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VAN DUNG QUAN DIEM CUA V.I.LENIN VE CAI TIEN BO MAY NHA NU6C VAO DOI Mdl HE THONG
CHINHTR!6NU6CTA HIEN NAY
• TS DINH VAN THUY Pho Giam doc Hoc vien Chitth tri khu vuc IV
9T6m tat: Saugan 35 ndm doi mdi kinh tevd chinh tti, VietNam chungta da thu diidc nhieu thdnh tliu quan trgng. Tuy nhien, doi mdi chinh tri chiia dong bg vdi doi mdi kinh te"> nhii Bang ta da thita nhdn nen chtia phdt huy het tiem life kinh techo sti phdt trien ben vUng ddt ntidc. Hien nay, de cdng cuoc doi mdi kinh tedgt dtidc nhieu thdnh tiiu hdn nSa thi cdn phdi dot mdi chinh tri de chinh tri thuc ddy dm mdi Mnh temgt cdch hieu qua nhat. Quan diem ciia V.LLenin vemuc tieu, nguyen tdc, gidi phdp cdi tien bg mdy nhd ntidc ndi rieng he thdng chinh tri ndi chung vdn cdn nguyen gid tri doi vdi doi mdi chinh tri d niidc ta hien nay.
• Tii khoa: VLLenin, bg mdy nhd niidc, he thong chinh tri.
1. Quan diem V.LLenin vS cai tign b8 may Theo C.Mac, PhAigghen, giiiakinhtSvachinh nha nu^c tn co moi quan he bien chiing, tac dgng qua lai Quan dilm cua VLLenin ve cai tien bo may lan nhau, trong do cliinh tri co tac dSng to Icni ddi nha nuoc noi rieng, he thfing cliinh tri noi chung vol kinh tl (co the kim ham hoac thiic dgy kinh te dugc the hien trong nhiing tac p h ^ cudi doi phat triln), nhtmg xet den cimg kinh te co vai tro ong ttong nam 1923, do la nhting tac pham nhit quyit dinh chinh tti, vai tro quyit dmh cua kinh Thugm dai Itgi, Ban vd che do hgp tac, Ve cugc t l the hien a cbo khi kinh te thay ddi thi som hay caci mang ctia chiing ta, dac biet la hai tac muon chinh tri ciingsethaydditheo'''.Do do, ddi pham Chting ta phai cai td Bg dan tiy thanh tra mdi vl kinh te thi tit ylu phai cai tiln, ddi moi vl cdng ndng nhu the nao vi Thi it ma tdt. Quan cliinh tri. La ngudi ke thiia C.Mac, Ph Angghen, dilm ciia V.I.Lenin vl cai tien bg may nha nudc, V.I.Linin nhan thiic sau sSc ring, kinh te nudc he thdng chinh tti hinh thanh khi kinh tl nudc Nga tii "Chinh sach cgng san thdi chiln" chuyin Nga c6 su thay ddi, cu thi la chuyen hudng tii sang "Chlnh sach kinh tl mdi" thi chinh tri cflng
"Chinh sach cdng san thod chiln" sang "Chinh phai cai tien, ddi mdi cho tuong thich, phu hop sach kinh tl mdi - NEP". vdi su ddi mdi cua kinh te dl chinh tti thuc day
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K V N I E M 150 N A M N G A Y SINH V.I.LGNINkinh te phdt tnen. Theo V.I.Lenm, ttong bdi canh chuyen ddi chinh sdch kinh te thi vai ttd cua chinh tn la rat ldn, nd quyet dinh su thdnh bai cua cua qua trinh chuyen ddi dd, chinh w vdy dng ndi:
"chinh tri khdng the khdng uu tien hon so voi kinh t§"'^'. Cho nen van de ddi mdi he thdng chinh tn, cai tien bd mdy nhd nudc nhdm ddp ling nhu cau phat trien kinh te cua nudc Nga la quan tdm, ttan ttd sdu sdc cua V.LLenin.
Theo V.I.Lemn, mudn ddi mdi, cai tidn mdt he thdng hay mdt bd mdy thi trudc het phai danh gid khach quan mat tich cue va han che cua nd. Do dd trudc het V.LLenm danh gid he thdng chinh tri d Nga, ttong dd dng tap trung vao bd may nha nudc. Ve mat tich cue, V.LLenin khdng dinh, nha nudc Xdviet Nga Id ki^u nhd nude uu viet nhat, th§ hien tinh nhan dan sau sdc. Trong lich su, cd nhieu kieu nhd nudc dd dupe thiet lap nhir nha nudc chu nd, nhd nudc phong kiSn, nhd nudc tu sdn. Nhung nha nudc dd la nha nudc cua thieu sd gjai cdp bdc ldt, tue dan ehu cho thigu sd. Cdn nhd nudc vd san (ttic nhd nudc xd hdi chu nghia) 6 nudc Nga Id nhd nudc tien bd nhdt, dan chti nhdt ttong lieh su, "dd la mdt phdt minh lich su vi dai nhdt, mdt ki^u Nha nudc vd san dugc sang tao ra"'*. La nhd nudc dupe thi^t lap d^xdy dung mdt xa hdi mdi, tdt dep hon cho ddng ddo qudn chung nhdn ddn, phat huy quyen ldm chu cua dai da sd nhdn ddn. Vi mat ban chi, V.LLenin thdng thdn thiia nhan hien tuong quan lieu, tham nhung, hdi Id... ttong he thdng chinh tn ndi chung, ong viet:
"xm ndi them d ta bpn quan heu dy dang tdn tai khdng nhiing ttong nhung chinh quygn Xd-vidt ma ca ttong nhung ca quan Dang nua"'^, "Nan hdi Id dang tdn tai tten dat cda nan mu chu"*'...
Chinh vi nhiing han che nhu vay nen V.LLenin yeu cau: "chung ta phai suy nghi nghiem chinh nen khac phuc nhung khuyet digm cua bd mdy ay nhu die nao"'^. Ddng thdi, dng cung chi ra
nguyen nhan dan den nhiing ban chi, yeu kem dd vi tten eo sd nhan thuc ro nhiing nguySn nhdn thi mdi de ra dupe nhdng giai phdp phu hop, hieu qua cho viec khac phuc ban che, yeu kem. Theo V.LLenin, ben canh su chdng pha cua luc lupng thu dich cdn cd mdt sd nguyen nhdn sau: "Bd mdy dy cua chting ta thtic ra Id k^ diua cua che dp cu"'^'; dnh huong phong each Idnh dao quan ly cua thdi ky ehien ttanh; ttinh do dpi ngu can bd ban che "Hp chua cd day dti hpc tiiiic. Hp rat mudn dem lai cho chting ta mdt bd mdy tdt han.
Nhtmg hp khdng bift ldm nhu thd nao"'^'.
Sau khi ldm rd thtic ttang he thdng chinh tri nudc Nga ndi chung, bd may nha nudc Nga ndi rieng, V.I.Lenm de ra nguyen tac ttong ddi mdi:
Motli, ddi mdi khdng cd nghia la thay ddi ban chdt tdt dep cua che dp, ma la bao todn ch^ dp,
"Chung ta can td ra hdt sue than trpng de bao toan chinh quygn cdng nhan cua ta""°', tten co sdbao toan che dp lam cho ban chat tdt dep cua che dp dupe trien khai mdt each thuc chdt ttong hien thiic ddt nudc, bdi vi "che dp dan chd vd sdn so vdi bat cti che dp dan chu nao ciing dan chu hon gap trieu ldn""". Haili, "Phdi tudn theo nguyentacnay:Thaitmatdt"'^^'.TheoV.I.Lenin, ttong qua trinh cai tiin bp may nha nudc khdng dupe chay theo sd lupng, "Can phdi td ra ddc biet keo cu vg mat sd luong""^' ma phai chd ttpng chdt lupng. Ba li, phai kien til, quyet het, khdng dupe nua vdi. V.LLenin cho rang, ddi mdi, cdi each bao gid cung gap su can ttd cua nhirng luc lupng bao thd, thu ctmi nen phdt kien tti, quygt het, dng ndi: "Tdi bigt rdng se phai khang cti mdt each mdnh het, s6 phai to ra ki6n tti phi thudng"'"'. Ngudi cdn nhan manh: "Neu khdng kien nhan, neu khdng gianh cho cong tdc ay nhieu nam thdng thi tdt hon diing bdt tay vao viec""^'. Han nua, V.I.Lenin luu y la trong ddi mdi, cai each he tiidng chinh tri khdng flupc lam
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ntia vdi, vi "nhiing bien phap nda ehiing se het siic tai hai""^'.
Cdn cu vd thuc ttang cua he thdng chinh tri nudc Nga thdi bay gid va hdm sat nguyen tdc ddi mdi he thdng chmh til, V.I.Lemn dg ra cdc giai phdp ca ban nhdm phat huy mat tich cue, khac phtic mat han chg nhu sau: Mot la, tang cudng cdng tdc kiera tta gidm sdt ddi vdi cdc co quan cua bd may nhd nudc ndi rieng, cua ca he tiidng chinh tti ndi chung. Theo V.I.Lerun, kiem tta giam sat la vd ciing quan ttpng, ngu khdng thtic hien tdt cdng tac kigm tta, giam sat thi viec ddi mdi khdng thg tiiiic hien dupe. Kiem tta, gidm sdt cdc hoat dpng cua eac ca quan, td chiic de dara bao cac co quan, td chiic dd boat ddng dting va hidu qua, ddng thdi de kip tiidi khde phuc khuyet digm, sai lam neu cd. Hai la, sap nhdp mdt sd co quan nhd nudc vdi CO quan dang de ndng cao chdt lupng, hidu qua cua he thdng ehinh tri; Ba la, nang cao trinh dd chuydn mdn, nghiep vu, ban linh chinh tri, phdm chat dao dtic cua dpi ngu can bd ttong he thdng chinh tri, ket hpp chat ehe vdi tinh gian bien chg mpt each tiiet dg, nghiem ngdt.
2. Van dung quan di^m V.I.Lenin ve cai ti§n bo may nha nu'd'c vao d^i mdi chfnh tri Of Viet Nam hien nay
Yiet Nam bdt ddu ddi mdi kinh te tu nam 1986, tten CO sd thanh cdng cua ddi mdi kinh te. Dang ta tiing budc ddi mdi chinh tri. Cdch ldm nhu vdy Id phu hpp vdi quy ludt ve mdi quan he gitia kinh tgvd chinh tri eua Chu nghia Mac - Lenin. Trong hon 30 ndm ddi mdi kmh tg vd chinh til vua qua, chiing ta dd thu dupe nhieu thdnh tuu quan ttpng.
Vg kinh te, tii kinh te bao cap, kg hoach hda da chuygn ddi thanh cdng sang kmh te thi trirdng va quy md nen kinh tg tdng trudng nhanh; co cau kinh tg dang thay doi theo hudng cdng nghiep va dieh vu; qud trinh hdi nhdp vdi kinh tg the gidi ngay cang sdu rdng... Ve chmh tri, gitj viing dupe
sir dn dinh chinh tti [dieu ma Lign Xd va cac nudc Ddng Au khdng lam dupe ttong cai td, cai each);
su Idnh dao ciia he thdng chinh tii cang ngay cang nhanh nhay, kip thdi vd hieu qua; dudng ldi, chti ttuong chmh tri cdng ngdy cang phu hpp vdi yeu cau cua thtic tiin... Tuy nhien, ddi mdi chinh tri d nudc ta cung chua dat nhu mong mudn, digu dd dupe cac Daihdi dai bieu todn qudc cac nhi^m ky trude dd thiia nhan va Dai hdi XII mpt lan nua thdng thdn thiia nhan: "Ddi mdi ehlnh tri chua ddng bd vdi ddi mdi kinh te; nang luc va higu qua hoat dpng ctia he thdng chinh tri chua ngang tam nhiem vu. Viec tao nen tang dg ea ban ttd thdnh mdt nudc cdng nghiep tiieo hudng hien dai khdng dat dupe mtic tidu de ra"'^^. Mdt ttong nhting nguygn nhan ctia nhiing han chg ttgn la "Td chtic bd may cua Dang va todn he thdng chinh tri cdn cdng kgnh, nhigu tang ndc; chuc nang, nhiem vti d mpt sd td chuc cdn chdng cheo""^' va "Qudn ly nhd nudc chua dap ting kip yeu cau phdt trien cua kinh te thi trudng vd hdi nhdp qudc te""^'... Do dd, ddi mdi chlnh trj d Viet Nam hien nay vdn la ygu cau mang tinh thdi su cdp bdch.
Ke thua nguyen tdc ddi mdi chinh tri ctia V.I.Lgnin, cd tiie khdng dinh ddi mdi chinh tn d Viet Nam hien nay khdng phai Id thay ddi che dp ehinh tri xd hdi ehu nghia tdt dep md Dang va nhan dan ta dd tdn nhieu cdng stie, xuong mdu de gay dtmg vd bao ve. Ddi mdi ehinh tri d Viet Nam Id ddi mdi he tiidng chmh tri de cd mdt he thdng chmh tti tinli gon, khoa hpc, trong sach, nhanh nhay, cd hieu luc, hieu qua eao. Ddi mdi he tiidng chinh tri dg he thdng chmh tri ddp img yeu cau ngay cdng cao cua cdng cudc ddi mdi kinh tg hien nay, tii dd cd the thuc day qua trinh ddi mdi kinh te tiep tuc dat dupe nhieu thanh tuu hon nua. Ddi mdi chinh tri la de thirc hien muc tieu "Dan giau, nudc manh, ddn chti, cdng bdng, van muih" mdt cdch sdm vd tdt nhdt. De
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KY N I | M 150 N A M NGAY SINH V.I.LGNINthtic hien dupe muc tteu etia ddi mdi ehinh tri d Viet Nam nhu ke tten thi phai kien tri ddc lap dan tdc va chti nghia xd hdi, tii chti chi'nh tti, khdng le thudc vdo nhung Itie lupng chmh tri bgn ngodi. Phai thdng nhdt nhan thtic rdng, ddi mdi chinh tri khdng phai la thtic hien da nguydn chinh tti, da dang ddi lap nhu nhung phan tti phan ddng va thg Itic thu dieh dang reu rao vd
"dign bign" md phai giii virng nguyen tdc mdt dang Idnh dao la Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, bdi vi lieh su nudc ta gan mdt tram nam qua da chiing mmh, chi cd Dang Cdng san mdi cd du uy tin va kha nang lanh dao dat nudc va khdng cd mdt Itic lupng ehinh tri ndo cd the thay thg dupe vai ttd Idnh dao dat nude eiia Dang Cdng sdn.
Ddi mdi chinh tri d Viet Nam khdng phdi la thay ddi nen tdng tu tudng chinh tri, ma phai kien tri chu nghia Mac-Lenin vd tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, bdi vi chti nghia Mac-Lgnin va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh chiia dung tinh thdn nhdn vdn, nhan ban, bao ham tinh khoa hpc, tinh cdch mang vd dd dupe kigm nghiem gid tri "soi dudng, dan ldi"
ttong thtic tiin each mang dau ttanh giai phdng dan tdc ciing nhu trong qua trinh ddi mdi hon ba muai nam qua d Viet Nam. Cung edn ndi them rdng, hien nay lue luong thu dich dang tang cudng xuyen tac chu nghia Mac-Lenin vd tu tudng Hd Chi Mmh nhdm tiiay ddi nen tang tu tudng ctia Dang, dieu dd ddi hdi chiing ta cdng cdn phai kien dinh, kidn tri ban niia vd van dting sdng tao chd nghia Mac-Lenin va tutudng Hd Chl Minh ttong thtic tidn hien nay.
Mot la, ting cudng cdng tac thanh tra, kiim tra, giam sat doi vdi boat ddng cua cic ca nhin, tdchuc cua hi thdng chinh nhim phat hien sdm nhiing sai lam lech lac di diiu chinh cho he thdngchinh tri boat ddng tdt hon.
Trong rihung nam ddi mdi, dac biet la tu sau Dai hdi XII etia Ddng, cdng tac kiem Ua gidm sat
dd cd nhigu ehuyen bign tich ctic va thu dupe nhigu thanh tiJU. BdngchiingldLIyban Kigm tta Trung uang da chi ra nhigu ban chg, yeu kem, tham chi Id sai lam cua nhigu ca nhdn, td ehiic.
Tuy nhien, edng tae kigm tta, giam sdt ndi ehung vdn edn nhiing ban ehe nhat dinh, dieu nay Dang ta da thira nhan: "Co che kiem tta, giam sat, kiem soat va xu ly vi pham cdn ydu"'^"'. De cdng tdc thanh tta, kigm tta, gidm sdt dupe tiiuc hien tdt cdn qudn tiiet tinh than ciia V.I.Lenin.
Thu nhat, kiem tta, gidra sat vdi tinh than la khdng ed ngoai le vdi bdt cti caquan, td chiic ndo ndo, du CO quan dd, td chuc dd boat ddng d cap ndo, llnh vtic nao, tiic khdng cd "viing cdra" nhu V.LLenm da can dan: "phdi chu y den todn the bd may nha nudc ciia ta va phai hudng su boat ddng... vao tat ca eac co quan nha nudc khdng trir mdt co quan nao ca, du la d dia phuang hay d trung uong, thudc nganh thuong nghiep hay thuan tiiy hanh chinh, giao due, luu tru, hay sdn khdu, v.v.., ndi tdra lai, tdt ea cac co quan, khdng trii mdt CO quan nao" '^^'. Thuhai, mudn cdng tdc kiem tta, gidm sdt boat ddng tdt thi phdi cd dpi ngu can bd kigra tta, gidm sat du ndng lire trinh dp vd ban linh. Cdn bd kiem tta, giam sdt ngoai tieu chudn ve trinh dp ehuyen mdn, nghiep vu, phai hdi dii ban hnh ehinh tri vd phdra chdt dao diic sau ddy: "khdng dupe vi ne ca nhan"'^', ludn tinng tiiuc va hanh ddng theo luong tdm ttong sang "Hp se khdng tin mdt ldi nao, khdng ndi rapt ldi nao ttai vdi luong tdm hp"i^V'khdng so thua nhdn bat ctimdt khd khan ndo vd khdngliii budc tiiide bat ctimgt cugc dau ttanh nao de dat dugc muc dlch"'^''', "Khdng rapt quygn uy nao cua tdng bi thu hay Id cua mdt uy vign ndo ttong ban chap hanh tirung uong cd thg ngdn can mmh chat van kiem tta cac hd so, va ndi chung, ndm dupe tinh hmh het stic ro rang vd xu ly moi viec hdt siic dung ddn"'^^
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Haiia, sip nhap mdtsd caquan Nha nudc vdi ca quan Ding tuang ddng vichdc ning, nliiem vude tmh gon he thing chinh tri, tii do ning cao chatluanghieu qui cuahe thdngchinh tri.
Trong qua trinh ddi radi chinh tri d Viet Nam ttong nhiing ndm qua, vdn dg sap nhdp cdc co quan, td chdc ttong he thdng chinh tri cac cdp da dupe Dang ta quan tam nhu Vdn kien Dai hdi XII dd chti truong: "Nghign ctiu thuc hidn thi digm hpp nhat mdt sd ea quan Dang va Nha nudc tuong ddng vg chiic nang, nhiem vti"'^'".
Dg trign khai chti truong dd, Bd Chinh tri dd ban hanh Nghi quyet sd 18-NQ/TW (25-10- 2017), Hdi nghi lan tiiu 6 (khdaXII) vimotsdvan devitiip tuc ddi mdi, sip xip td chuc bd miy cua hi thdng chinh tri tinh gon, hoat ddng hieu luc, hieu qua vd Nghi quyet sd 19-NQ/TW (25- 10-2017) Hdingbilantiitie (khdaXII) vitiip tire ddi mai hi thdng td chuc va quan ly, nang cao chatIwmgboat ddngva hiiu qua boat ddng cua cic don vi su nghiep cdng lap. Cac Nghi quyet nay dang duoc trien khai d nhiing raiic dp nhdt dinh, nhu hop nhdt trung tdra bdi dudng chinh tri huyen vdi ban tuygn gido huyen uy, hpp nhdt chtic danh Idnh dao rapt sd co quan... vd bude dau dat dugc nhung hieu qua ddng khieh le. Do dd, de tinh ggn he thdng chinh tri cdn tiep tuc day raanh viec sdp nhdp mdt sd co quan cd sti triing lap ve chtic nang nhiera vu vdi tinh than dera lai loi ich cho qud ttinh phat trign kinh te- xd hdi ctia ddt nudc, nhu V.I.Lgnm ludn ttan ttd:
"Lam the ndo de ket hgp dupe rapt co quan dang vdragt CO quan chinh quyen xd-vigt?". Vd Ngudi tu giai dap: "That vay, tai sao lai khdng kdt hop hai loai ca quan dd lai khi lpi ich cua cdng viec ddi hdi phai lara nhu thg?... Phai chang su kgt hpp hnh hpat cua nhan td chmh quyen vdi nhan td dang lai khdng phai la nguon gdc siic manh phi thudng ttong chinh sach cua chimg ta?"'^^.
V.LLenin ung hd viee sap nhdp cdc co quan nha nudc vd CO quan dang nhung ddng thdi dng eung luu y rang, viec sdp nhap phai trdn co sd xem xet mdt each can than va khoa hgc, phai ttanh tinh ttang cue doan raudn sap nhdp tat ca, dng nhac nhd rang, khdng dugc "Ddng nhat hda qud muc va do do cd xu hudng mudn sdp nhdp tat ca lai, dgu cd hai"™.
Ba li, cai each hinh chinh, tinh gian bien che, sudunghieu qua can bd, tiitkiem, chdnglang phi mot each triet di di nang cao chit luang, hieu qui cua he thdng chinh tri.
Trong nhung nam qua, Ddng ta ludn coi trpng cdng tac cdi each hanh chinh, tinh gian hiin chi, va chti tiuong cai cdch hdnh chinh, tinh gidn bien ch^ da, dang dupe trien khai va da thu dupe nhting thanh tuu budc dau, my nhien vdn cdn nhiing han che nhdt dinh, digu ndy Dai hdi XII dd thdng than thira nhan: "Cai each hdnh chfnh edn cham, thigu ddng bd, chua dap ting ygu eau"'^^',
"Co cdu td chuc bg mdy nha nude cdn cdng kgnh; chtic nang, nhiem vti nhieu ca quan, don vi van cdn chdng cheo va ehua du cu the, chua ro tham quyen, ttach nhiem cd nhdn, nhdt Id ngudi dting ddu. Thtic hien tinh gian bien che chua dat ygu cau"'^*". Do dd, can phai tigp tuc cai cdch hanh chinh, tinh gidn bien che vdimgt quygt tara chinh tri cao va coi ddy la cdng viec thudng xuyen, hen ttic ttong nhiing ndm tdi nhu tinh thdncuaV.I.Lgmnld: "khdng ngdng tinh giam bd may xd-viet va gidm bdt chi phi ctia nd bdng each giam nhe bidn chg, cai tidn td chtic, xda bd tac phong lg mg hanh ehinh, benh quan heu va giam bdt cac khoan chi tieu phi san xuat"<^^'.
Giiia cai cdch hdnh ehinh, tinh gian bien chg va tiet kiem, chdng ldng phi cd quan hd bien chiing vdi nhau. Viec cai cdch hanh chinh, tinh gian bien chg se gdp phdn quan ttpng ttong viec tiet kiem, chdng lang phi, nhd do lara tdng ngan
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KY NIEM 150 NAM NGAY SINH V . I . L I N I N saeh nhd nudc. Ngupc lai, ngdn saeh tdng them lai tao thera tien de vdt ehdt eho viec eai each hanh chinh, tinh gian bien che. Hon nua, eai edch hdnh chinh, tinh gian bien che se gdp phan quan ttpng ldm ttong sach bp mdy nha nudc vd tao CO sd viing chdc cho su tdn tai cua bd mdy nha nudc xd hdi chu nghia nhu V.I.Ldnhi dd khdng dinh: "chi cd lam eho bg may ctia ehiing ta ttong sach dgn tdt muc, chi cd giam bdt den muc tdi da tat ca nhiing cdi khdng myet ddi can thiet, chting ta mdi cd the diing viing dupc"'^^'.Cai each hdnh chinh, tinh gian bign che va ndng cao chat lupng can bd la hai mat cua mdt vdn dg va cd moi quan he huu ca vdi nhau. Muon cai cdch hdnh chinh, tinh gidn bign che thi phdi nang cao chdt lupng dpi ngu can bd, do dd phai cd CO chg thu hut, sti dung dupe ngudi tai mdt cdch hieu qua nhdt. Ben canh thu hut ngudi tdi phdi ed ehinh sdch dao tao can bd, ddc biet Id ttong bdi cdnh tiiay ddi nhanh do khoa hgc phdt tridn nhuvu bdo, toan cdu hda, hdi nhdp qudc te sau rdng hien nay. Trong digu kien thay ddi nhanh nhu hi$n nay thi phai coi viec hgc tap cua edn bd dg cap nhdt kien thiic, ndng cao trinh dp chuyen mdn, nghigp vu... la cdng viec tiiudng xuygn nhu tinh tiian cua VLLenin ndi "Mudn ddi mdi bd may nhd nudc cua chting ta phai cd het stic tu dat cho mmh nhiem vu sau ddy: Mdt la hge tap, hai la hpc tap, ba la hgc tap mai, vd sau niia phai lam sao cho hgc tiiiie d nudc ta khdng ndm tten gidy hodc Id mdt ldi ndi theo mdt ntia (digu nay phai thu tiitie Id thudng hay xay ra d nude ta), phdi ldm sao cho hpc thiic that sir an sau vdo tii ndo, hodn toan tiiuc te ttd tiianh mdt bd phdn khang kbit etia cudc sdng cua chting ta"'^^'.
Ngoai vigc dao tao can bd dti due, tai, theo V.LLenin can phai bd tri, sii dting can bd ttong bd may nha nude ndi rigng, trong he tiidng chinh tri ndi chung mdt each khoa hpc. Trong
mgt CO quan, td chirc tiiupc he thdng chinh tiri can ed nhieu loEii can bd vdi nhigu due tinh vd tdi ndng khae nhau nhdm tranh su don dieu.
Ngudi lanh dao, quan Iy phai biet each to chitc hen ket ede diie tinh, tai ndng khac nhau dd sao cho cd dugc hi6u qua cpng hudng tdt nhat nhu V.I.Lenm can dan khi dng ndi vg cai tign Bd ddn liy thanh tta cdng nong cua bd may nhd nudc Nga: "Cd Ie chung ta nen lam sao cho caquan ay ed du cde loai nhan vien ttong dd chting ta cdn hen ket dupe nhieu diic tinh, hen ket dupe nhigu tai nang ve mpi mat..., khdng ^ chan ngan bdng ndu bd ddn Ciy mdi nay lai chi gdm todn nhiing ngudi rap theo mgt khudn duy nhat"'^'.
Quan digm cua V.I.Lenin ve cai tien bg may nha nudc ndi rieng, he thdng chinh tri ndi chui^
dd ttang bl nhiing tri thue, ly luan chung ve ddi mdi bd mdy nhd nudc, hg thdng ehinh tri D
(1), (17), (18), (19), (20), (26), (29), (30) DCSVN: Van kien Dai hoi dai biiu toan qudc lin thu XII, Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia, HaNpi, 2016, tt.68,68,193,248, 101,203,174,259.
(2) CMac va PhAngghen: Toan tip, t.21, Nxb Chinh tn qudc gia - Sudiat, Ha Npi, 1995, tt.441.
(3} VLLenin: Toan tap, t.42, Nxb Tien b6, Mdticcova, 1977, tt.350.
(4), (5), (7), (8), (9), (10), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (27), (28), (31), (32), (33), (34) V.LLenin: Toan t$p, t.45, Nxb Tien bo, Matxcova, 1977, tt.l30,451,442-443,397,443 457 445, 446, 445, 447, 448, 452-453, 440, 444-445, 445, 440,452,438, 359,459,444,449-450.
(6) VLLenin; Toan tap, t.44, Nxb Tign bo, Mati[Cova, 1978, tt.219.
(11) V.I.Lenin: Toan tap, t.39, Nxb Tien bd, Matxcava, 1978, tt.3I2.
LV LUAN CHiNHTR!-So 4/2020
