SS1/2019 - Nam thff Mi/fti Bon
MOI QUAN HE GlQfA QUYEN DUOC CU TRU VA QUYEN LAO DONG CUA NGirdi N d 6 0 NGOAI THEO PHAP LUAT NHAT BAN VA BAI HOC
KINH NGHIEM CHO VIET NAM
Doan Thi Phuang Diep' Tom tSi: Mgc dii co boi canh kinh te, xa hgi khd khde biet v&i Viet Nam (Viet Nam cd ty le sinh cao, thi trudng lao ddng ddi ddo), tio' nhien chinh sach chung cua Nhdt Bdn ddi v&i viec tiip nhgn lao dgng nuac ngoai khd^ tuong ddng v&i Viet Nam & chd, Nhdt Bdn khd e de v&i viee nip nhdn lao ddng nhgp cu lit lao dong pho thdng, trong khi lgi mo rdng cira chdo ddn lao dgng trinh do chuyin mdn, ky thudt eao.
Bac biet, trong hi thdng phdp lugt Nhdt Bdn, giira quy dinh vi nhap ednh, eu tru cua nguai nudc ngoai va vdn de lao ddng lim kiem thu nhgp lgi ed mgt mdi quan he khd chat che, mang linh logic. V&i nhimg dQC Met vd tuong dong nhu vdy, ehung toi eho rang, viec nghiin cuu phdp lugt Nhdt Bdn trong linh vuc nay se Id mgt su chudn bi tdt cho cdc quan hi ve lao ddng trong tuong lai, ciing nhu cd thi riit ra duge nkung kinh nghiim cdn thiit cho phdp ludi VietNam.
Bdi viet duge thuc hiin v&i muc dich gi&i thiiu, thic nhdt la mdi quan he giira quyen cu tni vd quyen lao dong cua lao ddng nu&c ngoai tgi Nhdt Bdn; thu hai, trin co s& cdc phdn tich ndy cd thi riit ra duoc mot so bdi hgc kinh nghiem eho phdp lugt Viet Nam.
Tic khod: Lao dgng nu&c ngoai, lao dgng nhgp cu, eu trii.
Nhgn bdi:25/Il/2018; Hodn thdnh bien lap; 15/12/2018; Duyet ddng: 17/01/2019.
Abstract: Despite having the economic and social context which is quite different ji-om Vietnam (Vietnam has a high birth rate, plentiful labor market), however, the general policy of Japan for the reception of foreign workers is similar to Vietnam in that Japan is cautious with the reception of migrant laborers who are common laborers, while opening door welcoming workers with high technical qualifications. In particular, in the Japanese legal system, there is a relatively close, logistical relationship behveen Ihe entry requirements, the residence offoreigners and the income-earning employment problem.
With such special features and similarities, we believe 'that the study of Japanese law in this area will be a good preparation for future labor relations as well as experience drawn for Vietnamese law.
The paper is intended for introduction: firstly, the relationship between the right of residence and the right to employment of foreign workers in Japan; secondly, basing on this analysis to draw some lessons for the Vietnamese law
Keywords, foreign workers, migrant workers, reside.
Dale of receipt; 25/11/2018; Date of revision: 15/12/2018; Date of approval: 17/01/2019.
L Mdi quan he giu-a quyin cu tru va quyen nam 2016, tdng sd lao ddng nhap cu tai Nhat Ban lao dong cua ngudi lao dpng nirdc ngoai tai la 2,3 trieu, trong sd do din diu vl so lupng la Nhat Ban * ngudi Trung Qudc (27% lao ddng nhap cu), tiip Vdi thyc tl la tyle sinh thip va dan so gia hoa, theo la Han Qudc (chilm 25,5% lao ddng nhap Nhat Ban da va dang ludn luon la mpt thj trudng cuf. Lao dpng Viet Nam lam vide tai Nhat Ban iaodgngtilmnangthuhiitlaodpngnudcngoaide chilm sd Mgng hidn tai khoang 72.000 ngudi,
^ap u-ng nhu cau thiiu hut lao dpng, dac biet la chilm vj fri thir frr vl sd lugng frong thdng kg lao nhom lao dpng phd thdngl Tmh din khoang cudi dpng nhap cu tai Nhat Ban va cd mdt su gia tang ' ^^n sy, Tnrong Dai hoc Kinh tl-Ludt, Dai hpc Qudc gia thanh phi Ho chi Minh.
' Ihufit ngir phap ly tiing Anh diing M unski 1 led
' S6 li^u thing ke cua Tmng tam lao dpng nhap cu Chau A (ASIAN Migrant Cenfre), htlps://www.asianmigrantcenfre.oig/japan, Tmy cap ngay 1S/8/2018
o
M^mmm^ > i i
dang kg (36,l%i vg sd lugng) do sd lugng sinh vidn va thuc tap sinh ky thuat ngay cang tang do cac cdng ty Nhat Ban dau M vao nudc nay tang Idn'*.
v i n de nhap canh, cu trii va lao ddng Mdn dupc xem la cd mdi quan he mat thidt vdi nhau trong each nhin nhan vg chinh sach va phap Mat ciia Nhat Ban, theo do, mpt ngudi nudc ngoai ndu duge phep nhap canh va cu tru thi cd the cd hoac khdng cd quydn duge lao ddng- lam viee. Trdn tinh thin va logic nhu vay, van dg lam viec cua lao dpng nudc ngoai lai duge quy djnh trong Luat vl kilm soat nhap canh va ti nan (Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act) chir khdng phai duge quy djnh bdi Mat lao ddng nhu d Viet Nam hien nay.
Phil hgp vdi thdng le qudc tg, cd hai nguyen tac duge de cap trong viec xay dung cac quy djnh ciia phap Mat Nhat Ban vg nhap cu va lao dgng, dd la nguyen tac vg hpi nhap kinh tg va giu' quyen kiem soat nhap cu- quygn nang duge cho phep thudc vg nudc chii nha theo thdng Id qudc tg'.
Tren tinh than cac nguygn tae nay, mpt mat vdi xu tbl chung vl hdi nhap kinh tg, viec md cira trong hgp tac kinh te, khoa hpe, phap ly...Hay md cira ddn nhan lao ddng nudc ngoai la mdt yeu cau mang tinh qudc tg dg cd the md rdng cac quan he hgp tac tren tat ca cac Imh vyc cua ddi sdng xa hdi, gdp phan tign tdi dat duge nhirng chuan muc chung cua thd gidi trong cac ITnh vuc nay. Mat khac, tdn tai song song vdi ydu cau md cira giao luu qudc td, cac qudc gia van can giir nhirng tidu ehuan ridng lam ngn su khac biet cua qudc gia minh. Su khac biet nay giiip bao tdn nhiing di san, net van boa... ciia dan tdc, mac khac cung giiip ngan chan nhiing anh hudng tigu eye tir lan sdng hdi nhap, dac biet la tir lao ddng di cu. Yeu cau nay dat ra tren thyc td su can thidt phai kigm soat viec nhap canh, cu trii va lam viec cua lao ddng nudc ngoai bang viec dat ra nhirng didu kien ma chi khi dat duge nhirng digu kien dd ngudi nudc ngoai mdi dupc phep nhap canh, cu trii va lam
viec, Cac dilu kien nay duge quy djnh kha^^cu thg trong phap Mat Viet Nam tai Khoan 1 Didu 169 Bd Mat lao dpng nam 2012:
' "Lao ddng la cdng dan nudc ngoai vao lam viec tai Viet Nam phai cd dii cac dieu kien sau day:
a) Cd nang lye hanh vi dan sy day du;
b) Cd trinh dp chuyen mdn, tay nghi va siic khde phil hgp vdi ygu ciu cdng viec;
c) Khdng phai la ngudi pham tdi hoac bj fruy ciru trach nhiem hinh su theo quy djnh cua phap Mat Viet Nam va phap Mat nudc ngoai;
d) Cd giiy phep lao ddng do co quan nha nude cd thim quyin ciia Viet Nam cip, trii cac trudng hgp theo quy djnh tai Dilu 172 cua Bg Mat nay".
Trong dd rigng vd didu kien de cap giay phep lao ddng tai Dilu 9 Nghi dinh 11 /2016/CP vl lao ddng nude ngoai cd quy djnh "Didu kien dd cap giay phep lao dgng:
- Cd nang lyc hanh vi dan sy day dii theo quy dinh ciia phap Mat.
- Cd siic khde phu hgp vdi yeu ciu cdng viec.
- La nha quan ly, giam ddc dilu hanh, chuyen gia hoac lao ddng ky thuat.
- Khdng phai la ngudi pham tdi hoac bi truy ciiu trach nhiem hinh su theo quy djnh cua phap Mat Viet Nam va phap Mat nudc ngoai.
- Duge chap thuan bang van ban ciia co quan nha nudc cd tham quyen ve viec su dung ngudi lao ddng nudc ngoai".
Trong khi do theo quy dinh ciia Luat kigm soat nhap canh va ti nan, van de ca ban Hdn quan den nhap canh, cu trii va lam viee dd chinh la tinh trang eu trii (statuses of residence). Cu the theo quy dinh tai Khoan 2 Dieu 2 Luat nay "Mdt cdng dan nudc ngoai cd the cu trii tai Nhat Ban chi khi cd duge dja vi cu trii duge cap, duge xac dinh bdi sy cho phep nhap canh, su cho phep dat duoc hoac su cho phep ddi vdi bat ky thay ddi nao, trir trudng hgp duge quy dinh trong Mat kilm soat nhap cu va tj nan hoac cac Mat khac". Tren tinh '' S6 lieu thong ke ciia Trung lam lao dgng nhap cu Chau A (ASIAN Migrant
^ Hayakawa Chizuko, Japan's Recent Developments in Immigration Law and Policy: Reform on the Admission System of Highly Skilled Professionals, Technical Interns, and Domestic Workers, fr,3. Saga University,
https://www.ilera20l5,com/dynamic/Mil/ILI 18,pdf, fruy cap ngay 19/8/2018
So 1/2019 - Nam Ih^MifOi B
thin cua quy dinh nay, Luat kiem soat nhap cu va tj n ^ xac dmh cac tinh trang cu tru khac nhau, tuj thugc vao mdi tinh trang cu trii ma ngudi nhap ctf duge thuc hien cac cdng viec. Cu the cd cac tinh frang eu trii duoc Het ke vdi cac boat dgng cu thi nhu sau*:
Thir nhat, tinh trang cu trii duge xac djnh theo pham vi hoat ddng. Day la nhdm tinh trang cu frii duge phep lam viec trong pham vi boat dgng ciia loai thi thuc. nhdm nay duge lam tat ca cac cong viec trong khudn khd loai cong viee dirge cip theo thi thyc eua hg. Cu the la: Nhan vign ngoai giao; Vien chiic; Giao su; Ngudi boat dgng nghg thuat; Phdng vien, ngudi boat ddng tdn giao; "Nhdm lao dpng cd trinh dp cao nhap canh vaoNhIt Ban (bao gdm dich vu ke toan, phap ly, ky sir, nha nhan loai hpc, quan tri kinh doanh, Ihyc tap ky thuat...)
Thur hai, nhdm thj thuc chi duge phep lam viec khi xin phep: thi thyc di hpc, thj thue du Ijch, ngudi phu thupc, hoat ddng van boa.
Tkicba, nhdm thi thyc duge quyin lam bat cii cong viec nao: ngudi cu trii thudng xuyen; vg, chong hoac con ciia ngudi cd qudc tjch Nhat Ban;
vg, chong, con cua ngudi cd thi thyc cu trii thudng xuyen; cu tni dai han.
Tir thong kg tren cd thi thiy, cac loai tinh trang cu trii cho phep lam viec bao gdm "Cu trii thirdng xuygn", "Vg/chdng hoac con ciia ngudi CO quoc tich Nhat Ban", "Vg/chdng hoac con cua ngirdi cu frii thudng xuyen" va "Cu trii dai ban".
Nhimg trang thai nay duge trao dua tren nhan dang hoac vj tri ciia ngudi nop don va nhirng ngirdi duge trao cac tinh trang cu trii nay cd the lam bit ky loai cdng vide nao. Ngudi lao ddng gdc Nhat Ban (ggi la Nikkei-Jin, la nhung ngudi Nhat djnh cu d nudc ngoai) duge ddi xir khac vdi nhimg ngudi nudc ngoai khac va hg khdng bj gidi han ve loai cdng viec hp cd thd lam, tham ehi hp CO thi lam cac vide lao ddng pho thdng vi hp cimg
dja vi cu trii vdi tu each la "Vg/chdng hoac con cua ngudi ed qudc tjch Nhat Ban" hoac "Cu tni dai han".
Ngudi nudc ngoai khac vdi nhirng ddi tugng ndi trgn duge phep nhap canh va lam viec tai Nhat Ban neu hp cd ky nang chuyen mdn, nhung chinh sach nhap cu quy djnh rang lao ddng khdng cd ky nang khdng duge phep nhap canh va do dd pham vi boat dpng ma edng dan nudc ngoai cd thd tham gia duge xac djnh theo tinh trang cua hp cu tru.
Cac loai tinh trang eu frii cho phep lam viec bj han che ddi vdi nhung ngudi lao dgng cd trinh dp, ky nang chuygn mdn cao nhu "Ky su/Nha nhan loai hpc, Dich vy Qudc te", ciing nhu "Ngoai giao",
"Giao su" va cac dau viec khac. Ngoai ra, ngudi nudc ngoai cung cd thg duge frao tinh trang cu trii dac biet cho cac "Hoat ddng duge ehi dinh", theo dd pham vi lam viec cua ngudi nay duge xac dinh bdi Bd trudng Bd Tu phap. Cac loai tinh trang cu trii khac nhu "Sinh vidn" chi cho phep cd cac hoat ddng trong pham vi duge phep vdi tu each la sinh vidn. Bing each nay, Dao Mat kigm soat nhap cu su dung tinh trang ciia he thdng cu trii dg han che lam viee cua cdng dan nudc ngoai.
Nhu vay, nhin mdt each tong tbl cd tbl thiy, giii-a tinh trang eu trii (thj thuc nhap canh) cua ngudi nudc ngoai vao Nhat Ban va quyen duge lam vide dl tim kilm thu nhap ciia hp cd su lidn quan mat thiet vdi nhau. Hay cd the ndi tinh trang cu trii se quyit djnh ngudi nudc ngoai cd quyin dupc lam viec hay khdng. 6 goc dp tdng thd cd tbl thiy theo Luat vl kilm soat nhap canh, cu trii va tj nan xac djnh cd ba tinh trang cu trii co ban nhu sau:
Thir nhdt, tinh trang cu trii duge lam tat ca cac cdng viec nhu cdng dan Nhat Ban (cho hai ioai tinh trang, cu tru thudng xuygn hay, cu trii dai han, vg/chong hoac con ciia ngudi co qudc tjch Nhat Ban hoac vg/chong hoac con cua ngudi cu trii thudng xuygn.
•a kitasolnhapc.v/.i nan cuaNha, Ban, Japan's Recen. Developments j n l m m , g r « n U ^ ^ ^
IheAtaission System of Highly Skilled Professionals, Technical Interns, ani Domeshc Worker, trang 5, Saga Untvct^tty, i»tps://www.ileia20!S.com/dynamic/fiiML118.pdf, miy cap ngay 19/8/2018
r(rrii!i.ijiiynjiij!i.iA
Thir hai, tinh frang cu tni cho phep ngudi nudc ngoai duge lam viec mdt each cd gidi ban de tim kiem thu nhap trong khuon khd eac boat ddng duge xac djnh bdi thj thyc nhap canh (lao ddng trinh dp cao, giao su, phdng vien, nghe sy...)
Thir ba, nhdm ngudi nudc ngoai duge cap thj thuc khdng duge phep lam viec (sinh vidn, ngudi thuc hien cac hoat ddng van hoa, ngudi phu thudc^...). Mac dii khdng duge phep lam viec theo tinh trang thj thyc nhap canh, tuy nhidn Luat kigm soat cu trii va tj nan cho phep nhdm chu the nay cd thg duge lam viee sau khi duge cap giay phep lam viec (permit work) duge cap bdi Van phdng di trii (Immigration Office).
Tdm lai, tren co sdtdng the cac quy djnh ctia Luat kilm soat nhap eanh, cu trii va tj nan Nhat Ban, cd thg thay Luat v l kidm soat xuat nhap canh va ti nan sii dung tinh trang cu trii khdng chi de xac dinh pham vi nhap cu cua ngudi nudc ngoai, ma cdn de ban chd cdng vide cua ngudi nude ngoai kh i cu trii tai Nhat Ban. Vdi each quy dinh nay quygn duge lam viec ciia lao dgng nudc ngoai duge quyet dinh bdi tinh trang cu tru. Day la dilm khac biet vdi phap Mat Viet Nam hien nay lien quan den viec quan ly lao ddng nudc ngoai. Mat khac, trong bdi canh thidu hut lao ddng nhu hien nay do co cau dan sd gia, Nhat se phai thay ddi cac quy djnh theo hudng ndi Idng nhap eanh lao dpng, md rdng pham vi lam viee, gia han thdi gian thj thyc tham chi trao nhieu quygn cho ngudi duge cap thi thuc (vi du quyen duge mang theo ngudi than trong gia dinh). Su khac biet vg digu kien kinh td, van boa, xa hdi giira Viet Nam va Nhat Ban ehac chan se dan den su khac biet trong eac quy djnh ciia phap Mat.
Tuy nhidn van cd the xem xet va su dung vai kinh nghiem phap ly ciia Nhat Ban dded the van dung va hoan thien hon eae quy dinh ciia phap Mat Viet Nam.
2. Van de Itiem soat lao dpng nirdc ngoai lam viec tai Viet Nam va kinh nghiem riit ra tir thue tien phap Mat Nhat Ban
Khac vdi quy djnh cua phap Mat Nhat Ban- xem thj thyc cu trii la co sd cho viec thuc hi$n quyin cua ngudi lao ddng nudc ngoai mudn den va lam viec tai Nhat Ban, Mat Viet Nam sii dung giiy phep lao dgng nhu la cdng cu co ban trong quan ly lao ddng nudc ngoai.
Nam 2014 Viet Nam ban hanh Luat nhap canh, xuit canh, qua canh va cu frii cua ngudi nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam. Tuy nhidn, M|t nay thuin tuy chi dl cap din cac quy dinh vl dilu kien, quyin va nghTa vu ciia ngudi nudc ngoai khi nhap canh, qua canh hoac cu tni tai Viet Nam ma hoan toan khdng dk cap den quyen lam viec (lao ddng) ciia nhdm ddi tugng nay. Quy trinh, thii tuc tuygn dung lao dgng nudc ngoai cung nhu cac dilu kien tuygn dyng lao dpng nudc ngoai hien nay duoc quy djnh bdi Mat lao dgng ma cu the la Bg Mat lao ddng 2012, Nghi dinh sd 11/2016/CP ngay 03/2/2016 ve lao dpng nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam va Thdng tu 40/2016/TT-BLDTBXH hudng din Nghj dinh so 11/2016/CP neu tren.
Tren tinh than tdng the cac van ban ndi tren, mdt ngudi lao ddng nudc ngoai mudn den lam viec tai Viet Nam phai tuan thu hai nhdm dilu kien quy dinh tai Dieu 169 Bp Mat lao dpng, frong dd dieu kidn quan frpng nhat la phai cd giay phep lao dpng duge cap bdi Bp Lao ddng- Thuang binh va Xa hpi hoac Sd Lao ddng- Thuang binh va Xa hdi tuy tirng trucmg hgp duge quy dinh tai Khoan 1, 2 Dilu 3 Thdng tu so 40/2016/TT-BLDTBXH.
Giay phep lao ddng duge mien vdi nhirng ddi Mgng nhu la thanh vidn gdp vdn hoac la chii sd hiru ciia cdng ty trach nhiem hiru han, la thanh vien Hdi ddng quan tri ciia cdng ty cd phan, la Trudng van phdng dai dien, du an ciia td chiic qudc te, td chiie phi chinh phii tai Viet Nam, vao Viet Nam vdi thdi ban dudi 03 thang dd thyc hien chao ban djch vu, la Mat su nudc ngoai da duge cap giay phep hanh nghi Mat su tai Viet Nam theo quy djnh ciia Luat Mat su, la hpc sinh, sinh vien hpc tap tai Viet Nam lam vide tai Viet Nam nhung ngudi sir dung lao dpng phai bao trudc 07 ngay ' Vp/chong hoac ngudi chung sing di theo ngudi lao dgng ttiugc cac nhom dupc phep lam viec (nhom thii hai nhu "iai thich fren).
o
S6 1/2019 - Nam ihii' Mufli Bon
vdi CO quan quan ly nha nudc ve lao ddng cip tinh....Tren co sd giiy phep lao dgng ngudi sir dung lao dpng se tien hanh cac yeu cau cap thj thyc cho lao dgng nudc ngoai. Vdi thi thuc nay ngudi lao dpng nudc ngoai se duge phep vao lam vi^ct^i VietNam.
Nhu vay, giay phep lao dpng hidn nay cd tbl noi la cdng cu phap ly de quan ly lao ddng nudc ngoai trong vide vao Viet Nam lam vide (tru nhihig trudng hgp khdng can cip giiy phep). Quy trinh ciia phap Mat Viet Nam vg lao dpng nudc ngoai CO ve di ngugc la! vdi quy trinh cua phap luat Nhat Ban. Chung tdi cho rang su khac biet vl quy trinh ciia phap Mat Viet Nam so vdi phap Mat Nhat Ban khdng phai la su yeu kem trong cdng tac xay dyng phap Mat bdi chinh sach ve nhap cu lao dgng cd sy khac biet d mdi qudc gia tuy thugc vao cac digu kien ty nhien, kinh te va xa hgi. Dac biet d Nhat tii cupc cai each kinh te tii nhiem ky ciia Thii Mdng Shinzo Abe da tac dgng manh me din chinh sach ddi vdi lao ddng nhap cu, cd thg thay r5 dieu do qua viec cho phep tigp nhan thyc tap kj thuat tai cac doanh nghiep d Nhat Ban*.
Tuy nhign, tir quy frinh cua Nhat cd tbl xem xet dl niu cd thi, cai thien tdt hon cho cac quy dinh ciia phap Mat Viet Nam.
Vdi cac quy djnh hien tai, ngudi lao ddng nudc ngoai mudn vao Viet Nam lam vide se qua hai lan kigm soat, lan thu nhat kigm soat bang viec cap giay phep lao ddng, lan thii hai kigm soat bang viec cap thj thuc nhap canh. Hai lan kiem soat nay cd moi quan he kha mat thiet vdi nhau, cu thg, ngirdi lao ddng phai cd giay phep lao ddng thi mdi duge cip thi thyc. Cd ve kha thira ve quy trinh ddi vdi vide kigm soat lao dgng nhap cu. Bdi vi theo chiing tdi, dg dat duge myc di'ch gidi ban, kiem soat va quan ly lao dgng nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam chi can mpt Ian cip phep. Hoac la cip phep lao dgng, hoac la cap thi thyc, tuy thudc vao lua chgn ciia nha lam Mat dya trdn tinh hgp ly cua vide thyc hien.
Ngu chgn kiem soat bing giap phep lao dgng chiing tdi cho ring chi cin cd giay phep lao
ddng ngudi lao ddng nudc ngoai duong nhign duge phep nhap canh va khong can phai tiln hanh thii tuc cap thj thyc hoac mdt thii tuc thi thyc riit nggn. Neu chpn kidm soat bing cip thj thuc thi thii tuc nay la thii tuc kit hgp, cu thd la CO quan quan ly xuat nhap canh se phai kidm tra digu kien tigp nhan lao dpng nudc ngoai va ngu cac digu kidn da thoa man thi cip thi thuc lao ddng.
Chiing tdi cho rang cac co sd phap ly hien nay ciia Viet Nam kha thuan lgi cho viec chpn giai phap thir hai vi hien tai Luat nhap canh, xuit canh, qua canh va cu tru cua ngudi nuftc ngoai tai Viet Nam da cd sy phan loai cac loai thi thyc, cy thg la da cd loai thj thyc lao dgng cap rigng cho ngudi lao dpng nudc ngoai mudn vao lam vide tai VietNam. Viec chpn giai phap thir hai se giiip riit ngan (i) thdi gian thuc hien cac thii tuc cho vide tigp nhan lao ddng nudc ngoai, tigt kiem thdi gian cho doanh nghiep, (ii) se giiip tiet kiem eac chi phi quan ly do viec don gian hoa bd may quan ly nha nude, phuc vu tdt ban eho eai each cac thu tuc hanh chinh d Viet Nam. Mat khac, viec chi dung lai d mdt thii tuc kigm soat lao dpng nudc ngoai vao VietNam lam viec se cham dirt tinh trang triing lap ve cap phep (vi suy cho ciing quydn lam viec ciia ngudi lao dgng nudc ngoai ed quan be mat thidt vdi quyen cu trii ciia hg), do do vide yeu ciu cd ca hai loai giay phep (giiy phep lao ddng va thj thue nhap canh) la su cip phep triing.
Viec thdng nhat giii'a quygn nhap cu va quydn lam vide bing viec ghi nhan tinh trang thi thyc mac dii cd nhiiu uu digm nhu phan tich trgn (ciing vdi mdt uu diem ciing quan trgng khdng kem do la tinh thdng nhit trong eac van ban quy pham phap Mat) cung cin dy kign mpt co che kilm soat nhap canh dk dam bao cac tinh trang nhap canh khac nhau thyc hien cac quyin lam viec khac nhau phii hgp vdi dy kign ciia phap Mat. Dilu nay ciing cd nghia la thuan lgi se di cimg vdi nhirng thach thiic trong vide ap dung phap Mat.
' Hazakawa Chizuko, tldd fr. 1.
a!l.l4IJIJHJIIJ!M^
Chiing toi cung cho rang, viec chi diing lai d mpt thii tuc cap phep cho lao dpng nudc ngoai hoan toan khdng anh hudng gi den chinh sach nhap cu lao ddng bdi vi chinh sach nay (thd hien d viec md rdng hay silt chat lao dgng nhap cu) lien quan din viec dat ra va dam bao tuan thu cac dieu kien ve cap phep lao ddng chii khdng lien quan din quy trinh tigp nhan lao ddng nudc ngoai.
Tdm lai, kidm soat lao dgng nhap cu cho den nay van Mdn la mdt yeu ciu dat ra d hiu hit cac
quoe gia do yeu ciu vl an ninh, dam bao sy toan ven cac gia frj van hoa ciia dan tgc, dac biet la de bao hd lao ddng trong nudc chdng lai sy canh tranh trong vide tidp can vdi viec lam....Tuy nhidn, trong bdi canh kinh te hpi nhap, cac chinh sach vl lao dpng se phai thay ddi de phii hgp hem vdi bdi canh mdi. Trong xu thi md cua nay, cac quy djnh cua phap MatNhat Ban ve kilm soat lao dpng nhap cu cd tbl la mdt kinh nghiem tdt cho VietNam trong edng cudc cai each chinh sach va phap Mat./.
DAO TAO CHUNG NGUON THAM PHAN, KIEM SAT VIEN, LUAT SU TAI HOC VIEN TU PHAP - THLTC TRANG VA TRIEN VONG
(Tiep theo trang 75) Dg nhirng Idp dao tao tigp theo se dat duge chM lugng, hieu qua nhu mong dgi nham khang dinh hudng di mdi ciia mgt md hinh dao tao chiic danh tu phap dau tien tai Viet Nam, thdi gian sap tdi Hgc vien Tu phap tap trung thyc hien cac giai phap sau day:
- Td chiic so ket boat dgng dao tao chung ngudn Tham phan, Kiem sat vidn, Luat su khda 1;
khao sat y kiln ciia giang vign, hgc vign, ngudi sii dung lao dgng dh danh gia nhirng uu diem, ban chg ciia chuong trinh dao tao, nhirng thuan Igi, khd khan trong qua trinh frien khai dao tao tir dd tidn hanh ehinh sira, bd sung chuong trinh dao tao va riit kinh nghiem frong td chiic dao tao;
- Tiep tuc phdi hgp vdi Tda an nhan dan, Vien kilm sat nhan dan cac cip; Lign doan Luat su Viet Nam, cac td chirc hanh nghd Mat su de ra soat, lua chgn dpi ngu giang vidn va td ehiic tap huan giang vignnham bao dam dpi ngu giang vien da dang, virng vang vl kign thirc chuyen mdn, kinh nghiem thyc tg va nghidp vu su pham;
- Thyc hien ddng bd cac giai phap dac biet la tang cudng hieu qua boat dgng phdi hgp vdi Tda an nhan dan, Vien kigm sat nhan dan eac cap; Lidn doan Mat su Viet Nam, eac td chiic hanh nghi Mat
su de nang cao chit lupng hoat ddng kien tap, thuc tap cua hpc vign;
- Tigp tuc hoan thien he thdng hd so, tai lieu theo hudng bd sung cac hd so tinh hudng qua viec bign tap hd sa vu an thyc tg ciia mdt sd vu an phirc tap duge giai quygt gan day, bao dam he thdng hd so tinh hudng ludn cap nhat vdi cac quy djnh phap Mat mdi va thuc tign tu phap;
- Tang cudng dau M co sd vat chat cho boat dpng dao tao ciia Hpc vien ndi chung va boat ddng dao tao chung ngudn bd nhiem Tham phan, Kilm sat vien, Luat su, trang bi mdt sd phdng hpc da chirc nang cd he thdng ghi am, ghi hinh nham nang cao hieu qua dao tao ky nang nghi nghiep cho hpc vien.
Vdi viec thyc hien ddng bd cac giai phap neu trgn, Hgc vien Tu phap tin tudng chit lugng dao tao chung ngudn Thim phan, Kiem sat vien, Luat su se duge nang cao hon nua, dap irng nhu ciu cua ngudi hpc va xa hdi. Qua dd, Hgc vidn Tu phap se gdp phan tich cue vao viec thyc hien muc tigu phat frien ngudn nhan lyc hr phap chit lugng cao, tang cudng va bd sung hieu qua eho nguon tuydn dung cua cac nganh Toa an, Kilm sat va nhu cau phat trien dpi ngii Luat su chuyen nghiep, hien dai, hgi nhap qudc tg./.
