Hoang Xuan Trudng Tap phi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 163(03/1) 1 9 - 2 3
Q U A N H E D O I T A C C H E E N L U C f C A N D O - N G A T R O N G T H A P N I E N D A U T H E K I X X I
Hoang Xuan Trirdng*
Trudng Dgi hoc Suphgm—DH Thai Nguyen
T6M TAT
K^ tir khi ky Tuyen ht ve Dot tac chien lupc An Do - Nga vao thang 10/2000, Quan hfi An Dfi- Nga d3 CO su nang cao ve chat vdi viee tSng cudng hpp tac dien ra a hau het cac linh vuc gom chinh tri, an ninh, kinh te thuang mai, quoc phong, khoa hpc - cong nghe va vSn hoa. Den chuyen th3m ciia T6ng th6ng Nga den An Do vao thing 12/2010, doi lac chi^n lupc dS nang 16n "doi tac chien lupc dac biet va uu tien" Trong bai viet nay, tic gii xem x6t quan he giQa hai nude ve cac van de* Nhin to tac dpng, cac Imh vyc va tnen vpng ciia moi quan h£ nay trong tuong lai, Tir khoa: An Do, Nga, quan he An Dp - Nga, doi tdc chien luac. doi tdc chien lui;rc dgc biet Nhirng n h i n t o thiic d a y sir p h i t t r i e n q u a n
h | An D p - N g a
Ihi^ nhdt, quan h e An Dd - N g a da ke thira quan he An D p - Lien Xd trudc d i y . Ke tir khi quan he ngogi giao An Dp - Lien X o chinh thiic dupc thiet lap v i o nam 1950, quan he giua hai quoc gia da gdp phiin quan trong thiic day su phat tnen ve mgi mat chp ca hai nude ve kinh te, ehinh tri, quan su. Day la c o sd, nen t i n g cho quan he An Dp - N g a phat trien.
Thu hai, tinh hinh th^ gidi sau Chien tranh Ignh cd nhiing bien doi sau s i c . Cudc cdch mgng khoa hge - edng nghe vdi xu the t o i n cau h o i da l i m gia tang lien ket va phu thu$c Ian nhau giiia cac quoc gia. Thep Hdi nghi Lien Hiep Quoc ve T h u a n g mai va Phat tnen (UNCTAD), "bdn ehdt cua todn cdu hod la su tdng len mgnh me nhiing moi liin he, su tdc ddng vd phit thugc ldn nhau ciia tdt cd cdc nude, cdc khu vuc" [5, tr.23]. Cimg vdi do, xu the khu vyc hoa lam cho e i e quoe gia chu dpng h a n trong viec tim kiem hpp tac song p h u a n g va da p h u o n g Dieu n i y giiip quan hg An D o v a Nga them gan giii.
TTiii- ba. khu v u c chau A - Thai Binh D u a n g trd thanh mgt trong ba trang t i m cua nen kinh te the gidi, C i e quan hg kinh te, chinh tri vdi khu vyc n i y ed tam quan trgng n g i y cang tang doi vdi ca An D p va Nga. Su thay doi vi the cgnh tranh cua My, Nhgt B i n v i T r a n g Qupc t i c ddng tryc tiep den quan he hai n u d e . Tel 0974 908031. Email. hoanglniongl80987@gmml cc
Thit lu, nhan to M y eiing t i e dpng den quan he An Dp - Nga' Mgt mat M y tang cudng
"chi^n l u a c ngan c h a n " ' v d i Nga bang chieu bai "dan chii v i nhan quyen", trien khai hg thong phdng thii ten Iiia v a gia tang can d u vao khu vuc anh hudng trayen thong ciia Nga. Mat k h i c . M y ra siic loi keo An Dp n h i m pha v d quan he An Dp - N g a va giup M y tgo the trong khi doi phd vdi Nga Dae bigt, My tang cudng thiic day v i l i doi t i e t h u a n g mgi ldn nhat ciia An Dg, vdi tong kim ngaeh thuong mgi hai chieu tang theo cap sP nhan trong thap ky qua, tir mirc 14,35 ty USD vao nam 2000 tang ien 48,7 ty USD v i o nam 2010 [5]. Trong khi dd. An Dd cung ngay c i n g xich lgi gan h a n vdi My. Nhung, An Dd khi tien lai gan Washington v i n khong quen t i n g cudng quan he vdi Moscow de trung h o i tryc Washington - Isalamabad. Vdi trayen thong trung l i p trong ngogi giao. An Dg khdng muon minh trd t h i n h mgt yeu to trpng chien lupc ciia M y doi vdi N g a V i quan trpng la, trpng quan hp vdi My, c i An Dp va N g a deu p h i n doi m y u do don e y e ciing nhu
"tliu chudn kip" trong cupc chien chong khiing bd do My diing dau [4]
Thit ndm. sy troi day manh me va gia tang i n h hudng ciia T n m g Quoc d c h i u A I i thich thiic nghiem trpng den vi the chien luoc eiia hai n u d e . Trang Quoc su dung Pakistan de
"doi trong" vdi An Dp d Nam A, thuc hign chien lupc "chuoi nggc Irai" bao vay An Dd.
Hoang Xuan Tmdng
Tap chi KHOA HOC & C 6 N G NGHB163(03/1), 19-23 Cung vdi dd, Trang Quoc tang cudng anh
hudng vao Trang A, sir dyng "sue manh mem" de dpa vimg Vien Ddng cua Nga vdi hang ngan ngudi Trang Quoe di cu bat hpp p h ^ . Do thyc sy la mot "moi de dpa tiem tang" cho An Dp va Nga.
Ngoai ra, nhan to Pakistan va sy md rong cua EU, NATO ve phia Ddng eiing khien cho hai nude chii y den nhau nhieu han.
Cuoi cung, nhung van de toin ciu, nhat la chil nghta khiing bd quoc te, ly khai dan tpc vi tdn giao cue doan, buon ban ma tiiy, toi pham cd to chiic lim cho An Dd va Nga lo nggi. Vi le dd, hai nude dang tim kiem mot vai trd ldn hon trong eie ca che hpp tic de doi pho vdl cac mdi de doa nay.
Tir phia An Do, nhu cau hop tie vdi Nga la phu hpp vdi lpi ich chien lupc ciia An Do.
Thii nhat. An Dp da cd moi quan he chat che lau ddi vdi Nga. Thu hai. An Dd can Nga ho trp de trd thanh cudng quoc tren the gidi va thinh vien thudng true eua Hpi dong Bio an, ciing nhu trong viec giii quyet van de Kashmir Thii ba. An Do phu thudc rat ldn vao nguon vu khi tir Nga, dae biet la rat can cung cap lau dai cae loai vu khi vi thiet bi tign tien trong tuong lai. Thii tu. An Dp eo nhu eau Idn trong viec nang eap cae co sd .kinh te cd tii thdi Lien Xd giiip dd xiy dyng.
Ve phia Nga, viee thiet lap quan he doi tic chien luoc vdi An Dd, Ii dieu kien thuan loi de tang eudng vai dong minh trayen thong, la mot phan quan trpng ciia chinh sich ngogi giao can bang A - Au, eiing co vi tri chien lupc cua minh d Nam A, tao trang thai can bang trong canh tranh chien luge vdi My, phi vd chien luoc ket noi Trang A vdi Nam A cua My. Ngoai ra, vdi uu the ve dien tieh vi dan so. An Do trd thanh moi tradng dau tu ly tudng eua Nga Cuoi eimg, hpp tac vdi An DO CO the lam on dinh khu vyc mien nam nude Nga, ngan chin anh hudng cua Pakistan va Afghanistan vdi cae nude Trung A Hoi giio.
Sy phat trien ,quan h | An D6-Nga thip nien diu thg ki XXI
20
Chinh tri - ngogi giao
Quan he chinh tri - ngoai giao Ii co sd cho hop tie song phuang. Chuyen tham An Dp cua Tong thong Putin vio thing 10/2000, hai nude da ky Tuyen bo ve Doi tac chien luac Do thuc su la ddng luc va moc khdi dau hudng tdi tuong Iai, dem den sy chac chan va tm ciy vio nhau [8].
Hpi nghi cap eao thudng men An Do - Nga la CO che doi thoai cao nhat giiia hai nuoc, Thudng xuyen ed eae chuyen tham eiia Ianh dgo hai nude. Ve phia An Do, Thii tudng Vajpayee thim Nga hai lan- thing 11/2001 va thing 11/2003. Thii tudng M Singh tdi Nga 3 Ian. thing 12/2005, thing U/2007, thang 12/2009 Ve phia Nga, Tong thong V Putin tham An Dd vao thing 12/2002, thang 12/2004, thing 1/2007, vi diing 3/2010 khi dng lim Thii tudng. Tong thong D.Medvedev tham An Dp vio thing 12/2008, thang 12/2010. Trong cac cupe gap cap cao do, Ianh dao hai nude ludn cd sy chia se quan diem ve cic van de song phuong, khu vyc va quoc te Nga cam ket ung hp An Do ve van de Kashmir va chuang trinh hgt nhan vi muc dich hoa binh eiia nude niy Doi Iai, An Dp kien quyet ung hd lap tradng ciia Nga ve thiet lap trat tu the giai da cue, ve van de Chechnya. Trude tinh hinh bat on ct Afghanistan vi Iraq, quan diem ciia hai nude ve chu nghta khung bo ngay cing tang, hai nude da ky mot Bin ghi nhd vi thanh lap Nhom cdng tic ehung de doi phd vdi moi de dpa nay (nam 2002).
Cling vdi do. An Dp vi Nga ed su phoi hgp
vdl nhau trong cae dien dan nhu: iing hp cai
each Lien hop quoc, tham gia Dien dan Hpp
tac kinh te chau A Thai Binh Duong
(APEC), phoi hop chat che trong nhdm BRIC
Nga ung hp An Do trd thinh uy vien thirdng
tryc cua Hpi dong Bio an Lien hpp quoe vi gia
nhap Nhom cic nhi eung cap hgt nhan (NSG),
tich eye ho trp An Dp li thanh vien chinh thiic
ciia To ehiic Hpp tie Thuong Hii (SCO). An
Dp ung hd Nga gia nhap WTO
Hoang Xuan Tradng Tap chi KHOA HOC & C 6 N G N G H E 163(03/1) 1 9 - 2 3 Kinh te - thuang mgi
Nen kinh t^ hai n u d e ed Iudn ed sy bo sung cho nhau. Mdt so e a ehe ve hpp t i c kinh te t h u a n g mgi da d u a c Igp ra: Uy ban lien chinh phli An Dp - N g a ve h o p t i e t h u a n g mgi, kinh te, khog h p e , cdng nghg v i van h d a thanh lap nam 1992 van tiep tuc hogt dgng vdi c i c nhdm Iam viec ehung; N h d m nghien ciiu ve thuong mai (2006); Di§n dan An D p - N g a ve t h u a n g mai v i dau t u (2006), Phdng t h u a n g mai An Dp - N g a v i Hdi dong c i c Giam doe dieu hanh ciing d u p e thanh lap (2008). Nhin chung quan hg kinh t e , thuong mgi co mgt so npi dimg:
Mgt la, thdi ky nay kim nggch t h u a n g mai song p h u a n g ed su tang t r a d n g tir 1.63 ty USD n i m 2000 len 8 53 ^ U S D nam 2010.
Trong thdi gian 2005 - 2010, thuong mai An Dp v i Nga ghi nhan ti Ie tang tradng kep h i n g nam l i 1 3 % va tang gan gap b a l i n trong nam 2010. N a m 2009 v i 2010 bat chap khiing h o i n g t i i chinh toan cau, da cd su gia tang trong t h u a n g mai song p h u a n g vdi miic 7,4%
v i l 4 , 4 % [ 7 ] .
Hai Id, neu giai doan 1991 - 1999, c i n c i n t h u a n g mai nghieng ve phia An Dp thi giai dpgn 2000 - 2010 c i n can t h u a n g mai nghieng ve phia N g a , An D o l i n u d e nhap khau rdng tir N g a vdi miie tang gan 6 Ian.
Ba Id, mac dii An Do va Nga cd quan he chinh t n rat tot nhung quan he ve kinh te, thupng mgi Igi rat thap v a e h u a t u a n g xiing vdl tiem nang ciia hai n u d e . Nguyen nhan l i
d o c i c rao can n h u thieu eac tuyen dudng t h u a n g mai, viec thda thugn ve k h o i n n o rupee - rable, sy thieu hut thong tin. thieu kien thiic ve tiem nang kinh doanh.
Quan su - quoc phong
Hop t i c quan sy - quoc phong ludn duqrc xac dmh l i mpt try ept trong quan he song phuong. Uy ban hen chinh phit An Do - Nga ve hgp t i e ky thuat - quan sy I i co quan thuc day hpp t i c giiia hai n u d e . Trong quan he quan sy quoe phong noi len 3 dac diem- Mgt Id, k h o i n g 7 0 % so vii khi eua An Do hien nay la do N g a s i n xuat v i 3 0 % doanh thu tir xuat khau vu khi cua Nga l i tir An Dp.
Giai doan 2000 - 2010, rieng xuat khau vii khi N g a sang An Dp dat 15,8 ty U S D . An Dp ludn xep thii 2 trong so eac n u d e xuat khau vii khi cua Nga {SIPRI Arms Transfers Database). An Do mua so lugng Idn c i c loai vii khi tien tien ciia Nga nhu xe tang T-90, may bay chien dau Su-30MKI, m i y bay M i G - 29K, true t h i n g quan su Kamov K a - 3 1 , du an hien dai hda tuan duong hgm Dd doc Gorshkov (An Dp gpi la INS Vikramaditya), Hai I i , hop t i c ky thuat quan su An Dp -Nga da p h i t tnen tir quan he mua - b i n sang hcrp t i c nghien ciiu, p h i t trien s i n xuat c i c Ioai vu khi hign dgi nhu may bay chien dau the hg thii nam, may bay vgn tai da nang, he thong ten lua sieu thanh BrahMos phien b i n mdi ., cap giay phep cho An Dp san xuat may bay Su-30 v i x e tang T-90...
N i m 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Nhap khau tir Nga 1 081 1 117 1628 2 735 ] 554 2 3 1 4 2,987 4 0 1 1 5 231 5 936 6 392
Xuat khau sans Nga 0.555 0 543 0 5 1 5 0.584 0.631 0 784 0,968 1.309 1.715 1 523 2.142
Tong gia tri Can can thu'tms mai ciia An Do 1636
1 660 2.143 3.319 2.185 3 098 3.995 5 320 6 946 7 460 8.535
(•)0 526 (-)O 574 (-)l 113 (-)2 151 (-)O 923 (-)l 530 (-)2 019 (-)2 702 {-)3 516 (-)4 413 (-)2 143 Ngudn. Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) ndm 2010, 2011
Hoang Xuan Tradng Tdp chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 163(03/1) 19- Ba Id, An Dp va N g a gia tang so lan tap tran
chung. T h i n g 5/2003, An Dp va N g a da to ehiie d i l n t i p hai quan chimg lan dau tien ke sau sy tan ra ciia Lien Xd. Tir nam 2003 den nam 2010, An Dd v a N g a da tien hanh 5 cupe tgp trgn Indra tren bien v i dat lien Khoa hgc - cong nghe
Nhom edng t i e ve Khoa hgc v i Cong nghp, Chuang trinh tieh hpp dai ban (ILTP) v i Chuang trinh H p p t i c Khoa hgc ca ban la b a ca ehe ehinh cho hpp t i e khoa hpe v i cdng nghg spng p h u a n g . Dgc bigt, Chuong trinh tich hpp dai han ve hpp t i c Khoa hpe va Cong nghe I i su hgp t i c khoa hpc Idn nhat v i t o i n dien nhat m i An Dp v i N g a ciing tham gia thdng qua viec t h i n h lap 9 trang tam d c i An Dp v i Nga. Ngoai ra Sd Khoa hpe v i Cdng nghg cua chinh phu An Dp va Quy Nghien ciru Co b i n Nga da ky B i n ghi n h d v i o ngay 7/8/2007 ve hap t i c song phuang trong nghien ciiu khoa hoc e o ban n h u toan hpe, tin hgc - vien thong v i khoa hpe may tinh, vat Iy, thien van hpe v a vat Iy thien van, y te va khoa hpc sinh hgc, khoa hge trai dat.
Hap tdc ve ndng lugng
De d i m bao an ninh nang lugng. An Do rat coi trpng tang c u d n g hpp t i e vdi Nga, dieu nay eung duac ehinh phii hai n u d e tich c u c thiic ddy. T h i n g 12/2005, chuyen tham eua Thu tudng M Singh den Moscow da cho biet,
"hgp tdc ndng lugng An - Nga vdi mgt nin fdng vQng chdc, sS cung cd quan he ddi tdc chien luge trong tuang lai. " [ I ] .
Trong ITnh vye d i u khi. An Dp va Nga da hpp t i c tnen khai nhieu d y i n quan trgng ve tham do, khai t h i e v i eung cap dau khi n h u d u an SakhaIin-1. T h i n g 9/2000, An Dp, Nga, Iran ky ket th6a thuan thanh lap Hanh lang van tai quoc te B i c - Nam tao dieu kign cho nhgp khau dau khi tir Nga v i eac n u d e Trung A vao An Dp Tap doan Gazprom ciia Nga v i Cdng ty khi dot An ciing da hpp t i e p h i t trien khai thae ehung d vinh Bengan
vi ndng lirgng hgt nhdn- Vdi su giiip dd ky thugt va thiet bi cila Nga, hai 16 p h i n iing 22
nude nhg tgi n h i m i y dien hat nhan Kudankulam tgi bang Tamil Nadu da dupc xay dyng vdi eong s u i t 1.000 M W mSi 16.
Sau khi M y v i An D p ky th6a thugn hgt nhan dan sy vao nam 2 0 0 8 , den nam 2010. Nga 6at dupe thda thugn xay d y n g 16 Id p h i n iing h ^ n h i n tgi 3 dia diem d An Dp trong tuong lai.
Hgp tdc trong linh vuc khong gian T h i n g 12/2002, An Dp v i N g a thong bao se hpp t i e tham dd mat trang. N g i y 12/11/2007, Co quan vii tra N g a v i To chiic nghien cmi khdng gian An Dg da ky Higp dinh phoi hgp nghien ctiu che tao c i c thiet bi de tien hanh nghien ciiu mat t r i n g T h i n g 12/2004, hai co quan tren ciong da ky mdt thda thugn vl sir dyng chung He thong ve tinh dinh vi toin cau GLONASS, Giam doc C a quan Vu try Nga Lien bang Nga Anatoly Perminov eho biet:
"Du dn GLONASS Id m6t thda thudn rdt quan trong vd Id mot buoc dot phd ldn trong hgp tdc khdng gian song phuang" [2], Ngoai ra, hai nude cung da quyet dinh khdi phuc lai d y an Coronas - P H O T O N tir thdi Lien Xo m a hai nude da ky ket [3]
Vdn hda, gido due
Viec tang c u d n g nghien ciiu trayen thong van hda An Do van dupc tiep tuc day manh t^i Lien bang Nga. T r a n g t i m van hda Jawaharlal Nehra tai Dai sir q u i n An Do d Moscow luon duy tri quan he hpp t i c vdi cac ea quan nghien ciru va cac trudng dai hoc hing dau ciia Nga N h d m cdng t i c ehung ve van hdava du lieh d i thiie day nhieu hoat dpng van hoa n h u Nam n u d e N g a tgi An Dp (nam 2008), Nam An Dp tai N g a (nam 2009) [7], T r i e n v o n g h g p t i c q u a n hS An Do -Nga t r o n g t h d l gian tdi
Vdi nhiing ket qua dat dupe trpng thdi gian vira qua, cd nhieu ly do de tin tudng rang, moi quan he An Dg - N g a n g i y cing phat trien:
Mot la. An Dd va N g a khong cd xung dot ve Igi ieh. Quan he hai n u d e Iudn ham chiia sir tin t u d n g v i cdi md.
Hai Id, hai n u d e cd chung quan diem trpng nhieu van de quoc te n h u ve chu nghTa khung
Hoang Xuan Trudng Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 163(03/1) 19-23 bo quoc t^, iing hg trgt ty the gidi dan chii va
da eye.
Ba Id, trien vpng ve hgp tie kinh te la rat lae quan. Vdi vi tri chien lupc, quy md kinh te va tiem nang dan so, quan he An Dp vi Nga hiia hgn se mang lgi nhieu thugn Ipi cho sy phit trien doi vdi moi nude. Cimg vdi nhiing cam ket mgnh me ciia hai nude da trd thinh dpng luc thiic day kinh te, thuang mai trong thdi gian tdi.
Bdn Id, hop tic quan su hien nay giiia hai nude dang diing trade nhiing ca hoi mdi Nga vdi siic mgnh quan sy ke thira tir Lien Xd, hoin toan dip iing yeu eau ciia An Dp Ngpii ra nhiing khd khan ve kinh te, su md rpng ciia NATO, siic ep ciia phuang Tiy, budc Nga phai tang cudng vdi An Dp nhieu hem. Con An Dp vdi myc tieu cuong quoc the gidi, trong khi khu vyc lgi tiem an nhieu nguy ca giy mit on dinh vi sy cgnh tranh ciia Trang Quoe, Pakistan ciing huge nude nay phii hien dgi hda quan dpi eua minh. Hop tic vdi Nga, An Dd Igi cd Igi khi gia thanh re hon vi ed kha nang tiep can vdi giay phep sin xuat cic vii khi tien tien. Dieu ma An Dp se khong cd dupc khi hgp tic vdi phuang Tay.
NHANXET
Budc via the ki XXI, doi tic chien lupc An Dp - Nga chiu sy tac dpng ciia nhieu nhan to khach quan vi chu quan, Chinh nhiing yeu to niy da thiic dgy quan he hai nude ngiy cang mat thiet. So vdi quan hg dong minh Lien Xd - An Dg tmdc kia thi quan he An Dg - Nga di khic hon rat nhieu, thdng qua sy phit trien mang tinh binh bang, toin dien tren moi Iinh vyc. Moi quan he giiia hai nude la tuong doi on dmh, mau thuan ve chien luoc la khong ton tai. Do vgy, quan he hai nude khong ehi mang lai lpi ich cho nhau mi cdn gop phan quan trpng vao hda binh, on dinh, bio dam an ninh cho khu vuc vi hinh thinh trgt ty the gidi mdi sau Chien tranh Lgnh.
T A I L I E U THAM K H A O 1 Defence energy to dominate India - Russia meet. The Hindu. 03"* Dec 2005
2 India, Russia enter into strategic partnership, India Express Bureau, 03"* Dec 2004 3. New thrust to Indo - Russian defence cooperation, The Hindu, 07* Dec 2005 4. Relocating Indo - Russian ties. The Hindu, 08*, Nov 2001
5. UNCTAD (1997), Trade and Development Report, New York and Geneva, tr 23 6. www.mdianembassy ru index
7 www.thehmdu com/2000/10/04/stories/0204000 9,htm-
SUMMARY
INDIA-RUSSIA STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP DURING THE FIRST DECADE OF THE XXI CENTURY
Hoang Xuan Truong University of Education - TNU • Since the signing ofthe Declaration of India-Russia Strategic Partnership in October 2000, India - Russia ties have acquired a qualitatively new character with enhanced levels of cooperation taking place in almost all areas of the bilateral relationship including political, security, trade and economy, defense, science and technology, and culture During the visil of the Russian President to India m December 2010, the Strategic Partnership was elevated to the level of a "Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership." In this article, the author considers the relationship between the two countries on the issues the impact factor, the comprehensive development In the areas, and prospects of this relationship in the future
Key words: India, Russia. India-Russia relations, strategic partnership. 21 century, special strategic partnership.
Ngdy nh$n bdi: 28/11/2016; Ngdy phdn biin: 10/12/2016; Ngdy duyet ddng: 31/03/2017 Tel: 0974 908031. Email: [email protected]
