NH TE NGANH - LANH THO
Lien ket giu'a ctf sor
giao due nghe nghiep va doanh nghiep trong dao tao va su* dung lao dong of tmh Nehe An
* ^ • TRAM THI THANH TAM"
Trong bd'i canh toan c i u hoa va c^nh tranh gay gat hi$n nay, si^ li§n k^'t giifa cac trU&ng d^i hoc va doanh nghidp (DN) ngay cang co vai tro quan trong trong viec dam bao va nSng cao ch§'t lifoTng san p h i m dao tao cua nha trufcfng, ddng th&i la ngudn nh§n life chS't lifdng d l u vao cua DN. Hoat d^ng li§n kit dao t^o giita nha tritdng vdi DN t^i Ngh$ An m^c du da duf<;fc khdi ddng song hi$u qua li&n kit chifa cao, chifa thifc sif gan ket, ma con mang tinh "thdi vu". Bi lam td't cdng tac nay, thofi gian t^i c i n sif quan tSm cua cac cip, eae nganh cung nhif cOng ddng DN trdn dia ban.
T H I / C T R A N G
Trong giai doan 2013-2018, boat dpng Uen kdt dao tao giffa nbd trtfdng vdi DN da va dang ddp iftig yeu elu phdt tridn ngudn nhdn Itfc phtic vu qud trinh efing nghiep hda. hien dai hda cua tinh Nghfi An. Trtfde tac dfing cua tbi trrfdng stfc lao dfing, canh ttanh ve gido due, cdc cd sd dao tao da chu dfing tim kidm scfi ddy Ufin kdt vdi DN va mang lai hifiu qua dfch thtfe.
Gap gd, chap no'i, ky kfi't hdp ddng dao tao, bdp ddng san xuat.., tim ldi gidi cbo bdi lodn dlu vao, dau ra, vific ldm, thdm chi Id ngudn tdi ttd, dia didm thrfe tdp eho sinh vifin. Hinh thffe va mffc dfi Ufin kdt gii?a nha tttfdng vdi DN ngay eang ttd nfin da dang, chat ehe va di vao thtfc chat hdn. Trong qud tnnh tiitfe hifin lien ke't, nhdn thffc cua cd sd dao tao vd DN da dtfdc nang Ifin, hp thd'y ro hdn quydn va ldi ich moi ben kM bdp tae vdi nhau.
Theo Sd Lao dfing - Thtfcfng binh va Xa hfii tinh Nghfi An, thtfe hifin chfi trtfdng ddo lao nghe nong nghifip cho lao dfing nfing thfin giai doan 2017-2020 cfia Chinh phfi, ttong 2 ndm (2017-2018), Nghfi An da mfi dtfcfc 235 ldp dao lao nghe, vdi 7.692 Itfdt ngrfdi tham gia, dat 64,64%. Cac nganh nghe dao tao cbfi yfi'u la ehdn nufii thu y, nufii va phong tri benh cbo gia sue, gia elm... Tdng so'ngtfcfi hpc xong la 7.521 ngtfdi, dtfa tJ lfi tfi't nghifip dat 97,78%. Dac bifit, sau ddo tao cd it nhd't 7Q%-75% sd ngtfdi hpe nghe cd vific lam mdi, hoac tifi'p tuc ldm nghe cii, nhifng cd ndng sud't, tbu nhap cao hdn, gdp phan dtfa ty lfi lao dpng nfing thon qua ddo tao lodn Tinh dat 35%.
Theo ke't qua dieu tra cfia Sd Lao dgng - Thrfdng binh vd Xa hpi tinh Nghfi An ndm 2018, hinh fliffe lidp tde giffa cdc DN va cd sd cd s6 gido due nghd nghifip (GDNN) Id gfii lao dfing ddn hpc tai GDNN (chifi'm 53,39%), tiep nb^n va hrfdng d§n hpe vien thrfc tap tai DN (chie'm 58,37% tdng sd Itfcfl DN tham gia hdp tdc). Nhflng hinh thffe khac mang Unh chat hdp ldc chat che bdn, srf tham gia cua DN sau hdn trong lmh vifc GDNN, nhrf: cu" can bp tham gia xdy dtfng chtfdng trinb, xdy drfng tifiu ehuin nghd, tbam gia ddnh gia ket qua hpe sinh trong qud trtnh hpe lap, cfi cdn bo/chuyfin gia tham gia giang day lai ed set GDNN, bdp tac dao tao... con rl^l ban chd (Hinh).
Thtfc id cho thay, hau hdt cde trrfcfng ddu thdnh ldp bfi phdn dich vu va gidi quyfi't viec lam giup nhd trtfdng ket ndi vdi DN, nam bdt nhu eau nhdn Itfc eua DN kip thdi dieu ehinh kfi' hoach, npi dung dao tao cho phu hdp. Ddng thdi, cdc ehtfdng trtnh hdp tdc trong chtfdng trtnh dao tao tbeo ddn ddt hdng, ddp rfng nhu ciu xa bfii giffa eae trtfdng cao ddng, trung eap va DN ngay cang nhieu. Dien hinh Id Trtfdng Cao ding Nghd sd 4 - Bfi Qudc phfing, vdi phtfdng chdm mfi hinh
"gdn ddo tao vdt quyen ldi ngtfdi hoc"
"Trtfdng D?i hpc Vinh
ttong hdp tdc giffa Nha tiifdng vdi DN, till chit ltfdng ddo tao Id Itfa ehpn hdng ddu, giai quyfi't viee ldm id ffu tien sd mpt. Hifin nay, Nhd ttifdng dd xay diftig, hoan fliifin dffa vao ddo tao 12 bfi chtfdng Irinh eao ding; 12 bfi ehtfdng trinh tiimg cap va 7 bfi chtfdng tilnh sd d p nghe;
ddm bao giang day theo modul va tinh lien thfing dpe, lifin thfing ngang; ndng flidi gian ddo tao flitfe hdnh Ifin 70% tdng sd thdi gian dao lao; bdm sal nhu elu sfi dung DN vd hoi nhdp qudc te. Trong sd hdn 12.000 sinh vifin cfia Trrfdng, Men cd 50% sinh vien ddo tao tai tttfdng, 50% sinh vifin di hpe tai cac DN ttong va ngoai ntfde. Ngoai ra, 100% sinh vifin ttong qud tiinh ddo t^o drfde gfii di thttc tap vd ldm viee ede DN. nMdu sinh vifin ddo tao theo ddn ddt hang efia DN va nhdn ltfdng flitfc tap ngay tff khi edn dang Id sinh vifin cua Trtfdng. Nhd tiifdng dd cung cip mfit ngudn lao dfing ldn cho cae DN, nbtf; Tdng Cfing ty Lap mdy Viet Nam, Tong Cfing ty Song Da, Cfing ty c d phan Lilama. Hifin. Nha trtfdng eung dd lifin kdt vdi eae tttfdng dai bpe cao ding d Han Qudc, Nhdt Bdn, Cfing hoa Lifin bang Dtfc dd vffa ddo tao, vtfa cung ffng lao dOng cho cde thi trrfdng ntfdc ngodi vd drfdc danh gid la tiem ndng vdi kinh phi thip nhtfhg thu nhdp va ed hpi viee lam khd cao (My Ha, 2018).
Mac dfi hoat dfing lifin kdt dao tao giffa nha tttfdng vdi DN tai tinh Nghfi An da drfdc day manh miy ndm gin day, nhtfng hifiu qua vd boat dfing Ufin ket khfing ttdnh khoi nhutag han chfi' tren nhieu phtfdng difin. Tuy ndi la lien ke't. nhtfng nhd tttfdng vdn chfi dpng, "ttf minh" thrfc hifin "efing nghfi Ufin ke't ddo tao". Nhd trtfdng ehrfa dfi sffc "loi keo"
DN eung tham gia cde giai doan cfia qua ttinh ddo tao. Cdn bp DN xua't hifin ttong ede xtfdng thifc hdnh cua nbd trtfdng gan nhtf la cho cd mat. Do vay, khfi c6 the dfii hoi cdn bfi DN efing ngdi soan thao chuin dau ra. miic tieu, chtfdng ttinh, gido trinh nghe nghifip hay ddn gidn la ehd'm khod ludn, chuyfin dd to't nghifip.
Vl khfing tham gia cdc boat dpng ddo tao thtfdng xuyfin, nfin DN chffa nhdn thffc dly dfi ttach nhifim vdi stf ngMep phat tiifi'n nhdn itfc, tbam chi cd DN coi vific lifin ket ddo tao vdi nhd trtfdng la ta "chifi'u ed", "ban dn" bay "vi ne",
'cd di eo Iai"...
k
Ve phia DN, hp cho rang, ehtfdng h hpc d trtfdng vd tinfe tfi' cfia DNHiMH: HiNH THffC H0P TAC CUA DN Vdl CAC Cd sd GDNN (%)
Ci> can bo tham Cu can bO>' Tiep nh|n va Qui lao d^ng Hii glaxflytVng chuydn gia d ^ r u ^ din hoc dinhoct^off ctiuongtinh gilng d ^ t ^ i or ^en den thirc saGDNN
dtetao sliQmH tap tai DN
Nguon: Sci Lao dong - Thi/Ong binh va Xa hot t khde nhau bodn lodn, nang life ddo tao cfia cd sd day nghd hifin nay cdn ban ehd, chrfa phu bdp vdi yfiu elu cu the efia ndi lam vific. sinh vifin tdt ngbiep thidu cdc ky nang thrfe hdnh, fliieu kien thtfe vd quy ttinh sdn xud't, tbifi'u tinh ehfi dfing vd bifin phap x\t 1;^ phu hdp, dd ldm anh htfdng dfi'n qud trtnh san xuat. Bfin eanh dd, DN ehrfa tbd hifin ttach nbiem ttong vific cung cap thong tin vd yfiu elu vd nhu elu ngudn nhdn ltfe mfit cdch eu thd cho cae ed sd GDNN.
Bfin eanh dd, cfing tac duy tti, phdt tridn mfi'i quan he giffa nhd trrfdng va DN chrfa drfdc trien kbai mfit
• each he thfi'ng, ehtfa md rfing vd noi dung, hinh thffc ddn dfi'n thfing tin phdn hdi hai ehidu giffa cdc bfin gin nhtf khfing cd vd khfing ai qudn ly.
M0TS6GIAI PHAP
Mdt la, xdy dung ca chi' tu chU trong cdc ca sd GDNN vd cdc dan vi true thudc dd'i vdi hogt ddng liin kit giUa ca sd ddo tgo vd DN
Trong dieu kien kinh te' thi trtfdng hien nay d ntfde ta, dao tao d cdc ca sd GDNN cung chiu stf tdc dfing eua quy ludt kinb lfi' tiii trtfdng, dae bifit id quy ludt eung - ciu, quy ludt gid tri... Cac cd sd GDNN dao tao khong chi ddp ffng nhu elu nhan ltfe cho khu vtfc nhd nffdc, md phdi dap ffng nbu cau mpi thanh phin kinh tfi' cua ndn kinh tfi' qude dan. Dao tao khfing ehi theo ke' hoach nhd nrfde, ma con dao lao theo hap dong vdi ede td ehffc sfi dung lao dpng, ddp tftig nhu eau hpe t^p efia nhdn ddn vdi kha nang cua nha ttffdng. Vi vdy, de thuc dly hoat dpng Ufin kfi't co hieu qua dau tien phai lao cd ehfi' ttf ehu cho cde cd s6 GDNN va phai cd chinh sach md rpng trf chfi hdp tde eho cac ddn vi trrfc thufie ttrfdng dd ndng eao Mfiu qua hoat dfing lien kfi'l nhd tttfdng - DN. Do dd, de thtfc Wen md rfing quyen trf chfi cho cae ddn vi, ede trtfdng cd the ltfu f cdc khia canh nhtf sau:
ffl TE NGAMH - LANH THO
(i) Huy dfing vd khuydn khich cdc DN, cd quan, ngtfdi sfi dung lao dfing tham gia vdo qud tnnh ddo tao, bdi dtfdng ky nang nghe cho hpc vifin bang hinh thrfc trtfc tie'p nhan thtfc tdp tai DN, ddn vi sfi dung lao dfing de cEip nhat, nang cao ky ndng tbtfc hdnh nghe, tifi'p can cong nghe mdi.
(ii) Nha trtfdng nen ed cd chfi', chinh sdch vi khuydn khieh thu hut giang vien la nha qudn If, chuyfin gia tff ede DN tham gia vao qud trinb giang day, nghifin eifti vd htfdng dSn sinh vifin tai eae ed s6 GDNN.
(iii) Thfic dly stf phfi'i bdp giffa ed sd GDNN va DN ttong vific gidi thifiu vific ldm, tuydn dung sinh vifin cfia nba trtfdng eho ede vi tri tiem nang.
(vi) Cac ed sd GDNN nfin khuyen kMch giang vifin, hoc vifin dtfdc ttao ddi, tham quan vd thrfc ldp, thtfc hdnh nghd ngMfip cho cdc vi tti cfing vific tai ede DN ddi tde ma nha trtfdng thda thudn kJ kdt.
(v) Khuyen khich eae cd sd GDNN phdi hdp vdi DN, ddn vi sfi dung lao dpng ttong vific sfi diing ttang thidt bi efia DN phuc vti qud ttinh thtfe tdp, tbtfc banh cfia ngtfdi hpc.
Hai la, dot mdi cdc hinh thUc, md hinh lien ca sd GDNN-DN
Xu the thay ddi efia thi tttfdng, efia cac nganh cfing nghifip ddi hdi cdc trtfdng va cdc DN cin da dang hda nfii dung gan kfi't, ihay ddi nhiftig hinh thffe gin kfi't, di vao cac ho^t dpng thiic chat hdn, dem lai nhieu ldi ieh eho cdc bfin bdn. Doanh nghifip khfing chi xem trffdng nhff mfit ndi eung ed'p lao dfing, ma edn la ndi CO the thtfc bifin cac boat dpng hdp tdc giai quye't cac vd'n dd efia bdn thdn DN. Mfit sd vd'n de vd ddi mdi bmh thffc, mfi hinh lifin ket nha tttfdng - DN eho cde trtfdng, nhtf sau:
- Nha trtfdng va cdc DN c6 tbd phdi hdp xdy dtfng ede sdn giao dieh f ttfdng, giai phdp ky thudt. Cdc sdn giao dich nay dtfde thiet kfi' de cdc DN dtfa yfiu elu, cdc trtfdng tidp nhan yfiu cau dtfa tten cac tbda thuan sau dd lim kifi'm cae y trfdng va giai phdp ky thuat de giai quyfi't cdc bai todn efia DN.
- Nha ttrfdng ein xdy dtftig eae mfi hlnh vd ehuydn giao cfing nghfi vdi eae DN. Cde trung tdm ehuydn giao cong nghfi nay cd the tbtfc Men drfdi dang mfi hinh DN trrfc tbupc nha trffdng hoaic ede ddn vi eua nhd trffdng.
- Nha trtfdng cin xdy dtfng cac bo phdn chuyfin ttdeh vd dly manh efing tdc gidi thifiu, truydn thong vi lai Ich efia ede chrfdng trinh lifin kfi't, hdp tde vdi DN.
Chfi dfing gidi iMfiu, mdi gpi sif hdp tde efia DN vdi nhd trrfdng. Xdy drfng dtfdc cde bp phgn chuyfin ttdeh de thrfc hifin cdc boat dOng ket nfi'i DN se giup giam dtfcfc cdc rdo cdn tff pMa nhd trrfdng va tff phia DN ddi vdi cdc boat dfing lifin kdt, bdp tde.
Ba Id. thlic ddy cdc gidi phdp chd dgng lien kit td DN trong hogt ddng lien kit vdi ca sd GDNN
Hoat dpng lien ke't cd sd GDNN - DN Id boat dfing hdp tac hai cMeu tff nha trrfdng vd DN nham tao ldi ich cho ca hai bfin ttong dai han. Vi vdy, cdc DN eung cin cbfi dfing ttong vific tidp can bdp tdc vdi nha tnfdng:
- Cin thay ddi nhan thffc cfia cdc chu DN vd vai ttd efia lifin kfi'l nha tnfdng - DN. Doanh nghifip nfin nhin nhan tnfdng la ngudn cung cap tri thffe mdi, cdc kidn thffe cfing nghfi, cdc gidi phdp edi tifi'n efing nghfi, ndng eao chit Irfdng san pbim va he tbdng quan IJ efia DN.
Do vay, hdp ldc vdi nha tnfdng eiing ein phdi drfdc xem Id mpt boat dOng chidn ltfdc ed stf tfu tifin eao efia DN, ddc bifit ttong bfi'i canh cae DN Viet Nam da phin Id DN vffa vd nbd, ngudn Iffc tai chinh khfing ddi ddo.
- Ngodi xu hffdng ttdeh nhifim xa hpi cua DN Id ddo lao va bdi dtfdng nhan ltfe thi DN cbn ttao ddi vd san sdng chia se ndng Irfe nghifin efitt vd ede ngudn life dau ttf cbo boat dfing nghifin cCtu vh phdt ttien (R&D) vdi tiifdng. Lanh dao DN vd cdc chuyfin gia cua trtfdng cin khuydn khich ttao doi ihfing tin, thdo luan nhilm xae dinh cdc van dfi chinh can quan tam va nhffng yfiu can nghifin cffu c6 thff Iff rfu tien cao cfia moi ben.
- Tang ctfdng quan he ddi tac hcfp tac dai ban linh boat giffa DN vdi nha trtfdng, tdp trung vdo ngudn nhdn ltfe sdng tao vd tai nang cua nhd trrfdng - nhiMg ngudn Itfc ddm bao boat dpng ddi mdi, sdng tao ttong trfdng lai efia DN, cbo dii nhflng ldi ich thu lai edn rat ldu ddi.Q
T A I L i e u THAM KHAO
1. Phdng Giai quye't vific lam - Sd Lao dfing - Thrfdng binh vd Xa hfii linh Nghfi An {2018). Di dn Nhu cdu sadung lao ddng trong cdc logi hinh DN
2. Trinh Thi Hoa Mai (2005). Kinh li tunhdn Viit Nam trong tien trinh hdi nkgp, Nxb The gidi, H^Nfii
3. My Hd (2018). Trudng Cao ddng nghe sd4 - Bd Qudc phdng: Chdt lugng ddo tgo Id uy tin cua nhd trudng, truy cap ttf https://baonghean.vn/truong-cao-dang-nghe-so-4-bo-quoe-phong-chat- iuong-dao-tao-la-uy-tin-cua-nha-truong-225304.hlml
