maslow nha quan ly mudn tao dpng Ivc cho nhan vien thi frudc h6t nha quan ly pW ^'eu dupe nhan vien dd dang d dau trong he thdng thir bac nhu ciu, tit dd cd dinh hudng vao sir thda man nhu ciu do cua hp di chinh sach tjo ddng luc dat dupe kdt qua cao nhit. Mdt nhan vien khi vao lam viec tai cdng ty chac chan ho deu cd mdt hoac nhieu nhu ciu khac nhau. Cac nhu ciu nay thudng xuyen cd su thay ddi. Mdi ngudi lap ddng lai cd nhu ciu khac nhau va doi hdi su thda man khac nhau. Do dd, neu nha quan ly khdng nim bit dupe nhirng didm can thijt nay, khdng thda man nhu ciu cho nhan vien thi ehSc chin mdt ngay khdng xa nhan vien se rdi khdi cdng ty.
Nhu cau ciia con ngudi cd the phan thanh nhirng cap dp nhu cau co ban sau:
Hinh 2: Sado he thong phdn cdp nhu cdu con ngudi cda Maslow
'NHU CAU
T\y
KHANG DINH Tu phat trien.
Tu hoan thien.
Tam quan trpng len nhieu ngudi
Ngu6n: Trdn Kim Dung (2009) - Nhu ciu sinh hpc (physiological needs): la
nhung nhu cau co ban dam biio cho su tdn tai ciia con ngudi nhu nhu cau an udng, d, sinh ly.
Day la nhu ciu co biin nhit va manh nhat eua con ngudi. Bac nay la bac thap nhat, cp ban nhat.
- Nhu ciu an toan (safety needs): la mong mudn dupe an toan, bao ve khoi hi de dpa vat chit hay tinh thin. Khi con nguoi da dupe dap
irng cac nhu can CO ban, tire la nhu ciu nay khdng cdn dieu khien suy nghi va hanh ddng cua hp nira, khi do cac nhu ciu v6 an loan, an ninh se dupe xuat hien. Nhu cau an toan thi hien trong vat chat lan tinh than.
- Nhu ciu xa hpi (spcial needs): la mong mudn dupe yeu men, thoai mai, chip nhan va than hieu.
Nghien cUu cdcyeu to dnh hudng den dong lUc ldm viec..
- Nhu eiiu dugc tdn trpng (esteem needs):
thd hidn bdi cae ydu td npi tSm nhu tir trgng, tu quydt va thanh dat; cac ydu td bdn ngoai nhu tinh phap ly, duge thiia nhan va ehii y.
- Nhu chx tu khang dinh (self-actualization needs): la cac nhu chx nhu tang trudng, thanh cong tidm nang eua chinh minh va vuan ddn eai minh mong mudn.
Thii bac cua cac nhu cau cua con ngudi la hinh thap. Con ngudi ludn tim each thda man nhu eau eiia minh va khi nhu cau dd dugc thda man thi hg se cd dpng ca vuan Idn dd thda man nhu cau cao hon. Dieu nay chinh la quy luat phat tridn nhu cau. Nha quan ly can bidt rd tam ly eiia ngudi lao dpng dd dap ling cac nhu cau ehinh dang ciia hg. Dgng vidn, khen thudng ndu hudng dung vao ddng ea se thiic day ngudi lao dpng lam viec tich cue ban dd dat dugc su khen thudng, hidu qua cho td chice; nhung ndu khen thudng chi la hinh thiie thi se khdng la ddng ea de hp phan ddu.
Khi cac nhu cau d cap thap han dugc thda man, ngudi ta se chuydn sang ddi hdi vdi eae nhu cau cap cao ban.
2.1.3. Mdi quan he giUa dong lire ldm viic vd thdp nhu cdu cua Maslow
Truang Minh Diic (2011) cho ring dd cd dpng lue thi trude bet phai ed nhu chx, mong
mudn thda man nhu eau se thiic ddy eon ngudi hanh dgng cd ehu dieh. Ndi each khae, mong mudn thda man cac nhu eau ca nhan se tac dpng ddn DLLV eua ca nhan dd trong td chiic. Theo Song (2007) mdt nhan vidn se lam vide cham chi ndu nhan vidn nay bidt rang kdt qua cua hanh vi dd se giiip thda man nhiing nhu c^u nhh dinh.
Thang do cho bidn ddc lap duge didu ehinh tir nhixng nghidn cuu horde nhu Dinibutun (2012), Truang Minh Diic (2011), Halepota (2005), Smith (2003) va dugc phat tridn bdi tac gia eua dd tai.
2.2. Mo hinh nghien cihi
Trdn ca sd cae nghien ciru trude va mdi quan he giua cac loai nhu eau vdi DLLV, md hinh bdn dudi dugc dd xuat nham nhan dang va do ludng cac ydu td anh hudng ddn DLLV, vdi 5 gia thuydt:
• HI : Nhu cau hgp tac ed tac ddng ddng bidn den DLLV
• H2 : Nhu cau sinh hpc cd tac ddng ddng bidn ddn DLLV
• H3 : Nhu cau an toan cd tae dpng ddng bidn ddn DLLV
" H4 : Nhu eau duge tdn trpng cd tae ddng ddng bidn ddn DLLV
• H5 : Nhu cau tu thd hidn ban than cd tac ddng ddng bidn den DLLV
Hinh 3: Md hinh nghien cuu di xudt I. Nhu cau hff|) tac
2. Nhu cau .sinh hoc cff ban
3. Nhu cau an toan
4, Nhu cau duffc tdn tr9ng
Dong lye lam viec cua nhan vien Ban dir an Nhiet dien Long Phii
5. Nhu cau the hien ban than
Tap chi Kinh t g - K y thuat 3. PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ
3.1. Quy trinh nghien cihi
Hinh 4: Sado quy trinh nghien cuu
Ca sa ly thuyet vd mo hinh nghien ciru
Nghien ciru sa bo dinh tinh:
Phong vin chuyen gia (n = 5-10) Thdo ludn ca sa ly thuyet dp dung
T
Nghiin ciru chinh thuc dinh lugng
I
Phdn tich nhdn to, Phdn tich hoi quy;
Danh gid kit qud
Kit ludn. Be xudt ham y qudn tri
3.2. Kich thirdc mlu
Theo Nguyen Dinh Thg (2011), kich thudc mau can cho nghidn euu phu thudc vao nhidu ydu td nhu phuang phap phan tich dii lieu va dp tin cay can thidt. Hidn nay, cac nha nghien cim xac dinh cd mau can thidt thdng qua cdng thiic kinh nghiem cho timg phuang phap xii ly. Trong EFA, ed mau thudng dugc xac dinh dua vao 2 ydu td la kich thudc tdi thidu va sd lugng bidn do ludng dua vao phan tich. Hair &
ctg (2006) (trich trong Nguydn Dinh Thg, 2011) eho ring dd sir dung EFA, ki'ch thude mau tdi thidu phai la 50, tdt ban la 100 va ti Id quan sat (observations)/ bidn do ludng (items) la 5:1, nghia la 1 bidn do ludng can tdi thidu 5 quan sat, tdt nhit la ti Id 10:1 trd len.
Ddi vdi phuang phap hdi qui tuydn tinh, cdng thiie kinh nghidm thudng dimg la:
« > 50 + 8p Trong dd:
n: la kich thudc mlu tdi thidu can thidt.
p: la sd lugng bidn ddc lap trong md hmh.
Nghien ciiu su dung kdt hop ea 2 phuang phap EFA va hdi qui tuyen tinh ndn ed mau dugc ehgn trdn nguydn tae mau cang Idn cang tdt. Vdi 23 bidn quan sat, sd lugng mau tdi thidu can thidt la: 23 * 5 ^ 115 mau. Vi vay, tae gia ehpn didu tra trdn sd mau ngau nhidn vdi 130 nhan vidn la phii hgp.
4. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU 4.1. Phan tich nhan ih kham pha (EFA)
Sau khi tidn hanh phan tieh Cronbach's Alpha, thang do loai bd bidn AT2 va cdn 22 bidn dugc dua vao phan tich nhan td kham pha dung phuong phap nit trich Principal Components va phep xoay Varimax. Kdt qua he sd KMO - 0,864, va kidm dinh Bartlett cd Sig. = 0.0 (bac bd gia thuydt HO d mire y nghla 1%). Sd nhdm nhan td dugc nit ra la 5 nhdm, dat kha nang giai thieh 61,40% su bidn thidn ciia dii lieu. Hiu hdt cac bidn ddu cd he sd tai nhan td Idn ban 0,5 trir bidn SH4, ATI, TH4 va TH6. Day dugc xem la kdt qua cudi cimg sau khi phan tich nhan td xem bang 1. Ma tran xoay nhan nhan td nhu sau:
Nghien cdu cdcyeu td dnh hddng den ddng /tfe tdm viec...
Ving 1: Ket qud ph Biin
SH3-Lanh dao quan tam ddi sdng vat chit AT3-CV dn dinh lau dai
AT4-Chd dp cho nhan vien nghi 6m AT5-Cdng doan bao ve ngudi lao ddng TTl-Vi tri hien tai trong co quan TT2-Td chitc ghi nhan su ddng gdp TT3-Su ddng vien tir lanh dao TT4-Ddng nghiep tdn trpng THl-Su chu ddng trong CV XHl-QH vdi ddng nghiep XH3- QH vdi khach hang
XH4 - QH vdi ddng nghiep ngoai ban lanh dao XH5-Su hd trp eua lanh dao ddng nghiep XH2- QH vdi lanh dao
XH6-QH vdi cp quan quan ly dia phuong TH5-Trach nhiem dupe md ta rd rang TH2-CO hdi dupe hpc tap bdi dudng TH3-Co hdi thang tidn
SHI- Tien lupng co ban SH2- Thu nhap hien tai
dn tich nhdn to
Nhom nhan to 1
0,623 0,545 0,680 0,785 0,544 0,735 0,694 0,689 0,676
2
0,630 0,749 0,687 0,718
3
0,536 0,596 0,714
4
0,819 0,846
5
0,877 0,872
Tir kdt qua d Bang 1. eho bidt cae bidn dac trung hau hdt ed he sd tai nhan td (Factor loading) Idn hon 0,300. Cd 20 bidn dai didn eho cac nhan to tac dpng den ddng lue lam viec ciia nhan vidn Ban quan ly Nhiet didn Long Phii PTSC vdi eae bidn dac tnmg cua nhan td duge sap xdp lai khac vdi md hinh ban diu (cd 5 nhan td) va dugc dat tdn nhu sau:
- Nhan td 1 (Fl): Su- 6n dinh cua cdng viec
1/ Cac nhan td vd an toan gdm eae bien:
AT3, AT4 va ATS eho thay tam ly eua ngudi lao ddng gan bd edng vide lau dai thi can cd su quan tam bao vd ngudi lao dpng, ed edng vide dn dinh lau dai va cae chd do phiic loi eiia ngudi lao dgng can dugc quan tam.
Nguon: Theo tinh todn ciia Le Vdn Phuang (2019) 2/ Ydu td sinh hpc gdm bidn: SH3 lanh dao quan tam vd ddi sdng eua nhan vidn, ed ydu td nay tao sir yen tam cho ngudi lao ddng tir dd hg ydn tam cdng tae va lam vide dn dinh lau dai;
3/ Ydu td tdn trpng gdm: TTI, TT2, TT3 va TT4 day la tam ly chung eua ngudi lao ddng ludn quan tam ddn eae cdng vide dang lam cd duge su ghi nhan cua lanh dao ciing nhu ddng nghidp, hg cam thay cac cdng viec minh dang lam cd anh hudng den nhiing ngudi xung quanh va ludn duge ddng nghidp tdn trgng dd eiing la nidm tin va ddng luc eho ngudi lao dpng gin bd vdi cdng vide dang lam;
4/ Yeu td thd hien gdm: THI su ehii ddng trong cdng vide giip ngudi lao dpng cam thay thoai lam vide va giam dugc ap lue trong cong vide.
Tap chi Kinh td' - Ky thu^t
• Nh3n to 2 (F2): Hgp tac trong cong viec Su hgp tac trong cdng vide gdm cae ydu td: XHl, XH3, XH4 va XH5 la cac ydu td bdn ngoai tac ddng ddn ngudi lao ddng, khi ngudi lao ddng cam thay tap thd lam vide cd su gin kdt, hd trg lan nhau trong cdng vide didu nay giip ngudi lao ddng cam thiy hiing thii trong qua trinh lam vide, su hd trg va giip dd eua lanh dao eiing giip ngudi lao ddng cam thiy bi cang thing va giam dugc ap lire trong qua trinh lam vide.
• Nhan td 3 (F3): Ban ch^t cong viec 1/ Cac ydu td xa hdi tae ddng gdm: XH2 va XH6 la cae ydu td mang tinh chit cd tac dpng true tiep ddn edng vide ngudi lao ddng, qua trinh lam vide tiiy theo timg tinh chat cdng viec cu the ma ngudi lao ddng thudng xuyen tiep xiic vdi lanh dao quan ly va cac ca quan quan ly nha nude, quan he tdt vdi lanh dao quan ly va lanh dao dia phuang Cling giip ngudi lao dpng tu tin va ed hiing thu vdi cdng vide minh dang dam nhan;
2/ Ban chat cdng viec gdm: THS trach nhidm dugc md ta rd rang la mdt ydu td can thidt danh cho ngudi lao ddng, cdng vide can phan cdng nhidm vu rd rang, cu the gup eho ngudi lao ddng cd the tu danh gia ban than ddi vdi cdng vide minh dang thuc hien tir dd gup eho ngudi lao ddng cd su nhin nhan va thay ddi ban than giip cho cdng vide tdt ban.
• Nhan td 4 (F4): Cff hoi hoc tSp va thang tien
Cac yeu td gdm: TH2 va TH3 ca ea hdi dugc hge tap va thang tidn dieu nay gup cho ngudi lao dgng ed nhidu ddng luc de hpc tap nang cao trinh dp va cd trach nhidm hon vdi edng vide dupe giao, su thang tidn trong cdng vide giip cho ngudi lao dpng ludn earn thay can tidp tuc phan diu dd hoan thanh tdt han niia.
- Nhan t6 5 (F5): Yeu td vSt chit Ydu td vat chit gom: SHI va SH2 tidn luong CO ban va thu nhap hidn tai eiia eae dap vidn ciing dugc quan tam ddn nhu ciu true tidp cua ngudi lao ddng, ngudi lao ddng cd thu nhap dn dinh la ca sd dd phat tridn doanh nhidp bd viing.
Sau khi sip xdp lai cac nhdm nhan td tic Fl ddn FS ta tidn hanh phan tich kidm dinh lai dp tin cay va tir he sd Cronbach Alpha ciia cae nhan td mdi va ma tran tuong quan gi&a eae bidn quan sat dupe trinh bay tai Phu luc 3.2 trang 74 giiip ta cd ea sd khing dinh thang do trong timg nhan td mdi cd tinh nhat quan cao.
Nhan td Fl (Su dn dinh ciia cdng vide) gom 8 bidn quan sat gdm AT3, AT4, ATS, TTI, TT2, TT3, TT4, SH3 va THI. Nhan td nay ed h? s6 Cronbach Alpha la 0,896 va cac bidn quan sat ddu cd he sd tuang quan bidn tdng Idn hon 0,300.
Vay cac bidn trong nhan td F1 ed tinh nhit quan cao. Nhan td Fl phan anh cdng vide phai dugc dn dinh lau dai, nhu ciu dugc tdn trgng, quan tam, khich le vd tmh thin ciia ngudi lao ddng, bao vd ngudi lao ddng tic dd giip ngudi lao ddng ydn tam edng tac va gan bd lau dai vdi doanh nghidp. Thue td eae doanh nghiep nha nude hifn nay eiing ed nhidu su thay ddi vd each quan tri doanh nghidp, eae td chiie nhu edng doan, ban kidm soat va lanh dao thudng tap trung quan tam den nhan vien, hg bidt rang nhung eon ngudi mdi lam ndn gia tri doanh nghiep va cd quan tam nhat dinh ve dn dinh viec lam eho ngudi lao ddng, duy tri dn dinh ddi sdng vat chat, tinh than eiia ngudi lao ddng. Trong thuc te hidn nay nhu eae edng ty nude ngoai tuydn dung vdi cac didu kidn lam vide tdt, thu nhap eao nhung vdi thdi gian lam vide tuong ddi ngin (theo edng vide, du an...) do vay edng tae thu hiit ngudi lao ddng eiing gap nhidu khd khan do khdng cd sir dn dinh lau dai. Ngoai ra ngudi lao ddng cung cam thiy mdi trudng minh dang cdng tac dugc td chiic cdng doan bao vd mot each chinh dang, dugc lanh dao quan tam den ddi sdng vat chit va tinh thin, tir do hg se nd lire hon va cd ging ban ddng thdi tao dugc nidm tin vd sir dn dinh ciia td chiic, tic dd ngudi lao ddng se gin bd ban va dn dinh cdng vide hon.
Nhan td F4 (Ca hpi hgc tap thang tidn) gdm 2 bien quan sat TH2, TH3 vdi nhan td nay eo Cronbach Alpha la 0,803, cac bidn quan sat ddu
Nghien cdu cdcyeu to dnh hudng den dgng lUc ldm viec...
ed tinh nhit quan eao. Khi ngudi lao ddng vao lam vide tai mot td chuc thi ai ciing mudn duge hpc tap, dao tao nang cao trinh dp chuydn mdn nghidp vu, ddng thdi hp cung mudn dugc ed eg hdi dk thang tidn phat tridn ban than, day cung la muc tidu chung eua ngudi lao dgng va nhat la cac doanh nghiep nha nude thi khi dugc hgc tap, thang tidn trong cdng vide giip hp cd ddng lire ban va nd lire phan dau ban than, phat huy hdt nang lire sd trudng tir do giiip doanh nghidp phat trien ban nhd sir ddng gdp cua hg.
Nhan td F2 (Hgp tac trong cdng vipc) gdm 5 bidn quan sat XHl, XH2, XH3, XH4, XH5 vdi he sd Cronbach Alpha la 0,736. Vay 5 bidn quan sat nay cho thay da the hidn duge khai niem "hgp tae trong cdng vi|c". Ddi vdi ngudi lao dpng tao mdi quan he tdt vdi ddng nghiep, lanh dao va cac ddi tac ciing tao eho con ngudi cd ddng luc ban, vd mat tinh than hp cam thay duge lam vi?c trong mdt mdi trudng ed su giiip dd, chia se lin nhau, hd trg nhau trong cdng vide va cugc sdng giup hp thay mdi trudng lam vi|c thii vi, tir dd giip hp cd ddng luc ban dd lam viec.
Nhan td F3 (Ban chat cdng vide) gdm 3 bidn quan sat XH3, XH6 va THS. Nhan td nay cd he sd Cronbach Alpha la 0,739, cac bidn quan sat ddu cd he sd tuang quan bidn - tdng Idn han 0,3. So vdi eae bidn quan sat edn lai, THS ed tuang quan cao ban vdi XH3, XH6, chiing td cac bidn trong nhan td F3 ed tinh nhat quan cao. Ve mat thue tien, cac bidn quan sat nay ed kha nang phan anh nhiing khia canh ciia khai nidm "ban chat cdng vide". Mgt khi nhan vidn dugc phan edng cdng vide phii hgp vdi nang lire chuyen mon, trach nhidm va quydn ban dugc xac lap rd rang se giiip hg cd hiing thii lam vide ban, khi ngudi lao dgng duge phan edng edng vide cu the se giiip hp td chiic dugc edng vide khoa hpc ban vdi cdng vide dupe giao. Khi sap xdp nhan lye lao dpng can md ta edng vide cu thd, vi tri cdng vide dam nhan, yeu cau cu thd vd bang cap, trinh dp chuydn mdn de ngudi lao
ddng tu nhan xet danh gia vd kha nang hoan thanh cdng vide tir dd giiip hp tu tin vdi edng vide minh dam nhan. Mat khae mdi quan he tdt trong edng vide vdi ddi tac, vdi lanh dao cung duge ngudi lao dpng quan tam trong qua trinh lam vide.
Nhan td FS (Ydu td vat chit) gdm bidn SH1, SH2 cd he sd tuong quan dat 0,877. Cronbach Alpha bang 0,713 va he sd tucmg quan bidn - tdng Idn hon 0,3. Vay cac bien trong nhan td cd tmh nhat quan cao. Trdn thuc td, khi nhan vidn ed ngudn thu nhap dn dinh thi giip hp tap trung vao cdng vide nhieu ban, khdng bi phan tam bdi didu kidn vat chat thi didu dd se trd thanh ddng luc thdi thuc hg phan dau ban nua nham dat dugc hidu qua va ngudn thu nhap eao ban.
4.2. Phan tich h6i quy
Dd nhan didn cac yeu td anh hudng ddn dgng lire lam vide cua nhan vidn, md hinh tuong quan tdng the ed dang:
Ddng luc lam vide = f (Fl, F2, F3, F4, FS) Trong dd:
- DL (Ddng luc lam vide): bidn phu thudc - Fl, F2, F3, F4, FS: bidn ddc lap Theo kdt qua tic phan tich nhan td kham pha, md hinh nghidn cim dugc dieu chinh, ta can kiem dinh cae 5 gia thuydt: HI: Su dn dinh cua cdng vide cd tae ddng ddng bidn ddn DLLV; H2: Hgp tac trong edng vide ed tae dpng ddng bidn ddn DLLV; H3: Ban chat edng vide cd tae ddng ddng bien den DLLV; H4: Co hdi hge tap va thang tidn cd tac ddng ddng bien ddn DLLV; HS: Ydu td vat chat cd tac ddng ddng bidn ddn DLLV. Vide xem xet trong eae nhan td tu Fl ddn FS, nhan td nao that su tac ddng den ddng lire lam vide cua nhan vidn Ban du an dupe thuc hidn bang phuang trinh hdi quy tuyen tinh. Trong dd cac bidn (bidn ddc lap va bidn phu thude) dugc dua vao phan tich hdi quy dugc xae dinh bang each tinh didm eiia cac nhan td (Factor score). Kdt qua phan tich nhu sau:
Tap chi K i n h t g - Kf t h u a t
Bang 2; Ket qud phdn tich hoi quy
R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the jj^|.|,|„.Watson Estimate
0,499 0,479 2,171
Bi€D doc lap Hf so hoi qui chua He so hoi qui da dugc
duoc chuan hoa (B) chuSn hoa (Beta) t Sig- VIF Constant
Fl F2 F3 F4 F5
1.249E-16 0,467 0,330 0,219 0,337 0,100
0,063 0,064 0,064 0,064 0,064 0,064
Theo ket qua hdi quy trong Bang 2. ta cd R^ = 0,479. Nhu vay, 47,9% thay ddi eiia ddng luc lam viec cua nhan vien Ban du an Nhiet dien Long Phii PTSC dupe giai thieh boi cac bien ddc lap eiia md hinh, cac he sd hdi qui Bi ddu CO y nghia thdng ke d muc <5%. Ket qua phan tich dupe xep thu tu cac yeu td tir cao xudng thip tac ddng den DLLV eiia nhan vien nhu sau:
Bidn Fl (Sir dn dinh eua cdng viee) cd he sd hdi qui chua ehuin hda la 0,467. Dieu nay ed nghia la, trong dieu kien cac yeu td khac khdng ddi, khi tang them 1 diem danh gia cua nhan vien thi DLLV cua nhan vien tang them 0,467 dilm;
B i i n F4 (Co hdi hpe tap va thang tidn) co he sd hdi qui chua chuin hda la 0,337. Dieu nay cd nghia la, trong dieu kien cae yeu td khac khdng ddi, khi tang them 1 didm danh gia eua nhan vien thi DLLV tang them 0,337 didm;
Bidn F2 (Hpp tac trong cdng viec) cd he sd hdi qui chua chuin hda la 0,330. Dieu nay cd nghia la, trong d i i u kien cac yeu td khac khong ddi, khi tang them 1 didm danh gia cua nhan vien thi DLLV cua nhan vien tang them 0,330 diem;
Bidn F3 (Ban chit cdng viec) ed he sd hdi qui chua ehuin hda la 0,219. Diiu nay cd nghla
0,000 0,000 0,467 7,355 0,000 0,330 5,200 0,000 0,219 3,450 0,000 1,254 0,337 5,308 0,000 1,479 0,100 1,582 0,000
1,483 1,268
1,041 Ngu6n: Theo tinh todn ciia Le Van Phircmg (2019) la, trong diiu kien eae ydu td khac khdng ddi, khi tang them 1 didm danh gia cua nhan vien thi DLLV tang them 0,219 didm;
Bidn F5 (Ydu td vat chUt) cd he sd hdi qui chua chuan hda la 0,10. Dieu nay cd nghia la, trong didu kien cac yeu td khac khdng ddi, khi tang them 1 didm danh gia cua nhan vien thi ve DLLV tang them 0,10 didm.
He sd hoi qui dupe chuan hda cho biet mire dp anh hudng ciia timg bien ddc lap ddi vdi bien phu thude. Biin F l ed he sd hdi qui da chuan hda la cao nhat trong sd cae bien ddc lap (dat 0,467). Tiic la, vdi 100% cac ydu td tac dong din DLLV thi bidn Fl chiim 46,7%. Vay biin F l ed anh hudng manh nhat den DLLV. Vi iti thit 2 thudc ve bien F4 vdi he so hdi quy chuan hda la 0,337 tucmg Omg vdi 33,7% ydu td nay tac ddng den DLLV ciia nhan vien Ban du an. Vi tti thir 3 thudc ve bien F2 vdi he sd hdi quy la 0,330 cd nghTa la yeu td vat chit chiim 33,0% DLLV ciia nhan vien ban du an, tidp d i n la tac dpng cua biin F3 va F5 day la 2 biin it tae ddng hon chidm ty le lin lupt la 21,9% va 10%. DLLV ciia nhan vien. Md hinh ed R^=47,9% ed nghia la voi dieu kien cac yeu td khae khdng ddi, cac biin ddc lap cd trong md hinh hdi qui tren giai thieh dupe 47,9% su biin thien ve mat trung binh ciia bien phu thupc.
Nghien cClu cdc yeu todnh hddng Sen dong life ldm viec...
Mo hinh Hdi qui Phin du Tdng
Bang 3: Ket qud Ting binh phuong
64,425 64,575 129,000
phdn tich phuang sai ANOVA
df 5 124 129
Trung binh binh phinmg 12.885
0,521
F 24,742
Sig.
0,000
Kiem dinh F dimg dd kidm dinh tinh phu hgp ciia md hinh. Vi gia tri Sig. = 0,000 < 0,050, eho thiy eae he sd hdi qui cua bidn ddc lap ddu khac 0. Vay md hinh ly thuydt dugc xay dung phii hgp vdi thue td.
Mat khae, eae bidn doe lap ed mdi tuang quan thap vdi nhau va he sd phdng dai phuang sai VIF ddu nhd ban 10. Md hinh khdng ed hidn tugng da edng tuydn giiia eae bidn ddc lap.
Theo Bang 3. cd he sd Durbin - Watson: md hmh ed gia tri d - 2,171. Theo Hoang Trgng &
Nguon: Theo linh todn cua Le Vdn Phuang (2019) Chu Nguydn Mdng Ngpc (2005, tr.l99) ndu cac phan du khdng cd tuong quan chudi bae nhit vdi nhau, gia tri d se gan bang 2. Nhu vay, md hinh hdi qui trdn khdng ed hidn tugng tuong quan ehudi bac nhat. Sii dung kidm dinh Breusch - Pagan de kidm dinh phuang sai sai sd thay ddi.
Tir Phu luc 4.2 cho thay vdi miic y nghia 5%, va Prob. Chi-Square = 0,479 (> 0.05) ndn ta chip nhan gia thuydt HO cho rang md hinh khdng cd phuang sai sai sd thay ddi.
Vay phuang trinh hdi qui ciia DLLV dugc vidt nhu sau:
DLLV = -1,790E-16 + 0,467*Fj+ 0,337% + 0,330*F2+ 0,219*F3 + 0,100*F3 t= 7,355 t^ 5.308 t ^ 5.20 t = 3,45 t^ 1,582 p = 0.000 p = 0.000 p^ 0,000 p = 0,001 p = 0,000
5. KET LUAJV
Tir kdt qua nghien cuu trdn, eho thay ed nam nhan td tac dpng ddn ddng luc lam viec cua nhan vien tai Ban du an. Cac ham y quan tri dugc dd xuat eho nam nhan td nay nham nang cao ban niia dgng luc lam vide ciia nhan vidn, gdp phan eho cdng tac quan tri ngudn nhan lue dat hidu qua eao. Lanh dao Ban du an cin duy tri va thiic day cac y sau:
+ Ban du an can xay dung edng vide dn dinh lau dai, tidp tue xay dung chidn luge phat tridn dai ban dd tao vide lam dn dinh eho ngudi lao dgng thdng qua md rpng phat tridn cac dieh vu chu luc nhu: Dich vu chd tao va lip dat thiet bi ca khi, dieh vu xay dung chuyen nghipp, dich vu van tai hang hda, dieh vu cham sde va bao tri thiet bi edng nghidp va van tai.
Khi cd dugc cdng vide dn dinh lau dai thi ngudi
lao ddng mdi yen tam cdng tac tii do hp cam thay cd ddng lire ban vdi edng vide dang lam gdp phin tao su dn dinh cho doanh nghidp phat tridn lau dai;
+ Xay dung kd hoaeh phat trien nhan sir dai han thdng qua cdng tac dao tao va phat tridn ngudn nhan luc. Ban du an can cd kd hoaeh dao tao phat tridn ehuyen sau theo eae nganh nghd phat tridn chii luc (nhu: Co khi, xay dung, vzxi tai), xay dung quy che dao tao va bd tidu ehi danh gia nhan vidn dii didu kidn dupe tham gia dao tao dd ap dung, td chiie danh gia phan loai nhan vien dd cd kd hoach dao tao cho phii hgp vdi timg cdng vide cu the. Quy hoaeh phat tridn ngudn nhan lue theo cac ehiic danh quan ly theo cae tidu chi danh gia cu thd dd giiip ngudi lao ddng phan dau dd dat muc tidu. Mdt khi ngudi lao ddng nam bat dugc cae didu kien
Tap chi K i n h t e - K y t h u ^ t
cu thd tir dd giiip hg cd kd hoach phin d i u hpc tap va lam vide hang say hon, giiip hp cd dgng lire de phan dau phat tridn ban than;
+ Lanh dao Ban du an c i n thudng xuyen cap nhat kidn thire mdi va ddi mdi vd phuong phap quan tri dan vi cho phii hgp vdi didu kidn cdng vide, xay dung quy trinh khen thudng, td chiic phat ddng phong trao thi dua khen thudng va khen thudng kip thdi ddi vdi cac nhan vien hoan thanh tdt nhidm vu dugc giao. Td ehiic va tham gia eae budi sinh boat chung nhu hdi thao khoa hpc, hdi thao chuydn dd. Trao ddi vdi nhan vidn ve phuang phap lam vide, phuong phap quan ly eiia eae phdng ban dd tranh tao ap lire cho nhan vidn trong qua trinh lam vide.
Xay dung van hda doanh nghiep va lay van hda doanh nghidp lam phuang cham hanh dgng cho toan Ban du an;
+ Tidp tue hoan thien va xay dung bang md ta cdng vide rd rang cu thd eho timg ehiie danh, timg vi tri, md ta cdng vide ro rang vd quydn ban va traeh nhidm eiia timg vi tri ma nhan vidn dam nhan nham han ehd hidn tuang chdng lan vd chiic nang, nhiem vu. Thiet lap bang ma tran phdi hgp cdng vide trong dd ed phan edng ngudi phu trach chinh va ngudi phdi hgp dd quan ly cae giao dien edng vide, tranh xung dot va dd Idi nhau tranh mat thdi gian eho nhung cupc hpp khdng can thidt tic dd giiip ngudi lao ddng lam vide doan kdt va hd trg nhau trong cdng vide;
+ Duy tri ngudn thu nhap dn dinh cho ngudi lao ddng, xay dung quy ehd tra luong cho cu thd, cd tidu chi xet luang ro rang de cdng bd ap dung (nhu tidu ehi chim diem hoan thanh nhidm vu...) cho CBCNV can cir dd phin dau dat miic luong ma hg mong mudn tir do giiip ngudi lao ddng cd ddng lue ban dd phat huy nang luc cua ban than gdp phin dat hidu qua cao trong qua trinh lam vide;
+ Bd tri ngudn chi phi hgp ly dd trang hi d i y du trang thidt bi cin thiet cho nhan vidn lam vide dam bao tinh an toan lao ddng va tao su chii ddng trong cdng vide dd gdp phan cho nhan vidn hoan thanh tdt nhiem vu dugc giao. Phat trien td chiic Cdng Doan thue su viing manh, la td ehiic thuc sir dai didn cho ngudi lao ddng de bao ve quydn Igi chinh dang cua ngudi lao ddng;
+ Ra soat danh gia thuc trang lao ddng hien ed va yeu cau cdng viec cu the dd giam bien ehe, giam sd lugng lao ddng dd giam eae ehi phi tra luong cho eae vi khdng can thidt nham tao su edng bang eho nhan vidn dd tranh tac ddng tieu cue ddn eae nhan sir chu chdt.
Trdn day la npi dung bai vidt, tac gia de cap ddn ddng lire lam vide eua nhan vien ddi vdi nganh didn hidn nay, nhung thuc te van eon nhidu van dd dd trao ddi. Trong pham vi bai vidt, chac chan cdn nhieu thieu sdt, rat mong cac nha khoa hgc, cac ban doe quan tam dd bai vidt dugc hoan thidn han.
T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O
[Ij. Nguydn Dinh Thp (2011), Phuong phdp nghien cieu khoa hoc trong kinh doanh, NXB Lao ddng - Xa hdi, Ha Ndi.
[2]. Hoang Trpng, Chu Nguyin Mgng Ngpc (2005), Phdn tich dir lieu nghien cieu vdi SPSS, NXB Thdng Kd, Ha Ndi.
[3]. Hoang Trgng, Chu Nguydn Mgng Nggc (2008), Phdn tich die lieu nghien cieu vdi SPSS, NXB Hdng Dire, Tp.HCM.
[4]. Tran Kim Dung (2011), Qudn tri ngudn nhdn luc, NXB Tdng hgp, Tp.HCM.
[5]. Truang Minh Dire (2011), "&ng dung mo hinh dinh lugng danh gid mire do tao dong luc ldm viec cho nhdn vien Cong ty Trdch nhiem hiru hgn ERICSSON Viet Nam ", Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGFTN, Kinh td va Kinh Doanh, (Sd 27), tr. 240 - 247.
Nghien cdu cdc yeu to dnh hudng den dgng luc lam viec...
[61. Nguydn Dinh Thp (2011), Phuang phdp nghiin cieu khoa hoc trong kinh doanh, NXB Lao dgng Xa hdi, TP.HCM.
[7]. Bui Thi Minh Thu va Le Nguydn Doan Khdi (2014), Nghien cieu cdc nhdn to dnh hudng den dong luc ldm viec cda nhdn vien true tiep sdn xudt d cong ty lap mdy Viet Nam (LiLaMa), t^p chi khoa hpc, trudng DHCT, sd 35.
[8]. Hoang Thi Hdng Lpc va Nguydn Qudc Nghi (2014), Xdy dung khung ly thuyet vd dpng lire lam vide d khu vue cdng tai Viet Nam, Tap chi khoa hpc, trudng DHCT.
[9].Le Van Phuang (2019), "Phdn tich cdc nhdn to dnh hudng den dong luc ldm viec cua nhdn vien Ban Du dn nhiet diin Long Phu PTSC", Luan van Thae sT DH Tay Dd.
