NGHIEN COru KHOA HOC
NHONG YEU TO ANH HOONG DEN HOC TAP KY NANG GIAO TIEP CUA SINH VIEN DIEU D U O N G
NGUYEN T R U N G NAM, NGUYEN VAN THANG, LORA CLAYWELL Nguoi thim dmh. GS.TRAN QUY
TdM TAT
Dgt van de: Ky nang giao tiep la mpt nang tuc dac biet da d u g c k h i n g dinh bang qua trinh dupc ' dao tao va ren luyen eiia ban than'^'. Nang luc giao t i i p cua mdt ngudi chiu anh h u d n g bdi r i t nhieu y i u to ca nhan, moi trudng va xa hpi. Do do, viec khao sat cae y i u t i anh h u d n g den hgc tgp ky nang giao tiep la mpt hogt ddng rat c i n thilt.
Muc tieu: Nghien ciru nay nham xac dinh d u p e eac y i u to anh hudng den hoe tgp ky nang giao tiep eiia smh vien va do ludng duge mirc dp anh hudng eiia tirng y i u to.
P h u a n g phap: Cat ngang md ta.
Ket qua: Trong nghien cuu nay. nhung y i u t i anh hudng d i n hgc tap ky nang giao t i i p bao gom.
ky nang s i n g ciia smh vien nhu s u t u tin, tinh hoa dong, s u b i i r i i , kha nang b i t chuyen. each chuyen v i n d l giao tiep va kha nang trinh bay. Y i u to ca nhan nhu, nang luc giao t i i p cua giao vien, phuong phap day eiia giao vien, gipng noi ciia giao vien va thai dp giao t i i p cua nhan vien benh vien. Yeu to mdi trudng nhu phugng lien - trang t h i l t bi day hpc. ky nang giao t i l p va mdi t r u d n g song rieng te 6 nha tro trong dan c u ,
Ket luan: Nghien eiru nhung y i u td anh hudng d i n hoc tap ky nang giao t i i p eiia sinh vien Oieu dudng da xac dinh duge mpt so y i u t i anh hudng d i n hpc tap ky nang giao tiep cua sinh vien Dieu dudng va mirc dp anh hudng eiia cac yeu to do.
Ttr khda: Y i u to, anh hudng. ky nang giao t i l p . dgy va hgc.
ABSTRACT
B a c k g r o u n d : The communication skills are special competence that has been confirmed by the educational process and practice of themself^'. The communication competence was affected by a lot of factors such as personal factors, environmental factors and social factors. Therefore, finding factors that affect the learning communication skills is a necessary operation.
Objectives: The study aimed to determine the factors that affect the learning of communication skills of nursing students and to measurethe level of influence of each factor.
Methods: Cross sessional survey.
Results: In this study the factors affect the learning of communication skills of nursing student:
life skills of nursing students such as belief, social character and confusion. Ability of contact, ability of transfer communication problem and ability of presentation,Personal factors such as, communication competence of teachers, teaching method of teachers, voice of teachers, communication attitude of medical staffs. Environmental factors such as educational equipment and living at guest house of students.
C o n c l u s i o n : The study of factors that affect the learning of communication skills of nursing students determined some factors that affect the learning of communication skills of nursing students and level of influence of it
K e y w o r d s : Factors, affect, communication skills, teaching and learning.
I 60 ^^sSeArDI^Uniif^Na
NGHIEN CtfU KHOA H p c
tDATVAHBl
Ky nang giao tiep (KNOT) la nang luc dac biet quan trpng trong ddi s i n g xa hdi, trong ITnh vuc n g h i nghiep va dac biet trong y hgc.Theo Roberts L and Bueksey SJ (2007), h i u h i t eac dgn tir k h i i u kign eua ngudi bgnh, ngudi nha bgnh nhan ddi vdi nhan vien y t i chii y i u x u i t phat tir cac l i i giao t i i p la chinh'^'. Giao t i l p t i t ciia nhan vien y t i ndi chung va eua O i l u d u d n g noi rieng se hgn e h i dwgc ton thuang cho ngudi bgnh'^i, Giao t i l p tot eua ngudi D i l u dudng giiip giam d u g c to au, s g hai, budn p h i i n cua ngudi benh.Tham chi giao tiep t i t cd the khai thac d u p c nhii'ng thdng tin t h i m kin, khd not hoae e nggi ciia ngudi bgnh Theo Painter R (2010), giao t i l p kem eua ngudi Oieu d u d n g co t h i la nguyen nhSn dan den ton thuang va tir vong'^*, Oac biet, thdi gian ma ngudi d i i u d u d n g danh cho giao t i i p vdl benh nhan kha n h i l u , Theo nghien eiru eua Westbrook JL, Duffieid C, Li L and Creswiek NJ (2011), ngudi Oieu d u d n g ton khoang 37%
thdi gian cua hg cho viec cham sdc ngudi benh.
Trong do, 19% ta danh eho giao t i l p vdi ngudi b e n h ' ' ' .
Trong nghien ciru nay, ehiing tdi di sau phan tieh cae yeu t i v i ky nang s i n g sinh vien. cac y i u to ve moi trudng hgc tap, v l nang luc giang day ciia giao vien gay anh h u d n g den qua trinh hgc tap KNGT ciia sinh vien. Day la nhung y i u t i ma chiing toi cho r i n g cd t h i gay anh hudng d i n hoc tap KNGT cLia sinh vien.
Myc dich chinh la de tim ra eac y i u t i gay anh hudng d i n qua trinh hge tap KNGT eiia sinh vien, Xae djnh mire dp anh hudng ciia tirng y i u to do. Do do, chiing toi nhan t h i y r i n g nd that s u r i t quan trgng va can t h i l t d l t i l n hanh d i tai nghien eiru "Nhirng yeu to anh hwang din hoc tap ky nSng giao tiip cua sinh vien Diiu diran^'
1.1. M u c t i e u n g h i d n CLFU
Xac dinh d u g c nhirng yeu to anh hudng den hpc tgp KNGT eiia sinh vien dieu d u d n g .
Oanh gia mirc do anh hudng eua tirng y i u td, tirng nhom y i u t i .
So sanh s u khae bigt v i mire dp anh hudng eua eac y i u to.
1.2. P h u a n g phap nghien cii'u Doi twoFng nghien ciru:
Sinh vien eae Idp Cao dang O i i u dudng tai Trudng Cao d i n g Y t i Quang Nam.
Dia diem va thdn gian nghien ciru:
Nghien eiru d u p e t i i n hanh t u thang 6 nam 2012 den thang 7 nam 2013 tgi Trudng Cao d i n g Y t l Quang Nam.
Thiet ke nghien ci^u: Nghien eiru c i t ngang mo ta,
Cd" miu nghien cu-u:
Sir dung phuong phap chgn m i u phi xae suat theo c d m i u t i i t h i l u tugng irng vdi 10 quan sat eho 01 b i l n s i . Vdi bd eau hoi khao sat g i m 53 bien sd nen ed m l u t i i t h i l u la 530,
Phwang phap chgn miu:
Vdi s i lupng sinh vien Cao d i n g D i l u dudng eiia hai khda hpc (2010 -2013) va khoa hpc (2011-2014) la 700 sinh vien. Oe tang tinh gia tn eho nghien eiru, ehiing toi quyet dinh chpn toan bp so sinh vien ciia hai khda hpc tren dua vao nghien eiru,
PhuKmg phap thu thap so lieu:
Khao sat thir nghiem 10% s i p h i l u va Test bp cau hdi vdi he sd Cronbach's Alpha bang p h i n m i m IBM-SPSS version 19.0.
Chinh sira bp eau hoi cho phii hap vdi d i tai va k i t qua test Cronbach's Alpha eho bg cau hoi da d u g c chinh sira:
P h i n cau hoi khao sat v i ky nang song ciia sinh vien O i l u d u d n g : Cronbach's Alpha = 0,73;
Phan cau hoi khao sat v l muc dp anh hudng cua cae y i u td: Cronbach's Alpha = 0,78.
Tien hanh thu thap so lieu dua vao bp cau hoi da d u o c chinh sira.
^ < A - D I C U DUONG 61 I
NGHIEN CUU KHOA HOC
Kiem tra sai lech thong tin:
Giai thich v i n d i nghien ciru cho sinh vien trudc khi phat philu 1 t u i n ,
Hudng d i n sinh vien tra ldi tirng cau hdi trong phiiu khao sat
Phat bp cau hoi khao sat cho sinh vien vao c u i i buoi hpc.
Nhac nhd smh vien t u tra ldi cau hdi dpc lap khi d nha.
Sinh vien giri lgi bg cau hoi khao sat sau 1 tuan,
Xir ly phan tich dO- lieu:
Lam sach so lieu sau khi thu v i p h i i u khao sat. K i t qua thu d u g c 647 p h i i u khao sat dat yeu cau ma nghien ciru d l ra. Nhgp va phan tieh s6 lieu bang phan m i m SPSS version 19.0
Xac dinh yeu t i anh hudng va mirc dp anh hudng dua vao phan tich hoi quy, t h i n g ke mo ta va kiem dinh Chi - Square tests giira cac y i u to tren vdi nang luc giao tiep do smh vien t u danh gia. So sanh s u khac nhau v i mirc dp anh hudng eiia cae y i u t i bang k i i m djnh phi tham so Kruskal-Wallis tests va kiem dmh Bonferroni tests.
1.3. Ket qua
Bang 1. Oac diem c h u n g cua s i n h v i e n Dieu d u d n g
Dac tinh
GIOI tinh
Tuoi
Kltoa hoc Nam
Nir 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 (2010-2013) (2011-2014)
Tan suat (n = 647) 22 625 1 232 237 140 33 2 1 1 290 357
T y l e ( % )
3,40 96,60 0,15 35,86 36,63 21,64 5,10 0,31 0,15 0,15 44,82 55,18
NOI sinh song
Kinh te gia dinh Vung nui Trung du D6ng b i n g
Ven bien Thanh thi Rat ngheo Ngheo D u a n Kha gia Giau CO
147 40 367 80 13 6 77 564 10 0
22,72 6,18 56,72 , 12.36 i ,
2,01 i 0,93 ' 11,90 i 85,63 1 1,55 3 0,00 '
i
1
Bang 1 cho thay hau h i t sinh vien O i i u dudng la nir gidi (96,6%). Op tuoi cua sinh vien Cao d i n g Oieu d u d n g nam thir hai va nam thir ba tip trung d lira tuoi 20, 21 va 22 tuoi. Nai sinh song chil y i u la viing d i n g b i n g . Tuy nhien, sinh vien sinh song d viing nui c h i l m so lugng khong niio vdi 147 (22,72%) tong s6 sinh vien. Oac biet sinti vien song viing thanh thi rat it, ehi co 13 (2,01%).
Vdi 554 (85,63%) sinh vien eo d i l u kien kinh te gia dinh dii an. Oac biet khdng co sinh vien nao CO d i l u kien kmh t l gia dinh giau eo.
Bang 2. Dac d i e m c h u n g ciia s i n h vien anh h u d n g den hoc t a p ky nang giao tiep Cac yeu to
Tuoi Gioi Noi song Kinh te
R = 0,114, R2 = 0,013, P = 0,07
P 0,035 -0,155 0,001 0,094
Ps
0,065 -0,056 0,002 0,074
P 0,07 0,055 0,006 0,074
0: He so hoi quy; /3^,' He so hoi quy chuan Bang 2 cho t h i y ca b i n y i u t i ve dgc diem ehung ciia sinh vien d i l u d u d n g co anh hudng r i t y i u d i n hge tap KNGT ciia sinh vien vdi he so t u o n g quan chung (R = 0,114). B i n y i u to ve dac diem ehung ciia sinh vien D i l u d u d n g ehi lam anh hudng 1,3% den hgc tap KNGT eua sinh vien vdi (R^ = 0,013). Nhung s u anh h u d n g nay khdng cd y nghTa thong ke vdi P = 0,07.
I 62 ^fiS-vfc-DieuDUriNf::
N G H I E N C l J U K H O A H O C
Bang 3. Ky nang song cua sinh vien i n h hiFang d§n hoc tap ky nang giao tiep
Ky nang song NOI chuyen
T u t i n Hda d6ng B 6 I r6l Bat chuyen Nhan bik tSm trang Pliu thuoc cam xuc Quan tam ngon ngu' khong loi Quan tam d i n tu' ngO Dat minh vao vi tri OOi phirong Co hieu d6i phuong Giai tfiich cho dfli phuang hieu Ket thuc giao tiep Chuyen vSn de giao tiep Ch§p nhan y doi phu'ong Thuyit phuc d6i phirong Thao luan cac van de xa hpi Thao luan v l n d l neng ttr Quan tam d i n n5i b u i n Khai thac thong tin del phu'cng K i t hop ngdn ngir Kha nang trinh bay Lam chu giao tiep Phan hoi thdng tin Ling nghe ddi phirong
P
-0,007 0,109 0,084 -0,075 0,08 -0,004 -0,027 0,007 0,02 0,000 -0,025 0,007 0,037 -0,053 0,003 -0,013 -0,023 -0,028 -0,005 0,003 0,026 0,109 0,05 -0,008 0,004
ps
-0,008 0,153 0,114 -0,098 0,135 -0,005 -0,045 0,011 0,03 -0,001 -0,044 0,012 0,068 -0,096 0,005 -0,022 -0,035 -0,046 -0,008 0,004 0,045 0,138 0,03 -0,011 0,005
R 0,161 0,294 0,021 0,225 0,206 0,076 0,088 0,089 0,134 0,1 0,03 0,058 0,035 0,087 0,028 0,019 0,087 0,02 0,058 0,025 0,125 0,259 0,211 0,07 0,056
R2 0,026 0,086 0,041 0,051 0,042 0,006 0,008 0,008 0,018 0,01 0,001 0,003 0,001 0,008 0,001 0,000 0,008 0,000 0,003 0,001 0,016 0,067 0,045 0,005 0,003
P 0,85
<0,001 0,007 0,018 0,001 0,9 0,24 0,8 0,6 0,9 0,32 0,7 0,09 0,02 0,9 0,58 0,38 0,23 0,85 0,91 0,25 0,001 0,1 0,7 0,9 1 R = 0,428 R2 = 0,183 P < 0,001
{; He s6 hdi quy; (3^: He s6 hdi quy chuin; R: He s6 twang quan Bang 3 eho t h i y ky nang song ciia smh vien
CO lien quan den hpc tap KNGT vdi (R = 0,428) va giai thich d u g c 18,3% (R^ = 0,183) s u thay doi v i nang luc giao t i i p eiia sinh vien vdi (P < 0,001).
Trong dd chi co sau ky nang song co anh hudng d i n hge tap KNGT ciia sinh vien dd la: S u t u tin cd (R = 0,294) va giai thich 8,6% s u anh hudng den hpc tap KNGT ciia sinh vien vdi (P < 0,001).
Tinh hda ddng ed (R = 0,201) va giai thich 4 , 1 % s u anh h u d n g den hgc tap KNGT eiia sinh vien vdi (P = 0,007). S u boi roi cd (R= 0,225) va giai
thich 5 , 1 % s u anh hudng den hpc tap KNGT cua sinh vien vdi (P = 0,018). Kha nang b i t chuyen co (R = 0,205) va giai thich 4,2% s u anh hudng d i n hpc tap KNGT eiia sinh vien vdi (P = 0,001). Cach chuyen sang v i n de giao t i i p khac khi xay ra b i t d i n g quan d i i m trong van de giao tiep t r u d c do CO (R = 0,087) va giai thich 0,8% s u anh h u d n g d i n hpc tap ky nang giao t i l p ciia sinh vien vdi (P
= 0,02). Kha nang trinh bay c6 (R = 0,259) va giai thich 6,7% s u anh huang d i n hpc tap KNGT eiia sinh vien vdi P = 0,001.
^ of/DIEU DUONG
N C H I E N C0U KHOA HOC
Bang 4. Yeu to ca nhan anh hiro-ng den hoc t a p ky nang giao tiep ciia s
Yeu to Ky nang sdng Gioi tinh Tuoi
Nang luc giao tiep cua giao vien Phuong phap day cua giao vien Giong ndi cua giao vien Thai do giao tilp cua giao vien Thai dd giao Iiep cua nhan vien benh vien
n h v i e n Anil huong den KNST N = 647
Rat yeu n
(%)
3 (0,5) 62 (9,6) 14 (2,2) 1 (0,2) 1 (0,2) 6 (0,9) 1 (0,2) 1 (0,2)
Yeu n (%) 11(1,7) 112(17,3)
62 (9,6) 5 (0,8) 9(1,4) 28 (4,3)
7(1,1) 3 (0,5)
Vira n (%) 246 (38) 347 (53,6) 277 (42,8) 88(13,6) 94(14,5) 242 (37,4)
88(13.6) 115(17,8)
Manh n ( % ) 304 (47) 109(16,8) 227(35,1) 295 (45,6) 311 (48,1) 284 (43,9) 328 (50,7) 323 (49,9)
Rat tnanii n {•/.) 83(12,8)
17(2,6) 67 (10,4) 258 (39,9) 232 (35,9) 87 (13,4) 223 (34,5) 205(31,7)
P 0,04 0,68 0,93
<0,001
<0,001 0,04 0.71
<0,001
Bang 4 eho t h i y ky nang s i n g cua sinh vien anh hudng d i n hpc tap ky nang giao tiep ciia smh vign d mirc trung binh 246 (38%), mire mgnh 304 (47%) va anh hudng r i t manh 83 (12,8%) vdi (p = 0,04).
Nang luc giao t i l p eiia giao vien day mon ky nang giao t i l p anh hudng mgnh d i n hge t&p KNGT cOa sinh vien vdi mirc anh hudng mgnh 295 (45,6%) va anh hudng rat mgnh 258 (39,9%) vdi (p < 0,001).
Phuang phap day hoc ciia giao vien day KNGT anh hudng den hgc tap ky nang giao t i i p ciia smh vlSn vdi mirc anh hudng manh 311 (48,1%) va anh hudng r i t manh 232 (35,9%) vdi (p < 0,001). Gipng n6i cua giao vien day ky nang giao t i i p anh hudng vira 242 (37,4%), anh h u d n g manh 284 (43,9%) vA anh hudng rat manh 87 (13,4%) vdi (p = 0,04). Oac biet thai dp giao tiep eua nhan vien bgnh vien 5nh hudng manh d i n hpc tap KNGT ciia sinh vien vdi mirc anh hudng mgnh 323 (49,9%) va anh hudng rat manh 205 (31,7%) vdi (p < 0,001).
Bang 5. Yeu to mdi t r u d n g anh h u d n g den hgc t a p ky nang giao tiep cCia s i n h v i e n
Yeu to NOI sinh song Tinh trang kmh te Moi trirong truang hoc MOI trLTong benh vien Thuc tip cpng dong Phuong tien, (rang thi^t bi day hoc S6 lirong SV trong mot nhom thuc tgp
Ban sac van hoa dia phuong MOI truong ky tuc xa Cuoc s6ng neng le a nha tro
Rat yeu n
(•/.)
7(1,1) 31 (4,8)
4(0,6) 1 (0,2)
0 7(1,1) 11 (1,7) 2(0,3) 5 (0,8) 26(4)
A n i l Yeu n (%)
40 (6,2) 96 (14,8) 25 (3,9) 9(1,4) 15 (2,3)
39(6) 34 (5,3) 15(2,3) 27 (4,2) 57 (8,8)
h i r o n g den KNGT N = 647 Vu'a n (%) 243 (37,6) 332(51,3) 252 (38,9) 108(16,7) 106(16,4) 238 (36,8) 285 (44) 130(20,1) 255 (39,4) 76(11,7)
Uanti n (%) 295 (45,6) 161 (24,9) 281 (43.4) 356 (55) 339 (52,4) 247 (38,2) 262 (40) 316 (48.8) 283 (43.7) 236 (38.5)
Rat manh n
(%)
62 (9,6) 27 (4,2) 85(13,1) 173(26,7) 187(28,9) 116(17,9) 55 (8.5) 184(28,4) 77(11,9) 252 (38,9)
P 0,65 0,54 0,84 0,76 0,22
<0.001 0,24 0,55 0,13 0,01 B a n g 5 c h o t h a y p h i r c n g t i e n t r a n g t h i e t b i p h u c v u d a y h o c a n h h u - i j n g (Jen h o c t a p K N G T c u a sinh vien a mijc vira 238 (36,8%), miic manh 247 (38.2%), m i j c r i t manh 116 (17,9%) voi p < 0,001. Cu«c song rieng le o nha trg trong thoi gian hoc tap anh hu'ong ij§n hoc tap KNGT cua sinh vien o mi>c m?nh 236 (36,5%), mirc rat manh 252 (38,9%) voi p = 0,01.
I 64 V*J.DfyDUOHS.
NGHIEN c a u KHOA HOC
2.BMIUIAN 3. K n LUAN
Ket qua nghien eiru d Bang 1 phii hap vdi k i t qua nghien cipu eua Hakimzadeh va cpng s u (2013), ty le nu- gidi trong sinh vien D i i u d u d n g la 67,3%'^'. Dieu nay phii hap vdi thuc t i tai cac trudng dao tao Dieu d u d n g cung nhu luc lupng D i i u d u d n g viSn trong bgnh vign. Do dac thii n g h i nghiep, n g h i Dieu d u d n g la nghe eham soc ngudi benh, x u i t phat tir s u nuoi dudng eua ngudi me doi vdi ngudi benh Do do quan niem ciia xa hdi phan ldn cho r i n g n g h i Dieu dudng la phii hpp vdi gidi n u . Trong thuc t i , luc lupng Dieu dudng trong eae ea s d y t i da s i la nu-.
Mac khac, quan niem xa hpi cho rang cong viec ciia ngudi Dieu d u d n g trong cae ea s d y t i ia thay bang, tiem thuoc, t r u y i n djch, do sinh hieu.
l i y benh pham xet nghiem, ve sinh cho ngudi benh... Ma nhung cong viec nay da so nam gidi la khong thich lam. Do vay, thi sinh thi vao nganh D i i u d u d n g dgi da so la nir gidi ma rat it nam gidi. Dp tuoi cua sinh vien tgp trung d lira tuoi 20, 21 va 22 tuoi Dp tuoi nay phii hap vdi sinh vien nam t h u hai va nam thiK ba Chung to eac em thi vao nganh Dieu d u d n g va hpc ngay nam d i u tien chiem ty le kha cao. Nai sinh s i n g ehu y i u ciia sinh vien la viing dong bang. Tuy nhien, smh vien sinh song d viing niii ehiem so lupng khong nho vdi 147 (22,72%) tong so sinh vien. Dae biet sinh vien song viing thanh thi rat it e h i c o 13 (2,01%).
D i i u nay cho t h i y Nganh D i i u d u a n g v i n ehua thu hut d u a e hpc sinh p h i thong sdng viing thanh thi. Vdi 554 (85,63%) sinh vien cd d i i u kien kmh te gia dinh dii an. Dae bigt khdng eo sinh vien nao cd dieu kien kinh t i gia dinh giau eo. R i t eo t h i do s u khiem ton ciia sinh vien khdng dam t u nhan minh la eon nha giau ed. K i t qua phan tieh d (Bang 4) phu hap vdi nghien c u u eua Bee SB (2012), Ky nang giao tiep hieu qua that s u rat quan trpng doi vdi giao vien trong viee phan chia p h u a n g phap s u pham, quan ly Idp hpc va t u a n g tac vdi Idp hpc '''. Mpt nghien cii'u khac cua Koponen J, Pyorala E & Isotalus P (2012), p h u a n g phap dgy cua giao vien anh h u d n g den hieu qua hpc tgp cua sinh vien^'.
Nghien ciru nay da ehi ra cae yeu to anh huang d i n hpc tap ky nang giao t i i p ciia sinh vien dieu d u d n g do la: s u t u tin, tinh hoa ddng, s u b i i r i i , kha nang b i t chuyen, each c h u y i n v i n de giao tiep, kha nang trinh bay, nang luc giao t i i p cua giao vien, phuang phap day ciia giao vien, gipng noi eiia giao vien, thai dp giao t i i p eua nhan vien benh vien, phuang tien - trang t h i i t bi day hpc ky nang giao t i i p va cudc s i n g rieng le d nha trp trong dan eu Mirc dp anh hudng eua cac y i u to nay la khac nhau vdi mice y nghTa t h i n g k e P < 0,001.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bee SB (2012). The impact of teachers' communication skills on teaching. Major articles, Feb 2012, ISSN 1755-9715.
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