Y KIEN - TRAO D O I
HOC NGHE B A P DUG NHU CAB S i DHNG EAO DONG CHA BAT NIIOC
• • • O NGUYfiN HUY THONG*
N
hung nam gan day, nen kinh te - xa hoi nude ta phat trien, sd luang cac ca so sdn xudt, nhd mdy, xi nghiep trong nude, lien doanh vdi nude ngodi khdng ngung tdng. Cdc khu cdng nghiep vua vd nhd, cdc khu cdng nghiep vdi quy md Idn dang thu hut ddng ddo lyc luqng lao ddng vdo Idm viec. Trong chien luqc xdy dyng vd phdt trien ddt nude, Chinh phu ddt myc tieu phdn ddu den ndm 2020, nude ta ca bdn trd thdnh mdt nude cdng nghiep. Vi vdy, ca cdu nguon lao ddng phdi thay ddi, cd nhieu ngdnh nghe thay ddi. Hien nay, nude ta cd khodng 80%ngudi ddn Idm ndng nghiep. Mudn trd thdnh mdt nude cdng nghiep, lyc luqng cdng nghiep phdi chiem ti trqng 70% trd len. Vi vdy, ddi qudn cdng nghiep, trong dd tha Idnh nghe, kl thudt vien se Id lyc luqng ndng cdt. Dd Id mdt nhu cdu khdch quan, can duqc ddu tu phdt trien trudc dd hdng chuc ndm. Nhung dy dn cd vdn ddu tu hdng ti USD cdn cd lyc luqng lao ddng trinh dd cao vdi sd luqng hdng chuc ngdn ngudi thyc hien. Bdi todn nguon nhdn lyc ddp ung sy phdt trien kinh te - xd hdi duqc ddt ra rdt cap bdeh. Sy phdt trien todn cdu hda vdi tdc ddng mqnh me cua cdch mang khoa hoc vd cdng nghe, ddc biet Id cdng nghe thdng tin vd truyen thdng (ICT) dang Id sy thach thuc ddi vdi cdc nude ngheo nhu ddt nude chung ta. De cd mdt lyc luqng lao ddng cd tay nghe phuc vy cho qua trinh CNH, HDH ddt nude, Ddng vd Nhd nude dd vd dang quy hoqch xdy dyng rdt nhieu trudng dqy nghe. Ndm 2008, mang ludi ddo tqo (DT) nguon nhdn lyc tqi Viet Nam cd: 700 trung tdm (TT) dqy nghe, 204 trudng trung cap nghe, 80 trudng CD nghe, 273 trudng trung cap chuyen nghiep, 185 trudng CD chuyen nghiep, 120 trudng DH. Tinh den ngdy 5/11/2009, so luqng cdc co sd DT ndy dd tdng len nhieu, cy the cd 850 TT dqy nghe, 265 trudng trung cap nghe, 102 trudng CD nghe.
Tap chi Giao due so 232 pa a - a/aoio)
Cdc trudng trung cdp, CD chuyen nghiep vd DH cung dd tdng len nhieu. Mdi thdng cd vdi chuc trudng duqc ra ddi. Cd khodng 1000 ca sd DT nghe cua cdc trudng DH, CD, trung cap chuyen nghiep, TT GD hudng nghiep, TT GD tu xa dang tham gia DT 301 nghe trinh dd CD vd 385 nghe trinh dd trung cap (nguon: Tong cue day nghe cung cdp).
Hdng ndm, cdc trudng dqy nghe DT duqc khodng: 1,7 trieu lao ddng trinh dd tu sa cap den CD; han 600.000 lao ddng trinh dd trung cap chuyen nghiep vd DH, CD chuyen nghiep khodng 1,9 trieu lao ddng. Myc tieu phdn ddu cua nude ta dqt ti le 50% lao ddng qua DT vdo ndm 2010, dqt 70% vdo ndm 2015 vd khodng 90% vdo ndm 2020. Hien nay, da sd trong mdi gia dinh vd thanh nien den tudi trudng thdnh deu chua cd nhdn thuc that dung ddn trong viec lya chon nghe nghiep. Tdm li «khoa cu", sinh bdng cap, mong mudn duqc «mu cao, do ddi ", Idm viec tqi vdn phdng, tqi TT thdnh phd,... Id mdt rdo cdn rdt Idn khi hq so sanh, lya chon vdo hoc tqi mdt trudng nghe. Hq cdn mdc cdm vdi ngudi lao ddng chdn tay, cho rdng lao ddng chdn tay Id thdp kem, thu nhdp thdp, chdm tien bd...
Quan niem chua dung ddn dd cdn duqc dieu chinh Iqi, can nhin thdy sy phdt trien kinh te trong nen kinh te thi trudng day sdi ddng, linh hoqt, da dqng vd sdng tqo hien nay. Sue lao ddng Id mdt hdng hda. Sy trao ddi sue lao ddng cua tung cd the phy thudc vdo sy ket tinh nhieu yeu td, kT ndng, kT xdo trong sue lao ddng cua cd nhdn dd. Gid tr| lao ddng cdng cao, Iqi nhuqn thu duqc cdng nhieu, khdng phdn biet lao ddng tri dc hay lao ddng chdn tay. Lao ddng cua thdi dqi cdng nghe thdng tin, cdng nghe truyen thdng phdt trien khdc xa lao ddng cua ngudi cdng nhdn cdch day 100
* Nha Trang - Khanh Hoa
nam ve trudc. Lao dong cua thai dqi tri thuc Id lao ddng cua tu ddng hda, dieu khien, su dyng phdn mem sdn xud't duqc cdi dqt trong chuang trinh sdn xud't. Vi vdy, ddi hdi ngudi lao ddng phdi duqc trang bj cdc kT ndng nghe nghiep cdn thie't. Nhung thanh nien DT tqi cdc trudng nghe cd thdi gian DT ru 2 den 3 ndm se ddp ung duqc nhung yeu cdu ndy vd Id nguon lao ddng bd sung can thiet cho cdc doanh nghiep, ca sd sdn xud't trong nen cdng nghiep tien tien.
Thdi gian hoc DH phdi mat 4 ndm. Khi ra trudng, SV mudn vdo Idm dung ngdnh DT thi phdi cd bdng td't nghiep dqt loqi khd trd len. Hien nay, cd hdng trieu SV td't nghiep d cdc trudng DH vd CD chua kiem duqc viec Idm. Cd SV sau 4 ndm hoc hdnh ton kem, khdng xin duqc viec Idm dung vdi chuyen ngdnh DT phdi xin Idm viec khdc de kiem sdng, biet rdng nghe nghiep bj mai mdt di nhung ddnh chdp nhdn. Cd SV phdi bd ngdnh hoc dd md hoc Iqi tu ddu ngdnh khdc,... Dd Id mdt sy Idng phi vd chua chdc ngdnh mdi hoc ra trudng dd xin Idm duqc dung ngdnh DT. Sy hao ton tien cua, tudi xudn, sue lyc cua chinh SV dd Id nhung dieu md mdi ngudi can than trqng, cdn nhdc khi lya chon ngdnh nghe cho phu hqp. Dd Id he qua cua sy mat cdn dd'i trong phdn luong vd hudng nghiep cho hoc sinh. Vdy, HS cdn trang bj cho minh mdt nghe nghiep dn djnh, xem minh hoc nghe gi Id phu hqp, sd trudng cd the dam nhdn viec gi cd hieu qua nhdt; hoc DH hay hoc mdt nghe Id phu hqp vdi ban thdn; khdng nen cd nhung ham mudn vuqt qua gidi hqn ndng lyc cua bdn thdn. Thyc te cho thdy, nhieu ngudi dd giu cuang vj trqng trach deu xudt thdn tu tha kT thudt, cdng nhdn Idnh nghe md len. Khdng phdi vdo DH Id con dudng duy nhdt cua tudi tre. Khdng nen bdng mqi gid de chiem lay tdm bdng DH.
Con dudng hoc van Id vd tdn, cd quyet tdm chdc chdn se gdt hdi duqc thdnh cdng.
Neu lya chon hoc mdt nghe thi phdi xdy dyng cho minh mdt ke hoqch hdnh ddng de ty hodn thien minh nhu sau: kT thudt vien (hodc tha Idnh nghe) -> tich luy -> hoc tap -> Idm viec cd thu nhdp cao d hoc tap,...
Con ngudi cua xd hdi tri thuc Id con ngudi duqc ket hqp hdi hda vd nhuan nhuyen giua tri thuc vd lao ddng. Cha dng ta nhdn thuc ve hoc nghe rdt tien bd, rdt thyc tien, md Iqi cd tdm nhin
vuqt thdi gian: «Nhd't nghe tinh nhdt thdn vinh"
hay «rudng be be khdng bdng nghe trong tay",
«Rudng tdt mudn khodnh chdng bdng nghe mon theo minh". Hien nay, cdc khu cdng nghiep, cdc khu djch vy mdi dang duqc moc len vd di vdi nd Id cdc ca sd hq tdng hien dqi duqc ddng bd de phuc vy cho ngudi lao ddng: phuang tien giao thdng, djch vy, sieu thj, trudng hoc, benh vien, viin thdng, nhd d,... duqc bd tri lien hodn Idm cho cudc sdng cua cdc khu cdng nghiep Idn hien dqi, thda man cdc nhu cdu cua ngudi lao ddng den Idm viec vd lap nghiep.
Lao ddng trong thdi dqi cdng nghiep khdng cdn ndm hep trong qudc gia hay vung Idnh thd nua md xudt khdu lao ddng di cdc qudc gia tren the gidi dd trd thdnh phd bien. Nhung ngudi tho cd tay nghe cao, cdc kT thudt vien gidi tham gia xudt khdu lao ddng de cd ca hdi ddi ddi dd ndm trong tdm tay cua tudi tre. Mong cdc bqn dung mat thdi gian tim dudng vdo trudng DH khi vdn kien thuc cua bdn thdn chua du de vuqt qua cdc ki thi tuyen, hdy xdc djnh cho minh mdt phuang hudng hoc nghe - theo nghe de cd cudc sdng phdt trien, dn djnh vd ben vung trong mdt nude cd cdng nghiep phdt trien nhu nude ta sau ndy.Q
Doi moi phirong phap...
(Tiep theo trang 54)
cd them niem tin cua cdng ddng xd hdi ddi vdi loqi hinh gido dye ndy. •
(1) B6 GD-DT: Hoi nghj tdng ket 10 nam thyc hien dy an giao due tup ghep va song ngir 1991-2000 - Ha Ndi, 1997.
(2) NguySn Thanh Thuy. "Mpt so' bai hpc kinh nghiem trong day hpc lap ghep d Viet Nam". Tap chi Gido due, so' 120 (8/2005).
(3) Dang Thanh Hung. Day hpc hien dai - li luan - bien phap - ki thuat. NXB Dai hpc qudc gia, H. 2002.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Bp GD-DT. Huong din thuc hien nhiem v u nam hpc 2009-2010 ve GDMN, GDPT, GDTX va GDCN.
NXB Gido due, H.2009.
2. Dang Cpng san Viet Nam. Van kien hpi nghi lan thu 2 BCH TW khoa VIII. NXB Chinh tri qudc gia, H. 1997.
Tap chi Giao due so 2 3 2 p.. a • 2/201 o)
