NHU CAU QUAN LY TONG HOP VUNG BO
TS. NGUYiN T H ^ TUdNG
Cdc vin de buc xOc ve kinh te - xd hpi viing bd
Sue ep ddn sd
Vung bd tgp trung khoang 20% ddn sd the . gidi sdng trong phgm vi each dudng bd ve phia npi d|a 30km va khoang 40% trong pham vi each dudng bd 100km vd tren cdc ddo ven bd.
Khoang 2/3 sd do thj cd2,5 triOu dan va cac khu cdng nghiep Idn cua the gidi cung n i m dvCing ven bidn vd cdc dao, va khoang 220 trigu ngudi sdng trong eac do thj Idn ven bien. Dg kien sau 20-30 nam dan sd the gidi sdng d vCing ndy se tdng gap doi (Gommes vd nnk, 1997). Sg phdt trien nhu vdy keo theo hiOn tupng tdng dan sd CO hpc va di dan tg do, chu yeu la dan ngheo tu cac vung ndng thdn vao cac khu cdng nghigp va do thj Idn ven bien. Dieu ndy Idm thay ddi chat lugng cu dan do th| (xu hudng "ndng thdn hod thdnh thj" dang didn ra), tdng Iyc Iupng lao ddng phi ndng nghiOp, tdng nhu cau su dung tai nguyen bd, vgot qua ndng Iyc tai cua cdc do thj theo quy hogch, hinh thanh thdi quen tieu thg tai nguydn Idng phi, cudi cung tang sue ep ddi vdi tai nguyen vd mdi trudng vung bd.
Tinh hinh tuong tg cQng thiy d ViOt Nam:
g i n 50% dan sd cd nude (40 triOu) sdng trong 28 tinh, thanh phd ven bien vd khoang 60%
sd do thj vd khu edng nghiOp Idn n i m d vDng cua sdng, ven bien. Cac khu cdng nghigp vd
cac hogt dgng cua khu ddn cy cd kha ndng gdy d nhiim, nhu: hod chat, ddng sua tdu thuy, xi mdng. than, khai khoang, ndng nghiep, NTTS,...Ty Ip tdng ddn sd vOng ven bien cao hon trong dat lidn (2,3% so vdi trung binh cd nude 1,8%/ndm).
Dan tri thap va ngheo khd
Hgc van cua cu ddn vung ven bien thap, nhgn thue ve mdi trudng vd tai nguyen vung bd kem. Co cau ddn cu theo ngudn gdc rat phuc tap (tgp ngudn), Idi sdng vd cdch ling su cua dan mien bien khac vdi cac dja phuong trong dat lien do phai ddi mgt hdng ngay vdi tinh khdc liet cua bien ca (tinh egnh tranh cao, ban ITnh vung vang, it hudng tdi tuong Iai,...).
Tap quan va phong tgc Igc hau, mdt sd cdn du canh du cu (ddn thuy dign tren mpt sd d i m phd ven bien mien Trung Viet Nam). Co sd hg ting phat trien van hod - xd hdi vung ven bien cdn thap (trudng hpc, bOnh xd,...). Ngu ddn tieu nghg phai bd nghe ddnh bat ven bd do cgn tdi nguyen trong khi chug cd sinh ke thgy the, cho nen dai bg phdn ngheo khd. Rot cugc hg cang tang cudng khai thac cgn kiOt ngudn Ipi de hy vgng tang them thu nhap cho gia dinh minh (sin sang the chap 'Iuong Iai"). Khoang cdch giau ngheo giua cdc cpng ddng ndng thdn ven bien ngay cdng tdng. Ty 10 ngheo ddi vdn cdn
Thdng 10+11-2012 m:mnvmmimnmn
cao, rit khd cho viec d i u tu theo hudng cdng nghiOp hod, hiOn dai hod. 6 ViOt Nam dd xdc dinh cdn khoang 208 xa ven bien cdn nghdo, chiem 14% tv' 10 ddi ngheo ca nude. Ndm 2004, Chinh phu dd xdc djnh vdn cdn 157 xd bdi ngang ngheo nhat.
Vign Tai nguyen Thd gidi (1996) da xdy dyng bg ehi sd danh gid cdc de dog tCr hogt dgng phdt trien den cac HST vung bd vd da the hign tren ban do sd hod ddi vdi vCing bdcd ranh gidi trong phgm vi 60km ve phia Igc dig vd vung bien g i n bd (nearshore). Chi sd ndy dya trdn 05 sd ehi thj (indicator) de dog nhan sinh tiem ndng d c i p dd toan c i u hipn nay la:
- Cac thanh pho tren 100.000 dan: de dog tiem nang tu phdt trien vung bd, nude thai vd d nhilm cdng nghiOp,
- Cac cang chinh: dg do de dog tiem ndng tu du nhap cae loai qua nude ddn tdu, tiem ndng sg cd tran dau va d nhidm cdng nghiOp,
- Fi/lat do dan so: do do de dog tiem ndng tu phat trien vCing bd vd d nhidm,
- Mat do dudng xa: do do gian tiep tdc ddng ddn tdi nguyen bd vd tO' phat trien bd,
- Mat do duong ong: 66 do de dog tiem ndng vd d nhidm d i u vd cac sg cd trdn chit thai khdc.
Can luu y rang, vi cdc sd ehi thj tren do dgc sue ep hon la dieu kien, nen cac ket qua nay khdng hdm y ring cac khu vge ndy thyc chat da bj suy thodi. Them nDa, cdc tdc dpng cOa ddnh ed, phd rCmg va hogt ddng ndng nghiep ven bien khdng duge de cap; cdc hogt dpng cua con ngudi ngodi 60km ve phia dat lien khdng duge xem xet; khdng bao gom tinh nhay tuong ddi cua cac HST khac nhau ddi vdi cdc nhidu loan. Nghien eCru ndi tren d quy md qua Idn ddi vdi hudng dan cac heat dpng quy hogch/ Igp ke hogch vg quan ly d cap qudc gia, cho nen c i n phai xay dung mgt bd sd ehi thj tdng the hon,...
14 17 12 24 16 24 20 17
38 52 17 26 70 12 24 34 Bing 1 ehi ra r i n g 86% vijng bdChau Au va 69% bo Chau A n i m trong khu vyc rui ro suy thoai tiem nang cao ho$c vua.
Bang 1. Phan tram duong b o bi de doa tiem nang '">
VPng T h a p " ' VCia'=' G a o l * Chau phi 49
Chau A 31 B i c va Trung My 71 Nam My 50 Chau My 14 Lien Xd trudc day 64 Chau Dai Duong 56 The gjoi 49
Ghi chu;
(a) Phan hang de doa md ta rCii ro tiem nang tu cac hoat ddng phat then ddi vdi cac HST vCing bdvao nam 1995.
(b) De dop tiem nang thap: vung bd cp mat dp dan sd dudi 75 ngudi/km^ mat dp mang ludi dudng xa thap hon 100km dudng/km^ hojc khdng cd cac dudng dng.
(c) De doa tiem nang vija: vCing bd cd mat dp dan sd 75-150 ngudi/km^, mat dp mang ludi dudng xa 100-150km dudng/km' hoac mat dd dudng dng dao ddng trong khoang 0-10km dudng dng/km^
(d) De doa tiem nang cao: vOng bd n i m trong mdt thanh phd hoac mpt c i n g Idn hope cd mat dp dan sd vupt 150 nguoi/kmS mat dd mang ludi dudng xa vupt 150km dudng/km= hope mat dd dudng dng vupt 10km dudng dng/km^.
The che chinh s i c h q u i n ly vung bd cdn nhieu b i t c j p
Trong trudng hpp Viet Nam, van de sd hOu • dat va mat nude d vCing bd chua rd (ehi bj ehi phdi bdi Luat Oat dai). Chua phan dinh rd rang eac phan khu chiic nang 6 vung bd (coastal
22EBBS3 ''°"«'
function zoning) va phan cap quan ly cho cdc nganh, cac dja phuong va cdng ddng sCr dung va quan ly khdng gian vung bd (coastal space).
G i n day (2006), Nghj dinh 123/2006/NO-CP cua Chinh phu da cho phep lap phuong an giao mdt nude ven bd trong pham vi 6 hai ly cho dja phuong quan ly* vd su dung vd giao mat nude cho cdng ddng nudi trdng va khai thdc thuy sdn.
Nhung den nay vdn chua thgc hiOn dugc each chia nhu vay, do cd nhieu coquan qudn ly khac nhau ddi vdi vung bd hode tung hgp phan trong nd, nhung chdng cheo vd chuc ndng/nhiOm vg trong khi cd nhCing mang trdng bj bd ngo khdng ai cd trach nhiem. Vigc quan ly eac hogt ddng khai thdc hai san tu ben ngodi xam nhgp vdo vung ven bd cdn yeu (giua eac tinh, t i u thuyen nude ngoai xdm phgm). Thidu sy phdi hgp giua cac CO quan quan ly, co quan khoa hgc vd cdc Td ehue phi chinh phu (NGO) trong vigc su dgng va quan ly tdi nguyen bd. Tinh hinh thuc thi phdp lugt ddi vdi qudn ly vung bd cdn yeu c i tCr hai phia - co quan Nha nude vd ngudi dan.
Thieu can bg cd ndng Iyc va kien thuc trong quy hogch, thuc hien va giam sat quan ly vCing bd. Sy chdng cheo chuc ndng giua cdc td chtre chinh phu trong vigc thyc hign lugt lien quan den tai nguyen va mdi trudng bd, cung nhu thidu mdt eo che quan ly lien ngdnh trong vigc su dgng da ngdnh/da mgc tieu tdi nguyen vOng bd. COng ddng dja phuong vdn chua dupe Idi cudn tham gia vdo cac ke hogch qudn ly vung bd. Nhu da ndi, tdi nguyen bd td dgng tai nguyen chia se va dugc sCr dgng da mgc tieu, nhung quan ly tdi nguyen bd vdn chu yeu theo ngdnh. Cho nen, mdu thudn Igi I'eh trong vigc su dung da nganh/da mgc tidg cdc tai nguyen bd ngdy cang tdng. Cudi cung, cung c i n luu y den sg thieu thign ehi eiJa cac co quan quan ly nhd nude cac c i p trong viOc trien khai chuong trinh quan ly tdng hgp vung bd (QLTHVB).
Nguyen nhan sau xa cua sy suy thoai HST va mat tai nguyen bd
Nhu da ndi, phin Idn cae tac dpng den vung bd bit ngudn tir ngoai vung ndy. ddc biOt tu cdc luu vyc sdng ven bien. Cho ndn quan ly vung bd hieu qua phai g i n vdi qudn ly cdc luu vuc sdng.
Cae nguyen nhdn sdu xa ddn den suy thodi tai nguyen bd la: chat phd rCing d i u ngudn; xdi Id bd bien; sa bdi va nghen bun d cua sdng, cOa dam phd; su dung dat gay ngheo kiOt; khai khodng ven bien; lam dgng phdn bdn vd thudc tru sau; xdy dgng dudng xd/cang bien; xa nude thai khdng qua su ly xudng vCing ven bd; du Iich ven bien-dao; phu dudng do NTTS vd d nhidm do chat thai edng nghiep. Ben canh cac ngudn d nhidm nhdn sinh tren, mdt sd vung ven bd cd the bi d nhidm vd suy thodi bdi cdc qua trinh tu nhien nhu nui lua phun, tai bien bao Igt, hiOn tugng ddng cao mgc bien vd El-nino,...
VCing bd cdn bi de dog bdi bien ddi khi hau) mgc nude bien dang va nude ddng do bao (storm surge). Theo kjch bdn xau: muc nude bien ddng cao them 95 cm vdo nam 2100 gay tac ddng rat khac nhau d tung khu vge bd eac nude tren the gidi iien quan tdi sy cOng hudng tae dOng cua cae "yeu to dja phuong", nhu;
thuy trieu, gid, md hinh khi dp, ddng chay bien, chuyen ddng kien tgo ndng hg,...TiJe Id dao ddng tuong ddi giua bidn vd luc dja d cap dia phuong la yeu td tdc dgng chu dgo hon la c i p toan c i u (Warwick vd nnk, 1996). Nhieu dd thj, lang mgc vd vung dat thap ven bien bj ngap ehim dudi nude bidn, dgc biOt la cac chau thd.
Keo theo la gia tang xdi Id bd bien, pha huy eo sd hg ting ven bien, tang thdm nhgp mgn, t i e nghen hO thdng edng rdnh dd thj ven bien anh hudng den sue khde ngudi dan, mat eac HST vung trieu vd ngudn Ipi sinh vgt Theo Nicholls (1995), kjch ban tren se gay ra tac ddng den da sd ngudi dan sdng d Trung Qudc (72 trieu ngudi), Bangladesh (13 trieg ngudi vd 16%
Thdng 10+n -2012 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 2
s i n iupng iuong thyc qudc gia) va Hy Lap (6 trieu ngudi va 15% dat ndng nghipp bj mit).
Dan sd the gidi bj tac ddng d muc giua 0,3%
(Venezuela) va 100% (quin dao Marshall va Kiribati). Trong vdng 10 nam qua (1995-2006), myc nude bien udc tinh dang len 3,1mm/ nam (IPCC, 2007). Trong the ky nay cijng vdi su tiep tuc ndng i6n cua Trai d i t de lam cho nude bien dang len tdi muc 1 -3m va sy tan bang d Green- land va tay Nam Cue cd the iam cho nude bien dang idn den 5m. Nhung tac dpng nghiem trpng nhat ehi x i y ra ban chd d mpt sd nude, trong dd ed Viet Nam. Bat ky kieh b i n nao xay ra eOng deu tac dpng nghiem trpng den vung ddng bing sdng Cuu Long va sdng Hdng cua Viet Nam. Chi c i n muc nude bien dang cao 1 m da ed k h i nang anh hudng den ddi sdng cua khoing 11% dan sd Viet Nam, nhat ia 6 cac ddng bang ven bidn (iUCN, 2007).
Nude dang do bao, dac bi$t d vUng bien cd thuy trieu cua cac nude nhiet ddi cung gay tac hai idn den cac cdng trinh bd va hopt dpng nudi ca Idng be cua ngu dan. Vi du, vung bd Viet Nam la noi xuat hidn nhieu bao nhiet ddi, trung binh 5 con bao/nam. Nude dang do bao ia su kien dang chu y dac bi6t ddi vdi Viet Nam: trong cac nam 1954-1984, khoang 50% con bao tao ra nude dang miic 1 m, 20% dat muc 2m, eye dai 3m bieu hien khdng thuong xuyen d mpt sd khu vyc ven bien phia Bic. 6 mien Trung va mien Nam nude dang do bao dat mUc thip hon va khac nhau (trung binh 0,5m).
Su mat mat tai nguyen va HST vung bd va tu day giim gia trj djeh vu va hang boa mdi trudng, xuit phat tu su tang nhu c i u tai nguyen bd (dac biet nhu c i u cua ngudi dan dia phuong gia tang do sue ep dan sd) va thue te quan iy thieu ben vung. Theo Turner va Jones (1991), nguyen nhan mat mat tai nguyen va HST bd cd the phan tich theo 03 "thit hpi" tuong quan:
that bai ve thj trudng (trong dd ed quyen sd
hOu); thit bai vd chinh sach hoSo sp can thiep va thidu hyt thdng tin.
Gia ca thi trudng thuong rot de p h i n i n h ehi phi thpc ve mdt loai hang hoa hoac mdt loai djeh vy va vi thd truyen di mpt tin hieu khdng chinh xac ve thuong truong; doi khi khdng the djnh gia cho mdt ioai hang hoa. Thi dy, khdng djnh gia chinh xac dupe ehi phi cho viec bao tdn RNM ddi vdi ndng nhiep va NTTS. Khia canh thj trudng cua 04 che dp sd huu tac ddng den tai nguyen bd: sd huu nha nude, tiep can md, sd hiiu Chung va sd hOu tu nhan. Quyen sd hiiu va si> dyng la nen tang ddi vdi phan phdi tai nguyen bd va ban chat la xac djnh quyen phap iy cho ngudi kiem tra tiep cpn ngudn ipi.
Quan iy tai nguydn va mdi trudng bd ehi cd the dat dupe hieu q u i lau dai khi quyen ipi (quyen va Ipi) cua ngudi dan dupe bao dam theo each tiep can ddng quan ly theo phuong thuc "nha nude va nhan dan" cdng i i m (right-based co- management).
T h i t bpi chinh sach la rat tram trpng, gay ra mat tai nguydn va suy thoii HST vdng bd.
That bai nay thuong do cac nha q u i n iy theo dudi muc dich kinh te trudc m i t v i thieu nhan thiic ve Ipi ich kinh te dac biet lau dai. Trong da sd trudng hpp, that bpi chinh sach cd nghTa la cae ehi'nh sich khdng cuu van dupe tai nguyen va HST dang va se bj suy thoai hoac khdng coi trpng quan diem eCia ngudi dan dja phuong.
Dieu nay d i n den iam suy yeu eac td chiic can thiet de duong dau vdi tinh hinh nay; sy thieu ving mdt khudn khd phap lu$t hole nang luc thuc thi yeu. Tinh hinh nhu vay cd the vi ii) cho trudng hpp tai nguyen bd, noi tiep can "md"
trong khai thac. Tuong tac giua t i i nguySn va muc dp thay the, bdi vay, phg thupc nhieu vao su chap nhan danh ddi (trade off) cac tai nguyen hay khdng? Trong NTTS ching han, su danh ddi tdn tai giua nang suit, tinh dn dinh, khi nang phye hdi iai va cdng b i n g . Ndi each khac.
Thang lQ+11-2012
tinh ben vung cCia mpt hp thdng tai nguyen phu thudc vao hoan canh va sy ngiu nhidn.
Thit bai thdng tin: eac chinh sach phd hpp thyc te ddi hdi thdng tin dau vao phii phu hop.
Thieu thdng tin la yeu td gdp phin iam that bpi chinh sach, thieu co sd ra quyet djnh chinh sach, mac du thdng tin hoan h i o khdng bao gid cd, tham ehi d nhung nude tien tien nhit.
Do nhan iyc va thdi gian han che, nSn thdng tin phai chpn ipc, hp thdng (ed eOng khdng gian va thdi gian), chinh xac va ed tinh dan xuit dd su dyng trong ra quyet djnh.
Cudi cung, mdt cau hdi rat idn dat ra cdn chua dupe t r i idi can ke - ai ia ngudi ganh chju va cd trach nhipm giii quyet cae hau qua x i u trong qiia trinh khai thac, su dung mdi trudng va tai nguyen bd? Rd rang, c i n phai su ly tdt mdi quan he trach nhipm cua the he hdm nay ddi vdi cac the hp mai sau hudng tdi ben vung.
Nghe ca vCing bd
Thdng ke cho thiy, thuy s i n thudng dat gia trj GDP cao, hang nam ddng gdp tCr 5% ddn 10% cho nen kinh te cua nhieu qudc gia ven bien dang phat then. Phin idn tdng san Iupng thuy s i n cCia nhieu nude ven bien thudng tu nghe ca vUng bd. 6 c i p dja phuong, thuy sin cung cap sinh kd cho ngudi dan va cung ddng gdp cho an ninh thyc pham. Miic ti§u thy thuy s i n trung binh hang nam tren d i u ngudi ia 9kg d cac nude dang phat then, 27kg d cac nude phat then va 50kg d nhieu qudc gia d i o nhd.
cac giii phap quan iy thudng la chuyen ddi sinh ke cho ngu dan, ho trp ngu dan vuon khoi de giim si)c dp den vOng ven bd, tang cudng eii each chinh sach theo hudng uu tidn b i o tdn ngudn Ipi va noi cu tru ty nhien d vung bd de tai sinh he thdng quin ly nghe ca truyen thdng nhd hipu ung phye hdi va hidu L>ng tran (spillover effect) ngudn ipi vdi quan diem phii
idng ghep chung vao trong lap ke hoach quin ly vijng bd.
Nudi trdng thuy s i n da tang trudng d nhieu nude cdng nghiep va nude dang phat tridn, dac bipt d khu vuc Dong A, ASEAN va My Latinh.
NTTS phat trien manh d vijng nude ip va nudi tren bien trong cac eo vjnh. Tuy nhien, ben canh hieu q u i kinh te do NTTS vung bd mang iai nd cung gay ra thipt hai va hau qua trudc mit va lau dai neu quin ly yeu kem. Nhu da ndi ve mat mdi trudng, NTTS vua i i nan nhan, vua la thu pham, cho nen phii xem xet cae van de mdi trudng til chinh boat ddng NTTS va nhung bien ddi mdi trudng b i t ngudn tu bdn ngoai vung NTTS. Cung chinh vi the, NTTS phai dupe quin ly ve mat mdi trudng va phii dupe idng ghep vao qua trinh lap ke hopch quan ly lien nganh d vung bd.
Nganh thuy s i n dupe xem la mpt trong nhung nganh kinh te then chdt d Vipt Nam (nam 2008 dat kim ngach xuit khau trSn 3,8 ty USD, dp kien den nam 2010 dat 4,5 ty USD), mpt nghe ca truyen thdng, thd cdng va quy md nhd. Thdy s i n Viet Nam cd the phat trien d cac loai hinh mat nude va d cac vCng mien, td mien nui den h i i dao, nhung tap trung chiJ yeu d vCing nude ip ven bien va bidn, noi ed 28 tinh va 125 huypn vdi khoang trdn 2 trieu ngu dan.
Den nay cd khoang tren 100.000 tau thuyen danh ca vdi tdng edng suit tren 5.317.447 CV, tang g i p hon 2 I i n ve sd iupng va khoing 5 Iin ve tdng cdng suit so vdi nam 1991 lidn quan den tang Iupng tau edng suit Idn danh ca xa bd. Sin Iupng khai thac td 730.420 t i n (trung binh 0,89 tin/CV) nam 1991 len den 1.809.700 t i n (tmng binh 0,34 tan/CV) trong nam 2005 cho thay cudng Iyc khai thac tang manh da i n h hudng rit idn den nang suit khai thac, den hieu q u i kinh td cCia eac dpi tau va bieu hipn danh bit qua miic dvQng bidn ven bd.
Thang 10+11-2012 25
San Iupng khai thac h i i san 6 Viet Nam so vdi san Iupng thuy san toan nganh trong cac nam 2001-2006
3500 3000 c ZSOO
^ " 1500 1000 500
y^
^^
^^^ ^-—--—^^"
"
2001 ZDE)2 2003 VXA 2
—•—Ting cin humg Uiuy sin
— • — S i r k u r r f l W i a l I Ihic 1
Trong giai doan 1999-2005, cdng ddng ngu dan khai thac h i i s i n da trd thanh mdt ipc iupng s i n xuat quan trpng, gdp phin da dpng hoa cac thanh p h i n kinh te nghe ca d Vipt Nam va phye vy cho cdng cupc xa hdi hoa nghe ca s i p tdi. Khai thac h i i s i n (hinh 6) va cdng ddng ngu dan khai thac ddng vai trd rit quan trpng ddi vdi phat tridn nganh thuy s i n Vipt Nam: hinh thanh, trdn thpc te, mdt nghd ca thuong mai (nghe ca idn-eommercial fish- eres) ben canh nghe ca cpng ddng (nghe ca nhd-smail scale fisheries). Ngu dan cung c i p ngiy cang nhieu ngudn nguydn lieu (1.8 tripu t i n hai san/nam) cho cac eo sd chd bien xuat khiu va tieu thy npi dja, tang thj phan xuat khau va ngudn thu ngoai tp cho d i t nude, ddng gdp 47% Iupng dam dpng vat td thuy s i n trong co c i u dinh dudng cOa ngudi dan. Nghe khai thac da gdp phan tich eye giii quyet eac v i n dd xa hpi, nhu: tpo thu nhap va viec iam cho ca thiy g i n 3 tripu iao dpng va gdp phdn xoa ddi giim ngheo cho cdng ddng dan ven bien, mpt sd trd nen giiu ed (tren 70% ngudi dan ven bien cho rang nghe khai thac la ngudn thu nhpp chinh
oCia hp va muc sdng gia dinh hp nang len), gdp p h i n xay dijng ndng thdn mdi ven bidn. Ngoai ra, khai thac h i i s i n va cpng ddng ngu dan da gdp p h i n hinh thanh eac lang ca ven bien vdi nhung net 'Van hda nghe ca" dde dao ma den nay cdn ft dupe nghien ciiu v i khai thac.
Luc Iupng ngu dan thudng xuyen bam bien de s i n xuit (khoang 10.000 tau thuyen/ ngay) gdp phin bao d i m an ninh, chO quyen vCing bidn
Td qudc. % Nghe ca Viet Nam cd quy md nhd vdi tren
80% tau thuyen hoat ddng dcac vCing nude gin bd, noi ehi chiem khoang 1 1 % dien tich vung dpe quyen kinh te. Ap Iyc khai thac vung gin bd rat cao iam cho ngudn Ipi suy giam nghiem trpng. Hon 80% tdng s i n iupng khai thac ia d vung nude ven bd, nhung thanh phin, s i n Iupng va kieh thudc khai thac ciia cac iodi thuy s i n cd gia tri kinh te cao ngay mdt g i i m . Cpng ddng ngu dan nhan thiic va tuan thu phap iuat trdn bien cdn yeu, d i n den nhieu boat dpng danh bat gay tdn hai den tai nguyen, ngudn ipi hii s i n va mdi trudng bien, nhu: danh bat huy diet ngudn loi, suy thoai hp sinh thai, xa thii chit gay d nhilm bien,...De khac phuc tinh trang tren, den nam 2020 Viet Nam p h i n dau hien dpi hoa nghe ca, tang kim ngach xuit khau va dieu chinh co cau s i n suit nghe ca tren bien theo hudng: gid nguyen s i n Iupng khai thic 1,8 trieu tan/nam, giam ap luc khai thac d vOng bien g i n bd tren co sd tang cudng nudi bien va dua khoing 3% di$n tich viing bien vao bao tdn, tang cudng djeh vu nghe ca va cdng nghp sau thu hoach de tang chat Iuong s i n phim ca khai thac; giam 50% iupng tau thuyen hien nay va tang cdng suit t i u ket hpp chuyen ddi n g h i ; nghiep cho ngu dan, tpo them nghe mdi; tang cudng thuc thi phap luat de bao ve hieu qui ngudn Ipi hai s i n va ap dgng rdng rai phuong thuc ddng quan iy nghe ca nhd.
Thdng 10+11-2012
